Use Of Personal Care Products Research Articles

Influence of Biochar on Plant Uptake of Personal Care Products: Caffeine and Triclosan

The use of personal care products (PCPs) extends a person's longevity. Nonetheless, because of its uncontrolled burden on the environment, it is regarded as an emerging contaminant. The goal of this research is to determine the influence of cinnamon wood biochar (CWBC) on plant uptake of caffeine (CFN) and triclosan (TRI) from the soil. Ipomeoa aquatica was cultivated for 4 weeks in soil with a 2.5% CWBC amendment and spiked with 100 mg/kg CFN and 200 mg/kg TRI. Ultra- High-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) was used to quantify the CFN and TRI in the plant. The surface morphology of CWBC was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area. The gasification of biomass which increased the CWBC's surface area to 589 m2/g, due to the development of a porous structure. The CFN accumulated more in the shoot of the plant whereas TRI accumulated in the root. The addition of 2.5% CWBC significantly (p<0.05) decreased the root and shoot accumulation of CFN by 40.4% and 70.9%, whilst those for TRI by 38.9% and 19.9%, respectively. The relative bioconcentration factors (RBF) of CFN and TRI in shoot and root was calculated by the ratio of bioconcentration factor (BCF) using RBF=〖BCF(CWBC amended soil)⁄〖BCF_soil and the results suggested that the addition of 2.5% CWBC decrease the RBF below the one indicating the effectiveness of CWBC towards mitigating the plant uptake of PCPs. Overall, the present study suggested the application of biochar to soil significantly decreased the plant uptake of PCPs, thus, can reduce the potential risk caused by the unintentional consumption of contaminated vegetables. 
 Keywords: Personal Care Products, Soil amendment, Health risk, Plant uptake

Personal Care Products, Socioeconomic Status, and Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Mixtures in Black Women.

Personal care products (PCPs) are sources of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) among women, and socioeconomic status (SES) may influence these exposures. Black women have inequitable exposure to EDCs from PCP use, but no study has investigated how exposure to EDCs through PCPs may vary by SES, independent of race. Using data from the Study of Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids, a cohort of reproductive-aged Black women (n = 751), we quantified associations between PCPs and urinary biomarker concentrations of EDC mixtures (i.e., phthalates, phenols, parabens) within SES groups, defined using k-modes clustering based on education, income, marital status, and employment. Information about PCP use and SES was collected through questionnaires and interviews. We used principal component analysis to characterize the EDC mixture profiles. Stratified linear regression models were fit to assess associations between PCP use and EDC mixture profiles, quantified as mean differences in PC scores, by SES group. Associations between PCP use and EDC mixture profiles varied by SES group; e.g., vaginal powder use was associated with a mixture of phenols among lower SES women, whereas this association was null for higher SES women. Findings suggest that SES influences PCP EDC exposure in Black women, which has implications for public health interventions.

Personal Care Product Use during Puberty and Incident Breast Cancer among Black, Hispanic/Latina, and White Women in a Prospective US-Wide Cohort.

Some personal care products (PCPs) contain endocrine-disrupting chemicals that may affect breast cancer (BC) risk. Patterns of use vary by race and ethnicity. Use often starts in adolescence, when rapidly developing breast tissue may be more susceptible to environmental carcinogens. Few studies have examined associations of BC with PCP use during this susceptible window. We characterized race and ethnicity-specific patterns of PCP use at 10-13 years of age and estimated associations of use with incident BC. At enrollment (2003-2009), Sister Study participants ( Black, 2,104 Latina, and 39,312 White women) 35-74 years of age reported use of 37 "everyday" PCPs during the ages of 10-13 y (did not use, sometimes, or frequently used). We conducted race and ethnicity-specific latent class analyses to separately identify groups of women with similar patterns of beauty, hair, and skincare/hygiene product use. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations of identified PCP classes and single products with incident BC using Cox proportional hazards regression. During a mean follow-up time of 10.8 y, 280 Black, 128 Latina, and 3,137 White women were diagnosed with BC. Classes of adolescent PCP use were not clearly associated with BC diagnosis among Black, Latina, or White women. HRs were elevated but imprecise for frequent nail product and perfume use in Black women (1.34; 95% CI: 0.85, 2.12) and greater hair product use in Black (1.28; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.80) and Latina (1.42; 95% CI: 0.81, 2.48) women compared with lighter use. In single-product models, we observed higher BC incidence associated with frequent use of lipstick, nail products, pomade, perfume, makeup remover, and acne/blemish products in at least one group. This work provides some support for the hypothesis that PCP use during puberty is associated with BC risk. More research is needed to confirm these novel findings. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13882.

