Personal Fund Research Articles

Report of V. M. Turok-Popov at the 1964 meeting of the section of social sciences of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the tasks of Soviet Slavic studies

This article presents V. M. Turok-Popov’s contribution to the critical reflection of methodological problems of Soviet historical science, including Soviet Slavic studies, during the thaw. From the documents of the scientist’s personal fund kept in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, his report on the tasks of Slavic studies for the meeting of the Section of Social Sciences of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1964, the purpose of which was to develop methodological issues of history, is published for the first time. The proceedings of the meeting were published in the collection ‘History and Sociology’ (1964), but Turok-Popov’s report was not included in it, which limited the circle of people who could have familiarised themselves with it. The publication is accompanied by a letter from V. V. Altman’s letter, which conveys the reaction to the report of the participants of the meeting and indicates some reasons for its absence from the collection.

Monuments of Bugo-Dniester and Trypil culture in the scientific heritage by P. I. Havlyuk

The purpose of the article is to generalize and evaluate the scientific conclusions of P. I. Havlyuk about the development of archaeological cultures of the Neolithic (Bugo-Dniester) and Eneolithic (Trypil) eras. The research methodology is represented by: the principle of historicism, the systemic approach, the methods of logic and grouping, the comparative-historical and problem-chronological principle. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the article summarizes P. I. Havlyuk conclusions about early agricultural archaeological cultures in the Eastern Podil, as well as their assessment by other archaeologists. To write the article, unpublished manuscripts from the personal fund of P. I. Havlyuk, stored in the Vinnytsya Regional Museum of History and Nature and archaeological research reports from the Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine were used. The point of view of P. I. Havlyuk about the peculiarities of the material culture of the population during the Neolithic and Eneolithic eras in the Middle Pobuzhzhia is presented. The following issues were considered: topography of settlements (planning features), characteristics of housing construction, economic activity (agriculture and animal husbandry) and crafts (pottery, weaving and tool making). The article also mentions the settlements of the Bugo-Dniester culture discovered by the archaeologist (Glynishche, Glynske I, Ladyzhyn I, Ladyzhyn II, Samchintsi, Skibyntsi, Sokiltsi, Trostyanets) and Trypil culture (Borysivka, Velyki Yaruzhki, Verbivka I, Verbivka II, Gunchanske, Ivanky, Klishchiv, Pechera, Rakhnianske, Soroka, Ulanivka, Chortorija). They are chronologically systematized and a scientific interpretation is presented. Conclusions. The archaeologist was the first in Vinnytsia to start a systematic study of Neolithic monuments. He managed to find out the peculiarities of material culture and present his own interpretation of the development of the population of that time. The discussion about the published conclusions of P. I. Havlyuk continues.

СЛУЖЕНИЕ НАУКЕ «ИСТОРИЯ»

The article is devoted to the life and scientific work of the famous scientist historian Vladimir Petrovich Ivankov, who worked for many years at the Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Bashkir Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now the UFIC RAS) as the head of the sector of the history of Soviet society, who will turn 105 years old on May 27, 2024. He lived a difficult life, but full of important and turning points in his life. The article draws on unique sources deposited in the scientist’s personal collection in the Scientific Archive of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. First of all, these are his personal files, which contain documents relating to his work at the institute. Of no small importance are the published prospectuses of generalizing collective works preparing for scientific development, where V.P. Ivankov is listed as a member of the team of authors as a scientific supervisor or executive editor. Some documents from the personal fund of the famous scientist R.G. were used. Kuzeev in the Scientific Archive of the UFIC RAS, which contained information about the preparation of a collective work on the history of the BASSR, which was subsequently entrusted to V.P. Ivankova. Vladimir Petrovich Ivankov receives a historical education at the Udmurt Pedagogical Institute. He begins his career in schools in Izhevsk. After graduating from the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, he worked in the party bodies of Udmurtia. In the early 1950s. studies at the Academy of Social Sciences, where he defends his Ph.D. thesis. In 1957 he was transferred to Bashkiria, where he worked at the regional party school as head of the department of history of the CPSU, then at BSU. Despite his busy schedule, he devoted a lot of time to scientific work, an interest in which began in his student years, and continued at the Academy while preparing his dissertation. While still in Udmurtia, he participated in the development of the history of the local party organization and the preparation of documentary collections. In Bashkiria, he was involved in writing general works on regional history. From September 1963 to November 1983 all further life and scientific activity of V.P. Ivankova was associated with the Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Bashkir Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Having headed the sector of the history of Soviet society, he took on the difficult tasks of writing the third volume of a collective work on the history of the BASSR, the history of the party organization of the republic. The tasks set by the executive editor were completed in a timely manner and successfully, summarizing works were published, which became an important result of the research activities of the scientist and the institute itself.

