Personal Political Views Research Articles

Political Discourse and Ideological Polarisation in the Narrative of the Tintin Comics

The inherent nature of the graphic novel to engage with a wide range and number of recipients makes the Tintin Comics an immensely popular work of literature, being a popular example of European comics. A combination of Hergé’s personal political views, strict ideological instructions from initial publishers Le Petit Vingtième and the political landscape of Europe during the time the comics was written, paved the way for the political narrative of the series. A closer inspection of the diverse narratives of the series exposes a world-view of the creator and politically influenced character arcs of all the major members of the storyline. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the major aspects that governed European politics during the 20th Century and the effect the conflicts that several of these opposing ideologies had on the continent and the world. This paper also discusses the way the Tintin comics, in concern with the themes of imperialism and colonialism, communism, totalitarianism (fascism and dictatorships) and anti-Americanism through relatable characterisation of worldly issues that struck a chord with the readers, regardless of age and generation.

Об эволюции индейских сообществ Северо-Западного побережья (советско-американская дискуссия и ее продолжение)

The article is devoted to the discussion among Soviet and U.S. scholars about the social organization of the Indians of the Northwest Coast of North America. In the classic textbooks on “primitive history”, the Indians of this region—the Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian and Kwakwaka’wakw (Kwakiutl)—are mentioned as examples of a high degree of social differentiation based on a (fishing and maritime) foraging economy and even as instances of pre-state structures. The proposed concepts were, to varying degrees, determined by external factors: personal political views, high-profile events, or government pressure. In 1897, Franz Boas recognized the potlatch ceremony—demonstrative exchanges of gifts and destructions of surplus, a practice exotic to Europeans—as an analogue of a credit operation. This interpretation, not empirically substantiated, originated from a public campaign to legalize potlatch. In the 1930s, Julia Averkieva, a Soviet intern of Boas, interpreted some fragments of her mentor’s teaching through the Marxist class theory framework, shifting the emphasis from potlatch to slavery: the Northwest Indians allegedly began the transition to slavery from a classless system in which the potlatch was an instrument for preserving property equality. Averkieva’s interpretation became canonical in the USSR, whilst also finding some reception outside the socialist camp. In the United States, relativistic cultural interpretations dominated; domestic evolutionary Marxist models were marginal and were not rooted in the Soviet tradition. However, after the collapse of the USSR, they also became part of the research mainstream, being criticized not only from the right, but also from the left—from anarchist viewpoints.

The History Bubble

The History Bubble

Not in My Backyard: Personal Politics and Resident Attitudes toward Tourism

This research looks at the relationship between political libertarianism and personal self-interest, as informed by the concept of NIMBYism (not-in-my-backyard) that underlies much of the resident attitude toward tourism literature. Based on a comprehensive survey of more than 500 residents from Charleston, South Carolina, a city heavily dependent on tourism, the research determined, as the literature would predict, that general views toward tourism were highly dependent on where one lives. However, for specific tourism issues, one’s personal political views tended to trump geography. Application of theory and suggestions for tourism policy makers are provided.

Viewpoints in indexing term assignment

The literature on assigned indexing considers three possible viewpoints—the author's viewpoint as evidenced in the title, the users' viewpoint, and the indexer's viewpoint—and asks whether and which of those views should be reflected in an indexer's choice of terms to assign to an item. We study this question empirically, as opposed to normatively. Based on the literature that discusses whose viewpoints should be reflected, we construct a research model that includes those same three viewpoints as factors that might be influencing term assignment in actual practice. In the unique study design that we employ, the records of term assignments made by identified indexers in academic libraries are cross‐referenced with the results of a survey that those same indexers completed on political views. Our results indicate that in our setting, variance in term assignment was best explained by indexers' personal political views. © 2019 ASIS&T

States’ Rights to Protect Gun-Owning Patients from Politicized Physician Speech

Recent mass shootings place patients’ gun rights in the public spotlight and may lead some physicians to discriminate against or harass law-abiding, gun-owning patients by expressing personal political views on gun ownership inside the patient-physician relationship in ways unrelated to patients’ medical care. Politicized physician gun speech is subject to regulation by state licensing authorities using their police powers, and laws compelling physician silence regarding non-medical gun advice are within States’ rights under the U.S. Constitution — including laws prohibiting physicians from discriminating against their lawful, gun-owning patients, from harassing those patients, and/or from making unnecessary inquiries or notations in their medical records.

