Personal Beliefs Research Articles

Pupils' inclusion as a process of narrative interactions: tackling ADHD typification through MADIT methodology

BackgroundADHD is the most common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder. The symptomatology makes the management of ADHD particularly demanding in school, so teachers’ training programs have been widely implemented. Nevertheless, these interventions could lead teachers to concentrate on the dysfunctional elements of these students, exposing them to the risk of stigmatisation. Conceptualising stigma and inclusion as narrative processes, the present study observed how teacher ADHD training texts, endorsed by the Italian government, impact on the inclusion process of students.MethodsThe research analysed a corpus of N = 31,261 text occurrences and focused on three areas: (1) ADHD as a clinical condition; (2) the impact of ADHD characteristics in the scholastic setting; (3) interventions to manage ADHD criticalities in school settings. To observe the interactive processes fostered by the narratives under scrutiny, we used Dialogic Science and MADIT methodology, since they allow us to measure the language use modalities through an index: the Dialogical Weight (dW). The value of dW ranges between 0.1 (min) and 0.9 (max) and is linked to the potential outcomes of inclusion for students with ADHD. A low dW accounts for narratives entrenched in personal beliefs presented as absolute truths, undermining inclusion of students with ADHD. In contrast, high dW signals language interaction relying on sharable elements, able to foster social unity and diminish stigma.ResultsThe results yielded a critical discursive configuration, both in general and for the three distinct areas. We measured an overall Dialogical Weight of 0.4dW and, for the three areas (1) = 0.3dW; (2) = 0.3dW; (3) = 0.4dW. The analysed text does not maximise the triggering of inclusive interactions, as they rely on individual references and present one’s narrative as the sole plausible perspective: reinforcing already existing positions and exposing to the risk of stereotyping of the pupils.ConclusionsThe study highlighted how the ADHD training materials analysed, focusing on a purely informational and clinical approach, lose in effectiveness with respect to generating inclusive school settings. Finally, to promote the inclusion of these pupils, elements are offered for outlining an approach based on fostering active participation by all roles involved.

Is the Role of Judges and Ideas About Justice Relevant in the Exercise of Interpretation?

The role of judges and ideas about justice are undeniably relevant in the exercise of interpretation within legal systems. This abstract explores the significance of judges' roles and justice concepts in interpretation, shedding light on their impact on judicial decision-making and legal outcomes. Judges, as impartial arbiters of the law, are tasked with interpreting statutes, regulations, and precedent to resolve disputes and administer justice fairly. However, their interpretations are inevitably influenced by their personal beliefs, values, and understandings of justice, shaping the outcomes of cases and the development of legal principles. Moreover, ideas about justice, such as fairness, equity, and societal values, inform judges' interpretations and guide their application of legal principles to specific cases. The tension between legal formalism and judicial discretion underscores the complexity of interpretation, as judges balance the need for consistency and predictability with the demands of justice and fairness. Ultimately, the role of judges and ideas about justice play a crucial role in the exercise of interpretation, shaping legal reasoning, judicial decision-making, and the evolution of the law.

What makes advance care planning discussion so difficult? A systematic review of the factors of advance care planning in healthcare settings.

Existing systematic reviews related to advance care planning (ACP) largely focus on specific groups and intervention efficacy or are limited to contextual factors. This research aims to identify the modifiable factors perceived by different users of ACP in healthcare settings and inform healthcare professionals about the factors affecting ACP practice. Five English-language databases (ProQuest, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, and Medline) and two Chinese-language databases (CNKI and NCL) were searched up to November 2022. Empirical research identifying factors related to ACP in healthcare settings was included. ACP is defined as a discussion process on future end-of-life care. Thematic synthesis was performed on all included studies. A total of 1871 unique articles were screened; the full texts of 193 were assessed by 4 reviewers, and 45 articles were included for analysis. Twenty-two (54%) studies were qualitative, 15 (33%) were quantitative, and 6 (13%) used mixed methods. Foci varied from 28 (62%) studies on a single subject group (either patient, family, or physician), 11 (25%) on 2 subject groups (either patient and family or patient and healthcare professional), and 6 (13%) covered 3 subject groups (patient, family, and healthcare professional). Among the 17 studies involving more than 1 subject group, only 2 adopted a dyadic lens in analysis. Complex interwoven factors were categorized into (1) intrapersonal factors, (2) interpersonal factors, and (3) socio-environmental factors, with a total of 11 themes: personal belief, emotions, the burden on others, timing, responsiveness, relationship, family dynamics, experience, person taking the lead, culture, and support. Patients, families, and healthcare professionals are the essential stakeholders of ACP in healthcare settings. Factors are interweaved among the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and socio-environmental dimensions. Research is warranted to examine the dynamic interactions of the 3 essential stakeholders from a multidimensional perspective, and the mechanism of the interweaving of factors.