Unrealized Monographic Project of M.N. Kufaev “Bibliology” (1926)

The article is devoted to the manuscript prospectus of the anticipated book “Bibliology” by M.N. Kufaev (1888—1948), which is kept in the personal archive fund of N.Yu. Ulyaninsky (1872—1937) in the Manuscripts Department of the Russian State Library. It was prepared in the summer of 1926 and was intended for the State Publishing House. In the document M.N. Kufaev outlined an expanded understanding of bibliology as a general philosophy and methodology of book studies, which he had formulated earlier in his work Philosophy of the Book. The prospectus gives an idea of M.N. Kufaev’s ideas in the field of book terminology and classification of book disciplines. In particular, the document testifies to the scientist’s desire to use the concept of “book culture”, to develop the theme of “book studies and Marxism”, to pay attention to the economics of book studies.

A TIRELESS WORKER: THE LIFE AND WORK OF V.D. DIMITRIEV ACCORDING TO THE DOCUMENTS OF THE PERSONAL FUND OF THE STATE HISTORICAL ARCHIVE OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC

The legacy of outstanding scientific figures, whose prominent representative was Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor V.D. Dimitriev, attracts attention due to its opportunity to comprehend fundamentally elaborated research papers, the experience in organizing their own and collective scientific work, teaching and active social activities. The purpose of the study is to attract the attention of specialists to the large documentary personal fund of V.D. Dimitriev, formed on the basis of materials received by the State Historical Archives of the Chuvash Republic. This institution keeps documents mainly characterizing him as an organizer of science, a statesman and a public figure, and a highly qualified teacher. Methods and materials. The article is based on a systematic review of the materials contained in the personal fund of V.D. Dimitriev. They are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, and based on their analysis, the activities of V.D. Dimitriev as a researcher and director of the Chuvash Scientific Research Institute of Language, Literature, History and Economics, professor and head of the department at I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University are uncovered. Some of the documents show the social activities of the scientist. Study results. The article uses specific examples to characterize such qualities of a talented researcher and a skilled organizer as the ability to set scientific tasks, to control the progress and verify the results of their execution. Numerous documents testify to the great efficiency of the scientist, scrupulousness in writing both large and small scientific texts, perfectionism, first of all to himself, as well as to colleagues. Concrete examples show how V.D. Dimitriev created a system for organizing scientific activities at the institute he headed, which shows its effectiveness to this day. The documents show that he was constantly engaged in its improvement. The deposited materials reflect the historian’s diverse interests, and show his significant role as a propagandist of scientific knowledge not only among colleagues, but also among the general public. The article pays much attention to his social activities. Conclusions. The authors are convinced that the documents of V.D. Dimitriev’s personal fund can be used in studying the personality of the scientist himself, they also reflect the trends in the development of humanities in the Chuvash ASSR as a whole, allow an inside look at the activities of the Historical and Philological (Historical) Faculty of I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University and the Chuvash State Institute of Humanities. The extensive correspondence conducted by V.D. Dimitriev on his administrative and scientific work characterizes many domestic and foreign scientists with whom he was in contact, which can be used in biographical research, uncover the scientific relations between researchers of Chuvashia and colleagues from other regions.

