PDAs Research Articles

Learning Engagement of Adult Females in Remote Physical Fitness Program Through Mobile App Intervention

The use of digital devices such as laptops, personal digital assistants, and mobile phones as learning tools has gained prominence in formal education, generating increased research interest in potential growth areas. According to Jeong and So (2020), there seems to be inadequate empirical evidence from extensive research to support its learning effectiveness in the fitness domain, especially among women who have been underrepresented in economically stressed areas. One of the several explanations for this disparity is the failure to consider women’s intersecting cultural identities or potential for social impact. This paper focuses on addressing this issue by conducting a qualitative study. It involves a focus group comprising 15 adult females aged 24 and above. The primary objective is to assess how virtual learning influences the learning perception of adult female learners at a yoga and fitness studio. Interactive self-paced mobile-assisted learning modules were facilitated through the use of mobile phones. An open-ended questionnaire was designed using online resources for primary data collection. The findings were derived by cross-referencing data collected from recordings, interviews, and questionnaires. The study revealed that participating in online fitness classes could enhance women's involvement in fitness-related activities.

Editorial 6(2): Personal digital assistant or job killer? Generative AI and the teaching profession in higher education

Editorial 6(2): Personal digital assistant or job killer? Generative AI and the teaching profession in higher education

Use of Assistive Technology for Persons with Psychosocial Disability: Systematic Review.

Assistive technology (AT) refers to assistive products (AP) and associated systems and services that are relevant for function, independence, well-being, and quality of life for individuals with disabilities. There is a high unmet need for AT for persons with disabilities and this is worse for persons with cognitive and mental or psychosocial disabilities (PDs). Further, information and knowledge on AT for PDs is limited. The aim of this review was to explore the pattern of AT use among persons with PDs and its associated socioeconomic and health benefits. The review was reported according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), and we conducted systematic searches in the 4 databases: PubMed, Embase.com, APA PsycInfo (Ebsco), and Web of Science (Core Collection) with the following index terms: "Assistive Technology," "Self-Help Devices," "Quality of Life," "Activities of Daily Living," "Mental Disorders." We included only AT individuals with PDs can independently use without reliance on a provider. Identified papers were exported to EndNote (Clarivate) and we undertook a narrative synthesis of the included studies. In total, 5 studies were included in the review which reported use of different AT for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and anxiety disorders. The APs described in the included studies are Palm tungsten T3 handheld computer, MOBUS, personal digital assistant, automated pill cap, weighted chain blankets, and smartphone function. All the AT products identified in the studies were found to be easily usable by individuals with PDs. The APs reported in the included studies have broad impact and influence on social function, productivity, and treatment or management. The studies were heterogeneous and were all conducted in high-income countries. Our study contributes to and strengthens existing evidence on the relevance of AT for PDs and its potential to support socioeconomic participation and health. Although AT has the potential to improve function and participation for individuals with PDs; this review highlights that research on the subject is limited. Further research and health policy changes are needed to improve research and AT service provision for individuals with PDs especially in low-income settings. PROSPERO CRD42022343735; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=343735.

Development of a Precision Feeding System with Hierarchical Control for Gestation Units Using Stalls

To obtain good productive performance, sows have different nutrition requirements at different gestation periods. However, in gestation stalls, conventional feeders have large relative errors, management is difficult because of the large numbers of sows, and there are shortcomings in feeding precision and data management. In order to achieve precision feeding and enhance the control of multiple feeders for gestating sows housed in stalls, this study was carried out to investigate a precision feeding system that could be controlled at multiple levels. This system consisted of an electronic sow feeder (ESF), controller area network (CAN), personal digital assistant (PDA), central controller, and Internet of Things platform (IoTP). The results of the experiment showed that relative errors of 60 ESFs delivering feed were within ±2.94%, and the coefficient of variation was less than 1.84%. When the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) ranged from −80 dbm to −70 dbm, the packet loss rate of the PDA was 3.425%. When the RSSI was greater than −70 dbm, no packet loss was observed, and the average response time was 556.05 ms. The IoTP was at the performance bottleneck when the number of concurrent threads was greater than 1700. These experimental results indicated that the system was not only highly accurate in delivering feed, but was also highly reliable in the transmission of information, and therefore met the production requirements of an intensive gestation house.

