Personal Identification Number Research Articles

USE OF E-WALLET AND SECURITY OF DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS

The expansion and capability of electronic transactions within the country's financial and economic system are influenced by the emergence of online financial services and the consumers' adoption of cashless transactions. It's evident that consumers are shifting to digital payment methods with the emergence of a number of digital payment technologies that use devices bearing the e-wallet brand. E-wallets are of great interest due to their ability to facilitate mobile electronic transactions. The information that is digitally recorded includes the user's biometric data and banking information, such as debit or credit cards, as well as a simulation of the user's pocketbook (Singh, G. 2019). Prior to beginning the payment process, users usually need to scan the Quick Response or QR code that has been issued by the merchant or service provider (Widayat et al., 2023). Prior to finalizing a transaction, it is necessary for the user to scan a Quick Response (QR) code and key a security personal identification number (PIN).There are now several e-wallet application vendors to choose from. The advantage that can be derived from this healthy competition is the opportunity to investigate capabilities based on the selection of a variety of applications that offer inevitably distinct facilities. Nonetheless, the selection priority is determined by the user's ability to obtain the finest criteria. Among them are the ease of use, the level of brand recognition, and the offered benefits and features. User preferences must include the most important factor, which is the level of control and security when using the application. The purpose of this summary is to examine the involved security features and how they are implemented. The study encompassed four electronic wallet service providers, specifically Touch 'n Go, Boost, GrabPay, and MAE.

Social Services Post-discharge and Their Association With Readmission in a 2016 Swedish Geriatric Cohort

ObjectivesTo describe the social services received by a 2016 Swedish cohort after discharge from inpatient geriatric care and to analyze the association between level of social services post-discharge and 30-day readmission. DesignObservational, closed-cohort study. Setting and ParticipantsAll patients admitted to 1 of 3 regionally operated inpatient geriatric care settings in Region Stockholm, Sweden, in 2016 (n = 7453). MethodsIndividual-level data from medical records and population registries were linked using unique personal identification numbers. Descriptive statistics were reported for 4 levels of municipal social services post-discharge: long-term care, 1 to 50 home help hours per month, >50 home help hours per month, and no home help. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to analyze the association between level of social services post-discharge and 3 outcomes within 30 days: readmission, death without readmission, or neither readmission nor death. ResultsResults show that almost 11% of patients were discharged to long-term care and 54% received municipal home help services. Individuals with no municipal home help or with 1 to 50 hours per month were more likely to be readmitted within 30 days compared with those in long-term care. Living with more than 50 hours of help was not associated with an increased likelihood of 30-day readmission. Conclusions and ImplicationsPatients who received inpatient geriatric care are significant users of municipal social services post-discharge. Living in long-term care or with extensive home help appears to be a protective factor in preventing readmission compared with more limited or no home help services. Care transitions for this frail patient group require careful social care planning. Supporting individuals discharged with fewer social service hours may help reduce readmissions.

Risk of atrial tachycardias after covid-19: nationwide self-controlled cases series and matched cohort study