Wastewater contaminants in a fractured bedrock aquifer and their potential use as enteric virus indicators.

Domestic wastewater is a source of persistent organic pollutants and pathogens to the aquatic environment, including groundwater aquifers. Wastewater contaminants include a variety of personal care products, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disrupters, bacteria, and viruses. Groundwater from 22 wells completed in a semi-confined to confined, fractured Silurian dolostone aquifer in southern Wellington County, Ontario, Canada, was analyzed for 14 organic wastewater contaminants (4 artificial sweeteners, 10 pharmaceuticals) as well as E. coli, total coliforms, and 6 human enteric viruses. Enteric viruses were detected in 8.6% of 116 samples, and at least one organic wastewater contaminant was detected in 82% of the wells (in order of decreasing detection frequency: acesulfame, ibuprofen, sulfamethoxazole, triclosan, carbamazepine, and saccharin). Virus indicator metrics [positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV), sensitivity, specificity] were calculated at the sample and well level for the organic wastewater compounds, E. coli, and total coliforms. Fecal bacteria were not good predictors of virus presence (PPV = 0%-8%). Of the potential chemical indicators, triclosan performed the best at the sample level (PPV = 50%, NPV = 100%), and ibuprofen performed the best at the well level (PPV = 60%, NPV = 67%); however, no samples had triclosan or ibuprofen concentrations above their practical quantification limits. Therefore, none of the compounds performed sufficiently well to be considered reliable for assessing the potential threat of enteric viruses in wastewater-impacted groundwater in this bedrock aquifer. Future studies need to evaluate the indicator potential of persistent organic wastewater contaminants in different types of aquifers, especially in fractured rock where heterogeneity is strong.IMPORTANCEAssessing the potential risk that human enteric viruses pose in groundwater aquifers used for potable water supply is complicated by several factors, including: (i) labor-intensive methods for the isolation and quantification of viruses in groundwater, (ii) the temporal variability of these viruses in domestic wastewater, and (iii) their potentially rapid transport in the subsurface, especially in fractured rock aquifers. Therefore, aquifer risk assessment would benefit from the identification of suitable proxy indicators of enteric viruses that are easier to analyze and less variable in wastewater sources. Traditional fecal indicators (e.g., E. coli and coliforms) are generally poor indicators of enteric viruses in groundwater. While many studies have examined the use of pharmaceutical and personal care products as tracers of domestic wastewater and fecal pollution in the environment, there is a paucity of data on the potential use of these chemical tracers as enteric virus indicators, especially in groundwater.

Personal care product use patterns in association with phthalate and replacement biomarkers across pregnancy

