Maintenance Of Personal Hygiene Research Articles

A SHORT REVIEW ON AYURVEDIC APPROACH TOWARDS THE MAINTENANCE OF PERSONAL HYGIENE

Ayurveda not only a healing system but also it is a living style. So to protect the health and achieve the long life one should follow the some regiments describe in Ayurveda. That is daily regimens and seasonal regimens.During covid-19 whole world suffering from several illness that time only personal and social hygiene play major role. All these hygiene guidelines mentioned in Ayurveda. Personal guidelines mentioned under title of dincharya. In this review study will focus on Ayurvedic Approach towards the maintenance of personal hygiene.

Prevalence and Barriers of Menstrual Hygiene Practices among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Rural Field Practice Areas of a Tertiary Care Center in Rishikesh.

Menstruation is a natural, physiological process experienced by all adolescent girls and women. The reproductive age group is the largest and most susceptible to various health and illness-related risk factors. This study aims to find the prevalence of satisfactory menstrual hygiene management (MHM) among women of reproductive age group and we also want to explore the cultural practices and beliefs related to menstruation and barriers to satisfactory MHM. This study was conducted in rural field practice areas of Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Rishikesh including 271 participants; women of reproductive age group using a mixed method study design (sequential quan-qual). Quantitative data were collected by household surveys and government schools using a validated structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted to have insights about understanding menstrual hygiene and barriers to satisfactory hygiene practices. It was found that only 70 (29.6%) participants adhered to satisfactory menstrual hygiene practices. The age group of 20-24 years had a higher proportion compared to other groups. Through FGD, the main themes derived were practices related to menstruation (maintenance of personal hygiene), daily activities (physical and mental problems during menses), and barriers faced (cultural, economic, privacy concerns, and shyness). The prevalence of satisfactory menstrual hygiene practices was very low only 29.6%, which is a cause of concern; either Taboos associated with menstruation, socio-cultural, economic barriers, or lack of awareness related to menstrual hygiene in the community can be contributing factors for low prevalence.

Garri processors and marketers’ knowledge of Lassa fever safety practices in Edo State, Nigeria

The study was conducted to examine the knowledge of Lassa fever safety practices among garri processors and marketers in Edo State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 224 marketers and 192 processors, using a structured questionnaire and interview schedule. Data collected were described with the use of frequency counts, mean, and percentages while binary logistic regression was used to identify determinants of knowledge of safety practices and made some inferences. Results showed that regular elimination of rats (54.0% and 54.7%) and maintenance of personal hygiene (53.1% and 89.6%) were the safety practices highly known by the marketers and processors of garri, respectively and the overall level of knowledge of Lassa fever safety practices among respondents was rated low with 63.6% and 54.5%, of marketers and processors, respectively. It was established that age (wald = 4.720), marketing experience (wald = 4.288), level of education (wald = 2.512), household size (wald = 3.052) and income from garri (wald = 3.237) were the significant determinants of the level of knowledge among garri marketers while marital status (wald = 4.464) and income (wald = 3.483) significantly determined the knowledge level of the processors. The findings conclude that both garri marketers and processors recorded a low level of knowledge of Lassa fever safety practices in the study area. It is, therefore, recommended that intense publicity and campaigns against Lassa fever should be carried out for processors and marketers of garri in the study area. This will sustainably reduce the spread of Lassa fever by the stakeholders in the Ministry of Health and other allied ministries and agencies to sustainably control the outbreak of this disease.

Evaluation of the availability of safe water and sanitation faculties in IDP camps kahda district in Mogadishu Somalia

