Personality Dispositions Research Articles

Paternal Acceptance as a Mediator of the Association Between Maternal Acceptance and Youth’s Personality Disposition

Paternal Acceptance as a Mediator of the Association Between Maternal Acceptance and Youth’s Personality Disposition

A Consequence of Social Entrepreneurial Intent: The Good Life

This study examines the relationship between personal dispositions, social entrepreneurial intent (SEI) and the good life in a sample of 2,000 college students in Los Angeles, Manila, Mexicali, Taipei and Yantai. Social cognitive career theory posits that a specific career choice—in this case, becoming a social entrepreneur—affects individuals’ experience of a good life, and SEI mediates the relationship between personal dispositions and the good life. This article presents and empirically tests a broad conceptualisation of the good life—going beyond happiness and satisfaction—to include subjective and psychological well-being, freedom to make life choices, quality of social relations and pathways to reach goals. Extending the previous research, the study finds that the personal dispositions of trust, optimism, generosity and healthy life expectancy were robust predictors of SEI and that SEI mediated the relationship between personal dispositions and the good life. Finally, cultural context mattered; long-term orientation, low masculinity and high indulgence partially moderated the disposition-to-SEI-to-good life relationship.

Exploring the influence of user characteristics on verbal aggression towards social chatbots

ABSTRACT Chatbots possess great potential benefits, yet concerns persist regarding users adopting inappropriate, offensive language. This research delved into the influence of user characteristics on verbally aggressive behaviours towards social chatbots. Employing a mixed-method study, we examined individual characteristics such as personal dispositions, offensive language patterns, academic majors, and prior experiences with conversational agents. Findings from a ten-day field experiment involving 33 participants using a real-world Telegram-based chatbot app unveiled that users' anthropomorphism, computer-related major, and gender significantly impact their moral emotions and evaluations of the chatbot's capabilities. Moreover, employing offensive language towards the chatbot detrimentally impacted users' perceptions of its abilities, helpfulness, and likability. The research findings advocate for ongoing monitoring and effective resolution of users' behaviours regarding the use of offensive language in their interactions with a chatbot. Additionally, the results underscore the importance of incorporating diverse perspectives into chatbot design to address biases and offensive utterances.

Striving to contribute to the greater good: Changes in self‐transcendent versus self‐enhancement career strivings during a global pandemic

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic, as a major crisis event, could have changed people's career goals. We examined change trajectories in self‐transcendent versus self‐enhancement career strivings during the COVID‐19 pandemic among 662 employees from Germany with eight measurement waves across 7 months. Building on event systems theory and the literature on prosocial motivation and altruism, we examined whether affective and cognitive self‐focused and other‐focused reactions to the pandemic (i.e., personal distress, empathic concern, and perceived responsibility) predicted differences in changes in career strivings. Analyses with growth curve mixture modelling suggest three distinct groups in terms of stable (N = 537), declining (N = 12), and increasing (N = 113) self‐transcendent versus self‐enhancement career strivings. Controlling various individual and contextual factors, membership in the increasing group was predicted by more empathic concern for people negatively affected by the COVID crisis. In addition, less dispositional self‐concern, more other‐concern, less job insecurity, experiencing job loss and less career impact of the pandemic predicted an increasing self‐transcendent versus self‐enhancement career strivings trajectory compared to other trajectories. The results imply that career strivings can change during major crisis events, predicted by empathic reactions to the effects of the crisis and personal dispositions and contextual factors.

Nurses’ self-regulation after engaging in end-of-life conversations with advanced cancer patients: a qualitative study

BackgroundSelf-regulation is crucial for nurses who engage in in-depth end-of-life conversations with advanced cancer patients, especially in cultural contexts featuring death taboos. An improved understanding of the self-regulation process of nurses can help them address negative emotions and promote self-growth more effectively. Therefore, this study aimed to explore nurses’ self-regulation process after end-of-life conversations with advanced cancer patients.MethodsThis study employed a descriptive, qualitative approach. Seventeen nurses from four hospitals and a hospice unit in mainland China were interviewed between September 2022 and June 2023. Data were collected through face-to-face semistructured interviews. A thematic analysis method was used to analyse the data following the guidance of regulatory focus theory.ResultsThree main themes were developed: self-regulation antecedents include personality, experience, and support; promotion or prevention is a possible self-regulation process for nurses; both self-exhaustion and self-growth may be the outcomes of self-regulation, as did seven subthemes. Personality tendencies, life experience, and perceived support may affect nurses’ self-regulation, thereby affecting their self-regulation outcomes.ConclusionsNurses exhibit different self-regulatory tendencies and self-regulation outcomes. The provision of peer support and counselling support to nurses is highly important with regard to achieving good self-regulation outcomes.

