Personal Psychological Factors Research Articles

Facteurs de protection dans les conduites d’alcoolisation chez les étudiants de l’université Saint-Esprit de Kaslik au Liban. Étude transversale effectuée sur des étudiants séminaristes et non séminaristes

ObjectivesAlcohol consumption is facilitated in university students by personal risk factors such as initiation with the substances at an early age, a low self-esteem, a lack of social aptitudes and heredity. Protective factors are characteristics of the personality like optimistic attitude towards the future, good coping strategies, good self-esteem and good capacity of resilience. The objective of our study consists in comparing the alcohol consumption of subjects between 18 and 25 years old within the Holy Spirit University of Kaslik in Beirut. We postulate that the alcohol consumption and the protection factors in the same university vary, as the students are seminarists or not. We tried to see if the seminarists students have lesser alcohol consumption (binge drinking, abuse, dependence) than none seminarists students and to see if they have personal psychological protection factors (optimism, high self-esteem, positive coping strategies to resolve the problems and resilience) higher than none seminarists students. Subjects and methodsOur study concern a Lebanese sample of 200 students of the Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Lebanese Francophone University, aged between 18 and 25 years, distributed on four faculties (theology, management, science and medicine) of 50 persons each one. The students were informed and agreed to pass two anonymous questionnaires: the first one help to detect subjects having alcohol drinking (binge drinking, abuse and dependence) whose a part corresponds to the test AUDIT measuring the alcoholic dependence; and the second allows evaluating personal psychological factors of protection (optimism, good self-esteem, positive coping strategies and resilience) whose a part concerning the self-esteem is the one of Rosenberg, the part relating to the coping strategies is inspired by the “Brief cope” scale of Carver; the part concerning the optimism is inspired by the LOT “Test Life orientation” of Schier and Carver and the part relating to the resilience is inspired by “the control and the self-resilience” scale. ResultsTheology students have personal factors of protection, which protect them from alcohol drinking: higher optimism than others, more positive coping strategies, a better resilience and a good self-esteem more than those in other faculties. This differentiates them from other students concerning the risk use and the “binge drinking” and did not significantly differentiate them concerning the abuse and the dependence. The binge drinking seems to be significantly higher at the students in management, sciences and medicine. Their search for domination, which accompanies the competition between each others, where it is socially “virile” to drink important quantities of alcohol around games, can influence their behavior. So, we can understand why such behaviors do not seem to interest the seminarists. The risk use on the test of the AUDIT seems to be significantly lower in seminarists students than in sciences and management. This can be explained by their less frequent use of substances to resolve their conflicts and their use of coping strategies such as prayers and by their vision in the life is based on the hope, faith and carrier of optimism. The major problem of Lebanese students remains the “binge drinking”. ConclusionIt would be interesting to propose interventions within the university. Talking groups could be settled to help them talking about their own consumption of alcohol.

Preventing risky driving: A novel and efficient brief intervention focusing on acknowledgement of personal risk factors

Impulsive personality is an important predictor of risky driving. Acknowledging their impulsive tendencies may help novice drivers to drive more safely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel brief intervention targeting novice drivers’ risky behavior in traffic, taking into account potential moderator effects. Driving school students (n=1866) were divided into an intervention group and a control group. The intervention consisted of a lecture and group work (1.5h). Subjects’ traffic offenses and crashes were monitored during the following year using police and traffic insurance fund databases. The groups were similar in their baseline characteristics. The intervention group had half as many speeding violations in the year following the intervention compared with the controls. The proportion of speeders was significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group in subgroups of subjects with medium cognitive abilities and low or medium BIS-11 impulsiveness levels. In alpha2A-adrenoceptor gene (ADRA2A) G allele carriers, general traffic risk and speeding decreased in response to the intervention, unlike in subjects with the CC genotype. It is concluded that brief interventions that are integrated into the driving education program and focus on personal psychological risk factors may be effective for improving traffic safety.

