Personal Characteristics Of Patients Research Articles

Pathogenesis of Post-Covid Syndrome. The Key Role of the Immune System

When considering the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and post-Covid syndrome, disorders associated with the immune system come to the fore. Complexes of immune dysregulation, dissonant reactions of the patient’s innate and adaptive immune systems, should be considered the main causes of the complex pattern of lesions. These processes include cellular inflammation, disorder of hemovascular homeostasis, and organ damages. Consistent analysis of these processes serves as the basis for choosing therapeutic strategy schemes, taking into account clinical indicators and personal characteristics of patients.

Features of pain sensitivity during premedication with xenon in patients before outpatient dental interventions

BACKGROUND: Premedication in outpatient dental interventions normalizes pain sensitivity and emotional state of patients. Inhalation of xenon-oxygen mixture can be an effective means for it. AIM: To study the effect of xenon premedication on pain sensitivity in patients with outpatient dental interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients were studied. Emotional and personal characteristics of patients were determined using the Eysenck test, Spielberger–Khanin personal anxiety scale, and hospital scale of anxiety and depression. Pain sensitivity was assessed using pain thresholds and somatosensory evoked potentials of the brain before and after inhalation of xenon-oxygen mixture at a concentration of 30/70 for 3 minutes. RESULTS: According to the results of psychological testing, all examined patients were characterized by a stable psychological sphere and predominantly lowered anxiety and constituted a group with insignificantly different emotional and personal characteristics. Before inhalation, pain sensitivity in patients varied significantly. After inhalation, multidirectional changes in pain sensitivity occurred, which were expressed in a decrease and an increase in pain sensitivity thresholds and the degree of activation of brain structures. CONCLUSION: Preoperative stress can both exacerbate and reduce pain sensitivity in patients. The use of inhalation of a xenon-oxygen mixture at a concentration of 30/70 for 3 minutes as a premedication causes multidirectional changes in the sensitivity of tissues and organs in the maxillofacial region in patients before outpatient dental interventions, which may be caused by a change in the activity of endogenous antinociceptive (analgesic) system.

Psychological aspect of pain syndrome in endometriosis

Relevance. Endometriosis is a multifactorial gynecological disease characterized by a benign proliferation of endometrial cells outside the uterine cavity. At the present stage of the study of endometriosis, the etiology and pathogenesis of its development have not been studied enough. More and more attention is paid to the emotional and personal characteristics of patients, and the disease itself is gradually moving into the category of psychosomatic disorders.The objective was to identify the features of the perception of pain syndrome, as well as emotional, personal characteristics and the level of adaptation of women with endometriosis.Methods and materials. The study involved 76 respondents: 46 women with endometriosis and 30 women without gynecological pathology (conditionally). We used psychodiagnostic questionnaire methods aimed at studying the perception of pain syndrome, emotional sphere, level of adaptation, personal characteristics and gender identity.Results. The personal profile of women with endometriosis is dominated by such traits as: anxiety, depression, difficulties in controlling life events, a decrease in the level of socio-psychological adaptation and satisfaction with the quality of life, a tendency to escape from reality in comparison with the personal profile of conditionally healthy women. It has been established that a higher assessment of the severity of pain syndrome in endometriosis is interconnected with such types of interpersonal interaction as «dependent-obedient» and «cooperating-conventional».Conclusions. The treatment and rehabilitation of patients with endometriosis requires taking into account their psychological characteristics, as well as a multidisciplinary approach involving specialists of various profiles, including psychologists/ psychotherapists.

Возможности совершенствования профилактики агрессивного поведения у больных параноидной шизофренией

The aim of the study was to identify the individual and personal characteristics of patients with schizophrenia, which determine the commission of violent crimes (murders, causing of grievous bodily harm in victims). The study was conducted on the basis of the psycho-neurological dispensary department No. 2 of the Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai. As a result of comparing the individual psychological characteristics identified in the group of patients with schizophrenia, it turned out that there are statistically significant differences in personality traits in patients undergoing compulsory treatment after committed violent crimes and patients being treated due to an exacerbation of psychoproductive symptoms. The results obtained can be used to improve the system of prevention of crimes committed by patients with schizophrenia

