Personal Mobile Phones Research Articles

A cross-sectional comparison of breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and perceived partners\u2019 support among expectant couples in Mekelle, Ethiopia

BackgroundBreastfeeding is considered the biological norm and essential to reduce infant morbidity and mortality. Mothers are responsible for breastfeeding but the support of others, including their partners is an influential determinant. The aim of this study was to compare antenatal breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and perceived breastfeeding support of expectant couples in Mekelle, Ethiopia.MethodsAs part of a randomised controlled trial of an mHealth intervention, 128 couples in their third trimester from three selected health centres in Mekelle city were recruited to participate between September and October 2018. Couples who each had a personal mobile phone, read and spoke Tigrigna, and lived together were included. Baseline data on breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and perceived support (breastfeeding savvy, help, appreciation, presence and responsiveness) were collected using previously validated tools through interview by health workers.ResultsCompared to mothers, male partners were more likely to indicate their intention to provide breastfeeding appreciation (p = 0.02), breastfeeding presence (p = 0.002), and breastfeeding responsiveness (p = 0.04). The mothers’ prenatal perception of their partners’ intended breastfeeding support was lower than fathers’ perceptions to support their partners. Multiparous mothers had more positive perceptions regarding their partners’ breastfeeding savvy (p = 0.03), and breastfeeding help (p = 0.02) compared to primiparous mothers.ConclusionsFathers in Ethiopia are potentially strong supporters of breastfeeding practice. Future breastfeeding interventions should promote the involvement of fathers in breastfeeding and encourage mothers to increase their partners’ involvement in breastfeeding.

Система маркирования документов для проведения расследований при их утечке

This paper presents a confidential text documents leakage investigation system, focused on leak channels by documents printing and screen photographing. Internal intruders may print confidential document, take paper copy out of protected perimeter, make document image by scanner and perform anonymous leak. Also, intruders may take a photo of printed confidential document or displayed on workstation screen using personal mobile phone. Described leakage channels are weakly covered by traditional DLP systems that are usually used by enterprises for confidential information leak protection. Digital watermark (DWM) embedding is chosen as a document protection mechanism by implying changing of document image visual representation. In case of confidential document anonymous leak embedded DWM would enable the employee to determine what leak intentionally or by security protocol violation. System architecture consists of different type components. Employees’ workstation components provide DWM embedding into documents, which are sent for printing or displayed on screen. Information about watermark embedding is sent to a remote server that aggregates marking facts and provides it to security officer during investigation. Text document marking algorithms are developed, which embed DWM into printed and displayed on screen documents. Screen watermark is embedded into interline space interval, information is encoded by sequence of lightened and darkened spaces. DWM embedding into printed documents is implemented by three algorithms: horizontal and vertical shift based, font fragments brightness changing based. Algorithms testing methodology is developed in view of the production environment, that helped to evaluate the application area of algorithms. Besides, intruder model was formulated, system security was evaluated and determined possible attack vectors.

Evaluating the Readiness of Mobile Technology with Respect to e-Heath for Medication in Saudi Arabia: An Integrative Perspective.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the readiness of Saudi Arabian patients towards the adoption of the e-health system through the use of mobile phones.MethodsIn this research, a cross-sectional survey was carried out using a self-administered structured questionnaire. According to the results, 354 people viewed the questionnaire and 129 respondents were selected to assess the adoption of the e-health system in Saudi Arabia. The data were collected during February–March 2020.ResultsMore than half of the respondents (63.6%) were women and almost half of the participants (48.0%) were married. Most of the surveyed patients suffered from cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Almost all the participants (99.0%) had their personal mobile phone and used the Internet on these devices. Most of the participants did not trust or believe in online health services or online medical consultations and did not spend money on contracting health services through mobile phones. It is suggested that the lack of motivation to adopt the e-health system may be due to fear of privacy violations, fear of loss of personal data and information, lack of technical support, and mistrust in doctors who frequently use their cell phones to distract themselves during work-hours.ConclusionThe results of this study revealed that the population of Saudi Arabia is reluctant to adopt the electronic e-health system promoted in the Saudi Vision 2030 strategic plan. To change this behavior, it is necessary to develop awareness campaigns and strategies that suggest the importance of using e-heath in the Saudi Arabian healthcare system. Additionally, it is essential that the network administrator implement procedures to protect the confidentiality and security of patients’ medical records.

