Personal Information Questionnaire Research Articles

The Relationship between Mental Health with the Level of Empathy Among Medical Students in Southern Thailand: A University-Based Cross- Sectional Study

Objective: To determine the level of and factors associated with empathy among medical students.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed all first- to sixth-year medical students at the Facultyof Medicines, Prince of Songkla University, at the end of the 2020 academic year. The questionnaires consisted of:1) The personal and demographic information questionnaire, 2) The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire, and 3) ThaiMental Health Indicator-15. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and factors associated with empathylevel were assessed via chi-square and logistic regression analyses.Results: There were 1010 participants with response rate of 94%. Most of them were female (59%). More than half(54.9%) reported a high level of empathy. There was a statistically significant difference in empathy levels betweenpre-clinical and clinical medical students; in regards to empathy subgroups (P-value < 0.001). The assessment ofemotional states in others by demonstrating appropriate sensitivity behavior, altruism, and empathic respondingscores among the pre-clinical group were higher than those of the clinical group. Multivariate analysis indicatedthat female gender, pre-clinical training level, and minor specialty preference were factors associated with empathylevel. The protective factor that significantly improved the level of empathy was having fair to good mental health.Conclusion: More than half of the surveyed medical students reported a high level of empathy. The protective factorthat improved the level of empathy was good mental health. However, future qualitative methods, longitudinalsurveillance, or long-term follow-up designs are required to ensure the trustworthiness of these findings.

Learning Engagement and Its Influencing Factors Among High School Students in Economically Developed Areas in China

Objective: To explore the characteristics and its relevant factors of learning engagement among high school students in economically developed areas in China. Methods: 808 high school students in Guangdong Province were selected by stratified cluster sampling. They were investigated with Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student-Chinese Version (UWES-S-CV), Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES), Interpersonal Comprehensive Diagnostic Scale (ICDS), Short-Form Egna Minnen AV Barndoms Uppprostran (s-EMBU), Emotional Support Questionnaire for Middle School Students to Understand Teachers (ESQUT) and a self-compiled general personal information questionnaire. Results: ⑴ The total score of UWES-S-CV, ASES, ICDS and the scores of three dimensions in UWES-S-CV, two subscales of ASES and four dimensions of ICDS, as well as the mother overprotection of s-EMBU were at the medium level. The total score of ESQUT and its four dimensions were at the medium high level. The scores of father’s and mother’s warmth of s-EMBU were at the high level, while the score of father’ negation, mother's negation and father's overprotection were at the low level. ⑵ Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis showed that 12 factors such as student origin, school category, class category, learning interest, the teaching method used most commonly, mother's education level, learning behavior self-efficacy, learning ability self-efficacy, father's warmth, mother's warmth, care and encouragement were positively correlated with the total score of UWES-S-CV (β=.120~.433, all P<.01), while grade, family economic status, self-rated learning burden, communication and making friends, father’s negation and mother’s negation were negatively correlated with the total score of UWES-S-CV (β=-. 073~ -. 407, all P <. 05). Conclusion The learning engagement among high school students needs to be improved. Social environment, family rearing style, school education and teaching style, as well as individual factors may be the main influencing factors of high school students' learning engagement.

Efficacy of mobile app-based training on health literacy among pregnant women: A randomized controlled trial study.

: Health literacy of mothers during pregnancy shows social and cognitive skills indicating the motivation and ability of mothers to receive and use useful knowledge to maintain and promote the health of themselves and their children. The present study was conducted aimed to determine the effect of mobile app-based training on health literacy among pregnant women. A random allocation clinical trial was conducted on 140 eligible mothers. All participants were randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups. Data collection tools included personal information and maternal health literacy questionnaires. The questionnaires were completed and then a mobile app-based training intervention was performed for the experimental group. The participants of the experimental group were asked to read the contents of the software once a week for 8 weeks. The questionnaires were completed again after 8 weeks of the training intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon, Fisher, Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and one-way analysis of variance was used for this purpose. The participants showed no statistically significant difference in terms of demographic-social information (p > 0.05). The mean change in health literacy scores after the intervention was statistically significant between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.001). Also, the mean change in health literacy scores before and after the intervention in the experimental group was statistically significant (p < 0.001). But this change in the control group was not statistically significant (p = 0.609). For the first time we used mobile app-based training and results showed that it is effective in the health literacy of pregnant women especially in situations like the Corona Virus pandemic. Therefore, it is suggested that health care providers, especially midwives, use this training method to promote the health literacy of pregnant women.

