Disclosure Of Personal Information Research Articles

댓글분석을 활용한 사이코패스 인식: 웹크롤링과 LDA를 중심으로

This study explored the perceptions of psychopath among the general public in South Korea by collecting comments through web crawling. To uncover the hidden structures and automatically extract topics, we utilized Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for topic modeling. A total of 29,126 comments were collected for the final analysis, and through the preprocessing of unstructured natural language data, 7,519 unique words were identified. The results revealed four distinct topics. Topic 1 was named 'Negative perception and demand for capital punishment' as it primarily contained negative words about psychopaths and calls for the death penalty. Topic 2, which was dominated by words related to judges' rulings, was named 'Expectations and concerns about judicial decisions.' Topic 3 was named 'Demands for personal information disclosure,' consisting mainly of words related to the disclosure of personal and facial information. Topic 4 was named 'Words associated with psychopath,' as it included words frequently mentioned in conjunction with psychopath. This research identified several misconceptions about psychopath. It was observed that the general public tends to view psychopath as a mental illness that could justify a reduced sentence, and they perceive psychopath as irredeemable. Thus, this study contributes to enhancing the understanding of psychopath by capturing the social perception and diversity related to it.

The Infringement of Deepfake Technology on Personal Privacy and Legal Protection: A Discussion Based on Article 1032 of the Civil Code

The rapid development of deepfake technology has infringed upon personal privacy in the form of the disclosure and misuse of personal information, infringement upon the peace of people's life, and damage to personal image and reputation. The disclosure and misuse of personal information should be analysed from the perspectives of personal use and commercial use of information data; infringement upon the peace of people's life should be examined from the perspectives of fraud and harassment, and malicious pursuit using deepfake technology; and damage to personal image and reputation should be discussed from the two levels of initial damage to personal image and reputation and aggravated damage to personal reputation after dissemination through the media. Article 1032 of the Civil Code clearly defines the scope of privacy protection as the peace of people's private life, private space, private activities and private information, as well as the infringement of privacy rights through means such as spying, intrusion, disclosure and publication, which reflects the legislative inertia to strengthen the protection of privacy and personal information. Article 1032 of the Civil Code, the Personal Information Protection Law, the Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis of Internet-based Information Services, and other laws and regulations together form the current personal privacy protection system. However, existing laws do not provide specific explanations for key terms such as 'leakage', 'intrusion' and 'damage', which leads to uncertainty in the application of the law and makes it difficult to effectively protect personal privacy in actual operations. At the same time, there is a lack of clear definitions of the scenarios and specific standards of behaviour that the technology may involve, which has exacerbated public concerns about personal privacy security. Strengthening legal protection against deepfake technology requires refining legal concepts and drawing on knowledge from comparative law: 'leakage' can be considered the illegal acquisition and dissemination of unauthorised data and information, 'intrusion' can be defined as behaviour that disrupts the normal order of others and causes mental distress, and 'damage' can be understood as behaviour that causes negative evaluation or loss to the image, reputation or property of others. The legislative department should take the lead and cooperate with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in formulating specific standards for evaluating behaviour. The deterrent effect of the law should be strengthened by refining relevant legal provisions in the Civil Code and the Personal Information Protection Law and increasing the penalties for violations of the law. This will better balance technological development and personal privacy protection and improve China's personal privacy protection system.

Explaining Privacy Paradox on WeChat

With the development of the information age, people need to disclose personal information in exchange for socializing and related services. At the same time, people's privacy concerns are gradually increasing. Privacy paradox has become a normal phenomenon in social network sites (SNS). The loss of control of privacy might lead to privacy fatigue. Previous work has studied the mechanism of privacy paradox and explored the influence of specific factors on privacy paradox. However, the effect of privacy fatigue on privacy paradox among SNS users has not been studied. In this study, we use structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the effect of privacy fatigue on personal information disclosure intentions and actual behaviors among WeChat users. Our results of 710 participants showed that privacy fatigue has a mediating role between privacy concern and privacy disclosure intention, and has a positive influence on privacy disclosure intention and disclosure behavior. Based on these results, we provide implications to reduce privacy fatigue and privacy paradox.

