Personality Dispositions Research Articles

Non-Wood Forest Products’ Marketing: Applying a S.A.V.E. Approach for Establishing Their Marketing Mix in Greek Local Mountain Communities

The contribution of non-wood forest products is especially important in the context of rural sustainable development. Nevertheless, their perceived economic and environmental value remains low. The lack of an explicit and effective marketing strategy for NWFPs tailored to local mountain communities’ needs may lead to their restricted access to the market and underestimation of their value. The aim of this paper is to gain knowledge regarding the components of a marketing mix that could support the local markets of NWFPs, in Greek mountainous areas. The paper presents an analysis of the marketing mix for NWFPs, following for the first time the S.A.V.E. approach. The research contributes to the existing literature as we seek to “meet” groups of NWFPs’ consumers, in order to develop a customer-centric value proposition in Greek local mountain communities. The findings indicate that the marketing and promotion of NWFPs requires not only knowledge of the relative products and the market, it requires analysis and knowledge of the specific needs of local mountain communities and the ways that needs are met by the attributes and characteristics of the NWFPs as part of the solution that they can offer. Local mountain communities in Greece, through the exploitation of NWFPs, are trying to face challenges regarding the improvement of their income and their general wellbeing level. Also, we propose as a part of the marketing mix for NWFPs, their promotion as products with a distinct spatial, local identity, by associating them with local “culture economies”. Finally, we argue that a customer-centric marketing mix of NWFPs, which focuses on customers’ needs, desires, and resources as the starting point of the planning process, involves a higher level of mixing and synergies creation along the whole value chain, than simple personalization, with customers to interact with suppliers using ICT and by personal time disposition connected to nature.

Blunted startle reactivity in everyday sadism and psychopathy

Two studies examined the amplitude of the startle response as a function of the Dark Tetrad of personality (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism). We measured electromyographic activity of the orbicularis oculi muscle evoked by a startle stimulus while participants viewed images on a computer screen. Both studies revealed a negative correlation between general startle reactivity (averaged across positive, negative, and neutral images) and sadistic tendencies. In Study 2, all four dark traits were negative correlates of general startle reactivity. Study 2 also examined the personality correlates of aversive startle potentiation (ASP; indexed by greater reactivity while viewing negatively-valenced images than positive or neutral images). ASP correlated negatively with a variety of personality measures of psychopathy and sadism, their facets, and related personality tendencies (callousness, risk-taking, and restricted affect). These findings suggest that ordinary people with high levels of callousness and antagonism display physiological evidence of non-reactivity (i.e., blunted acoustic startle in general), whereas psychopathy and sadism are preferentially associated with reduced ASP.

Differentiating passive from active risk taking: the role of self‐control and time perspective

AbstractPassive risks are risks brought on, or magnified, by inaction (e.g., not getting vaccinated). They differ from active risks, which are incurred by actions people take, that put them at risk (such as smoking). Although (active) risk taking has been extensively studied, much less is known about passive risk taking and the personal tendencies associated with such behavior. We propose two individual traits—self‐control (SC) and time perspective—that affect the inclination to take passive and active risks, albeit in distinct ways, contributing to the differentiation between the two types of risks. In four studies, we examine a model that suggests that a future time perspective mediates the association between SC and passive risk taking, while a present‐hedonistic time perspective mediates the association between SC and active risk taking. The findings, based on both self‐report questionnaires and actual behavior, support the model and its theoretical basis. Implications and future direction are discussed.

Insights into abusive workplace behavior.

Insights into abusive workplace behavior.

Does personal mastery lead to creativity for complex jobs: a moderated mediation model

