Personal Healthcare Devices Research Articles

Advanced Pressure-Sending Wristband for Disease Detection Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Pulse Diagnosis

This paper explores the integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) pulse diagnosis with modern sensor technology to develop a sophisticated wristband system for monitoring vital organ health. Leveraging the principles of TCM, the proposed system focuses on the “Three regions and nine indicators” method to accurately detect pulse variations at different wrist positions and depths. By utilizing a pressure sensor array that covers the Cun, Guan, and Chi pulse positions, the wristband aims to enhance diagnostic accuracy beyond conventional wearable technologies. The system incorporates advanced micro-electro-mechanical techniques to minimize size while maintaining functionality, enabling continuous health monitoring through a coplanar crossed sensing array. Additionally, the use of machine learning algorithms facilitates the analysis of pulse data to identify potential health issues related to the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen. An accompanying mobile app provides real-time feedback and health insights, promoting proactive health management. This innovative approach merges TCM’s holistic diagnosis methods with cutting-edge technology to offer a powerful tool for early disease detection and health monitoring, potentially transforming the landscape of personal healthcare devices.

Ultrahigh Sensitivity for Thermographic Human-Machine Interface via Precious Metals Atomic Layer Deposition on V-MXene: Computational and Experimental Exploration.

Global healthcare based on the Internet of Things system is rapidly transforming to measure precise physiological body parameters without visiting hospitals at remote patients and associated symptoms monitoring. 2D materials and the prevailing mood of current ever-expanding MXene-based sensing devices motivate to introduce first the novel iridium (Ir) precious metal incorporated vanadium (V)-MXene via industrially favored emerging atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques. The current work contributes a precise control and delicate balance of Ir single atomic forms or clusters on the V-MXene to constitute a unique precious metal-MXene embedded heterostructure (Ir-ALD@V-MXene) in practical real-time sensing healthcare applications to thermography with human-machine interface for the first time. Ir-ALD@V-MXene delivers an ultrahigh durability and sensing performance of 2.4%°C-1 than pristine V-MXene (0.42%°C-1), outperforming several conventionally used MXenes, graphene, underscoring the importance of the Ir-ALD innovative process. Aberration-corrected advanced ultra-high-resolution transmission/scanning transmission electron microscopy confirms the presence of Ir atomic clusters on well-aligned 2D-layered V-MXene structure and their advanced heterostructure formation (Ir-ALD@V-MXene), enhanced sensing mechanism is investigated using density functional theory (DFT) computations. A rational design empowering the Ir-ALD process on least explored V-MXene can potentially unfold further precious metals ALD-process developments for next-generation wearable personal healthcare devices.

A Conjugated Polymer-Based Portable Smartphone Platform for Sensitive and Point-Of-Care Detection of Monoamine Neurotransmitter.

The precise and effective detection of neurotransmitters (NTs) is crucial for clinical investigation of neuronal processes, and timely monitoring of NT-related chronic diseases. However, sensitive detection of specific NT with unprecedented selectivity is highly challenging due to similarities in chemical and electronic structures of various interfering neurochemicals. Herein, an anionic conjugated polyelectrolyte Poly[(9,9-bis(4'-sulfonatobutyl)fluorene-co-alt-1,4-phenylene) sodium], PFPS was rationally designed and synthesized for amplified detection and point-of-care (PoC) determination of monoamine neurotransmitter, serotonin (5-Hydroxy tryptamine or 5-HT, also diagnostic biomarker of carcinoid tumor) in human blood plasma. The PFPS displayed a remarkable sensing response with an exceptionally high fluorescence quenching constant of 1.14×105 M-1 and an ultralow detection limit of 0.67 μM or 0.142 ppm, much below the clinical range. Furthermore, a smartphone-enabled portable platform was constructed for real-time onsite detection of 5-HT by quantification of visual fluorescence response of PFPS into RGB values using a color recognizer android application. The smartphone platform could be readily applied for convenient, non-invasive PoC testing of 5-HT levels in complex biological fluids accurately and is expected to revolutionize clinical diagnosis and personalized health care devices.

Harnessing Redox Polymer Dynamics for Enhanced Glucose-Oxygen Coupling in Dual Biosensing and Therapeutic Applications.