Background: Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) is generally a challenge in Somalia, particularly in IDP settlements where access to water and sanitation facilities is limited. Children, particularly those under the age of 5 years, mostly fall victim to diseases caused by poor sanitation and hygiene practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the availability of safe water and sanitation facilities in internally displaced (IDP) camps in kahda district Mogadishu Somalia. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional baseline assessment. The study areas included 4 IDP camps in Kahda district with a sample size of 163 households, drawn from 270 households from selected 4IDPs. Closed-ended questionnaires and observational checklists were used as data collection tools, and the study employed descriptive statistics with frequencies and percent in tables. Results: Of the total 163 households, about 84 (51.5%) household's water sources were hand-dug well with pump, and Most of the households 100 (61.3%); spent 3km walk to obtain water from their nearest point source. Regarding water consumption per day, about 66(40.5%) households had consumed 120 liters per day and 39 (23.9%) of households with 61-90 liters of water per day, and 38 (23.3%) households with 40 -60 liters. Besides, more than half of respondents, 113 (69.3%), did not have enough water, with a considerable number of households 105 (64.4%) do not perform water treatment to improve the quality of their drinking water. Many households did not have latrines, with the majority of them sharing latrines with neighbors. Those who had latrines were unhygienic, and a majority of the respondents admitted they do not wash their hands after using toilets. Conclusion: The study reveals the low availability of water and sanitation facilities among IDPs in kahda districts. Though they were low socio-economic status groups, health promotion related to infection control measures and maintenance of personal hygiene should be provided.

PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN PADA MASYARAKAT PESANTREN AL AMIN KOTA TASIKMALAYA

Maintenance of personal hygiene is an important thing that must be done by everyone. Personal hygiene can determine health status. . If skin health is not maintained, it will cause skin diseases caused by fungi, viruses, germs and parasites, one of the diseases that is often found in skin diseases is scabies. (Nursing, 2013). Scabies is identical to a disease in humans who live in a community such as a boarding school, this happens because of poor hygiene conditions, poor sanitation and room conditions that are not exposed to direct sunlight. Scabies spreads quickly in a community that lives together so that treatment must be carried out simultaneously and thoroughly on all people and the environment affected by scabies, because if treatment is carried out individually, it will be easy to re-infect scabies (Djuanda, 2017). The assumption that has developed in the community is that Islamic boarding schools are slum places, with unhealthy environmental conditions. Scabies disease is often found in Islamic boarding schools because Islamic boarding school children / santri often exchange clothes or borrow clothes from each other, gloves and even pillows, rarely take a bath, towels and toiletries such as soap. So that the rate of transmission of scabies also increases. Transmission occurs because the female Sarcoptes scabei is fertilized. Lack of attention to Islamic boarding schools including elements in it, namely the students make Islamic boarding schools a place that is considered a nest of disease due to the lack of knowledge of students about this scabies disease. The factors that underlie a community environment such as boarding schools are often infected with scabies, namely because of the dense environment, limited knowledge of students about scabies and students' awareness of the importance of maintaining personal and environmental hygiene. From the puskesmas data in 2019 the incidence of scabies in the Al Amin Islamic boarding school was high with the number of students infected with 52 people and those not infected with 47 people. From the results of Purnimarahmi's research (2016) regarding the level of knowledge of the students, the following results showed that students' knowledge of the disease Most of the scabies in the Al-Amin Islamic Boarding School in Tasikmalaya City were in the less category, namely 79.2%. And the results of Novita's research (2016) from 62 respondents stated that the risk factor for the occurrence of scabies disease in RSUD dr. Soekarjo majority 65.1% male, 41.3% aged 13-21 years, 73.02% environmental factors in the moderate category and 34.9% suffered by students. This activity aims to increase knowledge of students, the method is carried out in the form of health education lectures, question and answer discussions, with advocacy strategies, atmosphere building and community empowerment at Al Amin Islamic Boarding School in Tasikmalaya City.

Knowledge, Practice of Personal Hygiene, School Sanitation, and Risk Factors of Contracting Diarrhea among Rural Students from Five Western Provinces in China.