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between personal mastery orientation and employee creativity through internalized extrinsic motivation (identified regulation) and intrinsic motivation while testing job complexity as a boundary condition.Design/methodology/approachThe authors tested this study model using a cross-sectional design with a sample of (N = 361). The study population was software developers from across different cities of Pakistan. Respondents were asked to rate themselves on creative behavior. Partial least square structural equation (PLS-SEM) and PROCESS macro were used for data analysis.FindingsThe results of the study confirm that personal mastery orientation positively affects employee creativity. Furthermore, both identified regulation and intrinsic motivation mediate the relationship between personal mastery and employee creativity. Job complexity was shown to moderate the direct relationship between personal mastery, identified regulation and intrinsic motivation such that for higher job complexity levels, the relationship between personal mastery and both types of motivation (identified and intrinsic) becomes stronger. The authors confirm that the indirect relationship between personal mastery and employee creativity through identified regulation was contingent upon job complexity level. In comparison, the indirect relationship between personal mastery and employee creativity through intrinsic motivation is not contingent upon the level of job complexity.Research limitations/implicationsThere are a few limitations to the authors' study. The current study is based on a cross-sectional design; therefore, this is of limited causal value. The authors suggest the studies examining similar relations to this study model use a longitudinal design. The incumbent of the job reports creative behavior; therefore, this is susceptible to common method bias (CMB). A peer-reported or supervisor-reported creative behavior should be used to eliminate the CMB in future studies.Practical implicationsThe authors' study provides valuable input in identifying the complex mechanism through which creative behavior is induced involving individual personality disposition, job attributes and various types of motivations. In this study, the authors tried to reveal the mechanism through which personal mastery orientation predicts creative behavior. In the authors' endeavor of testing the motivational paths through which personal mastery orientation predicts creative behavior, the authors confirmed the efficacy of autonomous-complex motivation based on the self-determination framework. The authors' findings add to the evidence of the importance of intrinsic motivation in inducing creative behavior and recommend that the researcher should not ignore intrinsic motivation when exploring the effectiveness of extrinsic motivation.Originality/valueThe study's findings strengthen the argument of the continuum-like structure of the motivation types under self-determination theory(SDT). The authors argued that intrinsic motivation is a relatively stable type of motivation when creative behavior is involved and is not contingent upon the job attributes. These findings add to the evidence that intrinsic motivation is stable compared to extrinsic motivation. Another important contribution of this study is that the authors identified a boundary condition for the internalized extrinsic motivation when serving as creativity predicting mechanism and ruled the presence of a conditional effect when intrinsic motivation is involved.

Contact with Nature in Social Deprivation during COVID-19: The Positive Impact on Anxiety.

The 2019 outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) had a devastating impact on millions of people worldwide. Following the constantly changing course of the pandemic, the Italian government massively restricted public and private life to prevent the further spread of the virus. Unfortunately, lockdown policies negatively impacted many people's mental and physical health. Numerous studies recognized an essential role of urban green areas in promoting human well-being. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of personal dispositions towards nature, measured using the connectedness to nature scale (CNS) and actual contact with green spaces (CwN) on human well-being (i.e., anxiety) and medicine intake during COVID-19 lockdowns. A total of 637 Italian residents answered a survey aimed at gathering information about the above variables. A series of path analyses were performed. The results showed that the CNS was positively associated with the CwN, and the latter, in turn, was negatively associated with anxiety. Finally, anxiety was positively related to medicine intake. In sum, these results identify the positive role of person-nature relationships for individual well-being during COVID-19 restrictions.

Politically engaged but unwilling to protest: analyzing the role of authoritarian orientations and internet use on protest participation behavior

ABSTRACT Several studies have investigated the effects of internet use on protest participation behavior. However, fewer have explored how personal dispositions of individuals moderate the impact of the internet. This study explores the relationship between political engagement, internet use, authoritarian orientation, and protest participation in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand, and Myanmar. First, analysis of fourth-wave of the Asian Barometer survey data suggests a political engagement-driven stratification in protest participation across all settings. Second, internet use is positively associated with protest participation but only in authoritarian states, and citizens’ authoritarian orientation reduces the likelihood of protest action. Third, high authoritarian orientation subdues the participatory benefits of internet use for politically engaged citizens. Overall, the study confirms that politically engaged citizens are more capable of exploiting the benefits offered by the internet. Still, authoritarianism can inhibit the mobilizing potentials presented by the internet. The theoretical importance of attitudinal factors in protest participation is discussed.

Феномен самозванца: обзор зарубежных исследований

<p style="text-align: justify;">This study entails the overview of international research of impostor phenomenon. Individuals with high impostor phenomenon are not able to internalize their professional success and are afraid to be found as frauds. It can be regarded as a clear obstacle for successful career development. Recently there has been a marked increase in the interest to impostor phenomenon studies. As a result, the number of research publication on imposter phenomenon has grown sharply. This article attempts to classify these publications into three distinct groups: studies of imposter phenomenon in working context, research of impostor phenomenon and other personality dispositions, psychometric studies of a range of impostor phenomenon scales and their adaptations into different languages. Possible approaches to conceptualization of this phenomenon are discussed in the article as well as significance of this phenomenon in Russia. Directions of possible future studies have been identified. Also important are the tasks to clarify the definition of the impostor phenomenon and its factor structure. We examine into the possibility of studying the impostor phenomenon on samples of working adults and the application of multivariate analysis methods in data processing. The necessity of scientific study of ways to overcome or reduce the severity of the impostor phenomenon is emphasized.</p>