Abstract Background COVID-19 is a multiorgan disease. We previously identified COVID-19 as a risk factor for myocardial infarction, stroke (1), venous thromboembolism and bleeding (2). Less evidence exists on the risk of arrhythmias after COVID-19. Previous studies included mainly hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, and there are no nationwide studies published. Purpose The aim of this study was to estimate the risk of atrial tachycardias (atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter) following COVID-19, including all individuals tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Sweden, regardless of disease severity. Method COVID-19 has been a notifiable disease in Sweden. All individuals in Sweden who were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between February 1, 2020 and May 25, 2021 were included in the study. We identified four control individuals for each COVID-19 individual matched on age, sex, and county of residence. Using Personal Identification Numbers, we cross-linked data from national registries: COVID-19 registry; Inpatient and Outpatient Registry; Cause of Death Registry; Prescribed Pharmaceutical Registry and Intensive Care Registry. Outcomes are cardiovascular events, defined using ICD-10 diagnosis codes for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter in the registries. We performed a ‘’first-ever event’’ analysis, i.e., we excluded individuals with events before the study period. The self-controlled case series (SCCS) method was used to determine the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of a first atrial tachycardia during the risk periods 1-7, 8-14, 15-30, 31-60, 61-90, and 91-180 days after COVID-19. In the matched cohort study (MCS), Poisson regression was performed to calculate the risk ratio (RR) of a first arrhythmia event in the risk period 1-30 days following COVID-19, after adjusting for the effect of confounders, such as cardiac disease, treatment with antiarrhythmics, comorbidities and vaccination status. Results 1 057 174 cases and 4 074 844 controls were included in the study. In the SCCS, the risk of first atrial tachycardia was significantly increased up to 60 days following COVID-19. Specifically, during days 1-7 and 8-14 post-COVID-19 the IRRs were approximately 12 and 10 respectively. Similarly, in the MCS the RR for the first atrial tachycardia during day 1-30 post-COVID-19 was approximately 11. The risks were higher in patients with more severe COVID-19; and during the first pandemic wave compared to the second and third wave. Conclusions This study suggests that COVID-19 is a risk factor for atrial tachycardias, based on information obtained on all people who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Sweden, regardless of disease severity. These results could impact recommendations on diagnostic and prophylactic strategies against atrial tachycardias after COVID-19. The importance of preventive strategies, such as risk factor control; vaccination to prevent severe COVID-19; and early review of high-risk individuals after COVID-19, is indicated.Overview of the SCCS study design.Results of the SCCS- and MCS-studies.

Lower incidence of new-onset heart disease following covid-19 compared to viral pneumonia despite more echocardiography

Abstract Background Studies have shown an increased risk of cardiac disease and dysfunction following COVID-19. However, it remains unknown whether infection with COVID-19 differs from other viral pneumonias with respect to subsequent incident heart disease. Purpose To determine the incidence of heart disease and use of cardiac procedures in patients following a diagnosis of COVID-19 compared to other viral pneumonias. Methods In a retrospective, observational study, we compared incidence rates for cardiac disease diagnosed after hospitalization with COVID-19 February-November 2020 versus hospitalization with viral pneumonia as the main diagnosis in 2018-2019. Data was obtained from The Norwegian Patient Registry and the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases, and linked with a unique national person identification number. We defined heart disease using ICD-10 codes and used Cox regression models to compare the hazard of first episodes of myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation/flutter, heart failure, ischemic disease, other cardiac disease, and total heart disease (any of these conditions). Patients were followed until 31 December 2020, with censoring on this date or a maximum of 274 days after hospital admission. Results Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in 2020 (n = 2,359) were younger, mean 59 (SD 18) vs 69 (19) years, had fewer comorbidities, had fewer hospitalizations prior to the index hospitalization (0.5 (1.2) vs 0.9 (1.8)), were more frequently treated with respiratory support (14.2% vs 7.8%) and had higher in-hospital mortality (6.9% vs 2.3%) than patients hospitalized with viral pneumonia in 2018-2019 (n = 9,018). Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 had a lower crude incidence of new total heart disease than those with viral pneumonia (56 [95%CI 48-65] vs 75 [95%CI 71-79] per 100,000 person-years). This difference persisted after adjusting for age, sex, Charlson comorbidity score (comprising age, sex, and 17 dichotomized comorbidities), hospital admission during the previous year, respiratory support, and a propensity score for being hospitalized for COVID-19 vs. other pneumonia: Hazard ratio (HR) 0.79 [95%CI 0.67-0.94], p = 0.006. Patients with COVID-19 more frequently underwent echocardiography: HR 1.41 [1.23-1.63], p = <0.001 (Fig. 1). Conclusion Following hospitalization for COVID-19, the incidence of total heart disease and heart failure was lower than for patients hospitalized with viral pneumonia, despite more frequent examinations with echocardiography.Figure 1