The burgeoning field of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for diabetes management faces significant challenges, particularly in achieving precise and stable biosensor performance under changing environmental conditions such as varying glucose concentrations and O2 levels. To address this, we present a novel biosensor based on the electroless coupling of glucose oxidation catalyzed by flavin-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH) and O2 reduction catalyzed by bilirubin oxidase (BOD) via a redox polymer, dimethylferrocene-modified linear poly(ethylenimine), FcMe2-LPEI. Initial cyclic voltammetry tests confirm the colocalization of both enzymatic reactions within the potential range of the polymer, indicating an effective electron shuttle mechanism. As a result, we created a hybrid biosensor that operates at open-circuit potential (OCP). It can detect glucose concentrations of up to 100 mM under various O2 conditions, including ambient air. This resulted from optimizing the enzyme ratio to 120 ± 10 mUBOD·UFAD-GDH-1·atmO2-1. This biosensor is highly sensitive, a crucial feature for CGM applications. This distinguishes it from FAD-GDH traditional biosensors, which require a potential to be applied to measure glucose concentrations up to 30 mM. In addition, this biosensor demonstrates the ability to function as a noninvasive, external device that can adapt to changing glucose levels, paving the way for its use in diabetes care and, potentially, personalized healthcare devices. Furthermore, by leveraging the altered metabolic pathways in tumor cells, this system architecture opened up new avenues for targeted glucose scavenging and O2 reduction in cancer therapy.

Stakeholder Perception's of Cybersecurity for Welfare Technology and Remote Care Devices.

In healthcare, there are various stakeholders who hold different understandings of technology. Cybersecurity risks may also be something these stakeholder have varying perceptions of. This papers explores how cybersecurity risks are understood by two key stakeholder groups in the Norwegian healthcare sector related to welfare technology and personal healthcare devices. Two stakeholder groups (healthcare workers and technology vendors) have been interviewed to gather data on this topic. Key findings highlight that there are differences in how risks are perceived, both in terms of likelihood and in consequence. We apply risk perception theory to analyze these findings and provide suggestions for further research within this topic.

An Intelligent Health Surveillance System: Predictive Modeling of Cardiovascular Parameters through Machine Learning Algorithms Using LoRa Communication and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)

In several nations, the majority of heart attacks lead to fatality prior to patients receiving any kind of medical intervention. The traditional healthcare system is mostly passive, requiring patients to initiate contact with healthcare services independently. People often do not request the treatment if they are unconscious during a heart disease episode. The use of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) methods offers significant advantages in addressing the issue of caring for patients with cardiac problems. These techniques may transform service delivery into ubiquitous and activate healthcare services. Low-cost remote monitoring systems are essential to implementing a widespread healthcare service. In this article, we proposed a cost-effective Personal Health Care Device(PHCD) based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The PHCD transmits user somatic signals to data acquisition devices using a LoRa (Long-range and low-power) wireless communication network. The received data is uploaded to the cloud using IoT platforms like Adafruit IO. Further, various Machine learning (ML) algorithms, Naïve Bayes, ANN, CNN, and LSTM, were applied to collected data to predict heart rate and SpO2 behavior. The performance results of different forecast models were compared to identify precise modeling and reliable forecasts to prevent emergency cardiovascular conditions.

Current On-Skin Flexible Sensors, Materials, Manufacturing Approaches, and Study Trends for Health Monitoring: A Review.

Due to an ever-increasing amount of the population focusing more on their personal health, thanks to rising living standards, there is a pressing need to improve personal healthcare devices. These devices presently require laborious, time-consuming, and convoluted procedures that heavily rely on cumbersome equipment, causing discomfort and pain for the patients during invasive methods such as sample-gathering, blood sampling, and other traditional benchtop techniques. The solution lies in the development of new flexible sensors with temperature, humidity, strain, pressure, and sweat detection and monitoring capabilities, mimicking some of the sensory capabilities of the skin. In this review, a comprehensive presentation of the themes regarding flexible sensors, chosen materials, manufacturing processes, and trends was made. It was concluded that carbon-based composite materials, along with graphene and its derivates, have garnered significant interest due to their electromechanical stability, extraordinary electrical conductivity, high specific surface area, variety, and relatively low cost.