Personal archive fund of historian Ion Jarcuțchi

The present study deals with the creation, systematization and scientific circulation of the 72nd Fund (Dr. Ion Jarcuțchi , s Personal Fund) within the Section Archive. Restoration and pathology of documents (former Central Scientific Archive of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova). The most recent acquisition of the Section is the donation of the Jarcuțchi family, who wished to give the interested public access to the private library and the documents (manuscripts) of the historian and chronicler of science from the Republic of Moldova Ion Jarcuțchi (1948–2014). The scientific researcher also held various administrative positions: deputy to the General Secretary of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, scientific secretary of the Humanities and Arts Section, director of the Institute of History, director of the Centre for Encyclopedic Studies of the Institute of Encyclopedic Studies. Dr. Ion Jarcuțchi , s personal fund was created between September - October 2023. It consists of an inventory holding 697 storage units, divided into five parts: I. Scientific works. Self-reports; II. Journals. Reports. Yearbooks; III. Artistic and historical literature; IV. Manuscripts. Other scientific materials. V. Miscellaneous.

Личный фонд: перспективное решение для управления активами

In the turbulent conditions of the modern world, resolving such issues as protection of assets, possibility of their preservation and subsequent transfer to worthy successors can hardly be considered irrelevant. The question arises whether there is a legal mechanism that is universal both for managing and structuring the owner’s assets “here and now”, and for achieving various goals in the long term, not limited by the life of the founder. In March 2022, an institution that clearly claims to be considered in this perspective — a personal fund — has been introduced into Russian law.

Commemorative Albums of the Higher Communist Schools of the GDR in the 1950s (Based on Materials from the Personal Fund of Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences A. I. Lepeshkin)

Historic artifacts speak to the fact that various cultural forms existed in different historical periods. The recently discovered works presented in this article are unique artifacts of the cultural history of post-war Europe. Alexey Lepeshkin, who was a Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union and a specialist in the field of Soviet public law, was presented with two commemorative albums of the higher communist schools of the GDR (1952). As of today, these albums are part of Lepeshkin’s personal fund, and are stored in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (f. No.2004). This article gives the first scientific account of these items. The complex study of commemorative albums is relevant due to the lack of research in the area of handwritten commemorative albums of that period. A comprehensive analysis of the historical and cultural context of the interaction among the socialist countries after the end of the Second World War as exemplified by the relations between Russia and Germany in the example of two commemorative albums of German communist institutions of higher education gives researchers an opportunity to bring these manuscripts into a wider cultural and political context. The genre of hand-made folklore albums has a number of distinctive features in both form and content. This article is devoted to a formal and meaningful description and analysis of these memorial artifacts, both in terms of the texts contained in them, and in terms of visual anthropological analysis of photographs, drawings, and calligraphic features. On the basis of this material, we can draw conclusions about the preservation of folklore pragmatics and forms of existence by such albums, regardless of the change in the social structure in Russian and German culture.

Sposoby religioznoj samoidentifikacii v situacii obshchestvennoj konfrontacii: russkoe obshchestvo v konce XIX – pervoj chetverti XX v. (po materialam religioveda A.S. Prugavina)

The article deals with the problem of religious self-identification in Russian society during the period of historical upheavals - the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries and the first quarter of the 20th century. The relevance of the research is due to the ongoing search for a compromise between the confessional branches of Orthodoxy today. Society and the government in Russia are looking for a common social and spiritual foundation for Russian society. The question of religious searches in different parts of Russian society is considered in the article. The views and conclusions of representatives of various social movements are compared. The key attention in the text is paid to the views of populist researchers. The materials of the famous Russian religious scholar Alexander Stepanovich Prugavin are taken as the basis of the article. A review of publications and archival data has been compiled. Some of the materials are presented by Prugavins personal fund, which is located in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts. The views of the religious scholar on the possible path of development for contemporary Russia are analyzed. He singled out the Old Believers as a special social group in the country.

«В Историко-архивном институте историческая география еще не совсем исчезла»: письма О.М. Медушевской В.К. Яцунскому (1956—1966 гг.)

