Personal Files Research Articles

Личные дела китайских подданных: из истории трудовой миграции на Северо-Западе России в годы Первой мировой войны

The article presents for the first time an overview of the personal files of one of the funds of the National Archive of the Republic of Karelia. For the first time, biographical documents were introduced into scientific circulation, which formed the basis for completing the personal files of employees of the Murmansk Railway (admission lists, medical certificates, form lists, applications for employment). The content of documents of personal files of labor migrants from China during the First World War is analyzed. The information potential of archival documents for the development of the historical and biographical method is revealed and shown.

The Tenth Wartime Graduation of the Pavlovsk Military School. In the Faces and Destinies of the Natives of the Caucasian Military District

This publication continues a series of publications on the interim results of the personal identification of cadets of the tenth accelerated wartime graduation of the Pavlovsky Military School, one of the most prestigious military educational institutions of the Russian Empire of its time. In this article we are talking about the cadets of the designated school, who were born in the territories that were part of the Caucasian Military District of the Russian Empire. The data on the occupied areas and the confessional composition of the regions that made up the Caucasian Military District at the end of the XIX century are given. The presented material presents the collected biographical information and porter images on some of the named persons who chose the military path, becoming officers during the First World War, at the same time, eyewitnesses and direct participants in the landmark events of the first half of the twentieth century in the history of our country, such as revolutions, wars, emigration and repression. The life path of some of the mentioned persons is briefly described. The research was carried out on the basis of work with the funds of federal and regional archives. This publication serves as an example of the answers to which questions can be found in the personal files of students of the Russian Empire. In addition, the publication is designed to help find the descendants of the people mentioned in the article, as well as to attract the attention of historians, local historians and just not indifferent people who are able to provide additional information about these persons.

Odwołanie do Boga w przysiędze strażników więziennych w Polsce na przestrzeni wieków

Aim: The aim of the study is an attempt to analyse references to God in the oath rote of prison guards from the Middle Ages, through the First Polish Republic, the Kingdom of Poland, the Second Polish Republic, the People's Poland, to the present day. Methods: In order to carry out the investigative research, we chose the method of document analysis. Archival sources stored in state and establishment archives, including personal files of prison guards and legislative sources of various ranks of state authorities were examined. Results: As a result of the study, it was found, among other things, that after the Second World War, when prison staff were linked by the communists to the public security system, the oath was replaced by a vow and took on a completely secular character. Nowadays, it is possible to voluntarily add the words "So help me God" at the end of the rote being recited. Conclusion: Giving the proper importance to the oath of prison officers came only after the democratic changes in Poland. Currently, its taking is accompanied by a solemn ceremony. Taking the oath in a symbolic dimension is an act of joining the ranks of the state formation, whose mission is to honourably serve the society. Originality: The history of the penitentiary system, with few exceptions, is not a primary subject of interest for contemporary researchers. The oath of prison guards from the earliest times to the present day in the Polish lands has not yet been the subject of research, and in the penitentiary literature one searches in vain for wider reports related to the reference to God in the wording of their oaths. Keyword: Reference to God, oath, affirmation, rota, ceremonial, prison guards

Social structure of post-war students: experience in processing data from personal files from the archive of the Pskov Pedagogical Institute

Social structure of post-war students: experience in processing data from personal files from the archive of the Pskov Pedagogical Institute

Nutritional assessment and dietary intervention among survivors of childhood cancer: current landscape and a look to the future.