BackgroundHumans are exposed to phthalates, a class of non-persistent chemicals, through multiple products, including personal care and cosmetics. Associations between specific phthalates and product use have been inconsistent. However, determining these connections could provide avenues for exposure reduction.ObjectiveExamine the association between patterns of personal care product use and associations with phthalate and replacement biomarkers.MethodsIn the Human Placenta and Phthalates Study, 303 women were enrolled in early pregnancy and followed for up to 8 visits across gestation. At each visit, women completed a questionnaire about product use in the prior 24 hours and contributed urine samples, subsequently analyzed for 18 phthalate and replacement metabolites. At early, mid-, and late pregnancy, questionnaire responses were condensed and repeated metabolite concentrations were averaged. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to determine groups of women with similar use patterns, and weighted associations between group membership and biomarker concentrations were assessed.ResultsLCA sorted women into groups which largely corresponded to: (1) low fragranced product use (16-23% of women); (2) fragranced product and low body wash use (22–26%); 3) fragranced product and low bar soap use (26–51%); and (4) low product use (7–34%). Monoethyl phthalate (MEP) urinary concentrations were 7–10% lower and concentrations of summed di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate metabolites were 15–21% lower among women in the “low fragranced product use” group compared to the population mean. Few other consistent associations between group and biomarker concentrations were noted.Impact statementPersonal care products and cosmetics are a known exposure source for phthalates and potentially represent one of the most accessible intervention targets for exposure reduction. However, in this analysis accounting for concurrent use and fragranced status of products, we did not find any use patterns that corresponded to universally lower levels.

Relationship between the use of hair products and urine benzophenone-3: the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 4.

Benzophenone-3 is a type of ketone with 2 benzene rings attached to a carbonyl group (C=O) and one benzene ring attached to a hydroxyl group (-OH). As an endocrine-disrupting chemical, benzophenone-3 is known to be associated with reproductive, developmental, thyroid, and endocrine toxicities. Benzophenone-3 is commonly used in hair products, cosmetics, and ultraviolet (UV) filters because of its characteristic property to absorb UV light. This study aims to investigate the association between the use of hair products and urine benzophenone-3 using the data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 4 (2018-2020), which represents the Korean population. Using the KoNEHS cycle 4 survey, the data of 3,796 adults aged ≥ 19 years were analyzed. Based on the 75th percentile concentration of urine benzophenone-3, the participants were divided into the low- and high-concentration groups. Chi-square test was conducted to analyze the association of urine benzophenone-3 with distribution of general characteristics, use of personal care products, consumption of marine foods, and use of plastic products as the variable. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the high-concentration group of urine benzophenone-3 based on the use of hair products. Women with < 6 times or ≥ 6 times of hair product usage had significantly higher adjusted ORs compared to those who did not use hair products. The calculated ORs were 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.38) for women with < 6 times of usage and 1.54 (95% CI: 1.33-1.79) for women with ≥ 6 times of usage. This study revealed the association between the use of hair products and the concentration of urine benzophenone-3 in the general Korean population.

O-Vacancy-Rich ε-MnO2 Synthesized at Hydrophobic Interface: An Efficient Fenton-like Catalyst for Removing Ciprofloxacin from Water

The widespread use of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in many fields has brought convenience to human lives but has also caused unavoidable environmental pollution issues. In particular, the resistance gene problem resulting from accumulating antibiotics that cannot be fully absorbed by biological individuals has been a concern; thus, it is urgent to find efficient technologies to boost the degradation efficiency of antibiotics in the environment. Here, an ε-MnO2 catalyst was prepared by a novel droplet-interface-drying method and utilized as a Fenton-like catalyst for efficiently degrading ciprofloxacin (CIP). The ε-MnO2 shell was formed preferentially at the gas–liquid interface and then continued to decompose into ε-MnO2 with abundant O vacancies in the air-insulated microcavity. The XPS result confirms that this particular preparation method can regulate the content of O vacancies in the material. Compared with ε-MnO2 samples obtained by the direct drying method (ε-MnO2-B), the catalytic performance of ε-MnO2 prepared by the droplet-interface-drying method (ε-MnO2-P) is significantly improved. By activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) with the ε-MnO2-P catalyst, the CIP degradation efficiency can reach 84.1%. The detection and analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ε-MnO2-P/PMS oxidation system confirms that ·OH, SO4·− and 1O2 are the main ROS for CIP degradation. This study highlights the creation of miniature hypoxic space to regulate the content of O vacancies in ε-MnO2, providing a new idea for the synthesis of other O-vacancy-rich materials.

