Personal Protection System Research Articles

NÃO HÁ FELICIDADE SEM AFLIÇÃO: IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DE PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS PESSOAIS E VALOR CORPORATIVO

ABSTRACT The commercial exploitation of personal information has raised concerns regarding privacy, illegal data use, and information security, among others. Therefore, personal data protection systems (PDPS) play a significant role, and corporations are the primary enforcers of these systems’ regulation. However, PDPS require significant investment from companies, and there is no consensus regarding the economic outcomes of establishing these systems. This study investigates whether the establishment of PDPS affects short-term financial performance and long-term corporate value. After applying the propensity score matching method, a dataset comprising 912 firm-year observations of e-commerce companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2008 to 2020 was selected. The results show that PDPS implementation can improve a company’s short-term financial performance by a) exploring markets and strengthening internal control and b) increase long-term corporate value by strengthening corporate social responsibility. This study offers insights for companies to proactively implement PDPS and strengthen their management of personal data, thereby boosting the overall corporate value. In addition, this study can help governments to develop legislation on national information security and enhance international cooperation, especially for emerging markets.

From energy storage to pathogen eradication: unveiling the antibacterial and antiviral capacities of flexible solid-state carbon cloth supercapacitors.

With the emergence of deadly viral and bacterial infections, preventing the spread of microorganisms on surfaces has gained ever-increasing importance. This study investigates the potential of solid-state supercapacitors as antibacterial and antiviral devices. We developed a low-cost and flexible carbon cloth supercapacitor (CCSC) with highly efficient antibacterial and antiviral surface properties. The CCSC comprised two parallel layers of carbon cloth (CC) electrodes assembled in a symmetric, electrical double-layer supercapacitor structure that can be charged at low potentials between 1 to 2 V. The optimized CCSC exhibited a capacitance of 4.15 ± 0.3 mF cm-2 at a scan rate of 100 mV s-1, high-rate capability (83% retention of capacitance at 100 mV s-1 compared to its value at 5 mV s-1), and excellent electrochemical stability (97% retention of the initial capacitance after 1000 cycles). Moreover, the CCSC demonstrated outstanding flexibility and retained its full capacitance even when bent at high angles, making it suitable for wearable or flexible devices. Using its stored electrical charge, the charged CCSC disinfects bacteria effectively and neutralizes viruses upon surface contact with the positive and negative electrodes. The charged CCSC device yielded a 6-log CFU reduction of Escherichia coli bacterial inocula and a 5-log PFU reduction of HSV-1 herpes virus. Antibacterial and antiviral carbon cloth supercapacitors represent a promising platform technology for various applications, including electronic textiles and electronic skins, health monitoring or motion sensors, wound dressings, personal protective equipment (e.g., masks) and air filtration systems.

Research on Personal Information Protection System from the Perspective of Civil Code

Research on Personal Information Protection System from the Perspective of Civil Code

브라질 개인정보보호법제와 EU GDPR의 입법적 조화

Recently, major countries and international organizations, including the European Union, are reforming their personal data protection system, which is understood to seek the reasonable balance between the protection of personal information and communication technologies that have developed rapidly over the past three decades. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), enacted by the EU in May 2016, is the world's most powerful privacy system now, and since the GDPR was enacted, EU trade partners have been actively striving to align their own data protection legislations with the GDPR by adopting and amending theirs to meet the global data protection standards. Brazil, as Latin America's economic giant, has also spent a long time finding the balance point between creating economic profits and protecting human rights under the pressure of mediating the conflicting values of using and protecting personal information. As a result of the conflict, the Brazilian General Data Protection Regulation(LGPD), affected by the EU GDPR, was passed on August 15, 2018 after eight years of discussion. This study began with questions about how specific the Brazilian LGPD was influenced by the European GDPR and how these two legislations were harmonized in the global society. We examined the system and status of Brazil's personal information legislation, as well as the legislative progress of the new legislation, and went on to conduct comparative legal reviews of the two legislations to find out the similarities and differences between them. Furthermore, we looked at the implications of Brazilian legislation for our legislation and sought compatibility between the value of privacy protection and the development of information technology.