Bacteriophages as Surrogate Marker for Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Ultraviolet Radiation to Prevent COVID-19 Transmission.

Sir, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of COVID-19 transmits through aerosols, body fluid or by the fomites present around the infected individuals.[1] The ultraviolet (UV) radiation may be effectively used to limit the transmission of COVID-19. However, it must be maintained and monitored regularly to provide sufficient lethal dose. The bacteriophages may be used as indicator to monitor the lethal intensity of UV source for viruses. In the present study, Acinetobacter phage AIIMS-Ab6 [Figure 1a] active against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus phage BHU-22, active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were used. These phages (106 plaque-forming units/ml) were exposed to UV of 254 wavelength, 400 mW/m2 intensity for 0, 5, 10, and 15 min and spotted on their respective bacterial lawn, and incubated overnight at 37°C to observe the lytic zones. The AIIMS-Ab6 and BHU-22 phages showed inactivation on 10 min and 5 min of UV exposure, respectively [Figure 1b and c].Figure 1: (a) The Acinetobacter phage AIIMS-Ab6. (b) Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bacterial lawn showing inactivation of phage on 10 and 15 min of ultraviolet exposure. (c) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacterial lawn showing no lysis by bacteriophage after 5, 10, and 15 min of ultraviolet exposureThe UV radiation does not produce any physical or chemical damage to the objects.[2] The combined UVA and UVC exposure completely inactivated the SARS-CoV-2 viral stock,[3] and UV light was also found suitable to disinfect the high touch area of the hospital surfaces.[4] Therefore, we conclude that UV radiation is an effective mean to deactivate the model viruses; bacteriophage and strongly propose to apply the UV radiation of 254 wavelength, 400 mW/m2 intensity for 15 min, as disinfectant over COVID-19 exposed surfaces, hospital records, equipment, reusable personal protective equipment, handheld devices, and mobile phones to reduce the transmission of this deadly disease and to use the bacteriophages as surrogate marker to monitor the effective UV dose. Research Quality and Ethics Statement The authors followed applicable EQUATOR Network (http://www.equator-network.org/) guidelines, notably the CARE guideline, during the conduct of this report. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest. Acknowledgment The authors are thankful to Dr. Gopal Nath, Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.

Construction of online practice tests to check the acquisition of idiomatic expressions with colours

Idioms are metaphorical expressions that cannot be translated literally. They are widely used in English because they make everyday speech more interesting and entertaining for native speakers. It is assumed that there are about twenty-five thousand idiomatic expressions in English and one of the most common thematic areas for idioms is colour. Idiomatic expressions are a fun way to enhance the vocabulary and cultural knowledge of learners of English. However, mastering these expressions cause difficulties for students not only because their meaning is not deductible from the meanings of the words comprising it, but also due to the different meaning of colours in the cultures around the world. For instance, purple is usually connected with aristocracy, affluence, and piousness across the globe but in Thailand and Brazil it is the colour of bereavement. In this article we have described an approach to check the acquisition of idiomatic expressions and facilitate their long-term retention by using online practice tests. These tests are designed by the teacher and taken by students on their personal computers or mobile phones at their own convenience. Furthermore, specifically developed criteria for test construction are listed together with typical test questions based on them. Examples of test items are presented to illustrate the process of test creation. Finally, an appendix of a selection of the most widely used idiomatic expressions with colours is compiled.

Improved performance of Mn-, Co-based oxides from spent lithium-ion batteries supported on CeO2 with different morphologies for 2-ethoxyethyl acetate oxidation