Psychiatry and Politics: Can They Mix?

Psychiatry and Politics: Can They Mix?

THE WAYS OF CREATING AND DESCRIBING THE CONFLICT IN facebook accounts OF THE WELL-KNOWN RUSSIAN POLITICAL JOURNALISTS

The article studies the features of the Facebook accounts of Russian journalists with various political commitment which were presented in the social network in October of 2017. The author describes some of the most frequent language means used by the authors to create and describe the conflict in the Internet texts. The analysis of the texts of Russian journalists’ accounts in the social network allowed to reveal the frequent usage by the authors of the colloquial, slang and invective vocabulary; rows of homogeneous parts of the sentence; interrogative and exclamatory sentences. The article describes the use of textual means of the conflict situation explication (precedent phenomena, enclosing within quotation marks the semantically important speech utterances, quotation). The paper presents a brief description of the rhetorical techniques used by the authors to create and describe the conflict: irony, hint, rhetorical question, question-answer complex, etc. On the basis of the material of Russian political journalists’ Internet accounts the article describes text implementation and pragmatic impact on the opponents (including fictional) of such communication strategies and speech tactics as dialogue with the opponents; self-presentation strategy manifested in the tactics of distancing or unity; strategy of discredit and attack; tactics of criticism. The following methods of analysis were used: descriptive, comparative, method of content-semantic analysis, linguistic and pragmatic, rhetorical. The research comes to the conclusion that the ways of creating and describing the conflict in coverage of a topical political event are influenced primarily by the personal political views of individual journalists. The core idea is the fixation of a professional journalist on creative self-realization, the formation of his own Internet audience and maintaining in this way the interest of Russian-speaking Internet users not only to certain political events, but also to the personality of the journalist himself.

A Man of Contention: Martin Plessner (1900–1973) and His Encounters with the Orient

AbstractThe case of German-Jewish orientalist Martin Meir Plessner (1900–1973) presents an opportunity to explore the transplant of Oriental Studies from Germany to Palestine/Israel in the wake of post-Saidian historiography of German Orientalism. Studying and teaching in Germany, the young Plessner’s encounter with the Orient, Arabs and Arabic was mainly a textual one. Following the Nazi rise to power in 1933, he immigrated to Palestine, transforming detached oriental scholarship into a physical encounter at the heart of the emerging Arab-Jewish conflict, on which Plessner held firm dovish-leftist views. This article examines how this spatial shift influenced Plessner’s personal political views; his scholarly and professional work; and above all, the link between the two. Science and politics, this article claims, continued to exist as two unchanging separate spheres for Plessner. Nevertheless, life in the Orient rendered collisions between the two worlds unavoidable, with ramifications on Plessner’s career and personal life. His refusal to let political considerations penetrate the professional sphere may be seen as an expression of his unwavering devotion to the German

Anti-Whaling Activism in the Southern Ocean and the International Law on Piracy: An Evaluation of the Requirement to Act for Private Endss and its Applicability to Sea Shepherd Conservation Society

This thesis follows recent judicial precedent on the interpretation of acting for ‘private ends’, and whether politically motivated actors are excluded by such a requirement within the international law definition of piracy. Conflicting interpretations have developed within the academic community, with the majority holding such actors are excluded - contrary to the Sea Shepherd decision. The article attempts to resolve this dispute through a thorough analysis of the term ‘private ends’. The application of treaty interpretation rules is followed by an in depth examination of the term’s history through international codification. State practice is examined in an attempt to resolve the ambiguities found. Finally the rationale of universal jurisdiction underlying the international definition of piracy is explored, in order to answer whether such actors should be excluded from piracy under international law. The article argues that a purely political ends exception was developed, but its application beyond insurgents was never resolved. Limited state practice has ensured such ambiguity survived. Nevertheless given international piracy aims to provide universal jurisdiction over violence between vessels at sea, the article argues violent actors should not be excluded based solely on their political motives. Instead the limited (but growing) precedent of equating ‘private ends’ to a lack of state sanctioning should be followed. To do otherwise would allow personal political views justify the infringement of principles fundamental to the freedom of the seas.