Medical and Personal Characteristics Can Predict the Risk of Lung Metastasis

AimsUnderstanding the correlations between underlying medical and personal characteristics of a patient with cancer and the risk of lung metastasis may improve clinical management and outcomes. We used machine learning methodologies to predict the risk of lung metastasis using readily available predictors. Materials and methodsWe retrospectively analysed a cohort of 11 164 oncological patients, with clinical records gathered between 2000 and 2020. The input data consisted of 94 parameters, including age, body mass index (BMI), sex, social history, 81 primary cancer types, underlying lung disease and diabetes mellitus. The strongest underlying predictors were discovered with the analysis of the highest performing method among four distinct machine learning methods. ResultsLung metastasis was present in 958 of 11 164 oncological patients. The median age and BMI of the study population were 63 (±19) and 25.12 (±5.66), respectively. The random forest method had the most robust performance among the machine learning methods. Feature importance analysis revealed high BMI as the strongest predictor. Advanced age, smoking, male gender, alcohol dependence, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes were also strongly associated with lung metastasis. Among primary cancers, melanoma and renal cancer had the strongest correlation. ConclusionsUsing a machine learning-based approach, we revealed new correlations between personal and medical characteristics of patients with cancer and lung metastasis. This study highlights the previously unknown impact of predictors such as obesity, advanced age and underlying lung disease on the occurrence of lung metastasis. This prediction model can assist physicians with preventive risk factor control and treatment strategies.

Overview of the Epidemiological Situation and Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19 in Long-Term Care Facilities in the World and Russia

Background: Residents of long-term care facilities are at higher risk of the severe course and outcomes of COVID-19. Objective: To describe the epidemiological situation and risk factors for severe COVID-19 in nursing homes in the world and Russia. Materials and methods: We reviewed Russian and English-language papers published in March 2020 to October 2022 and found in such resources as eLIBRARY.ru, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Academy, and Scopus using the following keywords: long-term care facilities, nursing homes, COVID-19 morbidity in nursing homes, COVID-19 mortality in nursing homes, and COVID-19 risk factors in nursing homes. Availability of information on morbidity and mortality among residents and employees of long-term care facilities in Russia, Europe and the USA and about the risk factors for severe course and adverse outcomes of COVID-19 was the inclusion criterion. Of 1,013 articles initially identified, 40 publications were included in the review. Results: The analysis of the worldwide epidemiological situation has shown that COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates in nursing homes fluctuate, and, as of October 2022, cases of the disease among residents, including multiple cases within a facility, were still registered. In most countries, the highest incidence of COVID-19 in long-term care facilities was observed in January – March 2022, while the lowest was noted in May – July 2021. The number of deaths has decreased significantly over time and remains low. Risk factors for a severe course and death from the novel coronavirus disease include age, male sex, and concomitant diseases. We established, however, that disease severity was also affected by the staff-to-resident ratio, availability of paid sick leave of the personnel, patient isolation opportunities, division of the working area, type of ownership (private), and COVID-19 incidence rates in the local community. Conclusion: We have analyzed the epidemiological situation and risk factors for severe COVID-19 in long-term care facilities at the national and global levels. As of October 2022, the novel coronavirus disease remains a challenge for nursing facilities. The severity of the infection is influenced by personal characteristics of patients and external factors related to the residential care facility.

Selection of the best endodontic treatment option using data mining

Introduction: The presence of postendodontic pain is an important issue, which can affect the patients' quality of life. Appropriate treatment selection, based on specific characteristics (e.g., clinical test results and patients' demographics), may reduce postendodontic pain. We aimed to evaluate the relationship of data mining algorithms in longitudinal data of postendodontic pain and treatment allocation to predict the best treatment option. Materials and Methods: The pain data of an original multicenter randomized clinical trial with two study arms, pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (PMTA) (n = 188) and root canal therapy (RCT) (n = 168), were used. The linear mixed-effects model and predictive algorithms were fitted in accordance with the personal characteristics of patients and diagnostic test results to determine the best treatment option. Using SPSS 23, SAS 9.1, and WEKA 3.6.9, the preferred treatment was identified via comparing the areas below the receiver operating characteristic curves and identifying the most appropriate algorithm. In addition, a decision tree was used to allocate the best type of treatment modality to reduce posttreatment pain. Results: For < 18-year-old patients with irreversible pulpitis (IP) based on cold test and >18-year-old patients whose electrical pulp test (EPT) exhibited IP, the chosen treatment would be RCT (P < 0.05). However, for >18-year-old patients with IP based on cold test and <18-year-old patients whose EPT revealed IP, the recommended treatment would be PMTA (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The decision tree model seems to be able to predict the reduction of postendodontic pain in ~65% of patients if they receive optimal treatment.