Faced with a large amount of spent lithium-ions batteries from new energy vehicles and portable electronic devices such as personal computers and mobile phones. If they are not treated properly, they would not only result in serious environmental pollution but also lead to the loss of valuable resources like Co and Li. At present, most of researchers mainly focused on the metal recovery via hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical method. In this work, manganese-based metal oxides (MnOx(SY), MnOx(MS)) and cobalt-based oxides (CoOx(GS)) are synthesized using manganese and cobalt-based metals recovered from spent ternary, manganate and cobaltate lithium-ion batteries as a precursor, respectively. A series of supported multi-metal oxides were prepared by supporting 10% (wt) of MnOx(SY), MnOx(MS) and CoOx(GS) on CeO2 with different morphologies via impregnation method. The catalytic activities of the metal oxides during the oxidation of 2-ethoxyethyl acetate are investigated. The results obtained show that MnOx(MS)/CeO2-C, MnOx(SY)/CeO2-C and CoOx(GS)/CeO2-P have better catalytic performances due to their excellent physicochemical properties compared to the MnOx(SY), MnOx(MS), CoOx(GS), CeO2-R, CeO2-P, CeO2-C, MnOx(MS)/CeO2-R, MnOx(MS)/CeO2-P, MnOx(SY)/CeO2-R, MnOx(SY)/CeO2-P, CoOx(GS)/CeO2-R, CoOx(GS)/CeO2-C. In-situ diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy results prove that gaseous O2 plays a vital role in facilitating the complete oxidation of intermediates such as ‒C˭O, ‒COO, ‒C‒O‒C, ‒C‒O into CO2 during 2-ethoxyethyl acetate oxidation. Furthermore, thermal desorption/gas chromatography-mass spectrometer results show that the main by-products obtained during 2-ethoxyethyl acetate oxidation are ethanol,2-methoxy-; ethanol, 2-methoxy-, acetate and acetic acid.

Impact of Women Empowerment on Infant Mortality Rate – Spatial Lag and Error Regression Model

Background: Despite significant progress in recent decade, the burden of infant mortality in India remains high. As women is the main caregiver to the infant, women empowerment may be the important determinant of infant mortality rate which has received little attention. Therefore, the current study was planned to study the impact of women empowerment on infant mortality and to find the best fit regression model to predict infant mortality rate in various states of India.
 Methods: The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2015-16 data was used and infant mortality rate in various states and union territories of India was mapped. Regression analysis was performed with infant mortality rate as the dependent variable. The exploratory variables (Percentages) used for women empowerment were the literacy among women, women who opted for institutional delivery, women owning a house and/or land (alone or jointly with others), women having a bank or saving account and women having mobile phone that they themselves used. Ordinary Least Square Regression and spatial lag and error regression models were applied. Infant mortality rates predicted by using the best fit model were mapped.
 Results: Institutional delivery, owning a bank account and availability of personal mobile phone showed statistically significant inverse relation with infant mortality rate. Out of three regression models, spatial lag regression model was found to be the best fit model to predict infant mortality rate. The northern and eastern states were predicted to have highest infant mortality rate.
 Conclusion: As northern and eastern states were predicted to have highest infant mortality rate, further studies at individual level may be planned to find out the factors in these regions.

Risky sexual behaviour amidst predicament of acceptable sexually transmitted infection partner notification modalities: A cross-sectional survey amongst minibus taxi drivers in Gauteng Province, South Africa.

BackgroundSexually transmitted infection patient-initiated partner notification (PN) approach has been implemented over a decade in South Africa, however, use and update by patients has been limited. This study assessed the perceived use of patient-initiated PN by using referral slips and measured the level of acceptability of provider-initiated PN by using short message service (SMS) to the personal mobile phones of sexual partners.MethodsA formative evaluation approach using a quantitative survey amongst 722 minibus taxi drivers in nine major taxi ranks in Tshwane Municipality, Gauteng Province. STATA IC version 13 was used for data analyses.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 37.2 years (59%) were single, 59.5% had multiple sexual partners, 52.2% did not use a condom during the last sexual act, 42.8% reported inconsistent use of condoms and 65% tested for HIV in the past 12 months. The majority (98.2%) understood the importance of PN, but 51% would prefer telling a sexual partner face to face. Perceived easiness of delivering a PN slip was 69.1%, and 93% would use a PN slip received from a partner. Acceptability of provider-initiated PN by using an SMS was 62.7% and about a third (32.5%) were not in favour of provider-initiated PN by SMS. Twenty four point 7 percent (24.7%) preferred patient-initiated PN and 24.3% preferred provider-initiated PN.ConclusionPreferred patient-initiated and provider-initiated PN was almost equal, hence, the provider-initiated PN should be augmented to support the current patient-initiated PN to increase the overall STI notification.