Low agreement between Swedish national registers and parental questionnaires on allergic rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) has been well documented using questionnaire-based studies. Here, we examine the agreement between parental-reported data during childhood with the emphasis on 12-year-olds and data from two national Swedish registers to determine whether register data on AR can supplement or replace questionnaire data. Data were collected from a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of children born in western Sweden in 2003. Parental questionnaires were filled out at 6 months and one, four, eight, and 12 years of age. A total of 3634 children were linked to the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (SPDR) and the National Patient Register (NPR) using personal identity numbers. The agreement between the register and questionnaire data was estimated using Cohen's kappa with 95% confidence intervals. According to the SPDR, 9.9% (n = 360/3634) of the children were dispensed specific AR medication at 11-13 years of age compared with the 12 years questionnaire where 23% reported AR medication use during the last 12 months. The overall agreement between questionnaire and SPDR data on AR medication was slight (kappa 0.05). At 11-12 years, 1.8% (n = 65/3634) of the children received an outpatient AR diagnosis in the NPR, while 10% reported doctor-diagnosed AR in the questionnaire. The overall agreement between questionnaire and NPR data on AR diagnosis was slight (kappa 0.16). There was poor agreement between questionnaire and register data regarding AR and dispensed medication. Explanations could include over-the-counter drugs and diagnosis in primary care, which are not included in the registers.

Case report Norway

Abstract Norway gathers health information about the population through the 18 central law-regulated health registries and a system of questionnaire-based health surveys. The health registries, including the Medical Birth Registry (founded in 1967) and the Cause of Death Registry (founded in 1951) contain information about the entire population, with data linked to the unique personal identification number, which makes them valuable and trustworthy data sources. In general, surveys can be less dependable, in that participation rates are falling, and participants may not be representative. International data reporting has been regarded as important for Norway, which has reported data to WHO's Health for All database back to 1970. When the SDG indicators were requested by the UN and WHO, Norway was able to deliver 26 of the 28 indicators (93%) on the UN list, though some indicators, such as 3.3.3 (Malaria incidence), were regarded as unnecessary. Indicators 3.5.1 (Substance use treatment interventions) and 3.b.3 (Health facilities with essential medicines) are not reported because of the organisation of the health system. From 2015, the Norwegian Ministry of Health and other national agencies have discussed the validity of the SDG targets for Norway. In 2017, Statistics Norway published a report about the availability of SDG indicators for Norway, and in 2018 a meeting between the relevant ministries resulted in a decision to start reporting the official UN indicators. In 2021 Statistics Norway published a taxonomy of the SDG indicators, and the same year, published all available indicators in a bilingual SDG portal on their web pages. The same year, the Norwegian Ministry of Health decided to start adding to the official UN SDG 3 indicators, and in collaboration between the Norwegian Institute of Public Health and Statistics Norway, 16 extra indicators describing the SDG 3 targets have been defined and are being published, with another 20 in the pipeline.

Prevention of Childhood Adversities and Children’s Common Mental Disorders and School Grades

Adversity during childhood can limit children's chances of achieving their optimal developmental and psychological outcomes. Well-designed observational studies might help identify adversities that are most implicated in this, thereby helping to identify potential targets for developing interventions. To compare the association between preventing childhood poverty, parental mental illness and parental separation, and the population rate of offspring common mental disorders (ages 16-21 years) or average school grades (age 16 years). A population-based, longitudinal cohort study using Swedish registries was conducted. A total of 163 529 children born in Sweden between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 1997, were followed up until their 21st birthday. They were linked to registries using Sweden's national personal identification number. Children were linked to birth parents, hospital records, and school data. Parents were linked to registries containing health, income, sociodemographic, and obstetric data. Analyses were conducted between January 10, 2021, and August 26, 2022. Childhood adversities of relative poverty (household disposable income <50% of the median), parental inpatient admission for a mental illness, or parental separation. Adversities were categorized into developmental periods: ages 0 to 3, 4 to 7, 8 to 11, and 12 to 16 years. The main outcomes were children's hospital records with a diagnosis of anxiety or depression between ages 16 and 21 years and school grades at the end of compulsory education (age 16 years). The parametric g-formula modeled population changes in outcomes associated with the counterfactual, hypothetical preventing adversity exposures, accounting for fixed and time-varying confounders. Adjustments were made for parental demographic characteristics, obstetric variables, and socioeconomic data at birth. A total of 163 529 children were included in the cohort (51.2% boys, 51.4% born in 1996). Preventing all adversities was associated with an estimated change in the prevalence of offspring common mental disorders from 10.2% to 7.6% and an improvement in school grades with an SD of 0.149 (95% CI, 0.147-0.149). Preventing parental separation provided for the greatest improvement, with an estimated 2.34% (95% CI, 2.23%-2.42%) fewer children with a common mental disorder and an improvement in school grades by 0.127 SDs (0.125-0.129). Greater improvements were shown by hypothetically targeting adolescents (age 12-16 years) and those whose parents had a mental illness when the child was born. The results of this cohort modeling study suggest that preventing childhood adversity could provide notable improvements in the rates of common mental disorders and school grades. Many children might achieve better life outcomes if resources are properly allocated to the right adversities (parental separation), the right groups (children with parental mental illness), and at the right time (adolescence).