Decoding privacy concerns: the role of perceived risk and benefits in personal health data disclosure

BackgroundPersonal health data is crucial for effective medical care, personalized treatment, and health monitoring. It enables accurate diagnosis, efficient treatment plans, and informed healthcare decisions. Personal health data should be protected to ensure patient privacy, prevent misuse or unauthorized access, and maintain trust in healthcare systems, thereby safeguarding individuals’ sensitive information from potential harm or exploitation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether perceived risk and perceived benefits have mediating roles in the relationships among individuals’ personal health information disclosure behaviour, perceived control, and privacy concerns.MethodThe population of the study consisted of individuals living in the provinces of Izmir, Konya and Adana. The sample of the study consisted of individuals who were reached through a convenience sampling method. The scales for privacy concerns, perceived control, perceived risk, perceived benefits and information disclosure behaviour were used in the study. Cronbach’s alpha and the AVE were calculated, and a confirmatory factor analysis was performed. A path analysis was performed using the structural equation model to test the hypotheses.ResultsThe analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between individuals’ personal health data disclosure behaviour and their privacy concerns. However, perceived risk and perceived benefit did not mediate this relationship. Additionally, a significant positive relationship was found between individuals’ behaviour of disclosing their perceived control and personal health data, with perceived risk and benefits playing a mediating role in this relationship.ConclusionThe study concluded that as individuals’ concerns about sharing personal health data increase, they are less likely to share these data. It was also found that perceived risk and perceived benefit mediate this relationship. Additionally, higher perceived risk intensifies privacy concerns, further discouraging data sharing, while perceived benefits can mitigate these concerns, promoting greater willingness to disclose health information.

Weighing user's privacy calculus on personal information disclosure: the moderating effect of social media identification

PurposeWith the widespread collection and utilization of user data, privacy security has become a crucial factor influencing online engagement. In response to the growing concern about privacy security issues on social media, this research aims to examine the key causes of social media users' privacy calculus and how the balance between perceived privacy risks and benefits affects users' privacy concerns and their subsequent willingness to disclose personal information.Design/methodology/approachThe characteristics of the privacy calculus were extracted through partially structured interviews. A research model derived from privacy calculus theory was constructed, and latent variable modeling was employed to validate the proposed hypotheses.FindingsInformation sensitivity, experiences of privacy violations, social influence and the effectiveness of privacy policies influence users' privacy calculus. Privacy risk positively influences privacy concerns. Personal information disclosure willingness is positively influenced by privacy benefits and negatively influenced by privacy concerns, with both paths moderated by social media identification.Originality/valueThis study explores the key antecedents of users' privacy calculus and how these factors influence privacy concerns and subsequent willingness to disclose information on social media. It offers new insights into the privacy paradox observed within social media by validating the moderating role of social media identification on users' information disclosure willingness.

Personal Identity Proofing for E-Commerce: A Case Study of Online Service Users in the Republic of Korea

The rapid expansion of non-face-to-face e-commerce services in the Korea has significantly increased the importance of personal identity proofing (PIP) for verifying users in online transactions, such as payments, refunds, membership registrations, and access to age-restricted products. Currently, personal identity proofing agencies (PIPAs) indiscriminately provide all of a user’s personal information to internet service providers (ISPs), leading to substantial privacy concerns and preventing users from selectively disclosing only the necessary information. The objective of this paper is to enhance the safety, convenience, and security of PIP services by proposing a method that empowers users to control the personal information they disclose while enabling digital identity integration for both online and offline applications. To achieve this, an extensive overview and analysis of the current PIP systems in Korea is presented, including methods. The strengths and weaknesses of these systems are critically examined, revealing limitations in privacy protection, user convenience, and security. Based on this analysis, a new method is proposed that introduces differentiated levels of PIP means according to authentication strength, allowing for the minimal necessary disclosure of personal information. The proposed method aims to improve the stability and reliability of the PIP service environment by addressing current privacy concerns and enhancing user control over personal information. This approach can be applied to e-commerce services in Korea and other countries facing similar challenges, contributing to the development of safer and more reliable online services.