Are health care workers following preventive practices in the COVID-19 pandemic properly? - A cross-sectional survey from India

Background and aimsHealth care workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of getting infected with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and suboptimal preventive practices have been identified as an important risk factor in this regard. This study was done to evaluate the preventive practices being followed by health care workers and identify reasons for suboptimal compliance. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was done in HCWs belonging to various occupational roles and socio-cultural backgrounds across India through online platforms and telephonic interviews from July 30, 2020 to August 30, 2020. A scientifically designed and pre-validated questionnaire with good validity (CVR = 0.87, S-CVI/Av = 0.978) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient = 0.85) was used. ResultsThe responses of 956 participants were analysed. Various suboptimal practices like touching outer surface of masks, lack of social distancing in cafeteria and duty rooms, inability to wash hands for adequate duration and properly follow steps of hand hygiene, inability to don and doff PPE properly, carrying PPE to duty rooms before completely doffing, use of personal mobile phones during duty and improper sleep were identified. Lack of knowledge, long duty hours, shortage of PPE, high patient workload, and casual attitude regarding own safety were identified as important barriers. Resident doctors and paramedical staff in the age group 18–30 years reported lower adherence. ConclusionsSuboptimal compliance in preventive practices like handling PPE, distancing in cafeteria/duty rooms and hand hygiene is not uncommon in HCWs. Certain barriers are identified which should be addressed to ensure adequate safety of HCWs against COVID-19.

Design and analysis of shredder machine for e - waste recycling using CATIA

In the current scenario wherein technical gadgets are ruling everywhere from personal mobile phones to official devices technological usage of the electronic and electrical gadgets is increasing day by day and the very big challenge behind it is the disposal and recycling to reduce the effect of toxic materials used in these equipment’s. Most of the countries have been disposing in huge contents of e-waste into dumping yards on abandoned islands disturbing the eco-system. This has been taken as a serious environmental issue all across the world. Even though, lots of disposal methods are in existence for safe disposal, there had been a list of limitations too. The usage of poisonous metals in micron sizes, chemicals in batteries etc. This project, is an attempt to model a crushing machine to dismantle and crush the small electronic gadgets like laptop, mobile phones and i-pads after its life time. The design of the new shredder machine with effective blade profile is to be modeled to crush the used equipment for a size that can be recycled. This project is thus to design a suitable shredder and an analysis using CATIA is expected to provide an optimum solution for the e-waste recycling problem, a need of the hour.

Nurses' Use of Personal Smartphone Technology in the Workplace: Scoping Review.

BackgroundThere has been an increase in the technological infrastructures of many health care organizations to support the practice of health care providers. However, many nurses are using their personal digital devices, such as smartphones, while at work for personal and professional purposes. Despite the proliferation of smartphone use in the health care setting, there is limited research on the clinical use of these devices by nurses. It is unclear as to what extent and for what reasons nurses are using their personal smartphones to support their practice.ObjectiveThis review aimed to understand the current breadth of research on nurses’ personal smartphone use in the workplace and to identify implications for research, practice, and education.MethodsA scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework was conducted, and the following databases were used in the literature search: CINAHL, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Embase, MEDLINE, Nursing and Allied Health Database, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Reviews. Search terms used were Nurs* AND (personal digital technology OR smartphone OR cellphone OR mobile phone OR cellular phone). Inclusion criteria included research focused on nurses’ use of their own digital technologies, reported in English, and published between January 2010 and January 2020. Exclusion criteria were if the device or app was implemented for research purposes, if it was provided by the organization, if it focused on infection control, and if it was focused on nursing students or nursing education.ResultsA total of 22 out of 2606 articles met the inclusion criteria. Two main themes from the thematic analyses included personal smartphone use for patient care and implications of personal smartphone use. Nurses used their smartphones to locate information about medications, procedures, diagnoses, and laboratory tests. Downloaded apps were used by nurses to locate patient care–related information. Nurses reported improved communication among health team members and used their personal devices to communicate patient information via text messaging, calling, and picture and video functions. Nurses expressed insight into personal smartphone use and challenges related to distraction, information privacy, organizational policies, and patient perception.ConclusionsNurses view personal smartphones as an efficient method to gather patient care information and to communicate with the health care team. This review highlights knowledge gaps regarding nurses’ personal device use and information safety, patient care outcomes, and communication practices. This scoping review facilitates critical reflection on patient care practices within the digital context. We infer that nurses’ use of their personal devices to communicate among the health care team may demonstrate a technological “work-around” meant to reconcile health system demands for cost-efficiency with efforts to provide quality patient care. The current breadth of research is focused on acute care, with little research focus in other practices settings. Research initiatives are needed to explore personal device use across the continuum of health care settings.