Background: Diarrhea is a global public health issue and a leading cause of childhood malnutrition, growth disturbances, and mortality. The spread of diarrhea is closely linked to the knowledge and maintenance of personal hygiene and quality of drinking water and sanitation facilities. However, there are few such investigations and analysis in rural areas of China. This study aims to determine the association between the risk of contracting diarrhea and knowledge and practices of personal hygiene and school sanitation among rural students as well as provide a scientific basis for preventing the spread of diarrhea and other infectious diseases. A stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 12 rural primary schools in each of 5 counties where the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Plus Program has been implemented. The counties are located in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, Chongqing municipality, Guizhou province, Yunnan province, and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. A single fourth-grade class was randomly chosen from each of the 60 schools for observation and a questionnaire survey. The study involved a total of 2330 students. The logistic regression method was adopted to determine the factors contributing to diarrhea in rural students. The results show that male students accounted for 49.40% (n = 1151) of the 2330 research subjects; the average age of the students was 9.9 ± 0.3 years. Approximately 33.09% of the students suffered from diarrhea in the three months leading up to the survey. The odds ratios (ORs) of students who did not know that “diarrhea can be prevented by washing fruits before eating them raw and not drinking untreated water” (OR: 1.303, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.063, 1.597) and that “the disease can be prevented by washing hands before meals and after going to the toilet” (OR: 1.522, 95% CI: 1.207, 1.920) were higher than those who knew the above stated facts. Students who “have drunk untreated water at school” (OR: 1.584, 95% CI: 1.268, 1.978), “have drunk untreated water at home” (OR: 1.643, 95% CI: 1.319, 2.048), and “did not wash hands before every meal” (OR: 1.490, 95% CI: 1.120, 1.983) were at a higher risk of contracting diarrhea than those who drank treated water at school and at home and washed their hands before every meal. Diarrhea was more likely to affect students who attended schools with unclean and poorly maintained toilets (OR: 1.586, 95% CI: 1.261, 1.995) or toilets with flies (OR: 1.383, 95% CI: 1.114, 1.717) and without adequate drinking water facilities (OR: 1.407, 95% CI: 1.009, 1.962). The knowledge of methods to maintain personal hygiene, general hygiene practices, and school sanitation are the three major risk factors that account for the spread of diarrhea among rural students from five western provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) of China. Therefore, to prevent such diseases and maintain health, it is important to provide students with health education, help them develop good hygiene habits, ensure the provision of clean water at schools, and improve the overall school environments.

Increase in SARS-CoV-2 infected biomedical waste among low middle-income countries: environmental sustainability and impact with health implications.

Studies have shown that severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly infectious disease, with global deaths rising to about 360,438 as of 28 May 2020. Different countries have used various approaches such as lockdown, social distancing, maintenance of personal hygiene, and increased establishment of testing and isolation centers to manage the pandemic. Poor biomedical waste (BMW) management, treatment, and disposal techniques, especially SARS-CoV-2 infected BMW, may threaten the environmental and public health in most developing countries and, by extension, impact the economic status of individuals and the nation at large. This may increase the potential for the transmission of air/blood body fluid-borne pathogens, increase the growth of microorganisms, risk of mutagenesis, and upsurge of more virulent strain. In contrast, uncontrolled substandard burning could increase the potential spread of nosocomial infection and environmental exposure to toxic organic compounds, heavy metals, radioactive, and genotoxic bio-aerosols which might be present in the gaseous, liquid, and solid by-products. The paucity of understanding of pathophysiology and management of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has also necessitated the need to put in place appropriate disposal techniques to cater for the sudden increase in the global demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) and pharmaceutical drugs to manage the pandemic and to reduce the risk of preventable infection by the waste. Therefore, there is a need for adequate sensitization, awareness, and environmental monitoring of the impacts of improper handling of SARS-CoV-2 infected BMWs. Hence, this review aimed to address the issues relating to the improper management of increased SARS-CoV-2 infected BMW in low middle-income countries (LMICs).

Associations Between Compliance With Non-pharmaceutical Interventions and Social-distancing Policies in Korea During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objectives:This study explored changes in individuals’ behavior in response to social distancing (SD) levels and the “no gatherings of more than 5 people” (NGM5) rule in Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods:Using survey data from the COVID-19 Behavior Tracker, exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 preventive factors: maintenance of personal hygiene, avoiding going out, and avoiding meeting people. Each factor was used as a dependent variable. The chi-square test was used to compare differences in distributions between categorical variables, while binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with high compliance with measures to prevent transmission.Results:In men, all 3 factors were significantly associated with lower compliance. Younger age groups were associated with lower compliance with maintenance of personal hygiene and avoiding meeting people. Employment status was significantly associated with avoiding going out and avoiding meeting people. Residence in the capital area was significantly associated with higher compliance with personal hygiene and avoiding venturing out. Increasing SD levels were associated with personal hygiene, avoiding going out, and avoiding meeting people. The NGM5 policy was not significantly associated with compliance.Conclusions:SD levels, gender, age, employment status, and region had explanatory power for compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Strengthening social campaigns to inspire voluntary compliance with NPIs, especially focused on men, younger people, full-time workers, and residents of the capital area is recommended. Simultaneously, efforts need to be made to segment SD measures into substrategies with detailed guidance at each level.