Beauty Beware: Associations between Perceptions of Harm and Safer Hair-Product-Purchasing Behaviors in a Cross-Sectional Study of Adults Affiliated with a University in the Northeast.

(1) Background: Widespread personal care product (PCP) use can expose individuals to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) associated with adverse health outcomes. This study investigated the association between harm perceptions and hair-product-purchasing behaviors in adults enrolled in a cross-sectional study. (2) Methods: Respondents rated their agreement with five PCP-related harm statements using a five-point Likert scale. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between harm perceptions with hair-product-purchasing behaviors and hair product use (i.e., number of products used). (3) Results: Among 567 respondents (non-Hispanic White, 54.9%; non-Hispanic Black, 9.5%; Hispanic/Latinx, 10.1%; Asian American/Pacific Islander, 20.1%; and multiracial/other, 5.5%), stronger harm perceptions around PCP use were associated with potentially "safer" hair-product-purchasing behaviors. Respondents who strongly agreed that consumers should be concerned about the health effects of PCPs had more than fourfold increased odds of always/usually using healthy product apps (OR 4.10, 95% CI: 2.04-8.26); reading ingredient labels (OR 4.53, 95% CI: 2.99-6.87); and looking for natural, non-toxic, or eco-friendly product labels (OR 4.53, 95% CI: 2.99-6.88) when buying hair products. (4) Conclusions: Promoting environmental health literacy and raising awareness of potential PCP use-related harms might encourage healthier hair product use behaviors.

Eco-friendly monitoring of triclosan as an emerging antimicrobial environmental contaminant utilizing electrochemical sensors modified with CNTs nanocomposite transducer layer.

Environmental appearance of antimicrobials due to frequent use of personal care products as recommended by WHO can cause serious flare-up of antimicrobial resistance. In this work, three eco-friendly microfabricated copper solid-state sensors were developed for measuring triclosan in water. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were incorporated in sensor 2 and 3 as hydrophobic conductive inner layer. Meanwhile, β-cyclodextrin was incorporated in sensor 3 as an ionophore for selective binding of TCS in presence of interfering compounds. The obtained linear responses of sensors 1, 2 and 3 were (1 × 10- 8-1 × 10- 3M), (1 × 10- 9-1 × 10- 3M) and (1 × 10- 10- 1 × 10- 3M), respectively. Limit of detection was 9.87 × 10- 9M, 9.62 × 10- 10M, and 9.94 × 10- 11M, respectively. The miniaturized sensors were utilized for monitoring of triclosan in water samples.

The cost of beauty: Perspectives of salon workers in Kisumu City, Kenya.

Despite occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in cosmetics and personal care products (PCPs), salon workers receive minimal formal protections. Consequently, most salon workers rely on personal safeguards. However, the nature of such individual-level safeguards remains unknown. Knowledge of risks associated with occupational use of cosmetics and PCPs and information needs of salon workers were investigated in Kisumu City, Kenya. Responses from 302 respondents showed that 84% were women and 30% had post-secondary education. Seventy percent reported knowing that ingestion, inhalation, dermal absorption, and injection are the pathways through which harmful products in cosmetics and PCPs may enter the body. Salon workers who had been employed for more than 5 years were at least twice more likely to report that it is not the case that cosmetics and PCPs only cause harm to children (5-10 years vs 1 year: OR = 2.440, 95% CI, 1.160-5.239; >10 years vs 1 year: OR = 8.857, 95% CI, 3.163-29.377); they were about three times more likely to either agree with the statement that cosmetics and PCPs only cause harm under prolonged exposure or to say that they did not know compared to their counterparts who had worked in the industry for 1 year (5-10 years vs 1 year: OR = 2.750, 95% CI, 1.144-7.179; >10 years vs 1 year: 3.179, 95% CI, 1.173-9.096). Over 50% of the respondents reported that they need information on how to protect themselves and others; on available protective measures; and on cosmetic products and PCPs that are safe. Sixty percent reported that they would prefer to get such information from the Ministry of Health at the county or national level and on product inserts. Overall, salon workers in Kisumu City are knowledgeable about the risks associated with their occupation but also appreciate gaps in their knowledge, which can be filled by government-mandated interventions.