50 percentile dummy movement analysis using TEMA Automotive software

The dynamic loads acting on passengers during road accidents depend not only on the vehicle structure, but also on the properties of the applied passenger and driver protection system. Two-point seat belts are the most frequently used personal protection system for adult passengers in bus vehicles. The paper investigates the thread of dynamic loads acting on the body of a 50 percentile dummy placed in an armchair equipped with two-point seat belts. In order to solve this problem, tests recorded with the Phantom v310 camera were used, the object of which was the Hybrid II 50th dummy, and the recording of the tests was carried out for three different collision speeds. The article presents the results of the crash tests obtained with the use of the TEMA Automotive program. Crash test analysis showing the displacement of the head and upper torso of the dummy located in the limited space between the bus-type seats indicates that standard seat belts do not provide sufficient protection. The article indicates the basis for further research and improvement of the personal protection system of passengers transported in minibuses and buses.

Исследование подходов к синтезу и детектированию клонированных голосов (DeepFake)

Modern methods of protecting personal information often uses the voice biometric data of the owner of the information to identify the user. When the owner of the information voices the passphrase, he confirms his identity. However, attackers take advantage of the imperfection of such systems and develop methods for voice cloning, to create a twinkly voice for a cyberattack on personal data protection systems. Within the framework of this article, an attempt is made to explore existing methods for detecting cloned voices in order to protect information and counteract cyberattacks. Also, to achieve results, detection systems will be tested on a sample of Russian-language voice recordings taken from open sources. A comparative assessment of existing approaches is carried out in terms of their practical applicability. In particular, the requirements for the occupied memory of a computing device, computational complexity, complexity in implementation and data collection for training were taken into account. In addition, an analysis of the existing prerequisites and trends for the use of voice synthesis and substitution systems was carried out, potential risks were described, and examples of possible damage from the theft of biometric data were given. An attempt was also made to describe the experimental procedure for evaluating the performance of the considered methods with specifying and clarifying conditions. The criteria for verification and validation of the results are set, which allow drawing conclusions about the efficiency of the systems.

Privacy Law Protection Based on the Information Security Assurance Algorithm.

With the continuous development of network technology, the production and lifestyle of human beings are also quietly changing. People find that the network makes life faster and more convenient and also makes our life more “transparent.” The openness, sharing, and convenience of the network make it easier to infringe on the privacy rights of others, bringing an unprecedented impact on traditional privacy protection. This paper studied information security assurance-related algorithms and built an information security assurance model. Through this model, some privacy violation events existing in the network today were analyzed. Then, a corresponding questionnaire was constructed according to some of the problems of these events. The questionnaire is mainly used for research on people of all age groups, mainly to study their understanding of relevant legal knowledge and their views on the law. A total of 188 valid questionnaires were collected in this survey. Only 37.23% people knew a lot about the law. Most of them learned it from the Internet, and they rarely learned about it from relevant books. About 70% people believe that the law plays a big role in privacy protection, and they will choose legal help if they encounter privacy violations. However, this is inconsistent with some data obtained from the information security assurance model. Through analysis, it can be seen that although they want legal help, they lack the relevant knowledge of the law, and they do not know whether the privacy of individuals has been violated. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen personal knowledge of privacy protection laws and improve the personal information legal protection and fair use system.

Physical strain while wearing personal radiation protection systems in interventional radiology.

ObjectivesMultiple studies show orthopedic health problems for medical staff due to wearing radiation protection aprons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the weight pressure on the shoulder as a marker of physical strain caused by different radiation-protection devices.MethodsFor the weight pressure measurement, a pressure sensor (OMD-30-SE-100N, OptoForce, Budapest, Hungary) placed on the left and right shoulder was used. Wearing different radiation protection systems the force measurement system was used to quantify the weight pressure. Measurements were acquired in still standing position and during various movements.ResultsA mean significant decreasing weight pressure on the shoulder between 74% and 84% (p<0.001) was measured, when the free-hanging radiation protection system was used in comparison to one-piece and two-piece radiation protection aprons and coats. Using two-piece radiation protection aprons, the weight pressure was significantly lower than that of one-piece radiation protection coats. If a belt was used for the one-piece radiation protection coat, the weight pressure on the shoulder was reduced by 32.5% (p = 0.003). For a two-piece radiation protection apron and a one-piece radiation protection coat (with and without belt) a significant different weight pressure distribution between the right and left shoulder could be measured.ConclusionsThe free-hanging radiation protection system showed a significant lower weight pressure in comparison to the other radiation protection devices. Apart from this, use of a two-piece radiation protection apron or addition of a belt to a radiation protection coat proved to be further effective options to reduce weight pressure.