Over 85% of childhood cancer patients become long-term survivors. Still, cancer and its therapies are associated with a myriad of long-term complications such that childhood cancer survivors (CCS) endure excess disease burden, morbidity, and mortality throughout their lifetimes. Existing literature suggests that CCS maintain poor dietary intake and nutritional status. Thus, as childhood cancer cure rates continue to improve, the role of diet and nutrition in mitigating many of the most common adverse long-term health outcomes among CCS has gained significant interest. Herein we present an in-depth review of existing scientific literature evaluating dietary intake and nutrition status among CCS and its impact on treatment-related health complications; as well as contemporary intervention strategies aimed at overcoming distinctive barriers and improving deleterious lifestyle behaviors in this heterogeneous, at-risk population. Patient-specific, clinical, and systemic factors act as barriers to the timely conduct of comprehensive dietary/nutritional assessments and provision of tailored, risk-based recommendations. This Mini Review discusses the current state of the science, persisting research gaps, and opportunities for advancement of assessment and intervention strategies to address the unique needs of CCS. Search Strategy: We searched PubMed for peer-reviewed articles with the search terms "pediatric cancer," "pediatric malignancy," "pediatric oncology," "childhood cancer," "survivorship," "cancer late effects," "long-term follow-up," "body mass index," "nutritional status," "malnutrition," "body weight," "body weight changes," "body composition," "obesity," "overweight ", "Mediterranean diet," "DASH diet," "processed foods," "micronutrients," "antioxidants," "vitamin D," "calcium," "selenium," "zinc," "metabolic syndrome," "heart disease," "cardiovascular disease," "cardiometabolic disease," "hypertension," "hyperlipidemia," "HDL," "LDL," and "small dense LDL" from January 1, 1995, to July 21, 2023. We also selected relevant articles from our personal files and from reference lists of identified papers. We prioritized publications after 2013; however, commonly cited and highly regarded (defined by high citation count and journal impact factor) older publications were also included. Randomized controlled trials, observational studies, retrospective studies, meta-analysis, editorials, and review articles were included, whereas conference abstracts and case reports were excluded. We only searched for articles published in English, or those translated into English.

Relationship between perception of resource inequality and children's and adolescents' resource allocation decision: a protocol for systematic review and narrative synthesis

Social inequalities are worsened by the decision about how resources are to be allocated. Considering that children and adolescents are likely to become future leaders and decision-makers, understanding which principles they follow regarding resource allocation in situations of inequality is crucial. This paper aims at presenting a protocol for systematic review of the relationship between perception of resource inequality and allocation decisions made by children and adolescents. Method: A systematic search will be conducted in the PsycINFO, PsycArticles, Web of Science (Core Collections), Scopus, ERIC and LILACS databases. The paper will also include empirical studies from the authors’ personal files, studies obtained through contact with the main authors of the articles included, and through backward and forward snowballing. The studies’ quality will be assessed using the Quality Assessment with Diverse Studies (QuADS). Finally, a narrative synthesis will be conducted to review and synthesize data. This protocol was outlined following the PRISMA-P guidelines. The protocol is registered at the Open Science Framework (OSF) under the code DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/D96MY. The systematic review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, and will be reported according to the PRISMA 2020 reporting guidelines. Discussion: The results of this review will be relevant to policy makers, decision-makers, educators, and researchers.

Comparison Of Cloud Storage in The Field of Personal Data and Big Data

Background: With the development of information technology and the popularization of the Internet, a large amount of data has been generated and collected. These data typically have the characteristics of massive, diverse, and high-speed growth, and traditional data storage devices and technologies are no longer able to meet the storage and analysis needs of data. And people need more and more storage space to store personal files, photos, videos, and other data. Traditional personal computer hard drives have limited capacity and cannot meet the growing data demand. The emergence of cloud storage provides more flexible and efficient solutions for big data storage and analysis, as well as larger capacity and more convenient access methods, solving the challenges of personal storage and sharing. Method: Based on comparative analysis, explore the advantages and disadvantages of cloud storage in the fields of personal data storage and sharing, as well as big data storage and analysis. Result: Cloud storage has certain advantages and limitations in the fields of personal storage and sharing, as well as big data storage and analysis. Users need to consider these factors comprehensively based on their own needs and actual situation.