Biologic switching patterns among children with non-systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis

BackgroundIn juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) clinical remission is unattainable in some patients despite modern biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARD) therapy and switching bDMARD is required. The best choice of second-line bDMARD remains unclear. This retrospective observational study aims to describe the pattern, timing, frequency, and reasons for bDMARD switching among children diagnosed with non-systemic JIA.MethodsPatients were identified by combining unique personal identification numbers, the International Code of Diagnosis (ICD10) for JIA and biologic therapy. Clinical characteristics were collected retrospectively from the electronic medical records. Included were 200 children diagnosed with non-systemic JIA initiating their first biologic drug between January 1st, 2012, and March 1st, 2021. We compared characteristics of non-switchers vs switchers and early switchers (≤ 6 months) vs late switchers (> 6 months).ResultsThe median age at diagnosis was 7.7 years. We found that 37% switched to a different bDMARD after a median age of 6.3 years after diagnosis. In total, and 17.5% of patients switched at least twice, while 6% switched three or more times. The most common reason for switching was inefficacy (57%) followed by injection/infusion reactions (15%) and uveitis (13%). 77% were late switchers, and switched primarily due to inefficacy. All patients started a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) as initial bDMARD (Etanercept (ETN): 49.5%, other TNFis: 50.5%). The patients who started ETN as first-line bDMARD were more likely to be switchers compared to those who started another TNFi.ConclusionDuring a median 6.3-year follow-up biologic switching was observed in more than one third, primarily due to inefficacy.

P21.02.B THE EFFECT OF SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON GLIOMA PROGNOSIS

Abstract BACKGROUND Sociodemographic factors are well known to contribute to health disparities for different cancer diagnoses, but they are not extensively studied for glioma patients. In this study socioeconomic status (SES), travel time to health care, cohabitation status, and region (northern Sweden compared to three regions in southern Sweden) were investigated in relation to prognosis for patients with glioma WHO grade I-IV. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Swedish National Quality Registry for Brain Tumors was used to identify 1276 patients with glioma WHO grade I-IV, diagnosed 2009-2013. The Swedish population-based database RISK North combines data from several health care and demographic registries through the unique personal identity number. The RISK North was used to study survival in relation to SES, cohabitation status (living alone vs living with another adult person), travel time to the closest regional hospital (i.e. the closest hospital with a neurosurgical unit), and region. Educational level was used as a proxy for SES. RESULTS In univariable survival analysis, patients with glioma WHO grade III-IV and high SES had a longer survival compared to patients with low SES (middle school (ref) HR:1, high school HR:0.67 CI[0.56-0.81], university/college HR:0.65 CI[0.53-0.79], p&amp;lt;0.0001). In the multivariable model for the same group, survival was longer for patients with higher SES (middle school (ref) HR:1, high school HR:0.81 CI[0.67-0.98], p=0.033; university/college HR:0.81 CI[0.66-1.00], p=0.048). For patients with glioma WHO grade I-IV, there were no significant differences in survival in relation to travel time, cohabitation status, or region in multivariable survival analysis. CONCLUSION Survival was significantly worse in patients with lower SES compared to higher SES for patients with glioma WHO grade III-IV. No significant differences were found in survival in relation to cohabitation status (between those living alone and those living with another adult person), travel time to regional hospital, or between the northern Sweden and three regions in southern Sweden.

Determinants of suicidal behavior in dementia: A Swedish national register-based study.