Documenting the Document: The Forensic Hospital Report and Its Knowledge Moves

Drawing on case files from a Canadian provincial review board tasked with determining the disposition of persons found ‘not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder’, we explore the role of the forensic hospital report in the production of medico-legal risk knowledges. Through a detailed case study, we show how the report's content and particular material form allow the Board to produce the ‘significantly threatening individual’ – the very thing the Board (and report) are meant to presuppose. We therefore call on scholars to document their documents, and, in the spirit of actor-network theory (ANT), to analytically treat socio-legal objects as active participants in knowledge's creation. By accounting for the ‘knowledge moves’ the hospital report might allow, encourage, or prohibit human actors to make, we hope even ANT sceptics can use these tools to better understand various legal decision-making processes and their effects.

The anatomy of COVID-19-related conspiracy beliefs: Exploring their nomological network on a nationally representative sample.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic was followed by the widespread proliferation of conspiracy beliefs (CBs) regarding the origin and harmfulness of the virus and a high level of hesitancy to vaccinate. We aimed to test a series of hypotheses on the correlates of CBs and vaccination, including socio-demographic factors, personality dispositions, somatic health, stressful experiences during pandemics, and psychological distress. The sample (N = 1203), was based on a multistage probabilistic household sampling representative of the general population. The subjects were randomly split into two approximately equal subgroups, enabling cross-validation. Based on the findings in the exploratory, the SEM model was tested in the confirmatory subsample. The correlates of CBs were Disintegration (proneness to psychotic-like experiences), low Openness, lower education, Extraversion, living in a smaller settlement and being employed. The correlates of vaccination were older age, CBs and larger places of living. Evidence on the role of stressful experiences and psychological distress in CBs/vaccination was not found. The findings of moderately strong and robust (cross-validated) paths, leading from Disintegration to CBs and from CBs to vaccination were the most important ones. Conspiratorial thinking tendencies-related to health-related behaviour such as vaccination-appear to be, to a considerable extent, manifestations of the mechanisms that are part of our stable, broad, trait-like thinking/emotional/motivational/behavioural tendencies, primarily proneness to psychotic-like experiences & behaviours.

South Korea’s Fertility Puzzle: A Mismatch Between Sustained Childbearing Desires and Declining Fertility

Although marriage and fertility rates in South Korea have been declining for decades, many perceive having two or more children as the ideal. To understand the mismatch between childbearing desires and realities, this study describes the interrelatedness and incongruity of Korean women’s attitudes toward marriage, childbearing and gender roles by viewing attitudes as a multidimensional construct. Using data from the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families, latent transition analysis was conducted to identify classes of women with similar attitudinal response patterns and develop a typology of their personal dispositions toward family life. Three attitudinal classes emerged from the analysis: Traditional Familism, Transitional Ambivalence and Contemporary Individualism. The first class includes those with traditional attitudes to family formation and gender roles, while the latter two classes indicate a more positive orientation toward parenthood than marriage. This finding is particularly important in a context where having a child outside of marriage is rare and stigmatized, and suggests that low fertility may be potentially related to divergences in marriage and childbearing attitudes. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of jointly considering attitudes across various family-related domains to better capture the complex attitudinal dynamics associated with women’s perceptions of family life.

Career decision determinant of professional achievement

A successful society, built on knowledge and the forming of new attitudes and skills, needs wide access to edu-cational and learning opportunities to face the social changes of the 21st century. Individual human potential has the capacity to adapt to new technologies and business needs, and is essential for a competitive and dynamic economy, taking into account personal educational background. These aspects must take account of scientific and technological progress, which places new requirements and quality training in front of everyone. The choice of training areas is often strongly shaped by social and parental influences. These influences are due to parental status, intra-familial emotional ties or inter-school relationships, which become important factors and deter-mine their resonance and impact on career choice. The latter try to influence the beneficiary’s career decision, often based on arguments founded on lived experiences. In this way, the conscious career decision comes with the maturity of the beneficiary, which reflects personal disposition to make the right decisions in reference to vocational training