Salt and surfactant coated filters with antiviral properties and low pressure drop for prospective SARS-CoV2 applications

The COVID-19 pandemic motivated research on antiviral filtration used in personal protective equipment and HVAC systems. In this research, three coating compositions of NaCl, Tween 20 surfactant, and NaCl-Tween 20 were examined on polypropylene spun-bond filters. The pressure drop, coverage, and crystal size of the coating methods and compositions were measured. Also, in vitro plaque assays of the Phi6 Bacteriophage on Pseudomonas syringae as a simulation of an enveloped respiratory virus was performed to investigate the antiviral properties of the coating. NaCl and NaCl-Tween 20 increased the pressure drop in the range of 40–50 Pa for a loading of 5 mg/cm2. Tween 20 has shown an impact on the pressure drop as low as 10 Pa and made the filter surface more hydrophilic which kept the virus droplets on the surface. The NaCl-Tween 20 coated samples could inactivate 108 plaque forming units (PFU) of virus in two hours of incubation. Tween 20 coated filters with loading as low as 0.2 mg/cm2 reduced the activity of 108 PFU of virus from 109 to 102 PFU/mL after 2 h of incubation. NaCl-coated samples with a salt loading of 15 mg/cm2 could not have antiviral properties higher than reducing the viral activity from 109 to 105 PFU/mL in 4 h of incubation.

Face recognition technologies: regulation problems in Ukraine

Keywords: biometric identification, personal data, video monitoring, facial recognition technology, artificial intelligence&#x0D; The technological trends of biometric technologies, the evolution of facial recognition technology (FRT), the algorithm of FRT, and the FRT scope, development and regulation are studied. The Kyiv School of Image Recognition developments and the legal basis for the application of FRT in Ukraine are analyzed, and the author’s definition of FRT used in real-time to identify, authenticate, and verify a person as a biometric system controlled by artificial intelligence (AI) is presented.The state of compliance with the legislation requirements on personal data protection in Ukraine, their legal protection during video surveillance, social effect (almost 30% of crimes are solved applying FRT, in areas where automatic video recording systemsare installed, the number of deaths has decreased by three times), reforms of the national personal data protection system is studied. Risks and challenges arising from the lack of proper regulation of FRT in Ukraine are identified, and their solutionsare suggested. It is concluded that the FRT is becoming an instrument of geopolitical influence. The field of AI inevitably becomes a sphere of both scientific and technological competition as well as military and political confrontation.The application of biometric technologies is now trending. It provides access to workplaces and network resources, protection of information, access to specific resources and security at airports. For example, e-business and e-state affairs operationsare only possible after following specific personal identification procedures. Biometric technologies are currently used in banking security, investment and other financialtransactions, as well as in retail, law enforcement, health care and social services.It should be noted that there are two vectors of FRT development in the world. The totalitarian path of mass surveillance, accompanied by equally active manipulation and abuse, and the democratic one, offering an application of FRT as an instrument to prevent the violation of fundamental human rights. At the same time, no one demands to abandon FRT completely. It is a question of assessing the risk of its impact on people’s lives. The remote biometric identification, in which the AI can contributeto unprecedented change, bears an extremely high risk of profound and undemocratic interference in people’s privacy. Specific ways of using technology can benefit society and individuals, while others may have negative consequences. For FRT to be used to benefit and serve people, there are social and legal, primarily in the personal data protection system, and ethical norms.

Information Technologies for Occupational Health and Safety

This document describes the new technological alternatives in personal protection systems and equipment proposed and implemented in industries due to the current COVID-19 pandemic. System developments include devices that employ Machine Vision database connectivity and act as support for controlling workers' industrial safety. Advances in personal protective equipment include modern materials with better performance, strength, and benefits for its users. An exhaustive review of scientific articles was carried out in which current developments in the two themes raised are presented and have been reflected and described in this document. It is concluded that the use of Vision and Artificial Intelligence is more frequent for the control of industrial security and is better adapted and aligned with Industry 4.0, allowing the acquisition of data, transmission, and storage in databases of information.