High subjective socioeconomic status positively predicts the willingness to disclose privacy

In the digital era, consumers' information has become a vital marketing asset. Despite the potential risks associated with compromising privacy, some consumers willingly permit companies to collect their data. As consumers with more resources may face more significant consequences if their privacy is compromised, it is important to understand the privacy disclosure intent of consumers with high socioeconomic status. We conducted two studies, in the United States (n = 284) and China (n = 303). We found that high subjective (but not objective) socioeconomic status positively predicted participants' tendency to report their personal information in the consumer survey, with this relationship being mediated by higher levels of interpersonal trust. This is the first study to examine the relationship between subjective socioeconomic status and personal information disclosure. As such, it contributes to expanding existing research domains while also offering valuable insights into marketing strategies aimed at safeguarding consumer privacy.

Does the decision to disclose non-suicidal self-injury align with decision-making frameworks of personal information disclosure? A directed content analysis.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the deliberate damage caused to one's own body tissue, without the intent to die. Voluntary disclosure of one's NSSI can catalyze help-seeking and provision of support, although what informs the decision to disclose NSSI is not yet well understood. There is currently no existing framework specific to the process of NSSI disclosure, and the aim of this study was to assess the fit between factors involved in the decision to disclose NSSI and two broader frameworks of disclosure: the Disclosure Decision-Making and Disclosure Processes models. A directed content analysis was used to code interview transcripts from 15 participants, all of whom were university students aged between 18 and 25 (M = 20.33, SD = 1.88), with 11 identifying as female. All participants had lived experience of NSSI which they had previously disclosed to at least one other person. All codes within the coding matrix, which were informed by the disclosure models, were identified as being present in the data. Of the 229 units of data, 95.63% were captured in the existing frameworks with only 10 instances being unique to NSSI disclosure. Though factors that inform the decision to disclose NSSI largely align with the aforementioned models of disclosure, there are aspects of disclosure decision-making that may be specific to NSSI.

The Current Situation and Prevention of AI Telecom Fraud: Starting from Personal Information Protection

AI telecom fraud is an act of using artificial intelligence deep cooperation and analysis technology to create false information to lure and deceive individuals and illegal possession of money. With the rapid development of the Internet and AI, the number of AI telecom fraud cases has exploded, so how to prevent AI telecom fraud has become an important issue in society. AI telecom fraud has led to a series of problems, such as the illegal collection and malicious disclosure of personal information, criminals using AI to analyze personal information for fraud, and the industry does not adequately supervise the collection and use of personal information by companies. This article uses case analysis, normative analysis, and comparative research methods to analyze the above three problems and proposes the solution, including establishing a complete legal regulatory system for personal information protection and the prevention and control of AI telecom fraud, and strengthening industry supervision. It is hoped that by applying the above-mentioned solutions, the protection of personal information and the prevention and control of AI telecom fraud can be strengthened, and the development of AI telecom fraud prevention and control in China can be promoted.