Prawnicy tylko dla Żydów. Konsulenci z okręgu Wyższego Sądu Krajowego w Katowicach

The article is devoted to the issue of consultants, an institution introduced in the Third Reich to represent Jews in legal matters. Some of the Jewish lawyers excluded from the German bar became consultants. The article presents the legal regulation, the reasons for its issuance and its effects. Based on the personal files of three consultants from the district of the Higher National Court in Katowice, the procedure of admitting them and the conditions of their activity were presented. On the basis of court files, the manner in which they conducted their work in criminal cases was analyzed and assessed.
 A significant amount of anti-Jewish legislation was passed in Germany after Hitler seized power. Some of the newly introduced regulation also targetted lawyers of Jewish origin, whose professional activities were hindered, and eventually banned. In 1938 Jews were definitively removed from the German bar. At the same time, it was ensured that Jews would be provided with legal assistance and represented by consultants, i.e. lawyers of Jewish origin. There were clearly fewer consultants than Jewish lawyers (several in the districts in which individual higher national courts operated). Their admission was discretionary. According to sparse findings in the literature, consultants were treated adequately by the German courts and were not hindered in their access to court files, contact with clients or the possibility of submitting lawsuits. Three examined cases of consultants from the district of the Higher National Court in Katowice indicate that they enjoyed similar freedoms while performing their functions in the courts, as described in the literature. In their daily activities, however, they had to struggle with difficulties of an administrative or factual nature, which were a manifestation of discrimination and bans against Jews. Based on these three cases, it could be concluded that they were admitted to consular activity due to positive opinions among the population, the judiciary and the Gestapo, as well as their patriotic attitude during the First World War and during the Silesian Uprisings. Their exemplary professional conduct, war decorations, and even injuries sustained on the front of the Great War did not prevent the consultants from sharing the tragic fate of European Jews.

Walka klas na pół etatu. Obrzeża polskiego międzywojennego ruchu komunistycznego

Part-time class struggle. The fringes of the Polish inter-war communist movement This article is to examine some obscure forms of involvement in the Polish inter-war communist movement: the Communist Party of Poland and its subordinate organisations. The author focuses on the fringes of the movement, a borderland between a revolutionary, subversive organisation and the “outside world”. There is a particular emphasis on the perspective of men and women operating in this borderland. The protagonists of the paper are communism “sympathisers” — those who did not belong to the organisation, but identified with its ideas and provided support to it, as well as members of the organisation whose ties to the movement, however, were loose or who gradually moved away from active involvement. In contrast to the dominant depictions focused on public figures, intellectuals, and artists, the author deals with “ordinary” plebeians or white-collar workers. The article provides answers to some important questions about belonging to the communist formation, but also about involvement in the political sphere in general. It reveals tensions between the ideological self-identification of individuals and its recognition by the reference group, as well as the patterns and limits of personal agency in a clandestine political movement. In addition, the author considers the role of both ideological factors as well as “biographical accessibility” (determinants such as health or family conditionings) in individuals’ definition of their role in the political sphere. The source material for the article primarly consists of ego- documents from archival personal files, allowing for a reflection on strategies of favourable self-presentation and mechanisms of party self-criticism.

The effects of higher versus lower protein delivery in critically ill patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with trial sequential analysis

BackgroundA recent large multicentre trial found no difference in clinical outcomes but identified a possibility of increased mortality rates in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) receiving higher protein. These alarming findings highlighted the urgent need to conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to inform clinical practice.MethodsFrom personal files, citation searching, and three databases searched up to 29-5-2023, we included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adult critically ill patients that compared higher vs lower protein delivery with similar energy delivery between groups and reported clinical and/or patient-centred outcomes. We conducted random-effect meta-analyses and subsequently trial sequential analyses (TSA) to control for type-1 and type-2 errors. The main subgroup analysis investigated studies with and without combined early physical rehabilitation intervention. A subgroup analysis of AKI vs no/not known AKI was also conducted.ResultsTwenty-three RCTs (n = 3303) with protein delivery of 1.49 ± 0.48 vs 0.92 ± 0.30 g/kg/d were included. Higher protein delivery was not associated with overall mortality (risk ratio [RR]: 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88–1.11; I2 = 0%; 21 studies; low certainty) and other clinical outcomes. In 2 small studies, higher protein combined with early physical rehabilitation showed a trend towards improved self-reported quality-of-life physical function measurements at day-90 (standardized mean difference 0.40, 95% CI − 0.04 to 0.84; I2 = 30%). In the AKI subgroup, higher protein delivery significantly increased mortality (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.11–1.82; I2 = 0%; 3 studies; confirmed by TSA with high certainty, and the number needed to harm is 7). Higher protein delivery also significantly increased serum urea (mean difference 2.31 mmol/L, 95% CI 1.64–2.97; I2 = 0%; 7 studies).ConclusionHigher, compared with lower protein delivery, does not appear to affect clinical outcomes in general critically ill patients but may increase mortality rates in patients with AKI. Further investigation of the combined early physical rehabilitation intervention in non-AKI patients is warranted.Prospero IDCRD42023441059.