The relationship between stigma, perceived social support and depression in infertile Turkish women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the perceived social support, stigmatization and depression in infertile women and the influencing factors. The study was conducted on 298 infertile women at a private hospital between March and September 2019 using a Personal Information Questionnaire, Infertility Stigma Scale (ISS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). BDI had a significantly positive correlation with ISS and negative correlation with MSPSS. And MSPSS had a significantly negative correlation with ISS. Infertility leads women to suffer various psychosocial problems. Nurses should be aware of these problems during diagnostic procedures for infertility treatment, which should also include psychiatric counseling.

Birth Ordinal and Trust on Close Interpersonal Relationship: A Comparative Study of First and Last Born Individuals

The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in the level of trust in close interpersonal relationships among first born and last-born individuals. The sample of the present study was comprised of 120 participants (first born=60; last born=60). Data was collected through purposive random sampling. The age range of the participants in the present study was 20-45 years and both genders were given equal representation. Trust level of the participants was measured through Trust in close interpersonal relationship scale. Personal Information Questionnaire was also used to gather the information about the characteristics of participants such as age, birth ordinal, gender, education etc. It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences in the trust level of first born and last born. Findings revealed significant differences in the trust level of first born and last-born participants. Last born participants have more trust in interpersonal relationship. Gender differences were also found in the trust level. Females have more trust than males. The implications of the study have discussed in terms of child-rearing practices.

The Comparison of Pediatric Quality Of Life in 8 - 12-Year-Old Asthmatic Children Versus Healthy Controls

Background: Asthma is identified as the most prevalent chronic non-communicable childhood illness at any age worldwide, mainly affecting health, functioning, and pediatric quality of life (PedsQL) dimensions in children. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the status of the PedsQL in asthmatic children versus healthy controls for the ultimate goal of developing childhood asthma community-based integrated preventive and management programs. Methods: This analytic cross‐sectional study was carried out on 96 children participants with asthma and 95 healthy children, aged eight to twelve years, from January to December 2019. The different aspects of quality of life (QoL) and demographic characteristics of all subjects with the same age and gender were examined using the standardized disease-specific PedsQL questionnaire (consisting of 23 items) and the personal information questionnaire, respectively. The P &lt; 0.05 criterion was set as the significance threshold. Results: The outcomes of patients’ responses associated with the PedsQL subscale showed significantly lower mean scores in children with controlled asthma compared to healthy children (P &lt; 0.001). This model covered physical, emotional (significantly lower mean scores), psychological, and social effects in addition to school functions, showing statistically significant differences between the two groups (P &lt; 0.001). In contrast to physical and school-related activities, lesser social status, emotional characteristics, and an overall score of QoL were significantly associated with poor QoL in lower-income children (P &lt; 0.001). No significant difference was found between the two groups regarding sex, maternal educational level, or family income, but the two groups were significantly different in terms of paternal educational level and smoking (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: It was found that asthma had profound unfavorable effects on patients’ healthy lifestyles and activities, mostly concerning daily physical activities, socio-emotional functioning, intellectual performance, school productivity, and psychological harmonization.

The effect of myths about sexuality and the level of knowledge about sexuality on the marital satisfaction in married couples

To look into the effect of sexual myths and level of knowledge about sexuality on marital satisfaction in married couples. The study was carried on with 104 voluntary respondents; 57 of which are married women and 47 are married men. The data has been collected with Personal Information Questionnaire, Marital Adjustment Test, Sexual Myths Analysis Questionnaire and The Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS), data has been analyzed with SPSS 15.0 software package (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). According to these findings, as the belief in sexual myths increases, the sexual satisfaction decreases; yet the increase in the belief in sexual myths does not affect the marital satisfaction. The findings implicate that as the knowledge about sexuality increases, the sexual satisfaction increases while the marital satisfaction decreases. As the number of sexual myths increases, marital adjustment decreases. The findings don’t show any significant correlation between sexual satisfaction and marital adjustment.