Applying software‐defined ambient intelligence techniques for cognitive and emotional awareness in the Internet of Things

SummarySmart “discrete” technologies are taking over everyday activities with an intended shift towards complete automation. With this, ambient intelligence (AmI) has come under the limelight, to make these routines subtle and automated, enabled through the widespread adoption of the ubiquitous and pervasive Internet of Things (IoT). AmI is context‐driven depending largely on user input through various interfaces, which is nothing but the interplay between IoT and artificial intelligence (AI). Despite extensive incorporation of personal digital assistants and smart home systems, AI is not yet capable of accurately interpreting and responding to human emotions. This paper aims to present one such application to gauge the emotional and cognitive state of the user and respond appropriately, be it ambient lighting or an emergency SOS. The proposed model extracts network packets to work with audio messages on the real‐time transport protocol (RTP) layer and presents a lightweight multilayer perceptron (MLP)‐based speech emotion recognition (SER) model for emotional analysis with an accuracy of 80.52%. It also features a simple confidence rating system for further optimization.

Development of a prototype for a mobile application to monitor hypertension from ECG data

Today, the use of personal digital assistants is increasing, especially due to the development of mobile devices. Especially at the medical level, their applications have grown a lot. Health cannot be left behind in this new digital age in using these new technologies. Given that the heart is the main organ of the cardiovascular system and is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, it is not surprising that heart disease is the leading cause of death in Asian and Arabic countries, according to international health organizations operating under the World Health Organization. The average individual has no access to a device for home use and must rely on going to the doctor for a consultation and having to undergo the necessary procedure using pricy, specialized equipment. In this project, hardware and software were designed to produce a prototype device that can be purchased for a reasonable price, weighs little, and can be handled easily, enabling people to monitor their heart’s activity from the comfort of their homes. The core of the prototype is an AD8232 integrated circuit mounted on a SparkFun single-lead heart rate monitor-AD8232 card. When used with an Arduino card, serial communication with a computer, or Bluetooth with a smart device, this integrated circuit displays the graph and the person’s heart rate in beats per minute. The Android Studio platform was used to create the mobile app as well as the graphical personal computer version. 19 randomly chosen test volunteers’ heart rates and graphs were compared to the relevant ages listed in the literature.

Investigation on the current situation of the development of intensive care units in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2022

Investigation on the current situation of the development of intensive care units in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2022

Forensic investigation of small-scale digital devices: a futuristic view

Small-scale digital devices like smartphones, smart toys, drones, gaming consoles, tablets, and other personal data assistants have now become ingrained constituents in our daily lives. These devices store massive amounts of data related to individual traits of users, their routine operations, medical histories, and financial information. At the same time, with continuously evolving technology, the diversity in operating systems, client storage localities, remote/cloud storages and backups, and encryption practices renders the forensic analysis task multi-faceted. This makes forensic investigators having to deal with an array of novel challenges. This study reviews the forensic frameworks and procedures used in investigating small-scale digital devices. While highlighting the challenges faced by digital forensics, we explore how cutting-edge technologies like Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Data Science may play a role in remedying concerns. The review aims to accumulate state-of-the-art and identify a futuristic approach for investigating SSDDs.

