Personal Information Form Research Articles

Knowledge, Beliefs and Vaccination Status of Nursing Students about Human Papilloma Virus

Objective: Human papilloma virus (HPV-Human Papilloma Virus) is a small, non-enveloped double-stranded DNA virus from the Papilo mavirada family. This study was conducted to determine the effect of HPV on the knowledge, beliefs and vaccination status of first and fourth year nursing students. Method: Data were collected by personal information form, health belief model scale about human papillomavirus infection and vaccination, and human papillomavirus knowledge scale. Results: The mean perceived benefit score of the students participating in the study was 2.4±0.7 in the first grade and 3.1±0.7 in the fourth grade. The mean perceived sensitivity score was 2.3 ± 0.6 in the first grade and 2.8±0.7 in the fourth grade. The mean perceived severity score was 2.5±0.6 in the first grade and 2.8±0.7 in the fourth grade. The mean perceived barrier score was equal and 2.1±0.4 in all groups. The HPV knowledge scale scores of the students participating in the study consisted of 4 sub-dimensions. The mean score of the general HPV knowledge scale was 4.79±5.6 in the first grade and 16.71±7.9 in the fourth grade. The mean score of HPV screening tests was 3.3±3.7 in the first grade and 9.9±4.0 in the fourth grade. The mean HPV screening test score was 0.4±0.8 in the first grade and 2±1.7 in the fourth grade. The mean score for general HPV vaccination knowledge was 0.7±1.3 in the first grade and 2.8±1.7 in the fourth grade. The mean score for knowledge of HPV vaccination programs was 0.2±0.6 in the first grade and 1.8±1.7 in the fourth grade. Conclusion: In the fight against cervical cancers, which is an important public health problem, the level of HPV knowledge should be high in order for the nursing profession to fulfil all of its education, counselling, guidance, protection and immunisation functions.

Examining stress and coping levels of patriarchal men with autistic children who receive special sports training in Türkiye

Our study aims to explore the factors affecting the stress levels and coping mechanisms of parents with children on the autism spectrum in patriarchal societies. The study group consisted of fathers (n = 183; x̅=44.6) of children diagnosed with autism between the ages of 18–55 living in Izmir province. As a data collection tool; ‘Personal Information Form’ prepared by the researcher to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of Turkish fathers; ‘Stress Self-Assessment Checklist (SSAC)’, ‘Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ)’ was used. It is crucial for partners of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to support each other, a principle that holds true for fathers within patriarchal structures as well. Simply put, when parents of autistic individuals support each other, stress levels are reduced. Additionally, increased enrollment of the child in specialized education, especially those incorporating physical activities, serves as a stress-reducing factor. Another significant factor in reducing stress is the employment status of the mother. According to this finding, in patriarchal societies (such as ours), mothers are not obligated to stay at home and care for the child; they can pursue employment. Indeed, a noteworthy outcome of our study is the decrease in paternal stress when the mother is employed.

Examination of the Relationship Between Stress Coping and Problem Solving Skills of Physical Education Teachers

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between coping with stress and problem-solving abilities among physical education teachers. The research sample comprised 64 female and 89 male physical education teachers, totaling 153 individuals, employed in schools under the Ministry of National Education in Mardin. Data collection instruments included a personal information form developed by the researcher, the Coping with Stress Scale developed by Türküm (2002), and the Problem Solving Inventory developed by Heppner and Peterson (1982) and adapted into Turkish by Şahin, Şahin, and Heppner (1993). Statistical analyses involved testing for variance and homogeneity, employing independent t-tests for pairwise comparisons, One-Way ANOVA for multiple comparisons, and conducting Correlate analysis to determine relationships. Results revealed no significant differences in mean scores for coping with stress or problem-solving skills among physical education teachers based on gender, school type, or years of service in the profession. However, a positive low-level relationship was identified between the coping with stress scores and problem-solving scores of the physical education teachers. In summary, the study revealed notably high mean scores for both coping with stress and problem-solving skills among physical education teachers, suggesting their adeptness at managing stressors and addressing challenges effectively. Additionally, it is postulated that physical education teachers who exhibit effective stress coping mechanisms are also proficient in resolving encountered problems.