Who is likely to be ostracized? The easy target is the Dark Triad

AbstractDrawing on the target-behavior mechanism and victim precipitation theory, we investigated the effect of the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) on exposure to workplace ostracism. Through experimental and field studies, we found that individuals with high levels of Dark Triad traits were at high risk of being ostracized. Self-serving cognitions mediated the relationship between the Dark Triad traits and exposure to workplace ostracism, and collectivism orientation alleviated the relationship between self-serving cognitions and exposure to workplace ostracism. Our findings extend research on the impact of personality dispositions on workplace ostracism, providing implications for theory and practice.

Zadowolenie rodziców dzieci z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu ze specjalistycznego wsparcia dziecka i rodziny

Introduction: There is a significant increase in the number of children and adolescents diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The principle of collaboration with parents is one of the basic elements of comprehensive support provided to both children with ASD and their families. Research Aim: The aim of the research was a multi-faceted approach to the level of satisfaction of parents of children with ASD with the professional support and a search for personal traits and dispositions related to the level and various aspects of parents’ satisfaction with collaboration with specialists supporting their children and families. Method: The research was carried out in a group of 204 parents of children with ASD. The following measures were used: Family-Professional Partnership Scale (FPPS), Enabling Practices Scale (EPS), Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) – TIPI-PL; Psychological Entitlement Scale (PES), and Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6). Results: The obtained results show an above-average satisfaction of parents with the support they receive. Significant predictors of the satisfaction of surveyed parents with the specialist support were the following personal characteristics and dispositions: gratitude, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness. Conclusions: The results enable an initial assessment of satisfaction with formal support among parents of children with ASD. They also indicate selected personal dispositions related to a high level of satisfaction with the support received.

Male nurses' adaptation experiences after turnover to community institutions in Korea: A grounded theory methodology.

We aimed to develop a substantive theory according to the associations between adaptation experience-related factors identified in male nurses after turnover to community institutions. From April through August 2019, data were collected through direct observations and in-depth interviews of 22 male nurse participants who were recruited purposively and analyzed simultaneously with the method proposed by Strauss and Corbin. Furthermore, 29 subcategories were derived from 11 categories, including: (1) leaving the clinical sector and changing jobs, (2) shaking while settling, (3) characteristics of the new job, (4) personal disposition, (5) support system, (6) finding my place, (7) solidifying my place, (8) demonstrating my professional competence, (9) stable settlement in my place, (10) preparing for a better future, and (11) still confused. The core category was identified as "putting down roots in another place for myself." The verification of this theory in this study's results indicates a need for research into the evaluation and development of professional development programs and related policies to provide support to male nurses who are pursuing opportunities in community institutions to maintain their nursing identity and further their efforts for developing a nursing specialty.

Navigating intercultural friendships in English as a lingua franca contexts: Taiwanese exchange students in Europe

ABSTRACT This study investigates Asian exchange students’ friendship development in European countries where English functions as a lingua franca. It offers an in-depth analysis of the experiences of three Taiwanese university students who exhibited varying degrees of success in friendship formation during their study exchanges there: one was successful, another was not, and the third experienced moderate success. Data were collected through pre-, during-, and post-sojourn interviews, supplemented by online correspondence between interviews. Analyzing the data using Coleman’s concentric circles model of study abroad social networks and Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus and capital, this study delineates the differing trajectories of the students’ friendship development and identifies the factors contributing to these diverse outcomes. The findings underscore the importance of possessing personal dispositions that resonate with those of peers, and also effectively utilising linguistic and cultural resources, for fostering intercultural friendships. These insights have implications for educational institutions involved in sending and hosting exchange students.