Effect of a mobile phone intervention for female sex workers on unintended pregnancy in Kenya (WHISPER or SHOUT): a cluster-randomised controlled trial

Female sex workers in low-income and middle-income countries face high risks of unintended pregnancy. We developed a 12-month, multifaceted short messaging service intervention (WHISPER) for female sex workers in Kenya who had the potential to become pregnant, to improve their contraceptive knowledge and behaviours. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the intervention to reduce the incidence of unintended pregnancy among sex workers in Kenya compared with an equal-attention control group receiving nutrition-focused messages (SHOUT). Our two-arm, cluster-randomised controlled trial was done in sex-work venues in two subcounties of Mombasa, Kenya (Kisauni and Changamwe). Participants, aged 16-34 years, not pregnant or planning pregnancy, able to read text messages in English, residing in the study area, and who had a personal mobile phone with one of two phone networks, were recruited from 93 randomly selected sex-work venues (clusters). Random cluster allocation (1:1) to the intervention or control group was concealed from participants and researchers until the intervention started. Both groups received text messages in English delivered two to three times per week for 12 months (137 messages in total), as well as additional on-demand messages. Message content in the intervention group focused on promotion of contraception, particularly long-acting reversible contraception and dual method contraceptive use; message content in the control group focused on promotion of nutritional knowledge and practices, including food safety, preparation, and purchasing. The primary endpoint, analysed in all participants who were randomly assigned and attended at least one follow-up visit, compared unintended pregnancy incidence between groups using discrete-time survival analysis at 6 and 12 months. This trial is registered with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12616000852459, and is closed to new participants. Between Sept 14, 2016, and May 16, 2017, 1728 individuals were approached to take part in the study. Of these, 1155 were eligible for full screening, 1035 were screened, and 882 were eligible, enrolled, and randomly assigned (451 participants from 47 venues in the intervention group; 431 participants from 46 venues in the control group). 401 participants from the intervention group and 385 participants from the control group were included in the primary analysis. Incidence of unintended pregnancy was 15·5 per 100 person-years in the intervention group and 14·7 per 100 person-years in the control group (hazard ratio 0·98, 95% CI 0·69-1·39). The intervention had no measurable effect on unintended pregnancy incidence. Mobile health interventions, even when acceptable and rigorously designed, are unlikely to have a sufficient effect on behaviour among female sex workers to change pregnancy incidence when used in isolation. National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.