Repeat-exposure in vitro protocol to assess the risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development from use of personal care products: Case study using an antibacterial liquid handwash

The global crisis we are facing with regard to antibiotic resistance has been largely attributed to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in healthcare and agriculture. However, there is also growing global concern about cross-resistance between biocides and antibiotics. This has made clear the need for more research in this area along with easy-to-perform, but realistic, methods to characterise the potential risk associated with cross-resistance to antibiotics due to biocide use. The primary aim of this work was to develop a repeat-exposure method for predicting bacterial resistance to microbicides, including their cross-resistance to antibiotics. Realism is incorporated in the presented protocol through the use of relevant concentrations and contact times, validated neutralisers, appropriate test organisms and repeat-exposures. The protocol can be applied to formulated microbicides, as shown in the liquid handwash case study presented here. Five bacterial strains were included in the study: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 and Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541. The protocol parameters used in the case study reflected a worst-case exposure scenario (in terms of contact time and concentration). The results demonstrated that repeated exposure to the liquid handwash would not be expected to lead to development of bacterial resistance or cross-resistance to antibiotics. It is envisaged that this protocol could be used by manufacturers of microbicidal formulations to assess whether repeated use of the test products would contribute to bacterial resistance development or cross-resistance to antibiotics.

Comparison of aggregated exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from diet and personal care products with concentrations in blood using a PBPK model – Results from the Norwegian biomonitoring study in EuroMix

BackgroundPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a large group of compounds that are water, stain, and oil repellent. Numerous sources contribute to the blood levels of PFAS in the European population. The main contributor for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is food, house dust, consumer products and personal care products (PCPs). ObjectivesThe purpose of the present work is to calculate the dietary and dermal external exposure to PFOA, estimate the aggregated internal exposure from diet and PCPs using a PBPK model, and compare estimates with measured concentrations. MethodsDetailed information on diet and PCP use from the EuroMix study is combined with concentration data of PFOA in food and PCPs in a probabilistic exposure assessment. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) was further refined by incorporating a dermal exposure pathway, and changes in the kidney and faecal excretion. ResultsThe aggregated internal exposure using the PBPK model shows that the major contributor to the internal exposure is diet for both males and females. The estimated internal exposure of PFOA for the EuroMix population was in the same range but lower than the measured blood concentrations using the lower bound (LB) external exposure estimates, showing that the LB estimates are underestimations. For seven females the internal exposure of PFOA were higher from PCPs than from diet. ConclusionPCPs and diet contributed in the same range to the internal PFOA exposure for several women participating in EuroMix. This calls for additional studies on exposure to PFOA and possibly other PFAS from PCPs, especially for women. Overall, PBPK modelling was shown as valuable tool in understanding the sources of PFOA exposure and in guiding risk assessments and regulatory decisions.

Occurrence, time trends, and human exposure of siloxanes and synthetic musk compounds in indoor dust from Korean homes

Siloxanes and synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) have been widely used as additives in household and personal care products. Humans are easily exposed to siloxanes and SMCs originating from these products through ingestion and dermal absorption of indoor dust. In the present study, indoor dust samples were analyzed for 19 siloxanes (cyclic and linear) and 12 SMCs (polycyclic, macrocyclic, and nitro musks) to assess their occurrence, time trends over time, source, and health risks. A total of 18 siloxanes and 10 SMCs were detected in all indoor dust samples obtained from 2011⎯2021, indicating widespread and long-term contamination. Higher detection frequencies and concentrations were associated with siloxanes and SMCs with higher use and strong resistance against degradation processes. Indoor dust samples were dominated by linear siloxanes (L11–L13), 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-(g)-2-benzopyran (HHCB), musk ketone (MK), and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN). The frequent use of household and personal care products is likely an important source of siloxane and SMC contamination in indoor environments. The concentrations of siloxanes and SMCs in indoor dust increased from 2011 to 2021, particularly, those of linear siloxanes, reflecting the impact of regulatory actions addressing cyclic siloxanes. The profiles of siloxanes remained stable throughout the study period, whereas those of SMCs shifted from nitro to polycyclic musks. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of siloxanes and SMCs arising from ingestion were greater than from dermal absorption of indoor dust. The EDIs of siloxanes and SMCs associated with indoor dust indicated that children are exposed to these pollutants.