Analysis of Rehabilitation and Treatment Strategies for Violent Offenders in Light of Criminal Psychology Doctrines

The purpose of this study was to analyze rehabilitation and treatment strategies for violent offenders in light of criminal psychology doctrines. The present research is qualitative, based on a descriptive-analytical approach. The method for gathering information and data in this study is library-based. The tool used under such a method is note-taking. This study initially describes and introduces the major and key concepts of the discussion to avoid redefining them during the primary analysis. This section details two main themes of the discussion: mental illnesses and violent crimes, along with their respective details and attachments. The next section aims to address the role of mental illness from a legal perspective, along with legislative, preventive, punitive, and other aspects of violent crimes within the framework of law and punishment. According to Article 203 of the Criminal Procedure Code, “In crimes punishable by death, amputation, life imprisonment, or fourth-degree or higher discretionary punishments, as well as in intentional crimes against physical integrity, for which the compensation (diyah) amounts to one-third of the full diyah or more, the investigating judge is obliged to issue an order to establish a personal file for the accused with the social services unit during the investigation process.” This personal file, separate from the criminal file, includes: (a) a social worker’s report on the financial, family, and social situation of the accused, and (b) a medical and psychiatric report. Additionally, under Paragraph (c) of Article 279 of this code, a summary of the personal file or the mental status of the accused is one of the elements to be mentioned in the indictment. The legislator implicitly addressed the issue of creating a personal file in several articles of the Islamic Penal Code, including Article 18, which states: “Discretionary punishment is a penalty that does not fall under the categories of hudud, qisas, or diyah and is determined and implemented by law in cases of the commission of religiously prohibited acts or violations of governmental regulations. The type, amount, method of execution, and regulations concerning mitigation, suspension, termination, and other discretionary rulings are determined by law.”

КИТАЙСКИЙ ДИРИЖЕР ЦАО ПЭН: ГОДЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ В МОСКОВСКОЙ КОНСЕРВАТОРИИ (по архивным материалам)

This article examines the period of study of the outstanding Chinese conductor Cao Peng at the Moscow Conservatory. The documentary base allows to introduce into scientific use new material unknown to date in both Chinese and Russian musicology. The archival sources of educational institutions are attributed as universal resources of authentic materials important both for historical context and for assessing the stages of professional development of undergraduate and postgraduate music students. As universal keepers of history, archives are of exceptional value, surpassing the value of other sources. The article analyses a set of documents from Cao Peng’s personal file, including autobiographical information. By the time he entered the Moscow Conservatory, Cao Peng already had considerable experience as a conductor in leading Chinese creative collectives, which gave him an advantage over other Chinese applicants for admission to the Conservatory. The analysis of documents from Cao Peng’s personal file made it possible to gradually reconstruct the course of the conductor-symphonist’s studies in his homeland and at the Moscow Conservatory in the class of Professor L. Ginzburg.

Жизненный путь профессора Евгения Александровича Энгеля по архивным документам и материалам личного дела. 1878-1942 гг.