DWELLING IN SHELTER HOMES: PERSONALITY DISPOSITIONS, COPING MECHANISMS, AND DEPRESSION

Residing in shelter homes has become a safety option for runaway women. The primary objective was to understand the females’ personality dispositions, coping mechanisms, and depression. A purposive sample of 90 female residents of shelter homes from 5 different cities, namely Lahore, Sheikhupura, Nankana Sahib, Rawalpindi, and Faisalabad, was recruited. The females aged between 17 to 80 years, with an average age 28.23. A correlation survey method was used with Urdu-translated versions of assessment measures. Spearman’s correlation and Multiple Linear Regression were used for data analysis. Findings showed that women experiencing low self-esteem reported high depression. Most depressed females were less likely to use a problem-focused coping mechanism. Even though almost all the male perpetrators were educated and employed, it did not reduce the incidence of abuse inflicted on the females. Results can be used to assess the mental well-being of these females and improve their living conditions.

EGO CONTOURS: THE IDEAL SELF WITHIN SELF-CONCEPT STRUCTURE OF SUICIDE-PRONE INDIVIDUALS

The article analyses the phenomenon of the Ideal Self within the Self-Concept structure, its impact on the functioning of consciousness and the development of suicidal motivation among individuals who are likely to engage in suicidal behavior. Two alternative theories of suicidal motivation are used to analyze possible modifications to a self-concept (Loss Theory versus Escape Theory). The subject and potential prerequisites for the emergence of cognitive deconstruction as a condition preceding a suicidal act were discussed. The functioning of consciousness in individuals who are prone to suicidal behavior is examined. It has been hypothesized that the type of suicidal motivation is potentially linked to the following parameters: cognitive style (field-dependence / field-independence), personal dispositions, existential attitude and structural specificity of the self-concept of one’s with the existing suicidal patterns. It has been suggested that the level of Ideal-Self representation within the structure of the self-concept allows to attribute the modification of the latter to one of two types: complication or simplification. The Ideal Self seems to set "The Ego’s Contours". An assessment of the level of representation of the self-ideal within the self-concept is an alternative to assessing only the level of self-esteem of suicidals (which is demonstrated by most studies of suicidality). The level of Ideal-Self representation provides a better understanding of the suicidal self-conceptualization when compared to self-esteem level. By analyzing theories of suicidal motivation, it is possible to categorize most suicidal cases into 2 broad motivational groups based on self-concept modification criteria (simplification or complication). The type of self concept modification to be assessed during a clinical interview. A questionnaire would be compiled if the suggested model proved justifiable. Further research may include a study of suicidal consciousness and its features. Based on discussed theories (Loss versus Escape) 2 alternative strategies of psychotherapeutic intervention will be suggested, if the model testing is successful.

Professional Identity Construction in Becoming an NNEST

This study investigated the professional identity construction of NNESTs (Non-native English-speaking teachers) in Taiwan. The research paradigm was rooted in poststructuralism, which emphasizes subjectivity and exhibits the multiple, unstable, and non-linear properties of identity inquiry. Participants comprised two male and two female in-service English teachers from public and private senior high schools, whose teaching experience ranged from 10 to 15 years. The findings were as follows: in constructing their professional identity, NNESTs resorted to the integration of multiple selves, interpretation and reinterpretation, social negotiation, and agency operation. Moreover, various factors were found to influence the development of NNESTs’ professional identity. The internal factors were personal belief, prior experience, emotion and disposition, teaching efficacy, instrumental goal, non-native status, and motivation, whereas the external factors were student attitude, professional community, subject attributes, educational policies, and perceived expectation. The study not only illuminates NNESTs’ professional identity development but also contributes with theoretical and pedagogical implications.

DİNİ TUTUM ve KİŞİSEL GÖRELİ YOKSUNLUK ALGISININ MATERYALİST DAVRANIŞ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

This study focuses to the effect of religious attitude and personal relative deprivation to materialistic personality. The questionnaire form prepared for the study was distributed electronically and 401 people were reached. IBM SPSS program was used to test the hypotheses. According to the results of the correlation test, a significant relationship was found between religious attitude, personal relative deprivation, demographic factors and materialistic personality tendency. While there was a negative correlation between demographic factors and religious attitude and materialistic personality tendency at low level of effect, a significant positive correlation was found between personal relative deprivation and materialistic personality tendency. According to the results of multiple regression analysis, personal relative deprivation, age and gender are significant predictors of materialistic personality tendency, religious attitude is not. According to the results of the independent groups t-test for the gender category, the materialistic personality tendency of women is significantly higher than that of men.