Emotional and personal characteristics of patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and their influence on development of functional dizziness

Aim. To study the emotional and personal characteristics of patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and their impact on the development of functional dizziness (FD).Materials and methods. 93 patients with BPPV were examined. Patients were twice examined (immediately after BPPV treatment and 1 month follow up) with scales: dizziness (DHI), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), somatic symptoms scale (PHQ-15), Holmes – Rahe Stress Inventory, Leonhard – Schmishek personality accentuation test, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, and Agoraphobic Cognitions Scale.Results. Seventeen (18%) patients had FD1 month after BPPV treatment (FD+ group), 76 patients had no dizziness (FD– group). Immediately after BPPV treatment patients FD+ group had more hight results of DHI (57 [49; 68] vs 49 [33; 61], p = 0.035), GAD-7 (13 [7; 15] vs 4 [2; 7]), p < 0.001) and PHQ-9 (9 [6; 13] vs 5 [3; 11], p = 0.025). One month after BPPV treatment, the level of depression in the FD+ group was higher (4.5 [4; 11] vs 3 [1; 6], p = 0.049), but the level of anxiety decreased and became comparable with the FD– group (p = 0.2). In the FD+ group had found higher rates of anxious personal accentuation (15 [12; 18] vs 12 [9; 15]; p = 0.020), anxious sensitivity (55.5 [43; 68.5] vs 36.5 [22.5; 53.5]; p = 0.010), as well as agoraphobia (11 [9; 18] vs 6 [2; 9], p = 0.003). The level of psychosocial stress did not differ between the groups.Conclusion. Anxiety-depressive reaction is common in patients with BPPV. Anxiety and depression decrease after successful treatment with repositioning maneuvers. High levels of anxiety and depression, personal anxiety and anxiety sensitivity may be predictors of the development of functional dizziness.

SELF-DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIOR IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS. FEATURES OF PATHOGENESIS AND PATHODYNAMICS.

The aim: To prove the heterogeneity of pathogenetic mechanisms and pathodynamics of self-destructive behaviour (SdB) in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Materials and methods: We examined 112 patients with different kinds of SSD: 55 men (49.1%) and 57 women (50.9%), 34.9±8 years old. In 44.6% of patients the features of SdB were present during more than half of disease time (Gr1) - before and after self-injury or suicidal attempt (SI\SA) as well as in acute psychosis exacerbation or in remission. They committed SI\SA mainly in a psychotraumatic situations and due to permanent feelings with a self-destructive content. In 55.4% of patients (Gr2) acute manifestations of SdB with realization of impulsive SI\SA were caused only as secondary symptoms of the severe exacerbation of psychosis. Self-destructive or suicidal ideas disappeared in Gr2 patients after the reduction of acute psychotic symptoms. Results: Psychometric testing by the PANSS confirmed the comparability of these groups. линеpatients' reaction on a psychological problems, especially family conflicts, the desire to reduce the high level of subjective anxiety or to draw attention to themselves. In 92% of these patients at the moment of examination manifestations of SDB and the same self-destructive motives persisted. While patients of Gr2 committed impulsive SI\SA only by the influence of command pseudohallucinations or delusional ideas at the acute psychosis. At the time of the study (in state without acute psychotic symptoms or in remission) all patients of Gr2 showed no SDB signs. The data according to the Big Five Personality Test fixed substantial distinctions in personal characteristics of patients in Gr1 and Gr2 as well. Conclusions: Our study proved the scientific hypothesis that the pathogenesis and dynamics of SdB in patients with SSD (who committed SI\SA) have essential differences. The research results allowed to describe two types of personal portrait of patients with SSD and SdB who had realized SI\SA. This crucial pathogenetic variances are important to design of the therapy strategies of those patients.

Effects of personality traits on severity of sepsis.