Dapoxetine for premature ejaculation

Importance of the field: Premature ejaculation (PE) is a common male sexual disorder which is associated with substantial personal and interpersonal negative psychological factors. Drug treatment of PE with an off-label antidepressant selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drug is common. The lack of an approved drug and total reliance on off-label treatment represents a substantial unmet treatment need.Areas covered in this review: Medline and the proceedings of major international and regional scientific meetings during the period 1994 – 2010 were searched for publications or abstracts using the word ‘dapoxetine’ in the title, abstract or keywords. This search was then manually cross-referenced for all papers. This review encompasses studies of dapoxetine pharmacokinetics, animal studies, human phase I, II and III efficacy and safety studies and drug-interaction studies. Dapoxetine is a potent SSRI, which is administered on demand 1 – 3 h before planned sexual contact. Dapoxetine is rapidly absorbed and eliminated, resulting in minimal accumulation and has dose-proportional pharmacokinetics, which are unaffected by multiple dosing. Dapoxetine 30 and 60 mg has been evaluated in five randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in 6,081 men aged ≥ 18 years. Outcome measures included stopwatch-measured intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), Premature Ejaculation Profile (PEP) items, clinical global impression of change (CGIC) in PE, and adverse events. Mean IELT, all PEP items and CGIC improved significantly with both doses of dapoxetine versus placebo (p < 0.001 for all). The most common adverse events included nausea, dizziness and headache, and evaluation of validated rated scales demonstrated no SSRI class-related effects with dapoxetine use.What the reader will gain: Readers will gain insight into the epidemiology, pathophysiology and contemporary drug treatment of premature ejaculation.Take home message: Dapoxetine, as the first drug developed for PE, is an effective and safe treatment for PE and represents a major advance in sexual medicine.

A path model investigating the influence of some personal–psychological factors on the career aspirations of police trainees: a perspective from Oyo State, Nigeria

The study sampled 246 police trainees’ (165 males and 81 females) career aspirations using a developed and tested model that provided a causal explanation on five personal–psychological variables. Data collection was done through the use of four valid and reliable instruments. The data were analysed using multiple regression and path analysis in order to estimate the coefficient of structural equations of the hypothesized model. Results from the analysis indicated that the most meaningful causal model was tenable. And that the five predicting variables accounted for 37.7% (direct effect) and 62.3% (indirect effect) of the variability in the criterion. The significant causal influence of the personal–psychological factors investigated suggested that career aspirations of police trainees could be predicted using the variables. The implications of the findings for counselling and police education in Nigeria are discussed.

Personal and Psychological Factors-Does it Impact the Choice of Advertising Medium?

Problem statement: Advertising is a multidimensional phenomenon that has been studied in several disciplines. It is one of the most fascinating phenomena in modern capitalist markets. It is pervasive, perplexing, multidimensional and unfathomably rich. The effectiveness of advertising depends on both the quality of the product being advertised and the quality of the ad itself and also the media context in which the ad appears. Personal factors (such as gender and age) and psychological factors (for example status and personality) may affect the choice of advertising medium. Consumers’ interest may change due to these factors. The analysis had proved that both factors do impact the choice of advertising medium. The study may help marketers, advertisers and businesses to create and come out with suitable advertisements that suits the interests of consumers’ derived from those factors. It may help them to choose suitable advertising media for different target market. The study searched for to find out whether personal and psychological factors have any impact to the choice of advertising medium. Approach: For this study purposes, questionnaires and copy testing had been used to addresses issues related to the effectiveness of each advertisement. About 100 printed questionnaires were distributed among respondents which comprised age from 18 years old and above where 30 respondents were tested for copy testing from all mediums, online and traditional where these respondents were given a series of all advertisements from newspaper, magazine, TV, radio, Internet, SMS and MMS. Results: The coefficient analysis showed that both personal and psychological factors had positive relationship with customer satisfaction. Between these two factors, personal factors had high level of significant relationship (p = 0.000) compared to psychological factors (p = 0.087). The analysis had proved that both factors do impact the choice of advertising medium. Conclusion: The study showed that both personal and psychological factors can lead consumers to choose different types of media. The study provided the insight to help businesses, advertisers and marketers to understand the best medium to suit the consumers’ interest.