Цифрова дипломатія як інструмент масової комунікації в публічному управлінні

The article is devoted to conceptual views on as a tool of mass communication in public administration. The idea that in the era of information society building the mass media and the Internet industry development increasingly affects the sphere of international relations is substantiated. Of particular importance are technologies as a communication channel and a tool for influencing public consciousness. They become the most important tool for promoting the foreign policy interests of states - public analysis of publications on the issue led the authors to the conclusion that the technologies of the MC take public to a new level - as an innovative way of conducting diplomatic activities. The authors emphasize that the very phenomenon of requires scientists to rethink in the modern international information field. In this case, the so-called which does not have any generally accepted, fixed conceptual basis, can be interpreted as a form of public in public administration.Exploring in public administration, the authors turned to the formation and implementation of US public It was found that among the tools of US public diplomacy, the most effective is higher education in the United States, as the world leader in the number of foreign students. In this regard, special attention in the United States is paid to foreign audiences, education of foreign students (cultural diplomacy), educational grants, international exchange programs, information countering of international terrorism, foreign policy opponents of the United States. It is noted that in US public diplomacy, when receiving American higher education, the US Department of State pays special attention to international exchange programs - projects for future leaders.The authors note that despite the development of public in modern society, classical continues to retain its basic functions and institutions. However, given the influence of modern social, political, economic and technological processes, the forms and methods of classical are being transformed.The authors conclude that the rapid development of MC at the beginning of the XXI century. became the reason for the growth of information interaction and the transformation of information into an important political and economic resource. All this suggests qualitative changes that may occur in the content and purpose of the phenomenon of diplomacy.The article substantiates the idea that under the globalization influence and the means of the MC a special form of was born - the so-called diplomacy. Compared to classical diplomacy, has broader goals - to strengthen friendly ties and establish cooperation between people in different countries.As the main points, considering the public formation in the United States, it was found that in the United States was developed under the administration of George W. Bush in 2002-2003. Since then, can be called a digital version of public (Web 2.0 Diplomacy). So, there is a way to influence the foreign audience and the international situation with the help of the latest tools of the MC and modern information technology. In particular, US is beginning to use social networks in US government diplomatic practice. Digital support for the interaction of American diplomats with foreign Internet users begins.Examining the formation of US public diplomacy, the authors note that as a tool of the MC is becoming one of the areas in public administration. To intensify its policy, the US Department of State began to use the potential impact of the Internet on personal computer users and mobile phone owners.The authors suggest that the basis of US is the ideological basis - the value of democracy and liberal freedoms. They are effectively implemented by the information policy of Google, Facebook, Twitter and other companies in the American Internet industry. At the same time, can effectively create a positive image of the country, establish positive allied relations online, informationally and psychologically influence foreign audiences to achieve the desired result, and others.The analysis of the features of as a tool of mass communication in public administration in the context of social development, allowed to characterize it as a structural component of modern public But the problems of using so-called diplomacy in the context of globalization remain largely part of the current political discourse and require further research.

Network Security Performance Analysis of Mobile Voice Over Ip Application (mVoIP): Kakao Talk, WhatsApp, Telegram and Facebook Messenger

VoIP application usage has increased from time to time and makes our daily life more convenient. VoIP application has features to make a phone call, send a text message and share the file through the apps for free. However, most of the users did not seem aware of VoIP security features such as authentication ability, password encryption ability, or voice or audio and text communication encryption ability. It is essential to ensure the VoIP used is secure from password decrypter and eavesdrops the user conversation. Thus, the first objective of this research was to study and investigate VoIP application consist of Kakao Talk, Telegram, Facebook Messenger and WhatsApp for both Android and web application. The second objective was to evaluate the four VoIP application identified based on authentication requirement, password encryption, voice or audio encryption communication, and text encryption communication. There were two mobile phones used. One acts as a client and a personal computer act as an attacker. Wireshark and packet capture were run in personal computer and mobile phone to monitoring and scanning the network traffic while both devices connected in the same WLAN. The experiment implements MITM, interception, and sniffing attacks. This research project has identified Facebook Messenger and WhatsApp web application do not provide secure password ability.

Healthcare Professionals Perception of Mobile Phone Usage and Hand Hygiene Adhesion in Intensive Care Units

Background: The introduction of new technologies into the medical field has the duality of improvement and concerns about correct usage and cleaning. Mobile phones are used by healthcare professionals (HCPs) in the work place, and there is not an official policy about their use in health environment. Methods: We asked 60 intensive care unit (ICU) HCPs from 2 units (the burn unit and the internal medicine unit) to participate in an electronic survey about mobile phone usage and hand hygiene compliance; we also cultured the hands and mobile phones of the participants. Unfortunately, 13 HCPs did not participate. Susceptibility testing of the strains was conducted, as well as molecular testing. Results: Overall, 47 HCPs responded to the inquiry: 19% were nurses (9 of 47), 19% were resident physicians (9 of 47), 17% were nursery technicians (8 of 47), 17% were physiotherapists (8 of 47), 13% were cleaning staff (6 of 47), 11% were consultants (5 of 47), and 4% were technicians (2 of 47). Moreover, 26 of 47 participants (55%) were woman and 21 (45%) were men. From all HCP categories, 39 of 47 respondents (83%) reported that they had optimal hand hygiene compliance. However, 92% of respondents had a colonized hand and 90% had a colonized mobile phone. Also, 44 of 47 HCPs (94%) reported that the took their personal mobile phone into the workplace; 40 (85%) reported that they used it during the work day and 35 (74%) reported that they cleaned it. However, 8 HCPs (26%) reported that they had never cleaned the device. All of the HCPs understood that mobile phones can harbor bacteria, and 27 of 47 HCPs (57.45%) indicated that they use 70% alcohol to clean their mobile phones. In contrast, the first choice for hand hygiene was water and soap in 51% of HCPs (24 of 47). Also, 3 HCPs did not have any colonization in the hand culture but had healthcare-associated infection (HAI) pathogens in the mobile phone culture. Conclusions: A policy regarding mobile phone usage in the healthcare setting should be in place, and cleaning of electronic devices in hospitals should be standardized.Funding: NoneDisclosures: NoneFunding: NoneDisclosures: None