To examine predictors of suicidal behavior (SB) in adults aged 75 years and above with dementia. Longitudinal national register-based study. Swedish residents aged ≥75 years with dementia identified in the Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem) between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2017 (N = 59 042) and followed until 31 December 2018. Data were linked with numerous national registers using personal identity numbers. Outcomes were nonfatal self-harm and suicide. Fine and Gray regression models were used to investigate demographics, comorbidities, and psychoactive medications associated with fatal and nonfatal SB. Suicidal behavior was observed in 160 persons after dementia diagnosis; 29 of these died by suicide. Adjusted sub-hazard ratio (aSHRs) for SB was increased in those who had a previous episode of self-harm (aSHR = 14.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.06-29.46), those with serious depression (aSHR = 4.33, 95%CI = 2.94-6.4), and in those born outside Sweden (aSHR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.03-2.27). Use of hypnotics or anxiolytics was also associated with a higher risk of SB; use of antidepressants was not. Milder dementia and higher frailty score also increased risk of SB. Risk was decreased in those who received home care (aSHR = 0.52; 95%CI = 0.38-0.71) and in the oldest group (aSHR = 0.35; 95%CI = 0.25-0.49). In addition to established targets for suicidal behavior prevention (improved identification and treatment of depression and previous self-harm), several new risk factors were suggested. There is a need for innovative public health strategies to meet the needs of older dementia patients with a foreign background. Home care may have a potential positive effect to prevent SB in people with dementia, but this needs to be further explored.

ARJUNA: An accessible pin entry model in smartphones for persons with low vision

AbstractUser authentication is the cornerstone of providing secure access to the services in the digital ecosystem. Critical applications such as Banking use Personal Identification Number (PIN)‐based passwords and One Time Passwords (OTP), for transactions to strengthen security. However, persons with visual impairments have often been a soft target for cyber attacks as it is comparatively simpler to make them victims of various attacks. This paper proposes a model titled Accessible Robust Just‐in‐time Numerical Authentication (ARJUNA) to assist PIN entry in smartphones for people with visual impairments. This study has explored several cyber‐attacks on visually impaired users and proposed the ARJUNA model that provides a robust braille‐inspired PIN input for people with visual impairments. The proposed model is implemented as an Android application that users can easily access. Several experiments are conducted with visually impaired users to study the model's performance. The proposed ARJUNA model has shown supportive results in the user study. The robustness of ARJUNA against various attacks is also explored in this article.

Secure two-factor mutual authentication scheme using shared image in medical healthcare environment

The cloud healthcare system has become the essential online service during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this type of system, the authorized user may login to a distant server to acquire the service and resources they demand, we need full security procedures that cover criteria such as authentication, privacy, integrity, and availability. The journey of security for any healthcare system starts with the authentication of users based on their privileges. Traditional user authentication mechanisms, such as password and personal identification number (PIN) typing, are vulnerable to malicious attacks like on/offline, insider, replay, guessing, and shoulder surfing. To address these issues, we proposed a secure authentication scheme that uses the authenticated delegating mechanism based on two factors: a one-time password and generating a secure variable vector from a legible user's digital image to enable the permission of a user through the back-end database of a cloud server. The proposed mutual authentication can protect the information against well-known attacks, ensure the user's privacy, and key management. Moreover, comparisons with existing schemes show that the proposed scheme supplies more privacy, security metrics, and resistance to attacks than the others while being more efficient in computation and communication costs.

Secure two-factor mutual authentication scheme using shared image in medical healthcare environment

The cloud healthcare system has become the essential online service during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this type of system, the authorized user may login to a distant server to acquire the service and resources they demand, we need full security procedures that cover criteria such as authentication, privacy, integrity, and availability. The journey of security for any healthcare system starts with the authentication of users based on their privileges. Traditional user authentication mechanisms, such as password and personal identification number (PIN) typing, are vulnerable to malicious attacks like on/offline, insider, replay, guessing, and shoulder surfing. To address these issues, we proposed a secure authentication scheme that uses the authenticated delegating mechanism based on two factors: a one-time password and generating a secure variable vector from a legible user's digital image to enable the permission of a user through the back-end database of a cloud server. The proposed mutual authentication can protect the information against well-known attacks, ensure the user's privacy, and key management. Moreover, comparisons with existing schemes show that the proposed scheme supplies more privacy, security metrics, and resistance to attacks than the others while being more efficient in computation and communication costs.