Exploring the relationship between teachers’ competencies in AI-TPACK and digital proficiency

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in educational settings. As a result, it is essential to assess teachers’ competencies in Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) as it pertains to AI and examine the factors that influence these competencies. This study aims to analyze the impact of digital proficiency on teachers’ AI-TPACK competencies. The study utilized a correlational survey model and involved 401 teachers from various provinces and departments in Turkey. The data collection tools included a personal information form, an AI-TPACK scale, and a digital proficiency scale. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The research findings revealed that teachers’ AI-TPACK competencies were below average, whereas their levels of digital proficiency were above average. Furthermore, a significant relationship between teachers’ AI-TPACK and digital proficiency levels was identified, with digital proficiency as a significant predictor of AI-TPACK competencies. Based on the research findings, recommendations for future studies are provided.

Disaster preparedness perceptions and psychological first-aid competencies of psychiatric nurses.

This study aimed to determine the disaster preparedness perceptions and psychological first-aid competencies of psychiatric nurses. Nurses must recognize the risks before a disaster occurs and have an action plan for providing effective physical and psychological care to patients and other affected individuals during and after the disaster. It is especially important for psychiatric nurses caring for a high-risk group, such as psychiatric patients, to be prepared for disasters and be able to support patients by recognizing the psychological reactions that may occur after a disaster and managing their care accordingly. For this cross-sectional and correlational study, data on 122 nurses were collected using a personal information form, the preparedness perception scale of disaster in nurses, and the psychological first-aid application self-efficacy scale. The mean score for the participants' perception of overall disaster preparedness was 76.70±8.30, the mean score for the preparation stage was 27.02±2.82, the mean score for the intervention stage was 30.40±5.15, the mean score for the post-disaster stage was 19.27±2.88, and the mean score for psychological first-aid application self-efficacy was 140.28±19.17. The findings showed that psychiatric nurses were above the medium level in terms of disaster preparedness perceptions and psychological first-aid application self-efficacy. It is important for nurses caring for high-risk groups, such as psychiatric patients, to be aware of disaster preparedness, to recognize psychological reactions that may be observed after a disaster, and to be aware of psychological first-aid practices that can be used to intervene in a disaster.

Effect of Sexual Dysfunction on Quality of Life in Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction. Sexual dysfunction is a significant complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Men with DM may develop erectile dysfunction and a lack of sexual desire due to the nature of the disease and its complications. This study aimed to assess the effect of sexual dysfunction on the quality of life (QoL) in men with type 2 DM. Methods. This study utilized a single-center, descriptive design and was carried out between November 15, 2021, and August 24, 2022. It included 378 male patients with type 2 DM treated at the internal medicine outpatient clinic at a university hospital in Turkey. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form developed by the researchers, the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), and the Diabetes-Specific Quality of Life Scale (DSQOL). Descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis were used to assess the data. Results. Among male patients with type 2 DM participating in the study, the mean ASEX score was 14.47 ± 3.37 and the DSQOL score was 2.92 ± 0.31. The relationship between the mean ASEX and DSQOL scores and various factors such as age, education status, employment status, regular health check-ups, duration of diagnosis, type of treatment, fasting blood glucose level, HbA1c level, and body mass index was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was identified between the mean ASEX and DSQOL scores (p < 0.001). Additionally, multiple regression analysis revealed that QoL, duration of diagnosis, marital status, and education status were significant factors influencing the sexual dysfunction levels of the participants (p < 0.001). Conclusions. This study found that as individuals’ levels of sexual dysfunction increased, their QoL decreased. Therefore, it is recommended to assess sexual dysfunction thoroughly and implement training programs aimed at improving sexual health to enhance individuals’ QoL.

