Personal Computer Software Package Research Articles

X-Ray Mass Attenuation Coefficient of Medicinal Plant Using Different Energies 32.890KeV to 13.596KeV

To study the X-ray Mass attenuation coefficients of different materials and medicinal plants is necessary for accurate X-ray fluorescent analysis. The present measurement X-ray mass attenuation coefficients held in to two types of medicinal plants which are collected from Gulbarga and Bidar districts, using different X-ray energy range 32.890 KeV to 13.596 KeV. The Measurement performed using NaI (TI) detector which coupled to MCA and a source of 241Am is used to get X-rays in the energies of Ba, Ag, Mo, and Rb target in to different thickness (40 mg to 100 mg) pellet samples of Eucalyptus Obliqua and Mangifera indica medicinal plants. These two medicinal plants are used as medicines in the Indian herbal systems. The theoretical values are compared with the experimental values obtained using WinXCOM, which is personal computer software package. In this present study the mass attenuation coefficient of x-ray increases with decreasing energies.

Radiation shielding of concretes containing different lime/silica ratios

The shielding of γ-rays and fast neutrons by concrete has been studied for concretes containing different lime/silica ratios. Calculations were carried out for six different concrete samples. The total mass attenuation coefficients ( μ/ ρ, cm 2 g −1) have been computed at photon energies of 1 keV to 100 GeV using the personal computer software package WinXCom. Also the macroscopic effective fast neutron removal cross-sections (Σ R , cm −1) have been calculated using MERCSF-N program and the removal cross-section database for all required elements. The obtained results showed that the lime/silica ratio of concrete has significant and insignificant effects on μ/ ρ and Σ R values, respectively.

Mass attenuation coefficient of saccharides for X-rays in the energy range from 8 keV to 32 keV

Mass attenuation coefficients have been measured for mono and disaccharides at photon energies 8.136, 13.596, 17.781, 22.581 and 32.890 keV. The measured values are compared with the computed values obtained using personal computer software package WinXCOM. The agreement between the two is within −5.3% to 3%.

Generation of structures of molecular crystals with two molecules related by a twofold axis or a plane of symmetry in a primitive unit cell

Within the method of discrete modeling of packings, an algorithm of generation of possible structures of molecular crystals with two molecules of known shape in the primitive unit cell, related by a twofold (screw or rotary) axis or a plane of mirror or glide reflection symmetry, is proposed. The algorithm is based on the approximation of molecules by polycubes (geometric figures composed of identical cubes) and calculation of all possible periodic packings of these polycubes with a specified packing factor. On the basis of this algorithm, a software package for personal computers is developed. Examples of approval of this package for several crystal structures, identified previously by X-ray diffraction analysis, are reported.

Generation of crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds by the method of discrete modeling of packings

Within the method of discrete modeling of packings, an algorithm of generation of possible crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds containing two or three molecules in the primitive unit cell, one of which has an arbitrary shape and the other (two others) has a shape close to spherical, is proposed. On the basis of this algorithm, a software package for personal computers is developed. This package has been approved for a number of compounds, investigated previously by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of generation of structures of five compounds—four organic salts (with one or two spherical anions) and one solvate—are represented.

Student Design Projects in King Abdulaziz University for Power Engineers

This paper describes samples of practically oriented senior design projects recently incorporated into an undergraduate power systems course at King Abdulaziz University, which have significant positive impact on power engineering education. These projects utilise a personal computer software package that includes transmission line, power flow, short circuit and transient stability computer programs. The senior projects should provide students with a major capstone design experience according to the rules of the engineering accreditation organisation in the USA, the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). The projects, the way they are utilised and student reaction are all discussed.

Simulation, modelling and sizing of pressure filters

Some preliminary results from a research programme aimed at providing computer simulations for solid/liquid separation processes are presented. The personal computer software package described models the operation of pressure filters. The example of the diaphragm filter press is chosen, and it is shown how the integration of industrially proven research data with powerful modular software routines can simulate the cake formation, compression, dewatering and washing operations. With a knowledge of the intended operating conditions, the software generates extensive data for the filter cycle, and minimises the time and cost associated with preliminary and pilotscale test work.

Teaching aids for electrical machines laboratory

AbstractA personal computer software package has been recently developed in the electrical machines laboratory at Tabriz University. The package includes a set of computer programs that can be used alongside experiments, to assist students in learning the experimental aspects of electric machines.

Phase Analysis of Portland Cement by Full Profile Standardless Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction - Accuracy and Precision

AbstractThe multiphase Rietveld method has been used in the determination of phase abundance in six standard Portland cements, using the SIROQUANT personal computer software package for XRD quantitative analysis. Because of the extreme amount of line superposition and weakness of the cement patterns care must be taken in the selection of standard XRD profiles and in the refinement of unit cell dimensions and linewidths. Comparison with round-robin microscope assays of the same cements shows r.m.s. deviations of assays between the two methods of 2.1% for alite, 3.1% for belite, 1.7% for aluminate and 1.3% for ferrite. Precision, studied by repeated SIROQUANT analyses of nine XRD patterns from the same Australian cement show esd's of 1.3% for the alite assay, 0.8% for belite, 0.5% for aluminate and 0.5% for ferrite.

Student design projects in power engineering

Five power engineering projects assigned to juniors, seniors and graduate students at three universities are described. These projects utilize a personal-computer software package that includes transmission line, power flow, short circuit, and transient stability computer programs. The projects, the way they are utilized, and student reaction are discussed. The package has enabled students to work on more difficult problems and has become an innovative tool in the learning process. The nine programs, that are stored on diskettes, can also be utilized by students later in their careers and by professionals. >

A personal computer software package for power engineering education

The author describes a personal-computer software package recently incorporated in the power engineering program at Northeastern University. The package includes a set of computer programs which can be utilized to support classroom instruction and student design projects. The programs cover matrix operations, symmetrical components, line constant, steady-state operation of transmission lines, power flow (100 buses), symmetrical short circuits (100 buses), short circuits (100 buses), transmission-line transients, and transient stability. The computer programs, the way they are utilized, and initial student reaction are discussed. It is concluded that the availability of the power system analysis and design software package has extended classroom capabilities and enhanced student interest in power engineering courses. The reaction of students to the software has been positive, and it has allowed them to work on more difficult and realistic problems and make it an innovative tool in the learning process. >

Developing drug-use indicators with a computerized drug database and a personal computer software package

The use of a multihospital drug- and patient-database system, a personal computer (PC), and a standard PC software package to monitor drug-use indicators is described, and a five-step method for analyzing a set of data is presented. An integrated spread-sheet, database, and graphics program (Lotus 1-2-3), which is compatible with an IBM PC, can manipulate data obtained from a multihospital database system. To demonstrate the utility of this system, a previously published procedure for analyzing drug-use indicators (e.g., length of stay, drug cost per patient, number of drugs received) for patients in two diagnosis-related groups was repeated using the database and PC software. The records of patients in each DRG were randomly selected from the database. The following steps were applied to the data: (1) data (as a whole) were characterized statistically, (2) data were examined to identify subgroups of interest, (3) groups of data were characterized statistically and compared with each other, (4) the effect of changing the characteristics of one or more subgroups was predicted, and (5) the results of the data manipulations were presented in tables and graphs. A multihospital database can serve as a source for obtaining large quantities of hospital-specific data. These data can be manipulated and presented in tabular or graphic form on a personal computer and used by hospitals to monitor various drug-use indicators.