The Effect of Nursing Communication Training on Empathy and Communication Skills of Nursing Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study

For healthcare professionals working with patients, empathy and communication skills are of very importance and they are an important aspect of nursing practice. Empathy and communication skills can be improved with education. This study aims to investigate the effect of communication training on nursing students' levels of empathy and communication skills. As a part of this quasi-experimental research, a 14-week intervention was implemented nursing communication targeting 70 nursing students. The research data were collected using a Personal Information Questionnaire, the Communication Skills Assessment Scale (CSAS), and the Empathic Tendency Scale (ETS). The students’ post-intervention empathy (t = -4,680 p = 0.000) and communication (t = -7.363, p = 0.000) scores were higher statistically than the baseline scores. The mean ETS scores of students were significantly and positively correlated with their CSAS scores (r = 0.25; p < 0.001). The communication training in nursing was determined to be effective in improving the empathy and communication skills of nursing students. This research will contribute to the development of an evidence-based curriculum for academics teaching nursing, in terms of teaching empathy and communication.

Relationship Between Professional Engagement, Career Development Aspirations and Motivation Towards The Teaching Profession of Prospective Teachers

The aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between professional engagement, career development aspirations, and motivation towards the teaching profession of prospective teachers. Having been structured both with descriptive and relational survey model, the study consisted of 460 volunteer prospective teachers attending pedagogical formation certificate program at the education faculty of a big university located in Turkey’s Western Black Sea Region. The research data was collected through the Personal Information Questionnaire, Professional Engagement and Career Development Aspirations (PECDA) Scale and Motivation Levels of Prospective Teachers towards the Teaching Profession (MLPTTP) Scale. According to the data gained from the study, it was determined that prospective teachers’ professional engagement and career development aspiration level was moderate and their motivation towards teaching profession level was high; there is a moderate, positive and significant relationship between professional engagement, career development aspirations and motivation towards teaching profession. In the light of the data gained from the present study, long-term studies can be carried out with prospective teachers, and the development of the subjects related to the present research can be monitored after they are appointed as teachers.

Comparing the Effect of Solution-Focused Group Counseling and Individual Counseling Based on PLISSIT Model on Sexual Satisfaction of Women with High Body Mass Index

Background & aim: obesity can negatively affect sexual function and lower sexual satisfaction in obese people. The present study aimed to compare the effect of solution-focused group counseling and individual counseling based on the Plissit model on the sexual satisfaction of women with high body mass index. Methods: This randomized clinical was conducted on 60 women with a BMIE�30 kg/m² who were randomly assigned to two groups of solution-focused group counseling and individual counseling based on the Plissit model. Data collection tools included personal and midwifery information questionnaires, as well as Larson's sexual satisfaction questionnaire. Solution-focused group counseling group received eight 45-minute counseling sessions, while the individual counseling group received three 60-minute sessions of counseling based on the Plissit model. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16) using Chi-square, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests. Results: In the solution-focused counseling group, the scores significantly improved in the dimensions of quality of sex life (pre-test=30.87±5.51; post-test=38.33±1.71), sexual attitude (pre-test=26.13±2.75; post-test=29.30±0.88), desire to have sex (pre-test=21.50±3.31; post-test=23.40±1.40), and total sexual satisfaction (pre-test=102.17±13.42; post-test=115.07±4.16), after the intervention, compared to the scores obtained before the intervention (p <0.001). In the individual counseling group based on the Plissit model, the scores significantly improved in the dimensions of quality of sex life (p <0.001; pre-test=30.30±3.70; post-test=35.103±3.69), sexual attitude (P=0.01;pre-test=24.53±2.26;post-test=26.10±1.92), sexual compatibility (P=0.008; pre-test=21.80±1.61, post-test=22.67±0.99), as well as total sexual satisfaction (P=0.001; pre-test=98.93±8.46; post-test=106.17±5.10) after the intervention, compared to their scores before the intervention. Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, solution-focused group counseling can lead to increased sexual satisfaction of women with high BMI.Â