The publication includes the letters by O. M. Medushevskaya to V. K. Yatsunskiy written in 1956–1966. They are of interest to the study of the beginning of O. М. Medushevskaya’s research path, which is associated with historical geography and the history of geographical knowledge. The letters’ main themes are — the work of O. M. Medushevskaya at the Department of Auxiliary Historical Disciplines of the Moscow State Institute for History and Archives, preparation for publication of the lectures on the 17th—19th centuries maps, consultation of E. G. Istomina (Gelman) on the topic of the candidate dissertation (about the historical geography of the Novgorod province in the 18th century). These published sources are of particular interest for studying intergenerational communication between V. K. Yatsunskiy and O. M. Medushevskaya, the relationship between the teacher and the student. The letters were found in the personal fund of V. K. Yatsunskiy in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Soviet Historical Studies in the Mirror of Personal Connections: Correspondence between K. E. Grinevich and S. F. Platonov (1927–1929)

Based on the materials of the personal fund of Academician S. F. Platonov kept in the department of manuscripts of the Russian National Library, the author restores Platonov’s communication with K. E. Grinevich (1891–1970), a major researcher, museum worker, archaeologist, and antiquarian. The entire set of extant letters from Grinevich to Platonov is introduced into scholarly circulation which has never been done previously. This helps restore the nuances of the preparation and conduct of several all-Union scientific events that consolidated the historical community of the epoch through the prism of personal and official messages. The author expands the history of the conference of archaeologists of the USSR in Sevastopol which took place in September 1927. The documents studied make it possible to reveal in a new way the activities of Grinevich as an administrator in the field of Soviet museology during his transfer to Moscow as deputy head of the museum department of the Narkompros of the RSFSR. The article also shows the collaboration of scientists in preparing the all-Union archaeological congress. The correspondence demonstrates a conflict of interest between the Main Directorate of Scientific Institutions of the People’s Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR, which issued Archaeological Excavation Permits for archaeological work, and the State Academy of the History of Material Culture, which provided scientific support for these studies. It is demonstrated that Grinevich did not stop contacts with Chersonese and Crimean academic science in general. This is evidenced by his active participation in the congress on the study of the productive forces of Crimea (1928) and his long visits to Chersonese during the archaeological seasons. Finally, the author demonstrates the career rise of a provincial museum worker and the change in the style of his communication with colleagues in Crimea and in the capitals in this regard.

Архивные фонды и коллекции документов профессора Г. З. Байера в Санкт-Петербурге и Глазго

The article provides an overview of archival documents related to Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer (1694–1738), professor of the first staff of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Bayer's research interests were quite diverse and included the study of the languages and culture of Asia, the Volga region, the Urals, Siberia, history of the Black Sea region, origin of the Varangians and Rus'. Bayer's documents are mainly concentrated in two repositories: the St. Petersburg branch of the Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPbF ARAN) and in the Special Collections of the University of Glasgow Library (UGL). The article examines the history of the formation and composition of archival collections, as well as the most significant publications. In the St. Petersburg Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences there is a personal collection of Bayer, formed in the Soviet period. The fund includes two inventories: manuscripts of works and materials and correspondence of the scientist, with a total of 64 files. In addition to the personal fund, Bayer’s documents can be found in other funds and categories of the St. Petersburg Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The archive contains notes, projects, organizational, administrative, personnel, financial documentation, including those related to Bayer’s activities as inspector of the Academic Gymnasium. Bayer's papers in the University of Glasgow Library arrived there at the beginning of the 19th century. The collection is made up of documents sent shortly before the scientist’s death to K?nigsberg and includes draft articles, notes, various copies and extracts, correspondence, books from his personal library, a total of 261 items. Almost all the documents in Glasgow are related to Bayer's orientalist interests. Complexes of documents in St. Petersburg and Glasgow include the scholar’s autographs. Most of the documents are manuscripts. There are a small number of printed books, including those of Chinese origin (UGL). Certain documents are duplicated in both complexes, for example, Bayer's correspondence with Jesuit missionaries in China. The first publications of Bayer's archival documents were made in the 18th century. Extracts from the documents appeared in various publications of the 19th century on the history of the Academy of Sciences. Several articles and monographs cited extensive quotations from Bayer's correspondence. A significant number of items were abstracted and cited in the Catalogue of the Bayer collection in Glasgow. A few translations of Bayer's texts are given in the new volume on the history of the Academy of Sciences. Bayer's archival collections complement each other, allowing one to evaluate the academic research practices and trace connections and interactions in the 18th-century scholars.