Practice on Personal Hygiene Maintenance during Menstruation Cycle among School Girls in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Introduction: Menstruation is the normal and regular process for every woman. It can affect both physical and mental status of the women. The main thing of menstrual period is personal hygiene maintenance. Improper management of personal hygiene maintains can causes infectious disease and causes severe gynecological problems. In Bangladesh, most of the adolescent girls cannot ask any question about their physiological changes to their mother or relative because of their shyness and social stigma. Good hygiene management during menstruation can increase personal confidence, while inadequate management can lead to mentally depression and also hamper in their daily activities. This study was aimed to assess the practice on personal hygiene maintenance during menstruation period among school girls in selected schools of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive type of study was carried out in three randomly selected schools in Dhaka city of Bangladesh with 384 systematic randomly selected adolescent girls. The data were collected from the respondents using semi-structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview, after taking verbal consent form the participants and written consent from their parents and school authority. Data entry and analysis were done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software version 20 for the analysis. The anonymity and confidentiality of the respondents were maintained strictly and study participants were informed that they can be able to leave the study at any stage of data collection. Findings: The finding reported that nearly 80% (79%) of the respondent use sanitary napkin and among the non-users, 95.2 percent (77) use piece of cloths. The majority (66%) of the respondents change napkin/other materials after 4 hours and 90% take genital care regularly. Almost all (99.5%) the respondents take bath regularly and 99.5 percent wash their hand with soap and water. About 98 percent used to wear clean dresses and 94.5 percent normally take healthy food. Using sanitary napkin was found to be associated with age, parent’s income whereas it was not associated with mother’s educational level. Conclusion: Awareness regarding the need for information about good menstrual practices is very important and should be given to enhance the good level of knowledge and practices. Mass media should also emphasize on health information about menstrual hygiene. Therefore, policy makers and stakeholders should take necessary initiatives to setup health education program to create awareness and practice of good menstrual hygiene among the adolescents. Keywords: Menstrual Hygiene; School Girls; Practice; Dhaka

Reproductive tract infection among the women of high-altitude areas of Lahaul and Spiti District of Himachal Pradesh, India

Background: Reproductive tract infection (RTI) is a serious public health problem particularly among the women in reproductive age group. Tribal women particularly living in high altitude cold areas are more vulnerable to these infections as availability of water for domestic purpose is scarce hence affects personal hygiene.Methods: A door to door survey was conducted by canvassing a pre-designed interview schedule for capturing the reported symptoms of RTI among 494 women in the age group 15-49 years in Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh.Results: Around 26% of the respondents reported one or the other symptoms of RTI experienced by them during three months preceding the survey. The reported symptoms were mostly related to discharge.Conclusions: The study is carried out among women of high-altitude tribal areas of Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh, where such data/information is not available. Maintenance of personal hygiene is poor, more than one-fourth women had one or the other symptoms of RTI. Lower economic status and personal hygiene practices are strongly associated with RTI. The findings of the study will draw attention of Scientists, Program managers to address the issues for qualitative improvement of female population of the area. Need to sensitise the masses on the issues of RTI and strengthen its outreach health services in the district.

DETERMINATION OF PREVALENCE RATE OF ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA AMONG CHILDREN DIAGNOSED WITH ACUTE DIARRHEA IN KANO, NIGERIA

Background: Diarrhea is a major contributor to childhood mortality and morbidity in the developing world.
 Objective: The study was aimed to determine the prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica among children diagnosed with acute diarrhea in Kura General Hospital Kano, from February to August 2017.
 Methodology: A total of 236 stools samples were collected from children within the age group of 0 – 5 years diagnosed with acute diarrhea attending the Hospital. The stool samples were examined for Entamoeba Histolytica cysts and trophozoites using direct wet preparation and Formol Ether concentration techniques.
 Results: The result showed that 23 samples which accounted for 9.75% of the samples were found to be positive for the parasite. Highest incidence of the parasite was found among children within the age category of 4 - 5 years. The results also indicated that males (56.5%) were more infected than females (43.5%). However, there is no statistical difference in the rate of infection among the sex and age group of the patients at p< 0.05.
 Conclusion: In conclusion, maintenance of personal hygiene and improved sanitation of the environment will indeed prevent contamination of food and water sources.