Job Burnout and Its Relevant Factors among Medical Interns

Objective: to understand the present situation of job burnout among medical interns and to explore its major influencing factors. Methods: A stratified random sampling was used to select 1268 medical interns from 6 full-time medical colleges in Guangdong province. They were investigated with Maslach Burnout Inventor-General Survey, (MBI–GS), Questionnaire on Humanistic Care Ability of Medical Students (QHCAMS) and a self-compiled personal information questionnaire. Results: (1) The incidence of job burnout in this group was 98.40%. The total score of MBI–GS and the scores of emotional exhaustion, cynicism and reduced personal accomplishment were (45.27 ±12.61), (16.21 ±4.91), (12.91 ±3.93) and (18.15 ±5.22), respectively. (2) The result of multiple stepwise linear regression showed that gender, specialty, type of internship hospital, working department and average length of overtime per day were positively correlated with the total score of MBI-GS (β =.154~.676, all P &lt; 0.01). Nine factors, such as self-evaluation of health status, ability to solve problems at work, relationship with patients, classmates and medical staff, as well as the scores of hope, honesty, humility and courage in HQCAMS, were negatively correlated with the total score of MBI-GS (β =-.148~-.468, all P &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: Medical interns are suffering serious job burnouts, which may be related to work pressure, personal quality and other factors.

SINIF ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN MATEMATİK ÖĞRETİMİNE YÖNELİK YETERLİK İNANÇLARI

Bu araştırmanın amacı sınıf öğretmenlerinin matematik öğretimine yönelik yeterlik düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelemektir. Araştırma betimsel bir çalışma niteliğinde olup tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini Çanakkale il merkezinde bulunan ilkokullarda görev yapan sınıf öğretmenleri, örneklemini ise 10 ilkokulda görev yapan 150 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler sınıf öğretmenlerinin matematik öğretimine yeterlik düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla; “Kişisel Bilgiler Anket Formu” ve “Matematik Öğretimi Yeterlik İnanç Ölçeği (MTEBI)”nin Türkçe uyarlaması ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizi sonucunda; değerlendirme yapılan değişkenlerin hemen hemen hepsinde sınıf öğretmenlerinin matematik dersi öğretimine yönelik yeterlik inançları yüksek çıkarken; öğretmenlerin yaşları ve yabancı dil bilme durumları ile matematik dersi öğretimine yönelik yeterlik inanç düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir farka rastlanmıştır. Yaşları 21-34 arasında olan sınıf öğretmenlerin matematik öğretimi yeterlik inançlarının 45-54 yaş arasındaki öğretmenlere ve yine 21-34 yaş arasındaki öğretmenlerin 55-64 yaş arasındaki öğretmenlere göre daha güçlü yeterliği olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Yabancı dil bilen sınıf öğretmenlerinin matematik öğretimi yeterlik inancının, yabancı dil bilmeyen sınıf öğretmenlerinden daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Mental well-being and association of the four factors coping structure model: A perspective of people living in lockdown during COVID-19

BackgroundThe physical and mental health risks of COVID-19 become higher as people are asked to stay home for an indefinite period. The objective was to investigate the link between the four-factor structure model of coping and mental health among those living in lockdown.MethodsThe sample was comprised of 100 participants. The data was collected through purposive sampling. Mental health was measured by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and coping strategies from the Brief Cope Inventory. A personal information questionnaire was also used to gather information about the characteristics of participants, such as age, gender and education, in addition to questions related to other stressors. Linear regression was used to assess the association between variables. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOverall, the results showed high levels of stress, anxiety and depression among participants. These findings revealed a significant association between active avoidance and religious/denial coping strategies and mental health problems. However, problem-focused and positive coping strategies were found to be insignificant for all three mental health problems. Other social and personal factors, such as being away from family (90%), having problems sleeping (86%), worrying about the future (85%), experiencing anger (83%), lacking emotional support (79%) and having fear of receiving bad news (72%), were reported often by participants.ConclusionParticipants showed concern for COVID-19 that was associated with anxiety, stress and depression. These findings have important implications for public health emergency preparedness planning. Moreover, psychological preparedness in the community is essential.