На пути к свободе слова: Особое совещание по составлению нового Устава о печати в 1905 г.

The article deals with the discussions that accompanied the work of the Special Council on drafting a new press statute in 1905. The Council, also known as the «D. F. Kobeko Commission», worked from February 10 to December 18, 1905. The minutes of its meetings, which served as the main source for the study, were deposited in the personal fund of the prominent statesman and public figure, lawyer A. F. Koni in the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF). Researchers who approached them earlier were primarily interested in the institutional aspects of the activity of the The Special Council: the procedure for its formation, composition, course and results of the meetings. The participants in the discussion, with their views, ideas and proposals, remained in the background. Meanwhile at the The Special Council was represented the expert community, organized on the authorities` initiative. In addition to officials, lawyers, publishers, journalists and public figures of various views were involved in drafting the new press law. This determined the problematic nature and acuteness of the discussions. During the meetings of the Special Council, the positions of the two most significant and influential groups of the Russian public – the ideological supporters and the convinced opponents of the reforms – were formulated and determined. Representatives of each of them were guided by different worldviews that determined their political and social position. In their judgments, which for the first time are considered comprehensively in historiography, they went much further than the issues of the press. Their discussions revealed their positions on the key issues of Russian public thought in 1905: representation of the people, constitutional state, political and civil liberties and revolution. The intellectual history`s methodology made it possible to place the statements of the members of the Council in a broad socio-political context. And the use of additional (mostly unpublished) office documents allowed to determine to what extent the Special Council corresponded to the key trends of the state policy in the field of press and propaganda. And to what extent the «D. F. Kobeko Commission» foresaw and determined these trends. On the basis of the study it is concluded that in 1905 the Russian public was widely integrated into the lawmaking process. This cooperation did not always bring legislative fruits. But it significantly changed the political agenda, considerably narrowing the «boundaries of permissible» for the supreme power.

«О поле, поле! Кто тебя усеял мертвыми костями?!». Из воспоминаний защитника Сталинграда политрука П. В. Ткаченко. Август 1942 г.

In the personal fund R-2808 "Boris Sergeevich Abalikhin - Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor" of the State Archive of the Volgograd Region (SAVR) the authors identified a personal letter from the academic secretary of the regional center of the Saratov State Pedagogical Institute, Associate Professor Pyotr Vasilievich Tkachenko to the rector of the Volgograd State Pedagogical University V. I. Danilchuk and Academician B. S. Abalikhin. S. Abalikhin, dated by postmark November 18, 1993. On the envelope on the diagonal large "V. I. personally” was diagonally written. It was received in Volgograd on November 21, 1993. The letter bears the rector's visa - "to Vice-Rector N. K. Sergeev, to Academician B. S. Abalikhin.” Most likely, the letter was written after the regional meeting on vocational guidance work, at which V. I. Danilchuk spoke. The meeting with his colleague from Volgograd revitalized P. V. Tkachenko's Stalingrad memories associated with the Great Patriotic War. In his letter, the events of the Battle of Stalingrad and the battles for Orlovka come to life in his memory. Biographical information is drawn from the personal file of Associate Professor P. V. Tkachenko, kept in the archive of the N. G. Chernyshevsky Saratov National Research State University. It contains an autobiography, personal record sheet, certificate of school department of Krasnokutsk Pedagogical College, diploma of Saratov State Pedagogical Institute, diploma of candidate of sciences and certificate of associate professor, characteristics, list of scientific works, award list, certificates, statements, decision of the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR on awarding, excerpt from the order on declaring gratitude to the participants of the Battle of Stalingrad. The Book of Memory of the Saratov region contains information about the military service of P. V. Tkachenko. In 2023 Volgograd and the whole country celebrated a significant event, a landmark for the historic victory in the Great Patriotic War - the 80th anniversary of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad. In the state plan of celebration, approved by the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin, special attention was paid to the activities associated with the personification of the great feats of the heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad. It seems that the introduction of this letter into scientific circulation will complete the picture of the Battle of Stalingrad through the prism of the memories of 79-year-old political officer of the 7th company of the 724th rifle regiment of the 315th Siberian rifle division Pyotr Vasilievich Tkachenko. The letter is autograph, has a handwritten form and is written on yellowed paper. The date of writing is missing.