Adaptation of the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire for Adults Into Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study.

Background and Purpose: Questioning the adverse childhood experiences of adults may facilitate their search for help for their physical, social, and psychological well-being. The aim of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire for Adults in Turkish. Methods: This methodological study was conducted with 290 participants. The data collection tools consisted of a personal information form, the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire for Adults, and the Childhood Trauma Experiences Questionnaire Short Form. Results: The number of items in the original questionnaire was 29 and became 24 in the Turkish adaption, which showed content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha (α) = 0.928). Conclusions: The Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire for Adults was found to be valid and reliable for the Turkish population.

The identification of the relationship between nursing students’ disgust sensitivity and willingness to care for the elderly: The case of a university

ObjectivesIn clinical learning environments, nursing students frequently encounter situations that cause physical disgust. It is believed that a high sensitivity to disgust among students can negatively affect their academic performance and caregiving behavior. This study was conducted to identify the relationship between nursing students’ disgust sensitivity and willingness to care for older adults. MethodThis descriptive and cross-sectional research was conducted with 807 volunteer participants studying at the Department of Nursing of a university in southeast Turkey. The research data were collected by using the Personal Information Form, the Disgust Sensitivity Scale - Revised Form (DS-R), and the Willingness to Care for the Elderly Scale (WCES) . Descriptive statistics, the Student's t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, the One-Way Analysis of Variance, and Pearson's correlation were used in the analysis of research data. ResultsIn the research, nursing students’ mean DS-R and WCES scores were calculated respectively as 77.93 ± 16.40 and 34.16 ± 5.98 points. A statistically significant negative relationship was found between nursing students’ DS-R and WCES scores (p < 0.05). In the research, there were statistically significant differences in nursing students’ mean DS-R scores as per the variables of student gender and class year. Also, it was found that, as per the variables of student nationality and the status of assuming responsibility for the care of a sick or old relative, there were statistically significant differences in both nursing students’ mean DS-R scores and their mean WCES scores (p < 0.05). ConclusionIt was concluded that nursing students had high-level disgust sensitivity and medium-level willingness to care for an older adult. As the disgust sensitivity of the nursing students increased, their willingness to care for an older adult was negatively affected. Therefore, it is important that nurse educators evaluate nursing students’ disgust sensitivity and help nursing students define and eliminate their disgust emotions

The impact of surgical intervention on religious coping, psychological well-being, and pain levels in older adult patients: A quasi-experimental study

AimThis study aimed to determine the impact of surgical intervention on religious coping, psychological well-being, and pain levels in older adult patients. MethodThe data of the study, which used a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design without a control group, was collected between July 1, 2023, - January 30, 2024. Data collection involved the use of a Personal Information Form, the Religious Coping Scale, the Psychological Well-Being Scale, and the Visual Analog Scale. ResultsThe results revealed a significant increase in psychological well-being and positive religious coping after surgical intervention compared to presurgical levels (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that male gender, younger age, enhanced psychological well-being, and positive religious coping were identified as factors contributing to a reduction in postsurgical pain levels. ConclusionThe study's results indicate that surgical intervention serves as a significant variable influencing psychological well-being and religious coping among older adult patients.

The effects of online intervention program implemented during COVID-19 on the quality of life and physical activities of individuals with intellectual disabilities and their mothers.

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of the Online Intervention Program implemented during the COVID-19 period on the quality of life (QoL) and physical activity (PA) levels of individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and their mothers. The experimental method was used in this study. A total of 184 people, 92 individuals with intellectual disability and their mothers participated in the study. By random assignment method, 40 participants with ID and their mothers were assigned to the experimental group (EG) and 52 participants and their mothers were assigned to the control group (CG). The participants with ID in the EG participated in PA and music activities for 60 minutes a day, three days a week for 12 weeks, and the mothers participated in a psychological counseling program for 80 minutes a day, one day a week. "Personal information form" and "WHOQOL-BREF Turkish version" for mothers, "WHOQOL-BREF & Intellectual Disability Module" for individuals with ID, and "International Physical Activity Questionnaire" for mothers and individuals with ID were used as data collection tools. As a result of the analyses, it was found that the mothers and the individuals with ID who participated in the online intervention program maintained their PA levels, the mothers showed a significant increase in all sub-dimensions of QoL, and the individuals with ID had a partial increase in their QoL.