Prevention of multiple whole blood donations by an individual at the same month through the creation of a national Deferred Donor Registry (DDR)

IntroductionThe Colombian National Institute of Health administers the National Information System of Haemovigilance (SIHEVI-INS). Today, SIHEVI-INS constitutes a national blood donor and recipient database, which contains a national deferred donor registry (DDR), allowing blood banks to take acceptance or rejection decisions of a potential donor in real time. The study aimed to determine the rate of people who have made more than one whole blood donation monthly in Colombia, violating the national guideline of intervals between donations (three months for men and four for women), since DDR implementation. MethodsWe detected the unique personal identification number of people who, in 30 calendar days, made more than one whole blood donation at any of the 83 blood banks set up in Colombia. There were three comparison periods: 01/01/2018–08/31/2019 (launch of SIHEVI-INS and first national feedback); 09/01/2019–12/31/2020 (second feedback) and 01/01/2021–09/30/2022 (massive incorporation of web services). ResultsFor the first period, blood banks accepted 18.0 donations per 1000 people. There was a rate of 28.8 people/10,000 donations who had donated whole blood twice within 30 days. In the second period, there were 17.0 donations/1000 people and a rate of 2.1 people/10,000 donations (OR:14.0 CI95 %:12.2–16.0). For the last period, there were 18.2 donations/1000 people and a rate of 0.9 individuals/10,000 donations (OR:31.3 CI95 %:26.6–36.9, p < 0.001). ConclusionDDR reduced by 31 times the acceptance of blood donors who made more than one whole blood donation in the same month. It was necessary to provide periodic feedback and promote web service implementation to reduce this risky behavior.

Video Consultations in Primary Care Outside Office Hours

Background Out-of-hours primary care (OOH-PC) is facing increasing demands and workload with many negative consequences, including longer waiting time and increased risk of treatment delay and safety incidents. During the COVID-19 pandemic, video consultation (VC) was introduced as an alternative to face-to-face contact. We hypothesize that VC contributes to sustainable OOH-PC by changing patient flows, decreasing workload, and reducing waiting time. Objective This study aims to evaluate the use of video in telephone triage in OOH-PC by studying user rate, the effect on contact patterns, and patient characteristics related to receiving a VC. Methods We conducted a register-based study of VC use in OOH-PC, including all Danish residents contacting OOH-PC in the regions of Central Denmark, Southern Denmark, Northern Denmark, and Zealand. The study population will be followed from birth, immigration, or March 1, 2020 (whichever came last), until death, emigration, or December 31, 2021 (whichever comes first). We will use national registers, linking data with the unique personal identification number. We plan to conduct descriptive analyses, calculating the proportion of VC of all teletriage consultations per month during the study period. We plan to use regression models to measure the association between VC and triage outcome and the association between VC and patient characteristics, calculating risk ratios and 95% CIs. Both crude and mutual adjusted risk ratios for patient characteristics will be presented. Results Data analyses started in May 2022. Conclusions A preliminary conclusion will be presented at the conference. Conflicts of Interest None declared.

THE PREVALENCE OF JOINT REPLACEMENT IN SWEDEN

In 1975, Sweden started registering primary knee replacement surgeries based on the personal identity number. Individual-based registrations of primary total hip replacements started in 1992 and for hemiarthroplasties the registration started in 2006. The completeness of these registrations is estimated at 98% during the last 10-year period. The long history and high completeness allow for accurate calculations of population-based prevalence of joint replacement and trends over time.We used all data on primary joint replacements available in the Swedish Arthroplasty Register. The prevalence was calculated using number of alive patients with 1) at least one joint replacement 2) at least one hip replacement 3) at least one knee replacement at the end of each year from 2010 – 2021. Publicly available population numbers were retrieved from Statistics Sweden. We calculated total prevalence and prevalence per age in years.By the end of 2021, 3.2% of the Swedish population had at least one hip or knee replacement. This was an increase from 2.5% in 2010. Among 80-year-old, the prevalence was 17.5% for any joint replacement. For both hip and knee replacement and all ages, the prevalence was higher for women. For knee replacement, the 2021 prevalence peaked at the age of 89 (9,4%) while the prevalence continuously increased with age for hip replacements.A considerable proportion of the Swedish elderly population is living with at least one hip or knee replacement. The prevalence has increased during the last 12-year period for both hips and knees. An increasing prevalence may also affect the incidence of fractures and infections. Knowledge about the prevalence is fundamental for planning future demand for primary and revision hip and knee replacement.