The life path of Professor E. A. Engel’ is connected with the history of a number of educational institutions in St. Petersburg. Despite the fact that Evgenii Aleksandrovich was a well-known scientist and socio-political figure of the first quarter of the XX century, no full-fledged biography of him has been written. However, some information has been preserved in different sources. This is the reason for the purpose and objectives of this study: on the basis of archival documents, first introduced into the scientific circulation, to detail the biography of a well-known in Petrograd major scientist, social activist and talented teacher, who made a significant contribution to the development of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the Leningrad University and the Faculty of Economics and Politics of the Leningrad Agricultural Institute. The article is based on a thorough search work. The materials of his personal file kept at the St. Petersburg State Agrarian University and documents from the archival funds of the central archival repositories of St. Petersburg were involved. The study used biographical and prosopographical methods to trace the fate of an individual through his or her career practices. The biographical method has been ignored by academic science for some time because of its seemingly low representativeness. But the personification of history allows us to see the person behind socio-political and economic events, to analyze the influence of external factors on his life. The prosopographical method allowed us to trace the typical features of career development for its time. Engel’ did not occupy any leading positions before the revolution, but he repeated the fate of many nominees of the young republic, when the "correct" social origin and party affiliation compensated for the lack of administrative experience. He joined the RSDLP as early as 1902 and after the Second Congress supported the Bolsheviks; thanks to his active work in the party, he acquired useful acquaintances. Like many of his contemporaries, after the October Revolution of 1917 Evgenii Aleksandrovich combined many responsible positions, being, for example, at one time dean of different faculties in two higher educational institutions. His personal file is cut off at the very peak of his active work. It is difficult to say how his life path went in the 1930s and when he completed it: the fate of E. A. Engel’ dissolved in the abyss of events that swept Russia. A. Engel's fate dissolved in the abyss of events that swept Russia. The reconstructed biography of the famous scientist, Professor E. A. Engel’, whose life was connected with a number of higher educational institutions of Leningrad, can become a good source of commemorative practices and strengthen the sense of unity of corporate community through the representation of past events.

Complementarity of odontology and anthropology in the identification of unknown bodies

The press regularly echoes disturbing disappearances of children and adults, suicides, victims of accidents, homeless, the often fortuitous discovery of bodies or human remains. The identification process of the person will be comparative when there is a presumption of identity and estimative in case of absence of presumed identity. In 2011, a retrospective study over 6 years at the Poincaré Hospital IML (Medico Legal Institute) in Garches states the surprising figure of over 1500 burials underX per year in France. This situation is the result of a series of dysfunctions. After having identified the causes, the identification in odontology and anthropology could contribute to solve this problem by adopting the following resolutions. Firstly, the creation of a single file for disappearances, grouping together the Ante-Mortem (AM) medical and odontological data files of persons reported missing, as well as the Post-Mortem (PM) odontological and anthropological data files collected on bodies under X during thanatological operations within the Medico Legal Institute. Secondly, the systematic collection of odontological evidence PM as well as an exhaustive anthropological analysis for any body under X without presumed identity, before burial.

Социальный портрет фронтовиков Первой мировой войны: информационные возможности

Introduction. Soviet historiography has traditionally seen the front-line soldiers as supporters of the Bolshevik Party, active participants in the establishment of Soviet power in the localities. This approach was convincingly supported by evidence from the memoirs of participants in the events. There are almost no special memories of the World War - participation in it was not a matter of pride; mainly about staying at the front was reported in connection with subsequent revolutionary events. Modern historiography considers front-line soldiers more variably, but essentially uses the same source base. Since millions have returned from the front, and thousands have left memoirs, the conclusions drawn from these sources are quite vulnerable, especially if researchers insist on their universality. Many judgments are about the unwillingness of soldiers to fight, the desire to get land at home, etc. - made not on the basis of source facts, but logical reasoning. Materials and methods. This article attempts to analyze the sources of personal origin of the frontline soldiers of one region - the Orenburg province. A complete collection of memoirs, autobiographies, etc., is reflected in the catalog published in 2021 and includes materials from the archives of the Orenburg region (state archives, museum archives) and archives of adjacent territories (Samara, Ufa, Chelyabinsk) - a total of 167 authors, as well as autobiographies from the personal files of the personnel department of the Orenburg Regional Committee of the CPSU - 240 texts. In total, these documents can be considered as a natural sample, which made it possible to create a social portrait of front-line soldiers in the southeast of the European part of the country with fixation of variants of certain aspects. The data obtained in some cases do not agree with the generally accepted judgments of the all-Russian scale. Results. The process of returning from the fronts dragged on until 1919. The thesis accepted in historiography that the peasant soldiers were in a hurry to get home in order to have time to receive land under the decree on land, does not find any support in the sources. The thesis about the mass revolutionary moods of the front-line soldiers and their readiness and desire to fight for the new government does not find support either. The vast majority of those who returned from the war sought to arrange a normal peaceful life. Those who could not find work immediately left for the Red Guard (and later the Red Army) as volunteers - service in the Red Guard was an alternative source of livelihood. Conclusion. A significant number of peasants got back to farming on land, and were drawn into the confrontation of the civil war only through the mobilization of 1919.