Empowering college students with personal privacy protection and anti-fraud on the internet: A comprehensive learning approach

As college students increasingly navigate their academic pursuits and social lives through the digital realm, safeguarding personal privacy on the internet becomes a pressing concern. For example, deep forgery technology has further increased personal privacy concerns. This technique can produce fake videos, pictures, and sounds that are highly realistic, making it a tool for the misuse of personal and sound data. Several artificial intelligences (AI) systems require large amounts of data for training and improvement, which can involve collecting and storing sensitive personal information. If this data is not adequately protected, and there is no clear privacy policy, it may lead to the misuse or disclosure of personal information. In response to the rapid development of artificial intelligence and the impact of deep forgery technology on privacy and security, this research first tested the students' understanding of deep forgery technology, then introduced the dangers of this technology, and finally gave them a reasonable and effective solution. To promote active learning, activities are integrated to simulate real-world scenarios that college students might encounter. These include creating strong passwords, identifying phishing attempts, and understanding the implications of oversharing on social media platforms. Additionally, students are encouraged to examine case studies documenting privacy breaches and their impact on individuals and society. This essay aims to present an effective learning approach for college students to enhance their understanding of personal privacy protection online and provide an effective way of solving personal problems.

Who should decide how much information to collect?

Abstract This article examines the tradeoffs concerning the collection and disclosure of personal information and considers either the seller or the buyers choosing how much information to collect. We identify two channels through which having heterogeneous buyers make the decision increases social welfare: the full internalization of privacy costs and the customized choice of information levels. Perhaps surprisingly, the buyers voluntarily provide more information than what is mandatorily collected particularly when privacy is a significant concern, which often benefits the seller. Consumer and total welfare are increased with buyers choosing how much information to collect unless the external value of information is sufficiently large relative to the buyers’ privacy cost and heterogeneity in valuation. Given the growing privacy concerns surrounding personal data, our analysis supports offering consumers the autonomy, which can result in a Pareto improvement.

The use of doping control data to administer sex-based eligibility regulations: an analysis of how the World Anti-Doping Agency and international sport federations violate data protection laws

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)’s World Anti-Doping Code (WADC) provides that anti-doping organizations, such as international sport federations (IFs), may use data from a doping control test to monitor compliance with sex-based eligibility regulations that regulate the serum testosterone levels of transgender and intersex athletes. This contemplated use of doping control data has been incorporated into the regulations of several IFs and is facilitated by WADA’s Anti-Doping Administration Management System (ADAMS)—a web-based database managed by WADA in Canada that contains analytical results from doping control tests and is accessible by anti-doping organizations. WADA’s collection, use and disclosure of personal information through ADAMS is subject to Canada’s Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA). This paper examines WADA’s non-compliance with PIPEDA when it discloses doping control data in ADAMS to an IF for the purpose of the IF’s administration of sex-based eligibility regulations, and how a complaint about WADA’s data disclosures might be handled by Canada’s Privacy Commissioner. The paper also examines the application of the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation to IFs that seek to use doping control data stored in or outside of ADAMS to administer sex-based eligibility regulations. The paper concludes with the perspective that data protection laws can be used to challenge the implementation of sex-based eligibility regulations, alongside other human rights-based legal strategies.

Social Media Data Privacy Related to Security Awareness and Student Trust Regarding Data on Instagram

Instagram, as one of the most popular social media sites, has brought many new trends. Many people use Instagram to express themselves or share content through photos and videos. While social media data privacy is important, many people still share their daily activities and personal data. This causes a lot of personal information disclosure, which can lead to the potential for crime or misuse of the scattered data, considering that data is crucial today. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine people's social media data privacy and security awareness on Instagram, especially those with a data-related educational background. This research uses quantitative descriptive methods, distributing questionnaires through Google Forms in group chats, personal chats, or questionnaires to respondents directly. The population in this study is made up of students with a computing program background. It also used purposive sampling to determine the number of 153 samples. From the descriptive analysis, it is known that most respondents are aware of the vulnerability of social media data privacy on Instagram. This can be seen from respondents who know what data is used by Instagram, where they also monitor login activity. Respondents also secure their Instagram accounts by not using the same password as other social media accounts. However, in certain cases, some respondents still need to realize this awareness, so education is still needed regarding the importance of social media data privacy, especially on Instagram. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-02-015 Full Text: PDF