Postpartum recovery: what does it take to get back to a baseline?

Limited guidance exists regarding how to assess postpartum recovery. In this article, we discuss various aspects of inpatient and outpatient postpartum recovery. The postpartum period for many women includes sleep deprivation, maternal-neonatal bonding, breastfeeding, and integrating a new life into the family unit. Factors which impact inpatient quality of recovery include pain, nausea or vomiting, dizziness, shivering, comfort, mobilization, ability to hold and feed the baby, personal hygiene maintenance, and feeling in control. Outpatient recovery domains include psychosocial distress, surgical/medical factors, feeding and breast health, psychosocial support, pain, physical function, sleep, motherhood experience, infant health, fatigue, appearance / cosmetic factors, sexual function, and cognition. Postpartum recovery is likely to take longer than six weeks; however, no consensus regarding recovery duration exists among professional societies. Obstetric quality of recovery (ObsQoR) is a recommended measure of inpatient postpartum recovery; however, studies are needed to determine the optimum outpatient recovery assessment tool. Postpartum recovery is an important area that requires clinical and research attention. Future studies should focus on identifying and developing valid, reliable, and responsive measures of recovery as well as tracking and optimizing recovery domains following all delivery modes. http://links.lww.com/COOG/A65.

Precautions and Importance of PPE - Assessment of Knowledge Among Dental Health Care Workers - A Questionnaire Based Study

Healthcare workers are at constant risk due to the infections which occur due to exposure of blood and other body fluids from infected patients. Standard precautions must be taken like maintenance of personal hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, etc. to stay safe. Thus, this study assesses the knowledge of health care workers on the importance of PPE in order to improve the awareness towards the usage of PPE during essential periods of risk. The study setting was done through an online survey among health care workers. The collected data were then analyzed in SPSS online software and the results were plotted in the form of bar graphs. From the data, it is inferred that knowledge of PPE among health care workers is well known in the majority of the responders. But more awareness must be created on the importance of PPE for the safety and welfare of all health care workers. Health care workers are at constant risk due to the infections which can occur due to exposure of blood and other body fluids. PPE plays a major role in protecting against these infections. Thus, it is important and mandatory to wear them on a daily basis for a safe and protective work environment.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEPTION OF RISK AND FEMALE STUDENTS’ DESIRE IN KEEPING MENSTRUAL HYGIENE AT SDN KAMONING SAMPANG

Maintaining menstrual hygiene is essential to avoid vulvar pruritus, irritation, swelling, vaginal secretions, reproductive tract infections, urinary tract infections, uterine cancer, etc. Sampang is the region with the highest maternal mortality rate in Madura, but recently, maternal mortality rate in Sampang continues to decline. One of the causes of maternal death is due to the lack of reproductive hygiene maintenance during menstruation, so that mothers are at risk of uterine cancer. The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between risk perception and female students’ desire in SDN Kamoning in maintaining menstrual hygiene. It was an observational analytic research using cross sectional research design. This study employed HAPA theory. Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) is a concept approach to change one's behavior by strengthening intention to become action. The variable of risk in HAPA theory can influence individual perception early in the motivation phase. The samples of the study were 32 people, and they were taken by total sampling because the number of samples was very small. Data were collected through questionnaire, and they were analyzed by using spearman correlation. The results showed that there was correlation between perception of risk (p = 0,000) and intention to maintain menstrual hygiene. Relationships obtained were not strong because some respondents did not agree with the statements in the questionnaire. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between risk perception and intention to maintain personal hygiene during menstruation. Although the relationship obtained showed a strong relationship, there were some female students that still had wrong perception about personal hygiene maintenance during menstruation.