Consistent Healthcare Safety Recommendation System for Preventing Contagious Disease Infections in Human Crowds

The recent impact of COVID-19, as a contagious disease, led researchers to focus on designing and fabricating personal healthcare devices and systems. With the help of wearable sensors, sensing and communication technologies, and recommendation modules, personal healthcare systems were designed for ease of use. More specifically, personal healthcare systems were designed to provide recommendations for maintaining a safe distance and avoiding contagious disease spread after the COVID-19 pandemic. The personal recommendations are analyzed based on the wearable sensor signals and their consistency in sensing. This consistency varies with human movements or other activities that hike/cease the sensor values abruptly for a short period. Therefore, a consistency-focused recommendation system (CRS) for personal healthcare (PH) was designed in this research. The hardware sensing intervals for the system are calibrated per the conventional specifications from which abrupt changes can be observed. The changes are analyzed for their saturation and fluctuations observed from neighbors within the threshold distance. The saturation and fluctuation classifications are performed using random forest learning to differentiate the above data from the previously sensed healthy data. In this process, the saturated data and consistency data provide safety recommendations for the moving user. The consistency is verified for a series of intervals for the fluctuating sensed data. This alerts the user if the threshold distance for a contagious disease is violated. The proposed system was validated using a prototype model and experimental analysis through false rates, data analysis rates, and fluctuations.

Piezoelectric nanogenerators for self-powered wearable and implantable bioelectronic devices.

One of the recent innovations in the field of personalized healthcare is the piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) for various clinical applications, including self-powered sensors, drug delivery, tissue regeneration etc. Such innovations are perceived to potentially address some of the unmet clinical needs, e.g., limited life-span of implantable biomedical devices (e.g., pacemaker) and replacement related complications. To this end, the generation of green energy from biomechanical sources for wearable and implantable bioelectronic devices gained considerable attention in the scientific community. In this perspective, this article provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art review on the recent developments in the processing, applications and associated concerns of piezoelectric materials (synthetic/biological) for personalized healthcare applications. In particular, this review briefly discusses the concepts of piezoelectric energy harvesting, piezoelectric materials (ceramics, polymers, nature-inspired), and the various applications of piezoelectric nanogenerators, such as, self-powered sensors, self-powered pacemakers, deep brain stimulators etc. Important distinction has been made in terms of the potential clinical applications of PENGs, either as wearable or implantable bioelectronic devices. While discussing the potential applications as implantable devices, the biocompatibility of the several hybrid devices using large animal models is summarized. This review closes with the futuristic vision of integrating data science approaches in developmental pipeline of PENGs as well as clinical translation of the next generation PENGs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) hold great promise for transforming personalized healthcare through self-powered sensors, drug delivery systems, and tissue regeneration. The limited battery life of implantable devices like pacemakers presents a significant challenge, leading to complications from repititive surgeries. To address such a critical issue, researchers are focusing on generating green energy from biomechanical sources to power wearable and implantable bioelectronic devices. This comprehensive review critically examines the latest advancements in synthetic and nature-inspired piezoelectric materials for PENGs in personalized healthcare. Moreover, it discusses the potential of piezoelectric materials and data science approaches to enhance the efficiency and reliability of personalized healthcare devices for clinical applications.

Ultrastretchable and highly conductive hydrogels based on Fe3+- lignin nanoparticles for subzero wearable strain sensor

Conductive hydrogels have attracted considerable interest for potential applications in soft robotics, electronic skin and human monitoring. However, insufficient mechanical characteristics, low adhesion and unsatisfactory electrical conductivity severely restrict future application possibilities of hydrogels. Herein, lignin nanoparticles (LNPs)-Fe3+-ammonium persulfate (APS) catalytic system was introduced to assemble Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/LNPs/Ca2+ (PHEMA/LNPs/Ca) hydrogels. Due to the abundant metal coordination and hydrogen bonds, the composite hydrogel displayed ultrahigh stretchable capacity (3769 %), adhesion properties (248 kPa for skin) and self-healing performance. Importantly, hydrogel sensors possess with high durability, strain sensitivity (GF = 8.75), fast response time and freeze resistance (−20 °C) that could be employed to monitor motion signals in low-temperature regime. Therefore, the LNPs-Fe3+ catalytic system has great potential in preparing hydrogel for various applications such as human-computer interaction, artificial intelligence, personal healthcare and subzero wearable devices. At the same time, incorporation of natural macromolecules into polymer hydrogels is tremendous research significance for investigating high-value utilization of lignin.