Presenting the direct intercultural effectiveness simulation: an implicit trait policy on intercultural competence.

An implicit trait policy (ITP) represents the interaction between a personal disposition and general domain knowledge on how to effectively handle a specific (intercultural) situation. Such an ITP is a proven construct to create instruments that can predict future effective behavior. Moreover, such a simulation can provide valuable proxies for actual (future) behavior, as measures of (future) real life intercultural interactions are not always available. In a series of three studies (N1 = 224, N2 = 291, N3 = 478), the present research introduces a "Direct Intercultural Effectiveness Simulation" or DIES, an instrument that simulates intercultural effectiveness by directly tapping into an ITP on intercultural competence. First and foremost, the present research demonstrates that the DIES instrument generates reliable and construct-valid measures of intercultural effectiveness. Second, the DIES instrument also shows expected converging and diverging patterns when correlated with a nomological network on intercultural effectiveness. And third, the DIES measure is further validated by integration into an ITP framework of intercultural effectiveness based on theoretical and empirical accounts from literature. The DIES instrument generates a reliable and valid measure of intercultural effectiveness by tapping into an ITP on intercultural competence. Theoretically, the present research integrates the instrument into literature by empirically verifying an ITP framework of intercultural effectiveness. In practice, the DIES instrument can be used as an awareness or training proxy for actual behavior to tackle important problems like ethnic prejudice and discrimination.

Risk Propensity as a Personality Antecedent of Emigration Attitudes Among Bulgarian Millennials and Zoomers

Abstract: This paper examines the predictive power of risk propensity as a personality tendency over emigration attitudes among young Bulgarians regarding their generational belonging and differences. Although the correlation between risk propensity and migration attitudes has been studied in some countries, to date, it has neither been examined in Bulgaria – an Eastern European economy in transition – nor scrutinized in the light of generational differences. As part of a national survey ( N = 1,200) carried out in September-October 2021, young Bulgarians aged 18–35 years – Zoomers ( N = 444) and Millennials ( N = 756), we measured risk propensity both as a general tendency and as individual responses to different risk domains, using a revision of Jackson’s Risk-Taking Scale (1994) . We studied the emigration attitudes using an original 5-item Attitudes Toward Emigration Scale. The findings suggest that risk propensity, mostly in the social risk domain, is a powerful predictor of emigration attitudes among young Bulgarians, even more powerful for Millennials than Zoomers. The higher risk propensity is associated with more positive attitudes toward emigration. The findings have important interdisciplinary implications for psychological theory and demographic policy.

Affects and assemblages of (un)safety among female bus commuters in Dhaka

By examining the lived experiences of 30 female bus commuters in Dhaka using in-depth qualitative approaches, this paper argues for an enhanced understanding of socio-cognitive undercurrents of gendered mobilities. By privileging a feminist-affective lens, and tracing the emotionally and politically charged everyday negotiations of space, power struggles, (dis) comfort, and encounters between gendered bodies, the paper contends that women’s agency to act and respond to harassment in public transport is contingent on multi-scalar assemblages comprising socio-technical infrastructures, lifestyles, cultural histories, personal dispositions and situated knowledge. Moreover, by applying assemblage thinking and affect theories in transport spaces, the study links discussions on gender, violence and mobility beyond the common economic tropes as is common in transport studies of the Global South.

Need for emotional closure scale: Testing for measurement invariance in Turkish and English versions

Emotional closure is a feeling of subjective completeness of a past event evoking feelings of closure as opposed to openness. People might differ in need for emotional closure over past open experiences. In the current two studies, we aimed to create a valid scale to measure this need as a personality tendency. We asked participants (N = 265, N = 207, respectively) to fill out the constructed need for emotional closure scale in Turkish (Study-1) and in English (Study-2). Additionally, participants filled out the intolerance to uncertainty, ruminative responses, and need for cognitive closure scales in random order. We conducted a series of exploratory factor analyses in the Turkish version, which revealed four factors: Emotional disturbance, interpersonal discussions, bother, and regret. In Study-2, multi-group confirmatory factor analysis of the English adaptation showed an adequate fit. A measurement-invariant English version was created with high internal reliability and convergent validity. We discuss these findings concerning the importance of this tendency, why it can be a helpful measurement, and possible implications for clinical psychology literature.