Privacy Is Dead - Solutions for Privacy-Enabled Collections and Use of Personal Health Information in Digital Era.

Today's digital information systems and applications collect every day a huge amount of personal health information (PHI) from sensor and surveillance systems, and every time we use personal computers or mobile phones. Collected data is processed in clouds, platforms and ecosystems by digital algorithms and machine learning. Pervasive technology, insufficient and ineffective privacy legislation, strong ICT industry and low political will to protect data subject's privacy have together made it almost impossible for a user to know what PHI is collected, how it is used and to whom it is disclosed. Service providers' and organizations' privacy policy documents are cumbersome and they do not guarantee that PHI is not misused. Instead, service users are expected to blindly trust in privacy promises made. In spite of that, majority of individuals are concerned of their privacy, and governments' assurance that they meet the responsibility to protect citizens in real life privacy is actually dead. Because PHI is probably the most sensitive data we have, and the authors claim it cannot be a commodity or public good, they have studied novel privacy approaches to find a way out from the current unsatisfactory situation. Based on findings got, the authors have developed a promising solution for privacy-enabled use of PHI. It is a combination of the concept of information fiduciary duty, Privacy as Trust approach, and privacy by smart contract. This approach shifts the onus of privacy protection onto data collectors and service providers. A specific information fiduciary duty law is needed to harmonize privacy requirements and force the acceptance of proposed solutions. Furthermore, the authors have studied strengths and weaknesses of existing or emerging solutions.

Examining Potential Barriers to mHealth Implementation and Engagement in Schizophrenia: Phone Ownership and Symptom Severity.

Implementation of mobile health (mhealth) interventions remains limited among those with schizophrenia. This study examined several logistical barriers to the implementation of mHealth interventions, particularly text message interventions, for people with schizophrenia. This study examined the feasibility of leveraging personal mobile phones to deliver mHealth interventions by using data from a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a text message intervention delivered on personal mobile phones to 56 people with schizophrenia with motivation reductions. Among those screened for the RCT (n =100), 91% had a mobile phone. For randomized participants (n = 56), 82.1% had a smartphone, with almost all (93.5%) having an Android processing system. Most randomized participants had unlimited text messages (96.4%) or voice calls (76.8%) with their mobile service plan, with 32.1% having unlimited data each month. At baseline, most used text messages (85.2%) and the internet (59.3%), while fewer participants used mobile applications (35.2%) at least once a week. Finally, there were no significant associations between engagement in the text message intervention and participant demographics, symptoms (positive, mood, negative), neurocognition, or mobile phone or plan characteristics or changes made during the 8 week intervention. Even those with schizophrenia with perceived symptom barriers to mHealth engagement (i.e., motivation reductions) may have access to mobile phones and plans and familiarity with mobile features to engage meaningfully with a text message intervention. These results help to support future implementations of text message interventions, which may enhance the provision of care for those with schizophrenia.

Home is just a phone away: Mobile phones and severity of social pain experiences

As personal mobile phone ownership approaches ubiquity, the devices are coming to play increasingly central roles in our social lives. Though considerable research has been conducted on the psychological impacts of mobile phone ownership and usage, much remains to be investigated. The current research assessed the impact of the presence and absence of personal mobile phones on a fundamental negative experience: social pain. Based on prior findings on the pain-reducing effects of photographs of loved ones (Master et al., 2009) and the role of mobile phones in enhancing feelings of belongingness (e.g. Walsh, White, & Young, 2009), we hypothesized that the presence of a personal mobile phone would reduce the intensity of a social pain experience. Results were mixed, with reduced social pain reported with phones present relative to absent but no observed effect on need-threat. While confirming the exact nature of the effect is not possible with present data, this research provides further evidence of the powerful influence personal phones can have on social experience.