Self-healing, EMI shielding, and antibacterial properties of recyclable cellulose liquid metal hydrogel sensor

Flexible hydrogels are promising materials for the preparation of artificial intelligence electronics and wearable devices. Introducing a rigid conductive material into the hydrogels can improve their electrical conductivities. However, it may have poor interfacial compatibility with the flexible hydrogel matrix. Therefore, we prepared a hydrogel containing flexible and highly ductile liquid metal (LM). The hydrogel can be used as a strain sensor to monitor human motion. The hydrogel showed many properties (i.e., recyclability, EMI shielding properties (33.14 dB), antibacterial (100 %), strain sensitivity (gauge factor = 2.92), and self-healing) that cannot be achieved simultaneously by a single hydrogel. Furthermore, the recycling of LM and their application to hydrogel-based EMI shielding materials have not been investigated previously. Due to its excellent properties, the prepared flexible hydrogel has great potential for applications in artificial intelligence, personal healthcare, and wearable devices.

Antiviral Peptides in Antimicrobial Surface Coatings—From Current Techniques to Potential Applications

The transmission of pathogens through contact with contaminated surfaces is an important route for the spread of infections. The recent outbreak of COVID-19 highlights the necessity to attenuate surface-mediated transmission. Currently, the disinfection and sanitization of surfaces are commonly performed in this regard. However, there are some disadvantages associated with these practices, including the development of antibiotic resistance, viral mutation, etc.; hence, a better strategy is necessary. In recent years, peptides have been studied to be utilized as a potential alternative. They are part of the host immune defense and have many potential in vivo applications in drug delivery, diagnostics, immunomodulation, etc. Additionally, the ability of peptides to interact with different molecules and membrane surfaces of microorganisms has made it possible to exploit them in ex vivo applications such as antimicrobial (antibacterial and antiviral) coatings. Although antibacterial peptide coatings have been studied extensively and proven to be effective, antiviral coatings are a more recent development. Therefore, this study aims to highlight antiviral coating strategies and the current practices and application of antiviral coating materials in personal protective equipment, healthcare devices, and textiles and surfaces in public settings. Here, we have presented a review on potential techniques to incorporate peptides in current surface coating strategies that will serve as a guide for developing cost-effective, sustainable and coherent antiviral surface coatings. We further our discussion to highlight some challenges of using peptides as a surface coating material and to examine future perspectives.

Self-Adhesive and Conductive Dual-Network Polyacrylamide Hydrogels Reinforced by Aminated Lignin, Dopamine, and Biomass Carbon Aerogel for Ultrasensitive Pressure Sensor.

Conductive hydrogels have attracted extensive interest owing to its potential in soft robotics, electronic skin, and human monitoring. However, insufficient mechanical properties, lower adhesivity, and unsatisfactory conductivity seriously hinder potential applications in this emerging field. Herein, a highly elastic conductive hydrogel with a combination of favorable mechanical properties, self-adhesiveness, and excellent electrical performance was achieved by the synergistic effect of aminated lignin (AL), polydopamine (PDA), polyacrylamide (PAM) chains, and biomass carbon aerogel (C-SPF). In detail, AL was applied to induce slow oxidative polymerization of DA for preparing the sticky hydrogel containing PDA. Then, C-SPF carbon aerogel was used as a matrix to construct a dual-network structured composite hydrogel by combining with the hydrogels derived from PDA, AL, and PAM. The as-prepared conductive hydrogel displayed excellent mechanical performance, strong adhesive strength, and repeatable adhesivity. The prepared hydrogel-based pressure sensor possessed fast response (0.6 s loading and 0.8 s unloading stress time), high response (maximum RCR = 1.8 × 104), wide working pressure range (from 0 to 240.0 kPa), and excellent durability (stable 500 compression cycles with 30% deformation). In addition, the prepared sensor also displayed ultrahigh sensitivity (170 kPa-1), which was near 4 orders of magnitude higher than the conventional lignin-modified PAM hydrogels. The multiple interactions between hydrogel components and the mechanical properties of hydrogel were also verified by molecular dynamics investigation. Moreover, the excellent cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity of this composite hydrogel ensured high potential in various applications such as human/machine interaction, artificial intelligence, personal healthcare, and wearable devices.