ACCOUNTS OF ELEMENTARY TEACHERS ON THE USE OF PEDAGOGIES IN ADDRESSING LEARNING LOSS DURING THE IN-PERSON CLASSES: A PHENOMENOLOGY

The purpose of this phenomenological study is to describe the experiences of Elementary School Teachers in using pedagogies to address learning loss during in-person classes. The concept and idea for the study were gleaned from Shulmans (1986) Pedagogical Content Knowledge Theory, which proposes that effective teachers possess a specific knowledge set alongside certain personality qualities, abilities, and dispositions. This theory emphasizes that teaching well requires both artistry and scientific understanding. There are numerous practices, techniques, and abilities that contribute to effective instruction, and these cannot be fully captured in a limited list. The study is further supported by Vygotskys (1978) Cultural-Historical Activity Theory, which views the learning environment from a social constructivist perspective. This theory fundamentally explains how students acquire knowledge in a social context, interacting with peers and mentors. Additionally, Banduras (1977) Social Learning Theory is used as a supporting framework, which suggests that increased social interaction leads to higher levels of learning. Finally, the study is grounded in van Dijks (2020) Theory of the Digital Divide. There were five (5) public elementary school teachers participated in the in-depth interview. They were selected using purposive sampling method. The results revealed in the experiences, coping up mechanisms, and insights in using pedagogies and strategizing to address the learning loss of the students. More so, collaboration with parents, ineffectively usage of modular learning, problems in reading skills of the learners, structuring of rewards and punishment, and flexibility and consistency in teaching. The results are believed to be significant to teachers and Department of Education regarding on the experiences of public elementary school heads returning to being classroom teacher. KEYWORDS: experiences, public elementary school teachers, learning loss, phenomenology, Davao de Oro

A paradox theory lens on proactivity, individual ambidexterity, and creativity: An empirical look

SummaryParadox theory suggests that contradictory demands, like applying current work methods while exploring new ones, should be viewed as dualities with competing and complementary aspects. It advocates for employee ambidexterity, where employees must manage exploitation and exploration. We know little about how personal dispositions affect ambidexterity independently or when interacting with situational factors. Based on a time‐lagged survey of 364 employee–supervisor pairs from 74 R&D teams, we found that proactive disposition was positively related to ambidexterity, enhancing creativity. Guided by trait activation theory, we found further that paradoxical supervision and job autonomy enhanced the relationship between proactive disposition and employee ambidexterity and the indirect effect of proactive disposition on creativity via ambidexterity. We discuss these findings' theoretical and practical implications, extending the literature on proactivity, ambidexterity, and paradox theory.

The Role of Modernization of Information Technology in Forming the Character of the Young Hindu Generation

The development and improvement of the quality of human resources needs to be improved to keep pace with the flow of information technology modernization in the era of globalization. The phenomenon of behavior and personality tendencies of today's young generation is increasingly moving away from religious values, customs, and culture, and losing their identity as individuals which is rooted in the noble values of the nation's religion and culture. This research aims to determine the role of character education and self-leadership in forming the character of the young Hindu generation. The population in this study was the Hindu Easy Generation with a total research sample of 96 respondents. The sampling technique is probability sampling with a stratified random sampling method with proportional allocation to collect quantitative data. The research results show that character education has a positive and significant effect on the character formation of young Hindus. In the context of the formation of the character of young Hindus, self-leadership has a positive and significant effect. Thus, self-leadership plays an important role in forming the character of young Hindus who are strong and responsible while the modernization of information technology can have a positive, but not significant, effect on the formation of the character of young Hindus.

Personal dispositions explain differences in physical health benefits of nature exposure: the role of restorativeness and affect.

Urbanization processes are constantly increasing, and most of the European population currently live in urban areas. Nevertheless, evidence is consistent in highlighting the positive association between nature exposure and human wellbeing, although individual differences might affect this association. The present study aimed to investigate the association among nature connectedness, conceptualized as Love and Care for Nature, place identity, and physical wellbeing, via restorativeness and positive and negative affect. A total of 312 visitors of an urban green area (i.e., Milan's Parco Nord) participated in the study. They completed an anonymous questionnaire. Findings showed that nature connectedness and place identity positively affect physical wellbeing, via restorativeness and positive affect, but not through the negative ones. Results highlight the importance of the joint role of exposure to nature and individual differences in promoting wellbeing. This study offers implications for interventions aimed at enhancing individuals' health through exposure to nature. Limitations of the study and future research developments are discussed.