CCTV Footage De-identification for Privacy Protection: A Comprehensive Survey

<p>Privacy preservation is a significant concern in our data-driven society, both in the social and political spheres. These concerns are amplified by the continuous emergence of technologies and services, expanding the boundaries of what is possible in our modern era. Technologies, such as audio-video surveillance, play an essential role in security and law enforcement but can potentially lead to privacy breaches. One of the approaches for privacy preservation in still images and video is de-identification which involves replacing or concealing personal identifiers to prevent unauthorized, unintended use or disclosure of personal information. This paper comprehensively reviews privacy and security issues in closed-circuit television (CCTV) data streams, representative state-of-the-art de-identification techniques for privacy protection. We also present a service scenario in which a MEC-enabled distributed system is used for CCTV footage de-identification and re-identification for individuals’ privacy protection. Finally, we highlight open research challenges and future directions for privacy protection in CCTV footage.</p> <p> </p>

Self-Disclosure on Social Media: Do Personality Traits Matter?

The aim of this study is to integrate the privacy calculus theory with the Big Five Personality Traits Theory and to investigate the direct and moderating effects of the Big Five personality traits (openness, neuroticism, agreeableness, extraversion, and conscientiousness) on the relationship between the privacy calculus structural factors (Perceived Risk and Perceived Benefits) and disclosure of personal information on social network sites. A survey was conducted to collect data from 379 social network sites users. The sample is composed of 225 females and 154 males. The survey was designed in Qualtrics and distributed on WhatsApp using the snowball sampling technique. The measurements of the research model and the hypotheses related to the direct and moderating effects were tested using SmartPLS software. We found that perceived risk was a strong inhibitor, while perceived benefit was a strong facilitator for the disclosure of personal information. In contrast to our expectation, we found no indication that the Big Five personality traits moderate the disclosure of personal information. However, agreeableness had a positive direct effect on information disclosure. These results have implications for privacy policy makers in organizations in modifying policies and strategies for users based on their unique personality traits.

Generation Z's perception of privacy on social media: Examining the impact of personalized advertising, interpersonal relationships, reference group dynamics, social isolation, and anxiety on self-disclosure willingness

Research background: Consumers frequently exchange personal data for limited benefits from digital services, despite privacy concerns. This data enables digital providers to tailor content and enhance marketing communication, and digital services' effectiveness and efficiency. Purpose of the article: Utilizing the principles of privacy calculus theory, this study aims to identify how attitudes towards advertising (ATT), perception of advertising credibility (CRE), consumer susceptibility to interpersonal (II) and reference group influence (RGI), social isolation (SI) and social anxiety (SA) influence the willingness of Generation Z to disclose personal information on social media derived from the Generation Z privacy concerns (PC) and develop a prediction model for such behavior. Methods: Data was gathered using an online self-administered questionnaire from a sample of 451 Generation Z individuals. A non-random convenient sampling technique and binary logistic regression were used to quantify the influence of selected independent variables on the dispersion of values in the dependent variable under investigation. Findings & value added: The results highlight that Generation Z's self-disclosure willingness on social media is significantly influenced by attitudes toward advertising and consumer susceptibility to reference group influence. The effect of social isolation was also close to the required level of statistical significance. It means that positive attitudes towards advertising and high susceptibility to influence from reference groups enhance the probability of personal information disclosure. Being one of the few studies to address factors that influence the willingness of Generation Z to disclose personal information on social media, this study stands out for its holistic approach. Thus, combining various interconnected elements provides a fresh perspective to comprehend the intricate dynamics of Generation Z's relationship with privacy on social media.