Developing the max-min power control algorithm for distributed wireless body area networks

There has been increasing research on wireless body area networks (WBANs) due to their wide range of applications, rapidly developing personal equipment and healthcare support devices. This paper investigates a WBAN model that consists of many sensors. The sensors are distributed around the body and communicate with access points (APs). In order to improve the throughput of the system, an algorithm is applied to select the AP that has the best channel conditions to receive information from every sensor. Moreover, the authors developed the max–min power control algorithm to control the transmit power of sensors in the uplink and APs in the downlink depending on their channel condition. The proposed algorithm is investigated based on several parameters, such as the number of sensors, the number of APs, the length of uplink and downlink training in samples, and so on. According to simulation results, the sensor with max–min power control achieves higher throughput in all considered scenarios, leading to a significant improvement in the WBAN system throughput for both cases of the uplink and downlink.

Design of Internet of Things enabled personalized healthcare device for vital signs monitoring

Due to the advancement in personal health care devices, healthcare monitoring of an individual at anytime and from any location becomes a reality. The major issue with most personal healthcare device is their high power consumption and frequent charging. It prevents such devices from being used in critical regions where there is no provision for continuous power or medical infrastructure. Energy harvesting is one of the methodologies extending the lifetime of a battery. This paper presents the design of an Internet of Things enabled personalized healthcare device for monitoring human vital signs. The hardware prototype is developed with a low cost Wi-Fi enabled embedded board known as NodeMCU. The NodeMCU interfaced with vital signs monitoring sensors, an activity monitoring sensor, a rechargeable battery, and a solar panel. The vital signs of a person, such as body temperature, heart rate and activity are collected in a cloud environment and an alert is sent to the caregiver under abnormal circumstances. The results show that the prototype can successfully monitor the vital signs and activity such as idle or fallen, and also the lifetime of the battery has been extended for long term use, contributing to a healthier life style.

Optical tuning of fiber Bragg grating by MXene's photothermal effect

MXene is an emerging class of two-dimensional materials with unique physicochemical properties. Taking advantage of its excellent photothermal conversion property contributes to the realization of compact and flexible nanophotonic applications. We report an attractive optical tuning fiber Bragg grating (FBG) configuration. The Bragg wavelength of the FBG can be tuned by illuminating the deposited MXene sheet. To investigate the response characteristics of the FBG device (MXene-FBG), a green laser (λ = 532 nm) as the pump source is illuminated onto the MXene sheet. Experimental results reveal that the Bragg wavelength of the MXene-FBG (MFBG) can be tuned by changing the laser power reversibly and rapidly. A high and linear tunability of ∼23 pm/mW is realized within the light power range of 0–40 mW. The proof-of-concept demonstration of MXene’s photothermal effect in fiber-optic community, helps understand MXene’s optical properties and opens up opportunities for relevant applications in personal health-care, optical switch and active devices.

Wearable e-textile integrated sensors for detecting hyperkalemia and hypokalemia

Recent evolutions in wearable and personalized healthcare devices have led to the emergence of real-time monitoring of the physiological and metabolic status of human beings. Detection of disorders related to potassium levels including hyperkalemia and hypokalemia is very much challenging in the current scenario. Potassium imbalance leads to massive change in electrical activity of the body especially disturbs the function of the brain, heart, nerves, bone and muscles in hospitalized patients. Potassium loss is a major concern in disorders such as hyperhidrosis and Cystic Fibrosis. Hence the real-time monitoring of potassium levels in the hospitalized patients may provide information related to latent cardiac problems and also assist in the diagnosis of apparent life-threatening diseases. Comprehensively, the real-time monitoring of potassium concentrations may shed light on the electrolyte loss, dehydration status and also the other associated diseases. In this study, the correlation between the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and the potassium levels can diagnose the potassium imbalance in a non-invasive manner. The novelty of our work is to develop a wearable E-textile integrated sensor for the detection of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia through ECG signal. The main advantage of this product is wearable and portable, and also ensures the patient safety and user friendly particularly for elderly and disabled patients and also for children.