A novel method for spatial allocation of volatile chemical products emissions: A case study of the Pearl River Delta

The spatial allocation of volatile chemical products (VCPs) emissions is often inaccurate, which hampers the evaluation and improvement of models and the study of urban secondary pollution and exposure risk. This work developed a 1 km grid spatial allocation factors dataset based on the actual emission characteristics of each VCPs sector. For the industrial VCPs sector, we used industrial output per unit firm as the spatial allocation factors. For the non-industrial VCPs sector, we used specific datasets (e.g., GDP (Gross Domestic Product) for personal care products use, etc.) as the spatial allocation factors. Our work accounted for the high emission characteristics of industrial point sources and the dependence conditions of non-industrial VCPs use. Using this methodology, we developed a 1 km gridded emission inventory (denoted by Mo-E) of VCPs in the Pearl River Delta (PRD, Excluding Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) and Macau SAR) region in 2017. The results show that the non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) emissions of VCPs in the PRD region in 2017 were 1046.7 Kt, with coatings (567.3 Kt) and personal care products (225.5 Kt) being the key sectors for emission control. Different cities in the PRD region have different VCPs control strategies. The industrial VCPs sector was the dominant VCPs emitter in high-emitting cities (64.9%–72.2%), while the non-industrial VCPs sector was the main contributor in low-emitting cities (43.3%–58.4%). More VCPs emissions were allocated to medium-population-density areas (37.6% higher than before) and within 3 km of the urban-rural fringe (41.4% higher than before), compared with the spatial characteristics of VCPs emissions from Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC), due to the relocation of industrial VCPs enterprises and the architectural activities during urban expansion. Meanwhile, the uniform distribution pattern caused by population density allocation in these areas was corrected, and the point-source high-emission feature was tracked. The VCPs emissions in high-population-density areas were overestimated (31.4%), with personal care products (57.9%) as the main emission sources in these areas. We compared the Mo-E inventory with an inventory (Mo-M) derived using MEIC's spatial allocation factors, and found a maximum difference in emissions per unit grid of +14,602 t and a minimum of −880 t. Finally, we discuss the uncertainties in the emissions from each VCP sector (±30–80%) and the spatial emission patterns, which resulted from the spatial allocation dataset (±10.4–20%) and the spatial analysis methods (−6.9-+7.8%).

Organic ultraviolet absorbents in soils and typical plants from an industrial metropolis in China: Concentrations, profiles and environmental implications

There is accumulating evidence of the toxicity of organic ultraviolet absorbers (OUVAs); however, limited information is available regarding the presence of OUVAs in terrestrial environments and organisms. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of 11 OUVAs in soils and typical plant species from an industrial metropolis in China. Total OUVA concentrations in soils ranged from 1.30 to 80.3 ng g−1 DW. Based on comparison with previously reported data, OUVA contamination in soil was not severe. Benzophenone and octocrylene were the dominant OUVAs in soils, with median contributions to total concentrations of 25% and 15%, respectively. Source assessment revealed that the observed OUVA contamination primarily originated from industrial activities and the use of personal care products. The concentration of 11 OUVAs in plants ranged from 159 to 4470 ng g−1 DW, at high levels. Our findings imply that great attention should be given to the presence of these chemicals in plants because of the risk they could pose as well as the potential for biomagnification as plants are eaten by insects and birds. Our results also indicate the necessity to further study the geochemical behavior of these chemicals in urban ecosystems in order to better manage the harmfulness to terrestrial ecological health caused by their exposure through the food chains.