Predictors of suicidal ideation among Iranian patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Considering the high probability of suicidal behaviors in multiple sclerosis (MS) population of other countries and the unlikeliness of its diagnosis in patients with MS by specialists, the current research targets the frequency of suicidal thoughts and mood symptoms in a group of patients with MS in Iran. Also, we investigated the relationships among suicidal thoughts, anxiety, depression, anticipated stigma, social support, some disease characteristics, and sociodemographic factors. Methods: A sample of 276 subjects were selected from community-based MS clinics and referral out-patient MS clinic of Sina Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Chronic Illness Anticipated Stigma Scale (CIASS), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and a personal information questionnaire. Results: 36.2% of the participants had suicidal thoughts. Suicidal ideation was significantly more likely among people who reported higher anxiety and depression scores or anticipated stigma from their friends and families. Women and patients with higher education experienced suicidal ideation more frequently than others. Conclusion: Findings regarding the comorbidity of suicidal thoughts with anticipated stigma, depression and anxiety in MS patients emphasizes therapeutic interventions focused on the alleviation of perceived stigma as well as mood symptoms.

Symptom Clusters in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis.

BackgroundEnd-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis have to face many symptoms from disease progression and treatment. These symptoms cause suffering and affect physical, psychological, emotional, social, and spiritual of the patients, resulting in decreased quality of life and might increase the death rate of these patients. Therefore, the study of symptoms in ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis will lead to effective symptom management and maximize benefits for the patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the symptom clusters of ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis.Materials and MethodsThe sample of this descriptive study consisted of 150 ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis from two dialysis centre of the university hospital and specialized kidney hospital in Bangkok. The instruments consisted of Personal Information Questionnaire (PIQ) and Dialysis Symptom Index-THAI (DSI-THAI). The data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis.ResultsThe 8 clusters of symptoms were found: 1) gastrointestinal, 2) musculoskeletal and fluid volume 3) neurological 4) irritation of the mucous membranes and skin 5) depression 6) sleep disturbance 7) sexual 8) anemic.ConclusionThe results of this study can be raised awareness and used as the information for the health-care provider to develop the intervention to manage unpleasant symptoms which lead to improving the quality of life.

A Study on Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts Among Substance Abusers

The present study was conducted to investigate the suicidal ideation and attempts to suicide among the substance abusers. The study sample was comprised of 100 substance abusers (70 males and 30 females among them 18 were adolescent males, 7 were adolescent females, 52 were adult males and 23 were adult females) and selection was made by using purposive sampling technique. The instruments used for collecting data were: (1) Personal information questionnaire and (2) Bangla version of the Beck scale for suicide ideation. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and independent sample t test. Results indicated that there were significant differences among the substance abuser’s suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Yaba abusers had more suicidal ideation and took more suicide attempts than other substance abusers; adult abusers had more suicidal ideation and suicide attempts than adolescent abusers. Moreover, suicidal ideation was higher in males than females.&#x0D; Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 175-182, 2020 (July)

Taiwanese middle-aged and older caregivers’ need for life safety instruction and its association with attitudes toward aging and proactive coping

ABSTRACT Long-term stress experienced by caregivers is often overlooked, as is their pre-planning for senior life, but helping middle-aged and older caregivers to prepare for senior life is the foundation for active aging. The purpose of this study is to elucidate middle-aged and older caregivers’ attitudes toward aging, proactive coping, and the need to learn life safety and to identify the factors influencing their need for life safety instruction. In this study, a questionnaire survey was administered to middle-aged and older caregivers with 1 year of experience or more in caring for older adults. In total, 500 questionnaires were distributed using a snowball sampling method, of which 415 valid questionnaires were recovered. The research tools included a personal information questionnaire, attitude toward aging scale, proactive coping scale, and need for life safety instruction scale. The results of this study were that: 1. Middle-aged and older caregivers had a low psychological evaluation of aging and a weak response to aging. 2. Respondents demonstrated a strong need to learn life safety. 3. Average monthly salary, aging awareness, aging behavior, attitude toward proactive coping, and proactive coping ability were strong predictors of the need to learn life safety. The principal conclusion was that the need for life safety instruction increased concurrently with unemployment, a decrease in aging awareness and behavior, an improvement in attitude toward proactive coping, and a decrease in proactive coping ability. Therefore, life safety education can be provided to the aforementioned group to satisfy their learning needs adequately.