Research on Personal Information Protection System of E-commerce Platform Users

With the rapid development of information technology, E-commerce has gradually become an important way for people to obtain needed goods and services. At the same time, the operation mode of E-commerce platform determines that it will have access to a large number of users' personal information. If such information is leaked, it will have a great impact on users' property rights and personal rights. This paper focuses on improving the compliance work of E-commerce platform enterprises, and puts forward detailed suggestions on the compliance work of E-commerce platform operators' personal information from the perspective of system construction and compliance operation, which is conducive to E-commerce platforms' compliance work in the era of personal information protection.

A glass half full look at the Brazilian Data Protection Authorithy

In any data protection system, the regulatory institution – called the National Data Protection Authority – plays a substantial role. In Brazil, this institution was created in a different way from what had originally been expected. Therefore, the legal literature started to criticize it and to doubt its ability to satisfactorily exercise its regulatory powers. Even before the Brazilian general data protection act came into effect, a major opinion was formed around the idea that, in its current structure, the Brazilian Data Protection Authority (BDPA) would fail. The author of this paper intends to provide a different view on the subject. Amid the uncertainty, he opted for looking at the glass “half full” instead of seeing it “half-empty”. He highlights that even in its current format the BDPA is remarkable progress and could be very useful to the Brazilian personal data protection system. After all, more important than the structure of the regulatory body are its capacities and how they will be exercised in practice. To provide this text with a scientific basis, the author conducted a structuralist analysis drawing a comparison between the Brazilian Data Protection Authority and the equivalent institution in Uruguay (URCDP), which has a very similar structure and has been carrying out its duties with success for over a decade. In the end it was possible to demonstrate that the initial structure of the BDPA is not a barrier that could prevent it from carrying on its duties. Therefore, it is prudent to trust the BDPA and monitor how it will operate.

Personal Data Protection Policy Impact on the Company Development

This research paper deals with identifying the basic prerequisites for the IT companies’ development in terms of tightening requirements for personal data protection. The article aimed at assessing the impact of personal data protection policy on the company development through the assessment of the efficiency of the use of intangible assets. The following methods were used in achieving this aim: comparative analysis, the method of horizontal analysis of company performance, correlation and regression analysis, graphical analysis, as well as the method of expert survey of the impact of macro-environmental factors on the company profitability level. It is established that the degree of personal data protection of customers of IT companies directly affects the financial performance of companies and contributes to the development of IT companies. The article proves that poorly developed personal data protection system of Ukrainian companies is related to the regulatory framework of the creation and registration of personal databases. The main world trends in the development of personal data protection were identified through the study of the provisions of international policy frameworks as compared to the legislation of Ukraine. The main area of application of the results obtained by the author are IT companies, in particular in the management of profitability in the context of strengthening the personal data protection. The obtained results are a contribution to scientific achievements in the field of personal data protection and business development for Central European countries. This is primarily due to the novel research objective.

A review on fibrous materials for body armor application

The emergence of novel materials every day, has developed interest worldwide in conducting more intense research in the field of materials and their development, especially in polymer-based composites that possess numerous promising properties (e.g., lighter weight, greater strength, impact resistant, and superior flexural strength) as compared to the other available materials. One of the most important applications is their utilization in the body armor for the soldiers. To protect the soldiers on the battlefield, the body armor has been utilized in personal protection system since very ancient times. To protect security personnel from a variety of ballistic risk during military conflicts and protecting soldiers or security personnel from handgun threats, the Kevlar fibres are the most common and largely used material because of high impact resistance, outstandingly high strength, stiffness to weight ratios and low weight. Kevlar aramid fibers are used widely in defence, aeronautical, bioengineering or medical and automotive industries. The investigation of ballistic application of kevlar fiber with reinforced composites and their development is an important research field. A review of kevlar composites and the ballistic impact on it, is presented in current paper. This paper concludes with the succinct evaluation of the future scopes of work in the field of reinforced-fiber composite for armour applications.

Dangers and risks of personal data loss

The success of a company depends in many ways on its attitude to the personal data being handled. A failure in the personal data protection system can lead to irreparable consequences. The article describes the main dangers and risks of personal data loss, both for individuals and for companies, and provides recommendations for employees dealing with clients’ personal data.