Differences in Left Ventricular Enlargement Secondary to Chronic Volume Loading Between English Springer Spaniels and Two Similar Sporting Breeds

IntroductionEnglish springer spaniels have larger, rounder ventricles than most other breeds. How this geometry impacts responses to volume overload remains unknown. We compared left ventricular size between English springer spaniels and two similarly sized sporting breeds (Border collies and Labrador retrievers) in naturally occurring chronic left ventricular volume loading conditions (mitral regurgitation and patent ductus arteriosus [PDA]) to examine whether differences in remodelling responses exist between these breeds. Animals, materials and methodsWe searched records for cases of mitral regurgitation and PDA in three breeds. We recorded age, sex, presence of congestive heart failure (CHF), body weight and specific echocardiographic variables. We compared normalised measures of left ventricular size between breeds. Cases with CHF were further examined as a separate group. ResultsOne-hundred-and-ninety-one dogs were included: 110 with degenerative mitral valve disease, 42 with mitral dysplasia and 39 with PDA. One third of all cases had CHF. All measures of left ventricular size were larger in English springer spaniels in mitral regurgitation cases (P<0.001), whereas PDA cases did not differ. English springer spaniels with PDA resulting in CHF had larger systolic dimensions and volumes than similarly affected non-English Springer Spaniel dogs (P=0.003). ConclusionsEnglish springer spaniels have greater left ventricular dimensions when exposed to chronic mitral regurgitation, compared with Border collies and Labrador retrievers, but not when exposed to volume overload from a PDA. English springer spaniels differ in their left ventricular morphology from two other sporting breeds, supporting previous studies that they have a unique cardiac morphotype.

Smart factory for future industry development

The paradigm of the smart factory is thought of as an innovative outline for the fourth industrial revolt. The GLOVA G7-DR20U is set as a programmable logic controller (PLC) for monitoring the performance of the smart factory while using the NodeMCU-V3 esp8266 as the internet of things (IoT) board for interaction between managers and the factory using the personal digital assistant (PDA) programming that has been written in the RabitMQ platform. The program logged inner PLC by applying ladder language for monitoring the performance of PLC. With the completion of intelligent PLC, it is likely to extend the existing making capability in the factory with simplicity. This work joins a PLC used as a parent control unit, apps, user programs, and human-machine interface, with the Internet. The proposed model of the smart factory holds two motors one for the parallel drive and the other for the upright drive. While running the system, we observe that the proposal is working correctly, and the reply to the interaction method via IoT is excellent.

Case Series of Patients with Brainstem Inflammation Causing Paroxysmal Movement Disorders (P4-5.016)

<h3>Objective:</h3> We describe five patients with various neuroinflammatory diseases who developed Paroxysmal Movement Disorders (PMD). <h3>Background:</h3> PMD are a rare phenomenon that has been described in patients with multiple sclerosis since the 1940s. PMD are typically responsive to carbamazepine. One subtype of PMD is paroxysmal dysarthria and ataxia syndrome (PDA), characterized by stereotyped episodes of dysarthria and ataxia, lasting seconds and recurring several times per day. This is thought to be due to transverse ephaptic transmission between demyelinated axons in the brainstem. Recently, cases of PDA in other neuroinflammatory diseases such as Behcet’s disease, MOG-antibody disease (MOGAD), Bickerstaff encephalitis, and anti-NMDA encephalitis have been described but the spectrum of PMD in neuroinflammatory diseases has not been sufficiently studied. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> Case report series. <h3>Results:</h3> We describe in detail five patients with CNS inflammatory diseases who developed PMD. Underlying diseases were chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS), MS, MOGAD, and post-infectious encephalitis (COVID and LaCrosse virus). Four patients developed PDA, while one presented with paroxysmal esophageal contractions. Paroxysms were brief (less than 10 seconds) and frequent (up to hundreds of times a day). On MRI, four patients had lesions in the medial midbrain and one had a lesion in a cerebellar peduncle. In four cases paroxysms were treated successfully with carbamazepine. All patients had complete or near-complete remission of their PMD. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> This series highlights that different neuroinflammatory disorders can cause PMD. This is the first report of PDA in CLIPPERS or post-COVID encephalitis, and the second report in MOGAD. Most patients had lesions in the dorsal midbrain below the red nucleus, a site commonly reported to cause PDA. Treatment with carbamazepine was successful. PMD in neuroinflammatory disease is important to recognize as symptoms can be debilitating but successfully treated. This case series can help improve awareness of this rare condition. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Luxenberg has nothing to disclose. The institution of Dr. Wang has received research support from Genentech. The institution of Dr. Wundes has received research support from Benaroya Research Institute . The institution of Dr. Von Geldern has received research support from Novartis. The institution of Dr. Von Geldern has received research support from National MS Society. Dr. Von Geldern has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving as a DSMB member with NIH, NINDS. Dr. Von Geldern has a non-compensated relationship as a editorial board member with MS and Related Disorders Journal that is relevant to AAN interests or activities.