Personal care product use and perfluoroalkyl substances in pregnant and postpartum women and adolescents in the United States and Canada

Personal care product use and perfluoroalkyl substances in pregnant and postpartum women and adolescents in the United States and Canada

Developmental and reproductive toxicity hazard characterization of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP).

2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP™) is a widely used pH stabilizer in personal care products (PCPs); thus, the safety implications of dermal AMP exposure remain of interest. We have previously reported that exposure to AMP in PCPs when used as intended is not anticipated to result in an increased risk of hepatotoxicity (primarily steatosis and altered phospholipid homeostasis). The current study focuses on AMP in PCP's potential for developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) in humans, based on data from animal studies. Animal studies suggest that exposure to AMP can result in post-implantation loss. However, such effects occur at maternally toxic doses, posing a challenge for determining appropriate hazard classifications in the context of relevant consumer use scenarios. Our assessment concluded that human exposure to AMP in PCPs is not anticipated to result in DART at non-maternally toxic doses. Further, mode of action (MOA) analysis elucidated the potential biological pathways underlying DART effects observed in high-dose animal studies, such that perturbation of uterine choline synthesis was the most well-supported MOA hypothesis. Downstream uterine effects might reflect choline-dependent changes in epigenetic control of pathways important for implantation maintenance and uterine cell energetics. Since AMP-induced post-implantation loss occurs at doses higher than pathology related to liver toxicity, maintaining AMP exposures from exceeding the onset dose for maternal liver effects will also be protective of DART effects. Furthermore, dermal exposure to AMP expected from the use of PCPs is highly unlikely to result in toxicologically significant systemic AMP concentrations; thus, DART is not anticipated.

42380 FFA and Personal Care Product Use, An Investigation into Hair Styling and Stratified Gender Analysis of Facial Sunscreen and Moisturizer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

42380 FFA and Personal Care Product Use, An Investigation into Hair Styling and Stratified Gender Analysis of Facial Sunscreen and Moisturizer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

LP-62: Is the use of plastic products and personal care products associated with increased body weight in sensitive subpopulations of women with premature menopause and ovarian cancer?

LP-62: Is the use of plastic products and personal care products associated with increased body weight in sensitive subpopulations of women with premature menopause and ovarian cancer?

Does the use of organic personal care products persuade sustainable consumption behaviour? Understanding the moderating role of health consciousness

PurposeEarlier, the consumption of products was based mainly on their utilitarian benefits, but at present, the love for nature has driven consumers towards products not harming the environment and society. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the influence of consumers' attitudes towards organic personal care products on brand love, brand trust, altruism and sustainable consumption behaviour. Furthermore, the study further examines the impact of sustainable consumption behaviour on continuous purchase intention using health consciousness as a moderator. Finally, the study validates Behavioural Reasoning Theory and the emotional affinity towards nature to understand the proposed claims.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from 364 respondents from India. Only those respondents were included in the survey who had prior experience of using organic personal care products. This study used the structural equation modelling approach to test the conceptual model.FindingsResults of the study confirmed the positive influence of consumer attitude on brand love, brand trust and altruism. Brand love and altruism had a significant impact on sustainable consumption behaviour. Health consciousness also emerged as a moderating variable between sustainable consumption behaviour and continuous intention. Interestingly, the brand trust had no impact on sustainable consumption behaviour. Furthermore, sustainable consumption behaviour had a significant impact on continuous intention.Originality/valueThe study is helpful to organic product companies, practitioners, academicians, environment protection agencies and market regulatory authorities as it gives fresh insight into the new collective relationship of consumer attitude with brand love, brand trust, altruism and sustainable consumption behaviour in case of organic personal care products.