Reflections on leukemia and adult stem-cell transplantation: Some personal psychological factors

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Physical Activities and Correlates of Clinical Nurses in Taipei Municipal Hospitals

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical activity profiles of clinical nurses in Taipei municipal hospitals. This study also explored the factors that influence physical activity, including personal background and social psychological factors. A total of 400 Taipei municipal hospital clinical nurses were selected using a randomized procedure to participate in a 3-day physical activity record assignment and fill in a structured questionnaire. Study results indicate that energy expenditure for clinical nurses on working days are higher than that on non-working days. Non-working days of clinical nurses are characterized by a lack of physical activity. Nurses who were required to take turns working in three shift rotation cycles, those with education at the junior college level or below, and those who were married tended to spend more energy on physical activity. Social psychological factors affecting the physical activities of clinical nurses include mainly exercise self-efficacy. Heavy work loading, poor health conditions, laziness, and lack of time tended to lower exercise self-efficacy. On non-working days, perceived barriers to exercise are the main issue area affecting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Nurses with greater perceived barriers to exercise spend less energy on physical activity. The main influencing factors for perceived barriers to exercise include laziness and lack of time.

Women's sexual dysfunction: revised and expanded definitions

Acceptance of an evidence-based conceptualization of women's sexual response combining interpersonal, contextual, personal psychological and biological factors has led to recently published recommendations for revision of definitions of women's sexual disorders found in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV-TR). DSM-IV definitions have focused on absence of sexual fantasies and sexual desire prior to sexual activity and arousal, even though the frequency of this type of desire is known to vary greatly among women without sexual complaints. DSM-IV definitions also focus on genital swelling and lubrication, entities known to correlate poorly with subjective sexual arousal and pleasure. The revised definitions consider the many reasons women agree to or instigate sexual activity, and reflect the importance of subjective sexual arousal. The underlying conceptualization of a circular sex-response cycle of overlapping phases in a variable order may facilitate not only the assessment but also the management of dysfunction, the principles of which are briefly recounted.

86-THE SCALES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPACITIES (SPC): MEASURING CHANGE IN PSYCHIC STRUCTURE

Students' academic performance is closely related to their personal psychological factors. The subtypes and heterogeneity of psychological profiles among nursing students has not been systematically examined.To identify subtypes of psychological profiles among nursing students using latent class analysis (LCA).A cross-sectional study design included 379 senior nursing undergraduate students aged 18–22 from three medical colleges in Shanghai. The subjects were investigated by Ruminative Responses Scale, Academic Burnout Scale and Psychological Capital Scale and were categorized into subtypes by LCA.Four latent classes were identified: Class 1 – General group; Class 2 – Negative psychological dominated group; Class 3 – Positive psychological dominated group; and Class 4 – Ambivalence psychological group. Students with higher exam failure rate were more likely to belong to Class 2. After adjusted for demographic variables, the subtypes of psychological profiles significantly correlated with academic performance.The significant heterogeneities were noted between psychological profile subtypes and academic performance among senior undergraduate nursing students.

温熱環境評価における言語選択法の有効性に関する検討 : 心理評価の抽出方法に関する研究(2)

The evaluation of positive level comfort, or pleasantness varies for each person. Personal psychological factors such as need and experience differ even if physical environment factors are controlled equally. It is a requisite for accurate evaluation to consider the dynamic human-environment system, and to grasp the variety of qualitative evaluation. In this study, a series of subjective experiments were conducted to consider the cognitive process and of the process of expression by words. In the experiments, subjects whose internal factors were controlled by the performance of two different mental tasks, evaluated the environment using the word-choice method proposed in a previous paper. The controlled environmental factors were air temperature, floor and ceiling surface temperatures and downward air velocity. As a result of this study, the validity of the word-choice method was confirmed, and it was revealed that the evaluation differed with the type of mental tasks performed and with the controlled thermal environmental factors.

Job Involvement: An Elusive Concept

The relationship of seven personal and seven job factors on job involvement were examined for a sample of 926 secondary school teachers. Multiple regression analyses gave no personal predictors but four job predictors (job satisfaction, job motivation, participation in decision making, and satisfaction with supervision) which together accounted for 28% of the variance in job involvement. When grouped, the relationships did not change: job-related variables but not personal-psychological factors influenced job involvement in this sample.