National Emotional Climate and Personal Political Views in Grenada, with Regional Comparisons

We examined the association of national emotional climate to personal political views in 159 Grenadian citizens. Grenadians completed five national emotional climate scales: Anger at Government, Fear, Hopeless-Insecurity, Security and Social Trust. We also measured the following personal political views: desire to emigrate, confidence in nonviolent protest and willingness to surrender freedom. Anger at Government and Security predicted desire to emigrate and Security predicted confidence in non-violent protest; national emotional climate scores and willingness to surrender freedom were unrelated. Grenadians were less angry at government, less fearful, and less hopeless-insecure as well as more secure and more socially trusting than Colombians and Costa Ricans, but less secure and more hopeless-insecure than US respondents. Grenadians expressed a relatively positive national emotional climate with few signs of collectively held emotions that might precipitate further emigration and renewed civil unrest. We offer suggestions for future research on national emotional climate in Grenada and the Caribbean generally.

How Christians reconcile their personal political views and the teachings of their faith: Projection as a means of dissonance reduction

The present study explores the dramatic projection of one's own views onto those of Jesus among conservative and liberal American Christians. In a large-scale survey, the relevant views that each group attributed to a contemporary Jesus differed almost as much as their own views. Despite such dissonance-reducing projection, however, conservatives acknowledged the relevant discrepancy with regard to “fellowship” issues (e.g., taxation to reduce economic inequality and treatment of immigrants) and liberals acknowledged the relevant discrepancy with regard to “morality” issues (e.g., abortion and gay marriage). However, conservatives also claimed that a contemporary Jesus would be even more conservative than themselves on the former issues whereas liberals claimed that Jesus would be even more liberal than themselves on the latter issues. Further reducing potential dissonance, liberal and conservative Christians differed markedly in the types of issues they claimed to be more central to their faith. A concluding discussion considers the relationship between individual motivational processes and more social processes that may underlie the present findings, as well as implications for contemporary social and political conflict.

A randomized experiment of issue framing and voter support of tax increases for health insurance expansion

To assess the effect of issue framing on voter support of tax increases for health insurance expansion. During October 2008, a random sample of registered voters (n=1203) were randomized to a control and two different 'framing' groups prior to being asked about their support for tax increases. The 'framing' groups listened to one of two statements: one emphasized the externalities or negative effects of the uninsured on the insured, and the other raised racial and ethnic disparities in health insurance coverage as a problem. All groups were asked the same questions: would they support tax increases to provide adequate and reliable health insurance for three groups, (1) all American citizens, (2) all children, irrespective of citizenship, and (3) all military veterans. Support for tax increases varied substantially depending on which group benefited from the expansion. Consensus on coverage for military veterans was highest (83.3%), followed by all children, irrespective of citizenship (64.7%), and all American citizens (60.1%). There was no statistically significant difference between voter support in the 'framing' and control groups or between the two frames. In multivariable analyses, political party affiliation was the strongest predictor of support. Voters agree on the need for coverage of military veterans, but are less united on the coverage of all children and American citizens. Framing was less important than party affiliation, suggesting that voters consider coverage expansions and related tax increases in terms of the characteristics of the targeted group, and their own personal political views and values rather than the broader impact of maintaining the status quo.

Political journalists' political and professional values

Research in various countries has shown that journalists are politically inclined to the left rather than the right However, little attention has been paid to political journalists’ values. This study draws on the results of a national survey to explore the political views of Australian journalists who specialise in politics, while also evaluating the journalists’ background characteristics and professional values. It is found that political journalists are more likely to come from an elite background and to be more professional in outlook. They are, however, less concerned with some ethical principles. Political journalists are more left‐wing in their political views and more likely to vote Labor. Canberra political journalists are more professional, more likely to vote Labor and more left‐leaning than are other political journalists. Pro‐Labor bias cannot be proven from these findings, and it has been argued that journalists’ professional commitments override personal political views. On the other hand,...