The moderating role of social anxiety in the effect of self-esteem on attitude of violence against women

This study aimed to examine the mediating role of social anxiety in the effect of self-esteem on the attitude of violence towards women. The sample of the study consists of 1093 university students. The study data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Social Anxiety Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Iskebe Violence Against Women Attitude Scale. The mediation analysis was conducted using the Process Macro developed by Hayes. According to the findings, social anxiety mediates the relationship between self-esteem and violence against women. Individuals with high levels of social anxiety and low self-esteem tend to have an increased attitude towards violence against women. When the results of the regression analysis, which showed the mediation effect, were examined, it was determined that the effect of self-esteem on the attitude of violence against women was negative and significant. As self-esteem increases, the level of violence against women decreases. Our results indicate that adopting positive self-esteem is significant for reducing the negative outcomes on attitudes towards violence against women.

The Effect of Fear of Covid-19 on Immunosuppressive Treatment Compliance in Patients with Liver Transplantation

Objective: In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of fear of Covid-19 on immunosuppressive treatment compliance in patients who underwent liver transplantation surgery. Method: This descriptive study was conducted at the liver transplant center of a university hospital with the participation of 169 patients. Data; It was collected face to face and online by researchers between February and March 2024. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Coronavirus (Covid-19) Fear Scale and Compliance with Immunosuppressive Medication Use scales. Data analysis was done with IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) Statistics 25 program. Results: 58.6% of the patients were male, 80.5% were married, 72% of the patients used tacrolimus as the immunosuppressive drug after the transplant, 63.3% did not catch Covid-19, 15.4% were diagnosed with Covid-19. It was determined that he lost a relative. Simple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the scales used and no statistically significant relationship was found between the two scales (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: It is recommended to create support programs that will include the normalization processes of liver transplant patients who are afraid of Covid-19 in order to become more compatible with their daily lives.

Medical Students' Ethical Use of Information and Communication Technologies

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ethical tendencies of medical faculty students, their unethical use of information and communication technologies, and their attitudes toward digital ethics in terms of certain variables. The study was designed using a relational survey model. The research group consisted of 335 medical faculty students studying at a state university in Turkey. Data were collected using the "Personal Information Form," the "Ethical Tendencies Scale," Information and Communication Technologies Ethics Scale," and "Attitude towards Digital Ethics Scale." The data analysis revealed that medical faculty students' digital ethical attitudes and ethical tendencies were at a high level and positive, while their unethical use of information and communication technologies was at a very low level. The study's findings indicated that there were gender-related differences in medical students' unethical use of ICT. In addition, there were significant differences in the ethical tendencies of the participating students based on the variable of year of study. Lastly, medical students' unethical use of information and communication technologies were significantly affected by their ethical tendencies and attitudes towards digital ethics.

The effect of brochure-assisted education given before septorhinoplasty on surgical fear and anxiety: A randomized controlled trial.

This study is a randomized controlled interventional study aimed to determine the effect of preoperative brochure-assisted education on surgical fear and anxiety in patients scheduled for septorhinoplasty surgery. The study was conducted between May 2022 and February 2023 in the Otorhinolaryngology services and clinics of a training and research hospital in the southern region of Turkey. The study included 61 patients, with 29 in the education group and 32 in the control group. All patients received routine nursing care before surgery, with the education group receiving additional education through an informative brochure. The data were collected using the "Personal Information Form", "Surgical Fear Questionnaire", and "Surgical Anxiety Questionnaire". There was no significant difference in the mean scores of surgical fear between the groups on the morning of the surgery (p > 0.05). However, a significant difference was found in the mean scores of surgical anxiety between the groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, patients in the education group who received preoperative brochure-assisted education had lower anxiety compared with the control group.