The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of the individual's lifestyle and personality traits on the disease process in patients with sepsis and to have clinical predictions about these patients. The study was planned as a multi-center, prospective, observational study after obtaining the approval of the local ethics committee. Patients were hospitalized in different intensive care units. Besides demographics and personal characteristics of patients, laboratory data, length of hospital and ICU stay, and mortality was recorded. Two hundred and fifty-nine patients were followed up in 11 different intensive care units. Mortality rates, morbidities, blood analyses, and personality traits were evaluated as primary outcomes. Of the 259 patients followed up, mortality rates were significantly higher in men than in women (p= 0.008). No significant difference was found between the patients' daily activity, tea and coffee consumption, reading habits, smoking habits, blood groups, atopy histories and mortality rates. Examining the personal traits, it was seen that 90 people had A-type personality structure and 51 (56.7%) of them died with higher mortality rate compared to type B (p= 0.038). There was no difference between personalities, in concomitant ARDS occurrence, need for sedation and renal replacement therapies. Among individuals diagnosed with sepsis/septic shock, mortality increased significantly in patients with A-type personality trait compared to other personality traits. These results showed that personal traits may be useful in predicting the severity of disease and mortality in patients with sepsis/septic shock.

PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS

The aim of this paper is to study the features of the personal characteristics of patients with depressive disorders at the present stage, taking into account gender and age factors. Clinically examined 107 men and 138 women with depressive disorders (ICD-10 codes F31.3, F31.4, F32.0, F32.1, F32.2, F33.0, F33.1, F33.2) using Mini-mult test. Persistent pathocharacterological changes were revealed in patients with depressive disorders, the basis of these transformations are persistent depressive manifestations in combination with a high level of anxiety, asthenia and hypochondriasis, as well as moderate manifestations of hysteria, psychopathy, paranoia and schizoidism. In men, more pronounced manifestations of depression, paranoia and schizoidism were revealed, and in women – psychasthenia, hypochondriasis and psychopathic manifestations. The manifestations of depression, hypochondriasis, psychopathy, paranoia and schizoidness, which are least pronounced in the young age group (up to 30 years old), and most pronounced in the older age group (45 years and older). The manifestations of psychasthenia are minimal in the younger age group, reach the highest level in the middle age group (30-44 years old), and slightly decrease in the older age group.

Sociodemographic, clinical and personal characteristics of patients with borderline personality disorder in a public general hospital in Lima, Peru during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

AimsTo describe the main characteristics of adolescent and adult patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) treated in Emergency and Hospitalization services of Villa El Salvador Emergency Hospital during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lima, Peru.MethodAn analysis of 17 cases of patients with BPD according to DSM 5 criteria was carried out in SISGALEN PLUS software database that have been evaluated in the Emergency and Hospitalization areas during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic, clinical and personal variables were taken into account. A descriptive analysis of frequencies and proportions was carried out in SPSS 24.0 software.ResultRegarding sociodemographic variables, the average age was 27.47 (SD = 11.242), 82.4% single, 88.2% female, 52.9% from Villa El Salvador, 82.4% catholics, 76.5% have completed secondary school and 47.1% were housewives. For clinical variables, 64.7% located in the Emergency Service, 58.8% had no current diagnosis of COVID-19, 64.7% without medical comorbidity, 35.3% without psychiatric comorbidity, 52.9% with suicide attempt as the main reason for consultation, 52.9% without regular use of medications, 88.2% with psychopharmacological treatment; 70.6% received a psychiatric interview intervention; Regarding symptoms, all presented interpersonal problems, impulsivity, emotional instability and inappropriate anger, while 58.8% had alteration of identity and 94.1% had suicidality. For personal variables, 82.4% had no family history, 88.2% had no history of abuse or trauma, 52.9% had a history of substance use, and 88.2% had no previous hospitalizations.ConclusionThe most of patients with BPD were young adults, women, single, from Villa El Salvador, catholics, completed secondary school, housewives, from Emergency, no diagnosis of COVID-19, without medical or psychiatric comorbidity, consulted for suicide attempt, without habitual use of medications, with indicated psychopharmacological treatment, a psychiatric interview was conducted, they had active symptoms, history of substance use and no family history, abuse or hospitalizations.