Contemporary Approaches and Challenges in Education: An Implication in the Use of Mobile Technologies in the New normal

Globally, COVID-19 pandemic which spread worldwide, affecting many aspects of life, does not excepted the educational industry. Hence, teachers are required to prepare for education necessities, decisions, choices, and adaptations to meet student expectations, teacher education requirements, and as well the conditions under which universities and schools operates. The substantive situation thus raises the importance of technology integration in educational system for effective teaching &amp; learning process. Notably before now educational provisions at all levels have been bedevilled with numerous challenges which demands new approaches especially at this post-covid period. It has been envisaged that, the use of mobile technology in this new-normal will go a long way to reduces inherent challenges and improve on the instructional process for students and this is so because the 21st Century students are digital native. The mode anchored on the generic umbrella of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), which is helpful in making the process of teaching &amp; learning more meaningful. It was on this premises that, the paper examined some typologies of mobile technologies devices and their instructional uses, such as: Smart phones, E-book reader, Personal Digital Assistance (PDA) among others. Similarly, challenges associated with their uses were identified and they include: Inadequacy of facilities and resources; Swift switch to online learning; Gap in teachers’ skills &amp; competency in handling collaborative learning; Poor infrastructure; Poor internet connectivity etc. The Paper equally identified measures to improve on the uses of mobile technologies for instructional process. Finally, conclusion and recommendations were highlighted and such recommendations made are: Need for adequate funding of education, Provision of adequate infrastructural facilities, provides induction training to improve on skill &amp; competency gap in teachers and ensure good connectivity &amp; provision of the needed internet sources within the school system

Digital Health Solutions for Weight Loss and Obesity: A Narrative Review.

Personal exercise programmes have long been used and prescribed for weight loss and the improvement of quality of life in obese patients. While individualised programmes are usually the preferred option, they can be more costly and challenging to deliver in person. A move to digital programmes with a wider reach has commenced, and demand has increased due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this review, we evaluate the current status of digital exercise programme delivery and its evolution over the past decade, with a focus on personalisation. We used specific keywords to search for articles that met our predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria in order to provide valuable evidence and insights for future research. We identified 55 studies in total in four key areas of focus, from the more recent development of apps and personal digital assistants to web-based programmes and text or phone call interventions. In summary, we observed that apps may be useful for a low-intensity approach and can improve adherence to programmes through self-monitoring, but they are not always developed in an evidence-based manner. Engagement and adherence are important determinants of weight loss and subsequent weight maintenance. Generally, professional support is required to achieve weight loss goals.

Crash Recovery Techniques for Flash Storage Devices Leveraging Flash Translation Layer: A Review

The flash storage is a type of nonvolatile semiconductor device that is operated continuously and has been substituting the hard disk or secondary memory in several storage markets, such as PC/laptop computers, mobile devices, and is also used as an enterprise server. Moreover, it offers a number of benefits, including compact size, low power consumption, quick access, easy mobility, heat dissipation, shock tolerance, data preservation during a power outage, and random access. Different embedded system products, including digital cameras, smartphones, personal digital assistants (PDA), along with sensor devices, are currently integrating flash memory. However, as flash memory requires unique capabilities such as “erase before write” as well as “wear-leveling”, a FTL (flash translation layer) is added to the software layer. The FTL software module overcomes the problem of performance that arises from the erase before write operation and wear-leveling, i.e., flash memory does not allow for an in-place update, and therefore a block must be erased prior to overwriting upon the present data. In the meantime, flash storage devices face challenges of failure and thus they must be able to recover metadata (as well as address mapping information), including data after a crash. The FTL layer is responsible for and intended for use in crash recovery. Although the power-off recovery technique is essential for portable devices, most FTL algorithms do not take this into account. In this paper, we review various schemes of crash recovery leveraging FTL for flash storage devices. We illustrate the classification of the FTL algorithms. Moreover, we also discuss the various metrics and parameters evaluated for comparison with other approaches by each scheme, along with the flash type. In addition, we made an analysis of the FTL schemes. We also describe meaningful considerations which play a critical role in the design development for power-off recovery employing FTL.