Supportive care needs after surgery in patients with breast cancer

PurposeThis study aimed to determine supportive care needs and related factors after surgery in patients with breast cancer.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted with 98 breast cancer patients in a Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul between September 2022 and November 2023. The Personal Information Form and the Supportive Care Needs Survey Short Form Turkish version were used to collect data. One-way variance analysis, post hoc (Tukey, LSD), and t-test were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe total scale mean score for women who underwent surgery for breast cancer in the study was 83.95 22.97. Statistically significantly higher total scale scores were observed in younger women and those who received chemotherapy and radiotherapy than in others. The mean physical and daily living subscale scores of those who received chemotherapy and radiotherapy were higher than those who did not (p < .05). The psychology subscale mean scores of those who were young and unemployed were higher than the others (p < .05). The mean sexuality scores of those who were young, those with high education levels, and those who received chemotherapy were higher than the other groups (p < .05). Age factor affects SCN scores in women with breast cancer.ConclusionSupportive care needs are higher among women with breast cancer who are younger and receive chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The physical needs of those who receive chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the psychological needs of those who are younger and unemployed, and the need for support regarding sexuality were greater among those who are younger and with higher education. Nurses should be aware of the specific needs of these disadvantaged groups and provide individualized holistic care.

The Effect of Physical Activity on Quality of Life in Refugee Children

The aim of this study was to show the relationship between the quality of life and physical activity of refugee children who came to Turkey as a result of forced migration from their home countries. The study was conducted with the voluntary participation of 100 children between the ages of 14 and 17 living in the center of Çorum province in Turkey who were admitted as refugees. The data was collected by means of a questionnaire. The "Personal Information Form" created by the researchers was used in the first part and the "High School Quality of Life Scale (HSQOLS)" was used in the second part. For the selection of statistical tests, two independent group comparisons were made using the Mann Whitney U-test, as the data were not normally distributed. Comparisons between three independent groups were carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test, as the data were not normally distributed. To determine the different groups after the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mann Whitney U post hoc pairwise comparison test with Bonferroni correction was used. The statistical significance level was assumed to be p0.005. Statistically significant differences were found between participants' athletic status in Turkey, athletic branch in Turkey, athletic branch in their country of origin, athletic branch in their country of origin, and athletic age and the total scale and all sub-dimensions of the LISCEC (p0.05). It is therefore hypothesized that physical activity and sport positively influence the quality of life of refugee children from different cultures in the countries where they settle and that this interaction is due to the integrative function of sport.

Transformative impact of positive psychotherapy-based hope placement program on life goals and hope level of individuals with multiple sclerosis.

This study aimed to assess the impact of a positive psychotherapy-based hope placement program on life goal setting and hope levels in individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). A Solomon Four-Group experimental design was used, involving 50 individuals diagnosed with MS who sought treatment at a university hospital's neurology outpatient clinic. Experimental (1-2) and control (1-2) groups were randomized, and pretests were administered exclusively to the experimental and control groups. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Herth Hope Scale, and the Scale for Determining Life Goals in the Context of Positive Psychotherapy. A 5-week/10-session Positive Psychotherapy-Based Hope Placement Program was conducted online for the Experimental groups. The research was conducted in the form of group therapy. Post-tests were administered to all groups upon program completion. The experimental 1-2 group exhibited statistically significant improvements in the Scale for Identifying Life Goals in the Context of Positive Psychotherapy and Herth Hope Scale scores (p<.05). The Positive Psychotherapy-Based Hope Placement Program effectively enhances hope levels and life goal setting for individuals diagnosed with MS. The results indicate that the program increased the sense of purpose in life and elevated levels of hope among MS patients. These findings suggest that positive psychotherapy-based interventions significantly improve the quality of life for MS patients. This study examines the impact of a Positive Psychotherapy-based hope placement program on determining hope and life purpose in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This research shows that HOPP (Hope Placement Program), an intervention based on Positive Psychotherapy, can significantly improve the quality of life of MS patients. These findings support the consideration of Positive Psychotherapy-based approaches as a potential therapeutic option that can positively influence the life experiences of MS patients. Therefore, this article makes an important contribution to researchers interested in using Positive Psychotherapy-based interventions in clinical practice and related research.

