Abstract
IntroductionMaharashtra is a very large state of 300,000 km2, with a total population of around 97 million. The capital city of Maharashtra, Mumbai, is the most populous city in India, with around 14 million inhabitants. The HIV prevalence at antenatal clinics in Maharashtra was 0.5% in 2007. The state has the highest reported rates of HIV prevalence among female sex workers (18%). Similarly high rates were found among injecting drug users (24%) and homosexual men (12%). Pune is the second largest city in Maharashtra, with a growing population of more than 40 lakhs (4 million). It ranks among the top five HIV prevalent cities in the state. There are very few studies that have been carried out to compare the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation in HIV-reactive and non-reactive individuals in Maharashtra. Materials and MethodsStudy PeriodThe present study was carried out from 1st December 2008 to 31st August 2010 in Pad. Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Pimpri, Pune. Results and ObservationsIn this study, stool samples of 490 individuals were processed, out of which 110 were HIV-positive and 380 were HIV-negative. Evaluation of 4 different stool concentration techniques was done in comparison with the direct wet mount microscopic examination. Out of all the stool samples examined, 100 of them were also processed using concentration techniques (by all methods). It was seen that using routine examination, only 6% of the stool samples revealed a positive finding, whereas using concentration techniques a maximum of 17% of the same samples were positive. ConclusionFurther, as demonstrated in our study, we can conclude that stool concentration techniques should be adopted, since in case of low parasite load, often the diagnosis is missed by carrying out only direct wet mount examination. Finally, to prevent intestinal parasitic infections, patients should be educated regarding maintenance of personal hygiene. Keywordsintestinal parasites, Ascaris lumbricoides, H. nana, T. solium, T. saginata
Highlights
India is one of the largest and most populated countries in the world, with over one billion inhabitants
It was found that prevalence of intestinal parasites is more in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals compared to HIVnegative individuals
We found that apart from the opportunistic intestinal parasites like Cryptosporidium, non-opportunistic infections, like Taenia and Ascaris, were common in HIV-positive patients
Summary
India is one of the largest and most populated countries in the world, with over one billion inhabitants. Of this number, it's estimated that around 2.3 million people are currently living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [1,2]. The state has the highest reported rates of HIV prevalence among female sex workers (18%). Pune is the second largest city in Maharashtra, with a growing population of more than 40 lakhs (4 million) [3,4,5,6]. It ranks among the top five HIV prevalent cities in the state. Official figures report that in JanOct 2007, 18,039 people in the city were tested for HIV at government testing centres.
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