A Data Security Model for Mobile Ad Hoc Network Using Linear Function Mayfly Advanced Encryption Standard

Mobile Ad Hoc network (MANET) is a connection of mobile nodes that are joined together to communicate and share information using a wireless link.Some of the MANET in use include mobile smart phones, laptops, personal digital assistant (PDAs), among others.However, MANET has been known for the major challenge of being vulnerable to malicious attacks within the network. One of the techniques which have been used by several research works is the cryptographic approach using advanced encryption technique (AES). AES has been found suitable in the MANET domain because it does not take much space in mobile nodes which are known for their limited space resources. But one of the challenges facing AES which has not been given much attention is the optimal generation of its secret keys. So, therefore, this research work presents a symmetric cryptography technique by developing a model for the optimal generation of secret keys in AES using the linear function mayfly AES (LFM-AES) algorithm. The developed model was simulated in MATLAB 2020 programming environment. LFM-AES was compared with mayfly-AES, particle swarm optimization AES (PSO-AES) using encryption time, computational time, encryption throughput, and mean square error. The simulation results showed that LFM-AES has lower encryption, computational, mean square error, and higher encryption throughput. Keywords-- MANET, Data Security, Key Management, LFM-AES, Mayfly-AES, PSO-AES, AES

Mobile Cloud Computing Based Technologies for Enhancing E-learning Content Delivery and Sharing in Higher Learning Institutions in Tanzania using Learner-Centered Approach

Electronic learning (E-learning) in Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs) offers a cost-effective teaching and learning that support social interactivity, flexibility, context sensitivity, and active participation of learners in learning activities. The objective of this study was to investigate the challenges facing the traditional E-learning tools and leverage the advanced capacity of Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) to enhance E-learning service delivery and sharing of learning resources focusing in learner-centered approach. Also, the evolvement of mobile computing devices such as smartphones, Personal Digital Assistance (PDA), and laptops owned by learners bring prospects in overcoming the inherent challenges facing HLIs in developing countries such as shortage of computer laboratories and network resources.Consequently, this study proposes MCC-based E-learning content delivery and sharing to augment higher learning institutions with limited resource setting in developing countries. The main benefits of MCC-based E-learning include, first, augment traditional LMS by provisioning abundant processing capacity and storage in the cloud that guarantee unlimited learning materials available for learners and instructors; Second, improves performance in local Learning Management System (LMS) servers by outsourcing execution and storage into the cloud especially when resource-intensive E-learning contents such as games, Virtual Reality (VR), and video streaming are used for learning; third, supports multi-platforms to execute the workload of various E-learning applications in the cloud which is potential for E-learning resource sharing; and fourth, guarantee cost-effective E-learning content delivery and sharing. Keywords: Mobile cloud computing, E-learning, content delivery, Learner-centered learning DOI: 10.7176/JIEA/13-2-03 Publication date: March 31 st 2023

Use of E-Commerce in The World of Business

The process of purchasing, offering for sale, or transferring goods, services, and information over computer networks is known as electronic commerce (e-commerce). E-commerce is a subset of e-business, which has a broader definition that includes business partners, customer support, and job openings in addition to commercial activities. A database or database (database), e-mail or electronic mail (e-mail), non-computer technology in the form of different delivery systems, and a method of payment for e-commerce are additional requirements for e-commerce in addition to networking technologies. Given that e-commerce is electronic, customers can access and place orders from many locations. Given the current state of modern technology, a client wishing to access online shopping need not physically be there, as there are numerous locations in Indonesia's major cities that offer Wi-Fi-enabled internet access via laptop, notebook, or Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). So, this is a crucial time for businesses to establish e-commerce services. E-commerce is still largely unused in Indonesia. Following some background information, the author talks about the benefits of e-commerce to his business goals.