Private life telepressure and workplace cognitive failure among hospital nurses: The moderating role of mobile phone presence.

To examine whether the presence of a mobile phone has a moderating role in the relationship between nurses' private life telepressure and workplace cognitive failure. Cross-sectional quantitative study using self-report questionnaires. Data were collected between December 2019 - January 2020. In total, 849 Registered Nurses from three Belgian hospitals completed the online survey. Data were analysed with hierarchical regression analyses and simple slope tests. Overall, the positive relationship between private life telepressure and workplace cognitive failure was moderated by mobile phone presence. Specifically, the experience of private life telepressure did only relate to higher workplace cognitive failure when nurses kept their mobile phone nearby (i.e. in their pockets). Additional exploratory analyses revealed that this moderation effect only held among nurses in young adulthood and regardless of the notification settings of their mobile phone. The present findings indicate the unintended risk of mobile phone presence at work as it relates to higher workplace cognitive failure in nurses who experience private life telepressure. Ensuring there are clear organizational policies and practises in place to store away personal belongings of healthcare personnel during work hours would therefore seem beneficial for hospitals. Considering the increased presence of mobile phones nowadays, a more detailed understanding is necessary on how these devices might distract personnel in a healthcare setting. The present study gives further insight into this topic and shows that in particular nurses in young adulthood who experience telepressure towards personal messages report more cognitive failure when their personal mobile phones are present, even when they do not actually use these devices. This furnishes additional evidence in support of hospitals' formal policy to forbid personal mobile phones of healthcare personnel when at work.

The Cedar Project - Mobile Phone Use and Acceptability of Mobile Health Among Young Indigenous People Who Have Used Drugs in British Columbia, Canada: Mixed Methods Exploratory Study.

BackgroundIndigenous leaders continue to be concerned about high rates of HIV and barriers to HIV treatment among young Indigenous people involved in substance use. Growing evidence suggests that using mobile phones for health (mHealth) may be a powerful way to support connection with health services, including HIV prevention and treatment.ObjectiveThis study examined the patterns of mobile phone ownership and use among young Indigenous people who have used drugs living with or vulnerable to HIV and explored the acceptability of mHealth to support access to health care in this population.MethodsThe Cedar Project is a cohort study involving young Indigenous people who have used drugs in Vancouver and Prince George, British Columbia. This mixed methods exploratory study involved 131 Cedar Project participants enrolled in our WelTel mHealth program. At enrollment, participants completed a questionnaire related to mobile phone use and interest in mHealth. Data were linked to Cedar Project questionnaires and serodata. We present comparative statistics (quantitative) and results of a rapid thematic analysis (qualitative) related to mobile phone patterns and interest in receiving mHealth.ResultsLess than half of the participants (59/130; 45.4%) reported owning a phone. Among those with a phone, the majority owned a smartphone (46/59; 78%). Most participants with a phone reported having an unlimited texting plan (39/55; 71%), using the internet on their phone (44/59; 75%), and texting daily (44/55; 80%). A majority reported that using a mobile phone for health would be invaluable (120/130; 92.3%). There were no differences in mHealth acceptance between participants who owned a phone and those who did not (P>.99). All but one participant living with HIV felt using a mobile phone would be helpful for their health, while a small proportion of HIV-negative participants remained unsure (1.9% vs 11.7%; P=.047). In response to open-ended questions asking why using a mobile phone may be helpful for health, participants identified a diverse set of anticipated benefits: (1) connection for emotional, mental, and spiritual support, (2) connection to family, (3) staying in touch and/or being reachable, (4) overcoming current barriers to phone use, (5) convenience, privacy, and safety, and (6) access to health care and emergency services.ConclusionsWe observed high acceptance and interest in using mobile phone technology for health despite low rates of personal mobile phone connectivity among young Indigenous people who have used drugs living with and vulnerable to HIV in British Columbia, Canada. Mobile phones were viewed as a way to support connections and relationships that are seen as critical to health and well-being among young Indigenous people in this study. Findings may be useful for health care providers preparing to scale up mHealth programs to support HIV prevention and treatment in this population.