Emotional and personal characteristics of adolescents with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome

Hereditary connective tissue diseases are among the most common genetic syndromes. In most cases the studies of children with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome are devoted to the clinical manifestations of the disease. Insufficient information on the features of emotional, personal, and behavioral spheres in this category of children creates the need to perform targeted psychological research. Objective. To study the features of the emotional and personal sphere in adolescents with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome of 12–16 years old. Material and methods . The study involved 24 boys and 22 girls from 12 to 18 years old with a clinical diagnosis of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. The study used multidirectional diagnostic methods of emotional, personal and behavioral spheres. Results. The emotional features of adolescents with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome are manifested in the form of depressive, anxiety states, which are associated with frustrated needs for self-affirmation. The study revealed the heterogeneity and originality of the picture of emotional and personal characteristics of patients with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. The degree of awareness of the individual characteristics of a teenager affects the personal development of the child as a whole.

‘It’s not one size fits all’: a qualitative study of patients’ and healthcare professionals’ views of self-management for bronchiectasis

BackgroundBronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory condition that impacts significantly on individuals and healthcare services. Self-management is recommended in clinical guidelines for bronchiectasis as an intervention to enable patients to manage...

Factors associated with the provision of individualized care during hospitalization: A systematic review.

To analyse and integrate the existing literature on nurses' perceptions regarding factors associated with the provision of individualized care in hospital contexts. Individualized care considers the personal characteristics of patients and promotes their participation in decision-making. The application of individualized care is not standardized among professionals. A systematic literature search was performed in Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Índice Médico Español, CUIDEN, ProQuest, PsycoINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library, for studies published in English or Spanish analysing nurses' perceptions on factors associated with the provision of individualized care. A total of 6,330 articles were retrieved, of which 13 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The provision of individualized care was influenced by the nurses' personal characteristics (academic training, being a specialist, age, professional experience, personal motivation, empathy and culture) and by organisational factors (staff ratio, routinization and standardization of care, autonomous professional practice, leadership and positive work environment). Nurses' perceptions on the provision of individualized care are influenced by their personal characteristics and organisational factors. Nurse managers may optimize personalization of care by encouraging positive work environments; ensuring adequate staffing; avoiding routinization or standardization of care; and promoting training, leadership and autonomy of nursing professionals.

Morbilidad materna en la unidad de cuidados intensivos en un hospital de Huancavelica, Perú

Objetivo: Determinar las características personales, obstétricas y clínicas de las pacientes que presentaron morbilidad materna extrema. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal, realizado en el Hospital Departamental de Huancavelica (Perú), donde se revisaron 94 historias clínicas de gestantes o puérperas atendidas en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) entre enero 2016 a diciembre 2018. Resultados: Las características personales de las pacientes con morbilidad materna extrema fueron; presentan una edad materna entre 20 a 34 años (53,2%), estado civil soltera (35,1%), grado de instrucción secundario (45,7%) y procedencia rural (63,8%). Respecto de las características obstétricas, presentaron una paridad de nulíparas y multíparas (26,6%), ≥ 6 controles prenatales (59,6%) y un periodo intergenésico adecuado (67,0%). Finalmente, las características clínicas más resaltantes de esta población fueron presentar preeclampsia severa (48,9%), shock hipovolémico (13.8%), síndrome de Hellp (12.8%), eclampsia (11.7%), aborto (5.3%), hemorragia posparto (3.2%) y shock séptico (3.2%). Conclusión: En mujeres con morbilidad materna extrema, más de la mitad tienen edades entre 20 a 34 años, la mayoría solteras; nivel secundario y proceden del área rural, nulíparas y multigestas, con más de 6 controles prenatales y tienen periodo intergenésico adecuado, finalmente la preeclampsia severa fue más frecuente.

Gastrointestinal complications in the late postoperative period after longitudinal resection of the stomach

Objective of the Paper. To update the problems of eating disorders and psychosocial characteristics of patients with morbid obesity and associated gastrointestinal complications after bariatric intervention in the late postoperative period.Key Points. Obesity is an urgent medical and social problem that increases the cost of medical care and worsens the quality of life of patients and requires lifelong treatment. In severe forms of obesity, surgical methods of treatment remain uncontested. The paper presents the literature data on the epidemiology of obesity, methods of treatment of morbid obesity, the risk of complications associated with bariatric surgery. We present our own observation of the clinical case, demonstrating the development of gastrointestinal complications that occurred in the patient in the late postoperative period, the main component of the development of which were non-compliance with the diet and diet after bariatric intervention and especially the psycho-social characteristics of the patient.Conclusion. In the treatment of gastrointestinal complications of surgical treatment of morbid obesity, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of eating behavior, violation of dietary recommendations, diet, personal characteristics of patients. Patients who have undergone bariatric surgery are recommended to be under the supervision of a multidisciplinary team of specialists with experience in the treatment of medical, psychological and gastroenterological side eff ects of bariatric surgery for life.