HUBUNGAN PERSEPSI RISIKO DENGAN KEINGINAN SISWA DALAM MENJAGA HIGIENE MENSTRUASI DI SEKOLAH DASAR KAMONING SAMPANG

Maintaining menstrual hygiene is essential to avoid vulvar pruritus, irritation, swelling, vaginal secretions, reproductive tract infections, urinary tract infections, uterine cancer, etc. Sampang is the region with the highest maternal mortality rate in Madura, but recently, maternal mortality rate in Sampang continues to decline. One of the causes of maternal death is due to the lack of reproductive hygiene maintenance during menstruation, so that mothers are at risk of uterine cancer. The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between risk perception and female students’ desire in SDN Kamoning in maintaining menstrual hygiene. It was an observational analytic research using cross sectional research design. This study employed HAPA theory. Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) is a concept approach to change one's behavior by strengthening intention to become action. The variable of risk in HAPA theory can influence individual perception early in the motivation phase. The samples of the study were 32 people, and they were taken by total sampling because the number of samples was very small. Data were collected through questionnaire, and they were analyzed by using spearman correlation. The results showed that there was correlation between perception of risk (p = 0,000) and intention to maintain menstrual hygiene. Relationships obtained were not strong because some respondents did not agree with the statements in the questionnaire. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between risk perception and intention to maintain personal hygiene during menstruation. Although the relationship obtained showed a strong relationship, there were some female students that still had wrong perception about personal hygiene maintenance during menstruation.

Inpatients nursing care provided in a tertiary hospital of Nepal

Introduction: Nursing care is necessary for every client seeking any type of healthcare such as health promotion, diagnosis, treatment and recovery. Despite these facts, nurses are given less importance and their works are even unrecognized. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore nursing care provided to inpatients of medical ward at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. Methodology: Hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out in medical ward of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan from Feb 2017 to Oct 2018. Data were retrieved from inpatient admission record book of medical ward of previous 15 months from the initiation of this research work. Admission record book was reviewed and checked for completeness of the record. A total of 290 patients having complete records were enrolled. Collected data were entered in Microsoft excel and analysed by SPSS software. Results: More than half patients (52.8%) were male and 44.8% belonged to Janajati ethnicity. The major age group was 15-25 years (17.9%) with mean and standard deviation of 49.4±20.6. About 28.6 % of the patients were admitted due to cardiovascular related problems and poisoning (13.1%). Most of the patients (67%) were admitted from emergency. Median duration of stay was 4 days. Every 8 out of 10 patients were recovered and discharged. General nursing care provided were maintenance of personal hygiene (91.03%), cannula site care (49.7%), providing psychological support (41%), ambulation (8.3%), back care (7.6%), catheter care(6.9%), passive exercise (2.4%), chest physiotherapy(3.7%), sponge bath(9.3%). Specific care provided were propped-up positioning (36.2%), 2 hourly position change (23.4%), random blood sugar monitoring (12.4%), SpO2monitoring (8.9%), watch for oxygen toxicity (9.3%), weight monitoring (3.1%) and pre CAG (coronary angiography) care(2.1%). Conclusion: Maintenance of personal hygiene, cannula site care, psychological support, two hourly positioning and oral care were the common practices performed.BIBECHANA 16 (2019) 204-212

Use of Otoscope as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aid in Umbilical Pilonidal Sinus: A Novel Technique

Introduction:Umbilical disorders are frequently encountered in general surgical practice. Although the sacrococcygeal region is the most common site for pilonidal sinus disease, it can be seen occasionally in periumbilical area. Treatment is mostly conservative for umbilical pilonidal sinus in contrast to the sacrococcygeal sinus where it is always surgical. In the era of endoscopy and minimally invasive surgery, we describe the use of otoscope as a novel technique for the diagnosis and treatment of umbilical pilonidal sinus.Subject and Method:In this prospective study, patients with a clinical suspicion of umbilical pilonidal sinus were included and diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of otoscopic finding. All patients were planned for conservative management i.e. extraction of hair fragments with the help of an otoscope followed by oral antibiotics treatment. On follow-up, response of treatment was noted by evaluation of symptoms and otoscopic examination.Result:Total 15 patients were included in this study. By using otoscope for removal of hair fragments from umbilical sinus, we found successful result in all patients with conservative treatment.Discussion:In umbilical pilonidal sinus, the success of conservative treatment depends on the effective extraction of hair and maintenance of personal hygiene by the patient. Our study showed 100% successful result of conservative treatment, probably due to proper and complete extraction of hair fragment with the help of the otoscope.Conclusion:Otoscopic examination and hair extraction for umbilical pilonidal sinus is a simple, cost-effective, and easy treatment that can be done in the outpatient department and does not require any formal training for its use.