Cancer incidence among Chernobyl cleanup workers from Estonia: A 34-year follow-up.

From 1986 to 1991, 4831 men from Estonia were sent to clean up radioactively contaminated areas near Chernobyl (Chornobyl). Their cancer incidence during 1986 to 2019 was compared to that of the male population of Estonia. The cohort of cleanup workers was linked to national population and cancer registers based on unique personal identification numbers. Nineteen (0.4%) workers could not be traced. A total of 4812 men contributing 120 770 person-years of follow-up were eligible for the analyses. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and adjusted relative risks (ARR, expressed as ratios of SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. A total of 687 incident cancer cases were registered in the cohort (SIR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03-1.19). Presumptive radiation-related cancers combined were in excess, but not when smoking- and alcohol-related cancers were excluded (SIR 0.92, 95% CI 0.71-1.18). For smoking-related cancers, the SIR was 1.24 (95% CI 1.13-1.36) and for alcohol-related cancer the SIR was 1.53 (95% CI 1.31-1.75). Less educated workers had a higher risk of all cancers (ARR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.02-1.44) and smoking-related cancers (ARR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.14-1.76). An elevated risk of alcohol-related cancers was evident 15 to 24 years (vs <15 years) after return from the Chernobyl area. This updated register-based follow-up of Chernobyl cleanup workers from Estonia revealed an excess of radiation-related cancer sites combined, but the excess was not apparent after excluding cancers associated with smoking and alcohol.

Study protocol: pneumonia and inhaled corticosteroid treatment patterns in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – a cohort study using sequence analysis (PICCS)

IntroductionTreatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is a widely used treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The main effects include a reduction in the number of exacerbations and, for some patients,...

Advanced High Secured Smart ATM System

Abstract: Automated Teller Machines are widely used nowadays by people. But It’s hard to carry their ATM card everywhere, people may forget to have their ATM card or forget their PIN number. The ATM card may get damaged and users can have a situation where they can’t get access to their money. In our proposal, use of biometrics for authentication instead of PIN and ATM card is encouraged. Here, The Face ID is preferred to high priority, as the combination of these biometrics proved to be the best among the identification and verification techniques. The implementation of ATM machines comes with the issue of being accessed by illegitimate users with valid authentication code. This project provides service to the user only when the user is legitimate or the user is verified by the legitimate user of the ATM card. The users are verified by comparing the image taken in front of the ATM machine, to the images which are present in the database. If the user is legitimate the new image is used to train the model for further accuracy. This system uses openCV to process the image being obtained and Haar Cascade Classifier to detect the faces in the image. The face recognition is done using Local Binary Pattern.To overcome these problems,the project ’ATM Security system based on Face recognition, PIN and OTP’ consists of conventional features ie is Personal Identification Number (PIN) along with additional features like face recognition and one-time password (OTP) is used. Database holds information about a user’s account details, images of his/her face and a mobile number which will improve security to a large extent.

Morse Code Based Secured Authentication System through Machine Learning

Data science is a multidisciplinary blend of data inference, algorithm development and technology in order to solve analytically complex problems. Data science is used by almost all the industries like instructive organizations, finance, medical services, business to deal with huge volumes of information. The pragmatic applications range from foreseeing stock development to anticipating disease; utilized in picture preparing to character acknowledgment, sound handling for discourse to message expectation. Since the majority of individuals on the planet are dealing with issues in the field of verification and security. The system provides a real time eye tracing for password authentication for people who authenticate themselves using Morse code. Advancement in the technology of authentication and authorization has be supported in the 21st century a lot as we know. Personal identification numbers (PIN) are widely used for user authentication and security since the late 90's. Since PIN numbers are easily crack able these days, people prefer to follow different approach. PIN validation with hands-off look-based PIN section procedures, then again, abandons no actual impressions and in this manner offers a safer secret word passage alternative. Gaze-based system for authentication alludes to discovering the eye area across consecutive picture frames and following the eye movements by plotting the eye center. Password authentication will be done using Morse code, where numbers will be represented in dots and dashes. This model presents a real-time application for gaze-based PIN entry with face recognition, and eye detection and tracking for PIN identification using a smart camera