Stigma predicting fertility quality of life among Chinese infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer

Objective To investigate stigma and fertility quality of life (FertiQoL) and identify predictors of FertiQoL in Chinese infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Methods A descriptive correlational design was adopted to investigate the association between stigma and FertiQoL in 588 infertile women undergoing IVF-ET. The personal information questionnaire, Infertility Stigma Scale (ISS) and FertiQoL tool were used to measure study variables. Results The mean scores of ISS and FertiQoL were 62.59 (SD = 21.58) and 63.64 (SD = 13.72), respectively. There were significant differences of ISS scores among participants with different educational level, residence, occupation, religious belief, financial condition, age group, duration of infertility and infertility treatment, while significant differences of the FertiQoL scores were found in participants with different insurance status, determinism of etiology, infertile type, duration of infertility treatment and cycles of IVF-ET. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed stigma was negatively correlated with FertiQoL (r = −0.081 to −0.669, p < .05). The self-devaluation (β = −0.290, p < .001), social withdrawal (β = −0.237, p < .001), family stigma (β = −0.217, p < .001) and insurance status (β = 0.066, p=.035) were identified as the significant predictor of FertiQoL accounting for 43.5% of variance. Conclusions The stigma was significantly associated with FertiQoL in infertile women undergoing IVF-ET with higher level of stigma predicting poorer FertiQoL. More psychological support should be provided to infertile women to reduce stigma and improve FertiQoL.

An Investigation of Online Gaming Addiction Level Among University Students in Terms of Emotional Schemas, Agentic Personality, and Various Variables

The aim of this study is to examine online game addiction level among university students in terms of emotional schemas, agentic personality, and various variables (i.e. gender, type of game played, and accommodation). The sample group consists of 380 university students studying in Izmir province and playing online games during the school year of 2017 and 2018. The data have been collected through multiple tools that are Online Game Addiction Scale for University Students, Multi-measure Agentic Personality Scale, Leahy Emotional Schema Scale, and Personal Information Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by correlation analysis, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and regression analysis in accordance with the hypothesis of the study. The result of regression analysis indicated that emotional schemas of uncontrollability, demand for rationality, rumination, dissimilarity, denial of emotions, validation, seeing emotions as dangerous, acceptance of feelings, consensus, and guilt predicted addiction significantly, whereas, emotional schemas of weakness against emotions and duration did not predict such an outcome. Additionally, as a result of the t-test, it was found that online gaming addiction levels differed significantly according to gender and that males had higher levels of online game addiction than females. Lastly, one-way analysis of variance resulted in finding the level of online gaming addiction significantly differed based on the type of game played, but it did not differ significantly based on where students lived.

The Investigation of the Level of Fulfilment: The Basic Needs of Architecture Students

Purpose: In order to improve the quality of education, it is important to identify the basic needs of first-year students who receive architectural education. The objective of this research was to investigate the level of basic needs satisfaction of first-year students receiving education in the architecture department. Research Methods: In this research, a relational screening model, which is one of the general survey models, was used. Students' perception in terms of satisfaction of basic needs was measured with University Students' Basic Needs Scale. Moreover, information related to socio-demographical characteristics was collected via the Personal Information Questionnaire. Findings: Research findings indicated that the satisfaction levels of basic needs of architecture students participating in the research were generally above 4, which was the neutral score level. The lowest satisfaction level for all five basic needs was determined to be related to the survival need. Furthermore, it was concluded that students' perception in terms of basic need satisfaction significantly differed with respect to their academic grade points, genders, the residential units where they mostly resided and educational status of their parents. Implications for Research and Practice: Depending on the class level, it may be ensured that more comprehensive evaluations are made about the students' perceptions of needs. In new studies, other variables that might have an effect on basic needs satisfaction may also be included.