ИЗ ИСТОРИИ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ПЕРВЫХ КИТАЙСКИХ ВИОЛОНЧЕЛИСТОВ В МОСКОВСКОЙ КОНСЕРВАТОРИИ (по архивным материалам)

This article studies the personal files of Chinese cellists who got their professional education at the Moscow Conservatory in the mid-1950s – early 1960s. The main objectives of the article: to reveal the unknown pages of the first Chinese cellists’ training at this educational institution; to show the importance of the Russian music education system for their future musical career; to introduce into scientific circulation the data relating to the subject under study from archival sources. Archival materials testify that outstanding cello teachers M. Rostropovich and T. Kozolupova worked with Chinese youth studying at the Moscow Conservatory. Out of the twenty-eight students, there were four cellists studying at the same time — a rare occurrence, but indicating a special demand for this specialty among the Chinese to master a universal string instrument: solo, ensemble, orchestral. As an illustrative example, the article examines in detail the personal case of Situ Zhiwen. The results of the study lead to a number of conclusions, the main of which is to prove the need to continue the study of archival materials devoted to the training of Chinese music students in the conservatories of the Soviet Union in order to reconstruct their creative path, as well as the formation of music and performing schools in China.

Вице-губернатор в системе управленческой элиты степных областей ЗападноСибирского и Степного генерал-губернаторств во второй половине XIX–начале XX века

The article analyzes the position of Vice-governor in the system of administrative elite of Akmola, Semipalatinsk and Semirechensk regions of the Russian Empire. Using the normative-legal base of local institutions of these regions, the «formal» position of officials in this position in the general structure of administrative power is characterized. Management in steppe regions is characterized by remoteness of territories from the center of decision-making, high share of nomadic population, marginal position. In this regard, the peculiarities of the position of Vice-governors in the steppe regions and in the interior of Russia are revealed. One of the important features of the service of these officials is the combination of military and civil power in the steppe regions and the lack of a clear division of responsibilities between the elements of the administrative elite. For the socio-cultural characterization of the composition of the Vice-governor corps we used the form lists and personal files of officials kept in the archives: the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region, the Russian State Historical Archive and the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan. These data are published for the first time. The article concludes with a socio-cultural portrait of a typical Vice-governor of a steppe region, an analysis of the typical career trajectories of the official and a comparison of the scope of authority with similar officials from internal Russian provinces.

«О поле, поле! Кто тебя усеял мертвыми костями?!». Из воспоминаний защитника Сталинграда политрука П. В. Ткаченко. Август 1942 г.

In the personal fund R-2808 "Boris Sergeevich Abalikhin - Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor" of the State Archive of the Volgograd Region (SAVR) the authors identified a personal letter from the academic secretary of the regional center of the Saratov State Pedagogical Institute, Associate Professor Pyotr Vasilievich Tkachenko to the rector of the Volgograd State Pedagogical University V. I. Danilchuk and Academician B. S. Abalikhin. S. Abalikhin, dated by postmark November 18, 1993. On the envelope on the diagonal large "V. I. personally” was diagonally written. It was received in Volgograd on November 21, 1993. The letter bears the rector's visa - "to Vice-Rector N. K. Sergeev, to Academician B. S. Abalikhin.” Most likely, the letter was written after the regional meeting on vocational guidance work, at which V. I. Danilchuk spoke. The meeting with his colleague from Volgograd revitalized P. V. Tkachenko's Stalingrad memories associated with the Great Patriotic War. In his letter, the events of the Battle of Stalingrad and the battles for Orlovka come to life in his memory. Biographical information is drawn from the personal file of Associate Professor P. V. Tkachenko, kept in the archive of the N. G. Chernyshevsky Saratov National Research State University. It contains an autobiography, personal record sheet, certificate of school department of Krasnokutsk Pedagogical College, diploma of Saratov State Pedagogical Institute, diploma of candidate of sciences and certificate of associate professor, characteristics, list of scientific works, award list, certificates, statements, decision of the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR on awarding, excerpt from the order on declaring gratitude to the participants of the Battle of Stalingrad. The Book of Memory of the Saratov region contains information about the military service of P. V. Tkachenko. In 2023 Volgograd and the whole country celebrated a significant event, a landmark for the historic victory in the Great Patriotic War - the 80th anniversary of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad. In the state plan of celebration, approved by the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin, special attention was paid to the activities associated with the personification of the great feats of the heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad. It seems that the introduction of this letter into scientific circulation will complete the picture of the Battle of Stalingrad through the prism of the memories of 79-year-old political officer of the 7th company of the 724th rifle regiment of the 315th Siberian rifle division Pyotr Vasilievich Tkachenko. The letter is autograph, has a handwritten form and is written on yellowed paper. The date of writing is missing.