ТЕРТИЈ ИВАНОВИЧ ФИЛИПОВ И СРПСКО ЦРКВЕНО ПИТАЊЕ

The paper sheds light on Terty Ivanovich Filippov (1826–1899), a Russian civil servant and publicist, who was active within the Slavophile circle, especially within St. Petersburg Department of the Moscow Slavic Benevolent Committee – as of 1877 the St. Petersburg Slavic Benevolent Society. A focus is also placed on his relations with Serbs and the Serbian Orthodox Church. We look for answers in the personal fund of Terty Ivanovich Filippov No 1099, kept in the State Archive of the Russian Federation in Moscow.

Обзор материалов фонда Р-145 Национального архива Республики Калмыкии — личного фонда профессора Н. Н. Пальмова

Introduction. N. N. Palmov, the founder of the archives of Kalmykia, one of the first researchers of the history of Kalmykia during the Soviet period, made a huge contribution to the formation and development of historical science and archival affairs of Kalmykia. The purpose of the article is to give an overview of the affairs of the personal fund of Professor N. N. Palmov, stored in the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia. Results. The article presents an overview of the cases included in the personal fund of N. N. Palmov. It is noted that a significant place in the R-145 fund is occupied by information about land problems, about the economic activities of the Kalmyks and about social problems. There are materials on plans for the reconstruction of public life, on the living conditions of the Kalmyk population. Often, the cases of the R-145 foundation are complex in nature — a variety of data included in one case show the process of N. N. Palmov’s research work. Conclusions. The R-145 Fund of the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia contains materials that expand the source base of those engaged in the study of Kalmyk history. The case files of this foundation add new positive touches to the image of N. N. Palmov as a historian and just a person.

Антропологічний матеріал із городища уличів 10 століття біля с. Сажки на Вінниччині із розкопок П. І. Хавлюка у 1970-1978 рр.

The purpose of the article is to summarize information about the anthropological material from the excavations of P. I. Havlyuk, which was found at the ulychi settlement near the village Sazhki in 1970-1978 and its introduction into scientific circulation. The research methodology is represented by: the principle of historicism, system approach, methods of logic, grouping, comparative-historical, statistical and problem-chronological principle. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it summarizes information about the found human skeletons belonging to the ulyches who died as a result of an attack on the settlement during the first stage of its existence in the 10th century. Today, only part of the preserved human skeletons from the excavations in Sazhki are available for detailed anthropological research. To write the article, unpublished materials from the personal fund of PI Havlyuk in the Vinnytsya Regional Museum of History and Nature and the State Archive of the Vinnytsia Region were used, namely: field diaries, manuscripts, and epistolary heritage. The scientific reports on excavations stored in the Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in Kyiv were also included in the work. Information is provided on the position of the discovered skeletons, their probable signs of death, and personal items found among or near the bones. The skeletons are systematized by age category. For a significant part of the dead, their gender has been determined. Conclusions. It was possible to establish the position of the skeletons of 94 deceased. Among the dead, according to P. I. Havlyuk, there are signs: wounds; tied limbs and burnt. The inventory material was found in 33 deceased persons aged two years and older. The sex of 42 persons was determined, of which 32 were female and 10 were male.