Towards a Person-Oriented Approach to Psychotherapy Research.

Common conclusions from traditional psychotherapy research are that we still do not know how or why even our most well-studied interventions produce change, and that there is little evidence that any form of psychotherapy is generally more effective than any other. This has led some researchers to the so-called Dodo Bird Verdict, that all forms of psychotherapy are equally effective, and to the conclusion that what is at work are “common factors” that have little to do with treatment method. An alternative explanation, however, is that the traditional research paradigm is insufficiently sensitive to provide us with the required kind of knowledge. First, the outcome in typical RCTs is averaged across individuals, and at best complemented by a search for predictors in the form of stable individual differences. This means that this research stays at a group level of analysis and is insensitive to variation and change in individual patients. Second, the independent variable in RCTs does not consist in any well-controlled psychological intervention, but in large-scale treatment packages that contain a large number of interventions over a considerable time period. In other words, this research is insensitive to the effects of specific treatment interventions. Third, traditional psychotherapy research is insensitive to the therapist and patient as individual persons, and their specific interaction. It is argued that a person-oriented approach to psychotherapy, which is idiographic, holistic and interactional, may be able to overcome some of these problems by being more sensitive to (1) the treatment course of individual patients, and patterns during that course; (2) the effects of the specific interventions that are implemented over time, and (3) the personal characteristics of patient and therapist, and nuances of their interaction.

Study of Phobic Manifestations and Anxiety in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease after Myocardial Infarction in View of Tasks of Psychological Rehabilitation

The study of the psycho-emotional features of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) is important for the development of psychological rehabilitation measures. In particular, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the experienced fears and anxiety states which can be manifested in patients after myocardial infarction (MI). Negative psycho-emotional experiences are known to influence the course and prognosis of the disease. Identification of the structure of phobic manifestations, anxiety and personal characteristics of patients is appropriate for optimizing psychodiagnostics and psychocorrection. The present research is aimed at studying the characteristics of phobic manifestations and the structure of anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) after myocardial infarction (MI), considering the dominant state, indicators of quality of life and personal characteristics. In the course of the present study 67 patients were surveyed with gender distribution of 12 women (18%) and 55 men (82%): patients of the Almazov National Medical Research Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation who had a history of myocardial infarction (up to 1 year) and had undergone myocardial revascularization. The average age of the patients was 58.95 years. Clinical interview and psychological testing (Dominant State Determining Method, Integrative Test of Anxiety, The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), The Big Five Personality Test) were used. In patients with CHD after MI with substantial fears the most frequently detected phobic manifestations are the fear of physical activity and the fears associated with the disease itself. In the group of patients with the presence of phobic manifestations more pronounced indicators of anxiety, lower indicators of quality of life (QoL) and emotional stability in the structure of personal characteristics were noted. When planning psychological rehabilitation for patients with CHD who have undergone MI, it is important to consider the likelihood of anxiety and phobic manifestations.

WHAT ARE THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE PATIENT AND THE PHYSICIAN?

In this review study, the factors affecting the interaction between the patient and the physician were investigated and the studies in this context were taken into consideration for evaluation. The results of the investigations showed that the factors such as values, beliefs and opinions, gender of physicians, cognitive characteristics, behavior of physicians, race and ethnicity, social styles of patients, health status, informed consent, physician image, personal characteristics of patients and patient relatives have a significant effect in this regard. In the studies we reviewed, important findings were found to be highlighted under these headings. In particular, it was found that female physicians establish more empathy, that physicians with better cognitive characteristics are more effective in interaction, that well-informing the patient is beneficial, that nonverbal communication should be given importance in addition to verbal communication, that a good communication should be established with patient relatives, and that patient beliefs should be taken into consideration. In addition, elderly patients, patients with low literacy levels, and male patients were found to have more trouble in the interaction with physicians.