Функции советского персонального пенсионного обеспечения в довоенный период (1923-1941 гг.)

Introduction. Pension provision is multifunctional. Currently, scientists are actively exploring the functionality of pension provision, however, the original functions of the Soviet personal pension provision remained outside the field of their interests. Purpose. The author aims to determine the specific (original) functions characteristic of personal pension provision in the pre-war period (1923-1941) being based on the analysis of legislative acts regulating the establishment of personal pension provision and personal files of personal pensioners of republican significance. Methodology. In his research, the author was guided by the principles of consistency, historicism and scientific objectivity, as well as the method of interpretation of legal norms and the technical and legal method. Results. In addition to the functions common to all types of pension provision, five specific functions of personal pensions have been identified: granting immunity from national legislative restrictions; reimbursement of royalties to the heirs of outstanding figures of culture and art; partial compensation to descendants and relatives of the value of valuables transferred by them to the state (archives, collections, personal belongings) and real estate (houses, apartments, estates) previously owned by prominent figures of culture, science, art and the revolutionary movement; payment provided to specialists for exclusive skills, knowledge transferred to the state or for services rendered; solutions to complex issues pension provision within the pension system. Conclusion. The original functions of personal pension provision allowed the Soviet state to solve numerous tasks related to the organization of museums of Russian classics, attracting highly qualified specialists to its side, providing material support to honored citizens who formally have no rights to pensions for professional activities.

М.А. Длугач – забытый «генерал промышленности»

Moses Abramovich Dlugach is one of those wartime leaders who are called Generals of Industry: a metallurgical engineer, director of the largest machine-building enterprises, and a highranking party organizer. Despite the bright mark left by M.A. Dlugach in Leningrad (1940-42) and the Urals (1943), the available information about his career is very fragmentary, and some data are false. The purpose of the publication is to reconstruct the life and work path of the honored industry figure, evaluate his contribution to the cause of Victory, and show the features of the USSR industry management in the 1940s using the work of M.A. Dlugach as an example.. The publication is based on materials from the Central State Archive of Historical and Political Documents of St. Petersburg: personal files of leaders, memos on the organization of production and evacuation from Leningrad, and transcripts of speeches. For five years M.A. Dlugach worked his way up from a foundry technician to the sectoral secretary of the Leningrad City Communist Party Committee. With the outbreak of the war, a significant share of responsibility for organizing the production of new types of weapons fell on his shoulders. After the evacuation of the tank and artillery production of the Kirov Plant, carried out under his leadership, M.A. Dlugach headed the remaining dispersed in the city workshops of the enterprise, being the Kirov Plant Director from the end of 1941 to the beginning of 1943. In 1943, he headed the Chelyabinsk Kirov Plant for about six months, and was later transferred to Chirchik. As the Director of the Chirchik plant Sredazkhimmash, he took part in the implementation of the Nuclear Project. Upon returning to Leningrad in 1948, he no longer held high positions, returning to the profession of a metallurgical engineer. At the peak of his career, M.A. Dlugach invariably found himself in the most important areas of work - he was responsible for the Leningrad mechanical engineering, for the production of tanks in the Urals and of heavy water for nuclear reactors. Contribution of M.A. Dlugach to maintaining the defense capability of the USSR should not be forgotten.