A systematic approach to learning and identifying personality tendencies of consumers for individualized fashion product development

To comprehensively understand the levels of demand and the mechanism underlying preference cognition among fashion consumers, this study aims to investigate behavioral and psychological variations across diverse groups engaged in fashion activities through the lens of personality traits, and establish recognition criteria for personality traits within the realm of fashion. In the initial phase, the connection between fashion behavior and personality traits was investigated, leading to the introduction of the concept of fashion personality. Then, after multiple rounds of experimental evaluation, the primary categories and associated traits of fashion personality were determined. Using this framework, a personality assessment scale tailored for the fashion industry was developed. Following user experiments, the scale’s feasibility and effectiveness were validated. Finally, as an important application scenario of the fashion personality scale, this paper established a correlation between fashion personality and clothing aesthetic preferences through actual cases. It introduced a new approach of extracting consumers’ aesthetic requirements from their personalities, consequently steering personalized clothing design. This study delves into the underlying mechanism that drives fashion preferences on a personality level. It offers theoretical insights and methodological directions for consumer psychology research in the fashion domain, as well as for clothing interaction design and marketing strategies tailored to consumer needs.

Исследование профессионально важных качеств руководителей в системе органов внутренних дел Российской Федерации

In the modern world, the effectiveness of the entire team and the organization as a whole largely depends on the professionalism, skill, experience, and personal psychological qualities of the leader. Today, the conditions of a rapidly changing world require a person to constantly improve himself, develop his individual qualities, increase his abilities and stress resistance. Leaders in the system of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as ATS) are no exception. The research methodology is presented by V.A. Rozanova “Assessing the effectiveness of a manager,” which allows diagnosing the effectiveness of managers, and A. Mehrabian’s questionnaire “Diagnostics of the resulting achievement motivation,” which made it possible to determine the stable personal dispositions of managers regarding the motivation to strive for success and avoid failure. 100 people who were heads of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as heads of internal affairs bodies) were interviewed. Based on the results of the study, it was revealed that the most effective in their activities are the heads of internal affairs bodies who are motivated to strive to achieve their goals and success in all types of their activities, and to self-improvement. Subjects of this type of work are confident in their abilities, responsible, prone to reasonable risks and adequate in their own claims. Heads of internal affairs bodies with average motivation indicators are not sufficiently stable in the desire to achieve success, are not prone to risk, and those with a pronounced motivation to avoid failures are extremely afraid of failure in their actions, do not value themselves in their own eyes and in the eyes of others, and are psychologically inclined to look for possible failures, afraid of responsibility and risk. The article proves the importance of professionally important qualities of managers in the ATS system.

Analisis Karakteristik dan Kepribadian Ideal Guru Bimbingan dan Konseling dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Bimbingan dan Konseling di Kota Palu

The research aims to determine the personality of the ideal guidance and counseling teacher according to students so students feel enthusiastic about receiving guidance and counseling services at school. The research method used by the author is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, namely by collecting data as it is from a symptom of a phenomenon that existed when the research was carried out. The data and data sources in this research are 300 State High School students in Palu City, using survey techniques. The research instrument used in this research was the ideal guidance and counseling teacher personality questionnaire. Data analysis techniques are carried out by collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data, which will be concluded as research results. This research concludes that the personality tendency of the ideal guidance and counseling teacher for high school students in Palu City is in the ideal category of (53.67%). The research found that of the 11 indicators considered to determine whether a guidance and counseling teacher is ideal, three indicators are the most chosen by students: warmth, patience, and honesty. The highest indicator of students' assessment of the guidance and counseling teacher's personality lies in the warm indicator, with an average value of 10.84.

Is it Ever Right to Lie? How Ethical Questions Bring us to Philosophy of Mind

AbstractMoral and ethical agreements require sufficiently shared values, or at least some common ground. We might think of this in terms of a shared ‘form of life’, ‘lebensform’, as Wittgenstein describes it in his Philosophical Investigations. Yet it is not clear what will be sufficient, nor how to bridge gaps when disagreement occurs, for instance on whether it is ever right to lie. Ethical and moral theories offer some guidance, but there is no guide for which theory one ought to follow. Whether you favour eudaimonist (flourishing, well-being), deontological (duty), or utilitarian (consequentialist) principles, the selection of a philosophy says much about who you are (preferences, judgements, beliefs) and your context (social, political, cultural). More than this it can indicate certain psychological and personal dispositions, whether defined as brain states, mental states, or personalities. In this article I outline some arguments for why ethics might need a philosophy of mind, and why this poses problems for ethical and moral theory building.