Efficacy of Preventive Drug Preparation Errors by Non-Pharmacists Using Personal Digital Assistance and Audit Support Systems

Efficacy of Preventive Drug Preparation Errors by Non-Pharmacists Using Personal Digital Assistance and Audit Support Systems

Evaluation of selected aspects of the hygiene hypothesis and their effect on the incidence of allergy.

The development of allergic conditions is largely dependent on the interactions between genetic (individual genetic predisposition) and environmental factors (exposure to risk factors). The aim of this study was an attempt to assess the influence of selected elements of the hygiene theory in the development of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. The study group consisted of 5518 women and 3868 men. The method that was used was the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II and International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire validated and adapted to Central and Eastern European conditions. The project was conducted in 8 urban areas (Gdańsk, Wrocław, Poznań, Katowice, Kraków, Lublin, Białystok, Warsaw) and 1 rural area (Krasnystaw county). This study had 2 stages; the first stage involved grouping the 22 500 respondents based on their questionnaire responses with the use of a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA); the second stage involved 7000 subjects, who underwent additional assessments: skin prick tests (birch, grasses/cereals, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae, molds [set I: Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium herbarum, Alternaria tenuis, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, Helminthosporium], molds [set II: Aspergillus fumigatus, Mucor mucedo, Penicillium notatum, Pullularia pullulans, Rhizopus nigricans, Serpula lacrymans], cat, dog, molds Cladosporium herbarum, Alternaria tenuis) and spirometry tests. The age at which children attend the nursery school is critical to the development of allergic diseases; in allergic rhinitis, the risk of an IgE-dependent reaction is 2 times higher in the second than in the first year of life (p = 0.00147, p < 0.05), while in asthma, having a large number of siblings increases the risk of developing obstructive disease by almost 6 times (p = 0.00316, p < 0.05).The age at which children attend the nursery school is critical to the development of allergic diseases; in allergic rhinitis, the risk of an IgE-dependent reaction is 2 times higher in the second than in the first year of life (p = 0.00147, p < 0.05), while in asthma, having a large number of siblings increases the risk of developing obstructive disease by almost 6 times (p = 0.00316, p < 0.05). The hygiene theory is particularly applicable and can explain the relationship of selected habits in the development of allergic diseases. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(1):69-83.

Effectiveness of Video Lessons Using Mobile Learning Technology

Electronics and communication and manufacturing technology are gaining much importance in the new millennium. The advents in electronics and communication technologies have been offering inexpensive, more convenient and more functionality in a single device. The engineering students and teachers can access data and communicate with each other anytime, anywhere, on any device, and any data and network. The researcher has to implement new technology, new ideas, and innovations in the research area of wireless communication and wireless networks. In wireless and mobile communication, to develop these engineering laboratories into virtual labs and study materials in hand (within a Pocket). This research is focused on and related to engineering education research. The quasi-experimental design has been used in this research study to measure the effectiveness of mobile learning using video lessons in engineering education. The questionnaire is used to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile learning for undergraduate engineering students. This paper describes the main study of the research results shows that 506 students of second year engineering students of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE), Electronics and Communication (ECE), and Bio- Medical Engineering (BME) in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India their usage of wireless communication technology in mobile learning using video lessons. The video lessons used for this study are Electromagnetism which is common for EEE and ECE and Electrocardiography is common for BME and ECE. During the study smart phones, mobile phones and wireless devices, tablet pc, personal digital assistants, etc are used and the duration of the video lesson is 30 minutes. These video lessons can be transmitted using Bluetooth technology in the classroom, library, and corridors during the free hours. Keywords: E-learning, m-learning,