Pathos or logos? How governance legitimacy perception influences individual privacy trade-offs during COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought attention to the delicate balance between individual privacy concerns and the governance of public health emergencies. Governments are leveraging a wide range of digital methodologies to acquire individual-level data for purposes such as contact tracing, isolation protocols, and surveillance, all aimed at effectively mitigating the deleterious consequences of the epidemic. However, the surrender of individual health information depends on individuals’ perception of the legitimacy of governance. In this research, our objective is to examine how individuals’ perceptions of the legitimacy of governance impact their decisions regarding privacy disclosure. This study stands out by dissecting cognitive and moral legitimacy of governance, uniquely examining their influence on individuals’ altruistic privacy disclosure during a crisis. Unlike previous research, our approach offers a more nuanced understanding of the interplay between governance legitimacy and privacy concessions. From July 15th to August 14th, 2022, amid the 2022 lockdown in Shanghai, China, this study utilizes surveys with established measurement scales, alongside structural equation modeling (SEM), to explore the relationship between individuals’ perceptions of government legitimacy in managing the pandemic and their willingness to compromise health information. The study distinguishes between moral legitimacy (pathos) and cognitive legitimacy (logos). The results find that both cognitive and moral legitimacy positively influence altruism, thus enhancing the efficacy of voluntary disclosure of personal health information to government agencies for pandemic governance. However, it is noteworthy that education level moderates the impact of these two dimensions of legitimacy on altruism. This research provides empirical evidence to enhance our understanding of how different dimensions of citizens’ perceptions of governance legitimacy in crisis situations shape their attitudes and behaviors towards privacy trade-offs.

Legal Boundaries of Data Protection

With the development of Internet, big data and artificial intelligence technology, personal information protection has become the focus of social attention. The legal boundary of data protection has become increasingly prominent, involving the collection, storage, use, transmission and disclosure of personal information. This paper aims to explore the legal boundary of data protection, analyze the legal basis, legal principles and legal provisions of personal information protection, and put forward corresponding legal suggestions, in order to provide reference for the improvement of China's data protection legal system.

Social structural factors influencing personal health information disclosure

As a general behavior in civil social life, how can personal health information disclosure be affected by social structural factors when using the health application? This study used the Social Capital Theory to examine the personal health information behavior. Nationally representative cross-sectional survey data generated by the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) in 2020 was utilized(N = 8628). Logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze the data. After controlling for age, gender, and education covariates, social interaction had no significant impact on health APP information disclosure behavior (OR=0.988),there is a significant positive relationship between trust(OR=1.282)/ reciprocity perception(OR=1.134) and health APP information disclosure behavior. More relational social capitals can enhance individual social trust, maintain reciprocity perception, maintain the balance and stability of social exchange relations.This study extends the application of social capital theory in the study of personal health information disclosure, providing theoretical support for the democratization process of social health governance.

Privacy concerns among the users of a national patient portal: A cross-sectional population survey study

IntroductionSeeking and receiving care requires disclosure of personal information which is recorded as health data in electronic health records. Thereafter, restricting the flow of information is dependent on data protection, information security, ethical conduct, and law. Privacy concerns may arise as patients’ options concerning privacy have been balanced to cater both the privacy of patients and the needs of healthcare, as well as secondary use of data. MethodsThis study examined privacy concerns among the users of a national patient portal in a representative sample of Finnish adults aged 20 to 99 years old (n = 3,731). We used logistic regression analysis with population weights to seek answers to which factors are associated with privacy concerns. The cross-sectional survey data was collected in 2020. ResultsEvery third patient portal user had privacy concerns. Those who were 50 to 59 years old (p = 0.030) had privacy concerns more often than 20 to 49-year-olds. Those who had financial difficulties (p = 0.003) also had privacy concerns more often while those, who had good digital skills (p=<0.026), did not need guidance on telehealth service use (p=<0.001) and found telehealth service use to be beneficial (p = 0.008), had privacy concerns less often. ConclusionThe usefulness of telehealth seems to play an important role in privacy concerns. Another important factor is the skills required to use telehealth services. We encourage providing guidance to those who lack the necessary skills for telehealth service use. We also encourage putting effort not only into data protection and information security measures of telehealth services, but also into providing transparent and comprehensible privacy information for the service users as privacy concerns are common.