PISA Maths-Reading index and its relationship with gender and levels of performance

The Spanish PISA 2018 students sample (>35,900 fifteen-year-old students) has been analysed by calculating the Mathematics minus Reading scores of all individuals in the sample, relating this Maths-Reading index to the personal and educational characteristics of the respondents. Results of the first step of the analysis show that the positive Maths-Reading Index values (higher scores in maths than in reading) are mainly related to gender, and negative values (higher scores in reading) are mainly related to the joy of reading and to a series of factors linked to interest and respect for other cultures, among others. Subsequently, the individual level of global performance is taken into account with a cluster analysis generating groups of high, medium and low performers. Changes in factors affecting the Maths-Reading index when this level-based grouping is considered are analysed, showing the importance of grade repetition for low performers and the influence of socio-economic factors for medium performers, while high performers are affected especially by non-cognitive aspects such as self-concept or expected occupational status. Finally, combined effects of gender and level of performance are taken into account, showing that the factors affect male and female students differently for the disparate performance-based groups. This study contributes to a more precise knowledge of the main factors associated with students’ tendency to have better scores in mathematical items than in reading items or vice versa, and to distinguish the differential role of personal and environmental factors not only globally, but also when gender and performance levels are taken into account. Studying this personal tendency is significant as it is related to students’ study choice, especially Science-Technology-Engineering-Mathematics (STEM) degrees.

STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS ON POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY IN ENGLISH LEARNING AT THANH DONG UNIVERSITY

The study aims to explore university students’ perceptions of positive psychology (PP) in English language learning, examining the relationships among students’ emotional experience and enjoyment, their anxiety, and their multicultural traits and personal dispositions. The study engaged 63 participants from diverse majors, utilizing Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE), Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety (FLCAS), and Multicultural Personality Traits (MPQ) questionnaires. Findings revealed that students experienced favorable levels of FLE and MPQ, suggesting a potential positive impact of emotional well-being on intercultural attributes. However, the study also highlighted a moderate level of FLCAS, emphasizing the importance of addressing language-related anxiety within the classroom. In addition, a positive correlation between FLE and MPQ indicated that students experiencing higher enjoyment levels additionally demonstrated more positive multicultural traits. In contrast, a negative correlation between FLCAS and MPQ revealed that students with greater language anxiety tended to possess fewer positive multicultural attributes. These outcomes underscored the complex interplay between emotions, anxiety and intercultural competencies within the language learning context. The results suggested integrating strategies to enhance positive emotions and alleviate anxiety within language classrooms, fostering a conducive environment for intercultural skill development. The study also underscored the need to incorporate multicultural content to harness emotional well-being for improving intercultural competence. Additionally, recommendations encompassed adopting student-centered approaches and supportive resources to ensure holistic language acquisition experiences.

THE SYNTHESIS OF SPIRITUAL COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING AND MODIFYING HUMAN BEHAVIOR

This research aims to describe how the spiritual cognitive behavioral approach to understanding and modifying human behavior, to establish a good personality as an agentic person in social life, explain a relationship between spiritual perspective, cognitive behavioral perspective, and agentic aspects in social system, and synthesize a spiritual cognitive behavior technique (SCoBeT) as an approach to shape a personality and human behavior. Data was obtained using the critical analysis systematic literature review (SLR) method and it was gathered that Tazkiyatun An Nafs as a spiritual perspective with the concept of Takhalli, Tahalli and Tajalli and cognitive behavioral with the Agentic Aspects such Intentionality, Forethought, Self Reactiveness, Self Reflectiveness this aspects was extracted to be a new technique in order to shape a human personality and human behavior such emotional impuls, cognitive and behaving. The result of this study shows that spiritual and cognitive behavioral has a connection in conceptual and implementation perspective ways in theoretically and practically, and also has a relationship with shaping personality tendency and behavior in considering an action in social life. Moreover, in response to contemporary issues, spiritual cognitive behavior technique as an approach is synthesized and developed as a counseling technique in education and career manner.