All‐3D‐Printed, Flexible, and Hybrid Wearable Bioelectronic Tactile Sensors Using Biocompatible Nanocomposites for Health Monitoring

AbstractPhysiological signals contain a wealth of personal health information which needs continuous monitoring for early detection of disease‐induced physiological irregularities and can be established as a potential approach to developing personalized healthcare devices. However, it is restricted by the lack of cost‐effective, precise, sensitive, and biocompatible flexible wearable sensors that are rapidly, reliably, and cost‐effectively are integratable. Here the work is reported on the development of novel, multimaterial, and multilayer all‐3D‐printed nanocomposite‐based (M2A3DNC) microengineered, flexible, hybrid, and soft wearable pressure sensors to record sensitive and multiple physiological signals for real‐time human health monitoring. By applying the intrinsic property of extrusion 3D printing, the conductive layers as well as the hemicylinder microstructure dielectric layer are directly 3D printed by optimizing the moving path of a nozzle, with air voids formation after assembling to enhance the compressibility of the active layer in our sensors. The microengineered sensors exhibit a very low detection limit, rapid response time, a repeatable and reproducible mechanical property with matching modulus with human skin (0.57–3.7 MPa) while offering intimate contact to the skin, excellent biocompatibility, and high mechanical compressibility in the active layer which leads to significantly high sensitivity. Thus, the proposed 3D printed cost‐effective M2A3DNC sensors pave a novel path to develop a highly compressible microstructured device with high sensitivity and low detection limit in a time‐effective manner with demonstrated application in real‐time health monitoring and envision further applicability in robotics tactile sensing interfaces.

Photonic Janus Carbon Fibers with Structural Color Gradient for Multicolored, Wirelessly Wearable Thermal Management Devices

AbstractJanus structure offers materials unique functionalities which are difficult to achieve otherwise with isotropic counterpart, opening up new avenues in diverse application fields. Here, a series of novel photonic Janus carbon fibers (PJCFs) with structural color gradient and excellent mechanical stability are reported by introducing 1D photonic layers with a gradient of periodicity. By virtue of the unique photonic architecture, the PJCFs exhibit a multiple and continuous variation of structural color (i.e., structural color gradient) in a full spectrum. By controlling the thickness of periodic layer, a series of PJCFs with vivid and tunable structural colors ranging from blue, green, orange, to violet‐red can be obtained. Furthermore, their gradient structural colors remain constant after reciprocating rubbing and laundering, showing outstanding mechanical robustness. Notably, benefiting from the inherent electrothermal property and flexibility of CFs, the PJCFs display stable Joule heating performance even under deformation. As proof‐of‐concept, the PJCFs are further integrated with wireless transmission system to construct a multicolored, wirelessly controlled thermal management device, realizing remote and precise temperature manipulation via Bluetooth. This work provides not only a new platform for achieving distinct structural color gradient of CFs, but also a promising strategy toward next‐generation multicolored personal healthcare devices.

Surface-engineered triboelectric nanogenerator patches with drug loading and electrical stimulation capabilities: Toward promoting infected wounds healing

Skin wounds are commonly seen, while their repair can be severely affected due to bacterial infections. Using the wearable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as miniaturized electrical stimulation (ES) devices at the wound site is an appealing strategy for infected skin wounds repair. However, the development of an integrated TENG patch to achieve in situ ES as well as controlled drug loading/release remains challenging. Herein, a flexible TENG patch is rationally designed with a surface-engineered electrode possessing Mg-Al layered double hydroxide as a smart drug container and friction layer to accelerate infected wounds healing. The surface-engineered TENG patch exhibits improved triboelectricity-generation performance and effective delivery of minocycline. In vitro results show that such TENG patches can kill almost 100% of E. coli and S. aureus , and greatly promote the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. Upon application to the S. aureus -infected wounds with full-thickness skin defect in mice, the patches can inhibit wound bacteria (~ 96.7%) and facilitate the skin tissue repair process, allowing the infected wound to heal within 10 days. Moreover, a novel antibacterial mechanism of a low-intensity electric field from alternating current is proposed, which can be ascribed to the accumulated electrical breakdown effect and H 2 O 2 produced by ES to rupture the bacterial membranes. This work offers a convenient solution for infected wound treatment and opens a new route for personalized healthcare devices for microbial management. • TENG patch with the surface-engineered electrodes was presented for controlled drug loading/release and locally electrical stimulation. • The patches attached to the infected skin wounds of mice can inhibit bacteria and facilitate infected wound healing. • A novel antibacterial mechanism of a low-intensity electric field from alternating current was proposed.