The effects of humidity and temperature on the lanyards performance

The lanyard is a component of personal fall protection systems which is connecting the body holding device at a reliable anchorage point. To ensure user’s safety, the lanyard must retain its protective properties during the whole service period. Because of the diversity of working environments that) the lanyards are used in, they tend to be often more affected by risk factors than any other component of the system. This study discusses the most frequent types of risk factors (such as humidity and heat) and their effect on the breaking strength of different types of lanyards. The results of the study show that each additional risk factor significantly decreases the mechanical strength of the lanyards which can lead to the creation of unfavorable conditions in the event of a fall. Conclusions on the main causes of the loss of the protective properties of lanyards are drawn and on the need for evaluation criterion according to which should be decided whether to continue or not the use of the lanyards.

Compatibility of the EU and Georgian Personal Data Protection Regimes and Data Transfer

The work discusses Personal Data Protection system under the European Union law, also Personal Data Protection in Georgia and the compatibility of those two regimes. Moreover, there were men- tioned ways how Georgia can adopt regulations and harmonize its legislation, to be compatible with the European Union Personal Data Protection regime. The work emphasized efforts of Georgia on the path of developing its Personal Data Protection system. The many citizens of Georgia don’t even have a knowledge that their Personal Data has to be defended. Although, the court practice of Georgia revealed good developing signs in this field. If before there were not any cases concerning personal data protection, today we have some good decisions regarding the personal data protection. The data transfer between the European Union and Georgia, is also implemented in the Association Agreement between the European Union and Georgia. Here as well has to be mentioned that the Association Agreement was the greatest step for Georgia, it was the great opportunity to harmonize Georgian Personal Data system with a European. Step by step, Georgia is straining to become a member of the European Union. Thus, this work is a look through past and future of Georgian and EU relations in the field of Personal Data system.

Personalization of a Human Body Model Using Subject-Specific Dimensions for Designing Clothing Patterns

Virtual human body models contribute to designing safe and user-friendly products through virtual prototyping. Anthropometric biomechanical models address different physiques using average dimensions. In designing, e.g., personal protective equipment, orthopedic tools, or vehicle safety systems, biomechanical models with the correct geometry and shape shall play a role. The presented study shows the variations of subject-specific anthropometric dimensions from the average of the different population groups in the Czech Republic and China as a background for the need for personalized human body models. The study measures a set of dimensions used to design clothing patterns of Czech children, Czech adolescents, Czech adults, and Chinese adults and compares them to the corresponding age average, which is represented by a scaled anthropometric human body model. The cumulative variation of the dimensions used to design the clothing patterns increases the further the population group is from the average. It is smallest for the Czech adults at 7.54 ± 6.63%; Czech adolescents report 7.93 ± 6.25%; Czech children differ be 9.52 ± 6.08%. Chinese adults report 10.86 ± 11.11%. The variations from the average of the particular dimensions used to design clothing patterns prove the necessity of having personalized subject-specific models. The measured dimensions used to design the clothing patterns serve as the personalization of particular body segments and lead to a subject-specific virtual model. The developed personalization algorithm results in the continuous body surface desired for contact applications for assessing body behavior and injury risk under impact loading.

Energy and environmental sustainability of waste personal protective equipment (PPE) treatment under COVID-19

Combating the COVID-19 pandemic has raised the demand for and disposal of personal protective equipment in the United States. This work proposes a novel waste personal protective equipment processing system that enables energy recovery through producing renewable fuels and other basic chemicals. Exergy analysis and environmental assessment through a detailed life cycle assessment approach are performed to evaluate the energy and environmental sustainability of the processing system. Given the environmental advantages in reducing 35.42% of total greenhouse gas emissions from the conventional incineration and 43.50% of total fossil fuel use from landfilling processes, the optimal number, sizes, and locations of establishing facilities within the proposed personal protective equipment processing system in New York State are then determined by an optimization-based site selection methodology, proposing to build two pre-processing facilities in New York County and Suffolk County and one integrated fast pyrolysis plant in Rockland County. Their optimal annual treatment capacities are 1,708 t/y, 8,000 t/y, and 9,028 t/y. The proposed optimal personal protective equipment processing system reduces 31.5% of total fossil fuel use and 35.04% of total greenhouse gas emissions compared to the personal protective equipment incineration process. It also avoids 41.52% and 47.64% of total natural land occupation from the personal protective equipment landfilling and incineration processes.