The effects of motivational interviewing on sexual quality of life and sexual self-efficacy in postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of motivational interviewing on sexual quality of life and sexual self-efficacy in postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction. This randomized controlled study was conducted with 164 postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction who presented to the gynecology outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Kahramanmaras, Türkiye (82 experimental, 82 control). The data were collected using a personal information form, the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale-Female Version Questionnaire, the Sexual Quality of Life-Female Questionnaire, and the Sexual Self-Efficacy Scale. Four motivational interview sessions were conducted with the postmenopausal women in the experimental group at 1-week intervals, and those in the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-squared test, and independent samples and paired samples t tests. Both the sexual quality of life and sexual self-efficacy levels of the participants in the experimental and control groups were similar in the pretest stage (P > 0.05). After the motivational interviews with those in the experimental group, the rate of sexual dysfunction was determined as 82.9% in the experimental group and 98.8% in the control group. Additionally, after the motivational interviews, the sexual dysfunction scores of the participants in the experimental group decreased significantly, and their sexual quality of life and sexual self-efficacy levels increased significantly compared to those in the control group (P < 0.001). The results of this study revealed that motivational interviewing decreased sexual dysfunction and increased sexual quality of life and sexual self-efficacy in postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction.

Relationship between playing-related factors and occupational balance in professional violinists.

Playing performance of musicians may affect their occupational balance. The violin is one of the riskiest string instruments for the musculoskeletal health. To show the effect of socio-demographics, playing posture, pain, and functionality on occupational balance in professional violinists in Istanbul. Forty-five violinists aged 29.1±10.6 years were included. The Personal Information Form, the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory, the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale, the Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand - Sports/Musicians (DASH-SM), the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment, and the 11-item revised version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11 - T) were used. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the variables and occupational balance. The only significant correlation was found between doing regular exercise and occupational balance (r = 0.539, p < 0.001) with those having an exercise habit reporting higher occupational balance scores. The mean pain score of the violinists increased from a pre-performing mean of 1.6±2.3 to a post-performance mean of 3.91±2.4. Musicians indicate that they practice physical exercise regularly. A strong methodological limitation of this study is that variables like exercise were evaluated with a self-reported survey which limited the analysis and so we hardly find any relationships between them. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the relationship between playing-related factors and occupational balance in violinists. There may be other factors affecting occupational balance in violinists and also in the other musicians. Similar studies are needed in other countries also using different assessments specific to musicians.

The Effect of Simulation Education on Nursing Students' Perception and Fear of COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Aim: This study aims to determine the effect of simulation education on nursing students’ perception and fear of the COVID-19 disease. Method: This study was conducted in a randomized controlled trials with 86 nursing students from a university between November 10 and December 10, 2021. Data were collected using a personal information form and the Approach to COVID-19 Patient Form, which were designed by the researchers, the COVID-19 Disease Perception Scale, and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Results: While the COVID-19 Fear Scale mean score of the intervention and control groups was high before the training, it decreased after the training. After the training of the intervention and control group, the mean score of the COVID-19 Disease Perception Scale increased. It was found that the simulation education given to the intervention group increased the level of correct implementation of the interventions related to approaching patients after the education. Conclusion: It was found that the simulation education given to students provided positive improvements in the approach to patients with COVID-19 and disease perception and fear levels.