Assess the Extent of Availability of School Health Services and Health Status of Children Under School Health Programme in Selected Schools of Ambala, Haryana

The health of the children and youth is a fundamental value. Health services for school children are must for building a healthy young India. A non- experimental study was conducted with the objective to assess the extent of availability of school health services and the health status of the children under school health programme.100 school children of four different schools were selected. Schools were selected by convenience sampling technique and children were selected by total enumeration sampling technique. The tool used were rating scale, observation checklist, and record analysis performa to assess the extent of availability of school health services and health assessment performa to assess the health status of school children. Finding of the study revealed that in majority of the schools School Health Services were moderately available. The mean % of availability of school health services was (63.23±4.53) and as regard to 9 domains of school health services the mean % is healthful school environment (83.5%)maintenance of personal hygiene (70.83%)promotion. Presence of healthful school environment was at the highest rank where as presence of first-aid and emergency services were at the last rank among all the domains of school health services. This study further revealed that majority of the school children were under nourished. Where as other clinical sign shows that most common problem among school children have dental problems. Majority of the school children don't having any sign of any other deformity.

Personal hygiene among primary school children living in a slum of Kolkata, India.

For children, maintenance of personal hygiene helps to improve the quality of life and longevity. This is of particular importance in a slum community with compromised living situation. This study was undertaken to find out the knowledge and practice of personal hygiene among the primary school children living in a slum area, to identify any misconception among them regarding the maintenance of personal hygiene, to find out their morbidity pattern, and also to elicit the relationship between practice of personal hygiene among the children and the literacy status of their mother. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 104 primary school children of a primary school situated in the slum area of Chetla, Kolkata, India with the help of a predesigned, pre-tested and structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed statistically by simple proportions and tests of significance. It was found that the female students were more knowledgeable than the male students regarding the maintenance of personal hygiene. There was a wide gap between practice and knowledge of personal hygiene among the primary school children living in the slum area. Even, misconceptions do exist on certain indicators of personal hygiene among the students. Statistically significant association was observed between practices of personal hygiene among the primary school children and the literacy status of their mother. Future of a society depends considerably on the health of its children. The parents and the school teachers, as constructive shapers of children's health behaviors, should play a responsible role in early education of children on personal hygiene.

English

IntroductionMaharashtra is a very large state of 300,000 km2, with a total population of around 97 million. The capital city of Maharashtra, Mumbai, is the most populous city in India, with around 14 million inhabitants. The HIV prevalence at antenatal clinics in Maharashtra was 0.5% in 2007. The state has the highest reported rates of HIV prevalence among female sex workers (18%). Similarly high rates were found among injecting drug users (24%) and homosexual men (12%). Pune is the second largest city in Maharashtra, with a growing population of more than 40 lakhs (4 million). It ranks among the top five HIV prevalent cities in the state. There are very few studies that have been carried out to compare the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation in HIV-reactive and non-reactive individuals in Maharashtra. Materials and MethodsStudy PeriodThe present study was carried out from 1st December 2008 to 31st August 2010 in Pad. Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Pimpri, Pune. Results and ObservationsIn this study, stool samples of 490 individuals were processed, out of which 110 were HIV-positive and 380 were HIV-negative. Evaluation of 4 different stool concentration techniques was done in comparison with the direct wet mount microscopic examination. Out of all the stool samples examined, 100 of them were also processed using concentration techniques (by all methods). It was seen that using routine examination, only 6% of the stool samples revealed a positive finding, whereas using concentration techniques a maximum of 17% of the same samples were positive. ConclusionFurther, as demonstrated in our study, we can conclude that stool concentration techniques should be adopted, since in case of low parasite load, often the diagnosis is missed by carrying out only direct wet mount examination. Finally, to prevent intestinal parasitic infections, patients should be educated regarding maintenance of personal hygiene. Keywordsintestinal parasites, Ascaris lumbricoides, H. nana, T. solium, T. saginata