SOCIAL CONTEXTS OF FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION OF OLDER ADULTS IN MONGOLIA: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

Abstract Financial exploitation (FE) is a type of elder abuse and is the illegal or improper use of funds and resources of older persons. Approximately one in 15 older adults are victimized by FE globally. Due to its devastating consequences, FE has been identified as an emerging health, financial, and social crisis. Evidence suggests exploring cultural values is crucial to understanding the nature of FE in a specific context. While conceptualization of FE varies significantly across cultures, little is known about FE in Mongolia given its potential for increased vulnerability. We present findings of a secondary analysis of previously conducted exploratory study in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. A total of 24 physicians participated in semi-structured interviews, participants who were uniquely positioned to encounter incidences of FE due to requent contact with older patients. All interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Grounded theory methods were used for the data analysis. This study found that older Mongolians are at increased vulnerability to financial exploitation due to mounting financial hardships their families experience. To assist, older adults take out pension loans with high interest fees. Due to a lack of personal fund, essential needs of older adults are often ignored. In some instances, older adults’ pensions could be the most reliable source of income for poor families. Physicians believe while some older adults act upon willingly to assist, some might be forced under the collective decision made by family members. The findings of this study advanced the knowledge of FE in Mongolia which was formerly understudied.

Familial Relations of Russian Naval Officer N.V. Kopytov: based on Epistolary Sources of 1866-1897

The author in their work analyzes familial relations, gender roles and gender equality issues based on Vice Admiral N.V. Kopytov’s letters to his wife, letters currently being stored in his personal fund stored at the Russian State Archive of Navy. The novelty of the scientific usefulness of the letters is determined by their use as a source base for further historical analysis. The introduction of N.V. Kopytov’s personal letters into scientific use for the first time has allowed the authors and further researchers to obtain information to analyze a wide range of issues: including interpersonal communications, gender relations, everyday life, and professional activities. In addition, this research has allowed the analysis of the influence of peculiarities of mentality, class affiliation, financial situation on the character and main priorities of relationships in N.V. Kopytov’s family. Recent research interest in personal letters as historical sources of private origin and the epistolary genre is currently associated with the ability to identify common and specific features of intra-family communications of people of a certain social stratum and social status, in this particular case, the noble family of the Vice-Admiral of Navy. The study of the letters allows us to conclude that the Kopytov family was not typical of Russian society and was more of an equal partnership, despite the prevailing gender inequality enshrined in the legislation and in the mentality of the population of time. The authors have examined the causes of family relations which were considered progressive for the period under consideration, based on the equal division of gender roles and the position of spouses in joint decision-making.

The development of the territory of the European North by representatives of individual religious groups (on the example of the study by the narodniks of the Old Believers religious group)

The article describes how and in what ways the largest religious group of the Russian Empire — the Old Believers – mastered the northern territory of the European part of Russia. The archives and materials of the well-known narodnik-religious scholar A. S. Prugavin (1850-1920) act as a source of information. In general, A. S. Prugavin's approach to the perception of the Old Believers did not differ from the traditional narodnik one, when this social community was considered a group ready for protest and struggle with the authorities, which only needed to be properly directed. But after being exiled to the European North (Arkhangelsk province), the researcher realized how much the intelligentsia and public figures were mistaken about the understanding of the common people, and changed his attitude to the Old Believers. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and system analysis of available sources. In particular, the author considered the journalism of A.S. Prugavin through archival materials preserved in the personal fund. The peculiarity of A. S. Prugavin's approach was a global rather than selective immersion in the topic. The religious scholar not only developed a "Program for collecting information about religious movements in the Russian people," he followed it himself and called for a similar approach by others. He often personally contacted religious groups and received information through personal observations and subsequent correspondence with representatives of Old Believers and sectarianism. That is why the Old Believers were perceived not only as a group that was isolated on a spiritual basis, but also as a significant part of the Russian people. The religious scholar came to the conclusion that the socio-economic role of the Old Believers in the peasant environment (contribution to education and economic development) is underestimated, whereas this experience could become a model for the development of the northern village, in search of which there were representatives of various socio-political groups.