“I am agnostic, not atheist”: The role of open-minded, prosocial, and believing dispositions

ABSTRACT Does agnosticism versus atheism reflect only epistemic or deeper personality and other individual differences? Following a previous study in Belgium, we investigated this question among 537 UK adults, self-identified as Christian, agnostic, or atheist. Agnostics were midway between religionists and atheists on prosocial dispositions (agreeableness, belief in world’s benevolence), outcomes of intuitive thinking (paranormal beliefs, religiosity), and non-theistic forms of spirituality; and showed greater openness to experience and weaker convictional self-identification than atheists. Personality uniquely, beyond religious socialization, predicted agnosticism versus atheism. Spirituality denoted, across all three groups, connectedness with the world, interest in the paranormal, and life satisfaction; among nonbelievers, personal belief in a just-world; and prosocial dispositions and openness to experience among agnostics and Christians but not atheists.

People's experiences of their involvement in nursing care: a systematic review protocol.

People's involvement and participation are the essential basis of nursing care. This phenomenon can be characterised as an approach based on the integration of the person's values, beliefs, and preferences during nursing care. This process contributes to improve the quality of care, satisfaction levels, and a better experience for people. To promote the person's participation in nursing care, it is necessary to better understand their experiences about this topic. To synthesise the available evidence on people's experiences of their involvement and participation in nursing care in a hospital setting. A systematic review that will be conducted according to the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. The study selection, critical appraisal, and data extraction will be conducted by two independent reviewers. This review will consider studies with a qualitative approach, published and unpublished, in Portuguese, English and Spanish with no temporal limit, that include adults, aged 18 years or older, who have experienced an admission in a hospital; that explore people's experiences of their involvement and participation in nursing care in hospital wards settings. Findings will be presented using meta-aggregation approach and narrative format, and the final synthesised findings will be graded according to the ConQual approach. It is expected that this qualitative synthesis will inform people, health professionals and policymakers, allowing them to develop recommendations to promote the person's participation in nursing care.

CHILDHOOD FEARS AS CAUSES OF STEREOTYPICAL HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN ADULTHOOD. CONTINUATION PRACTICES

Relevance. New unpredictable challenges occur every day, generating fear of terrorist attacks, energy disasters. To quickly adapt to the new realities of life, it is necessary to become as whole, psychologically stable and flexible as possible. The confessional tools for this human psyche are required. One of them is meditation. Purpose of the report: to statistically substantiate the influence of the author's meditation program on overcoming stereotypical behavior of adults caused by their childhood fears and to demonstrate the development of their psychological flexibility. Methodology. Sampl: the experimental (EG) and control (CG) groups of 34 people (21-w,13-m), (age - 21-53), who had similar socio-demographic characteristics and psychological problems Methods: Five-factor Meindfulness Questionnaire FFMQ; Scales of anxiety and worries STAI; Ambiguity Tolerance Scale MSTAT-I; New Uncertainty Tolerance Questionnaire (NTN, Kornilova T.V. ); SPB Personal Beliefs Survey; PBQ-BPD Dysfunctional Beliefs Questionnaire; K. Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale; SCL-90-R Symptomatic Questionnaire; author's Child and Current Fear Scale for Adults. Results. The effectiveness of the author's program of mastering skills of decentered and impartial observation, conscious choice of cognitive and emotional reactions, abilities to "let go" and unresponsiveness has been proved. Such tools of conscious presence of program participants expanded their adaptive resources and improved psychological well-being. The regulatory effects related to the reduction of fears and anxiety occurred at the level of metacognitive functions of their consciousness.

Understanding Crisis Preparedness: Insights from Personal Values, Beliefs, Social Norms, and Personal Norms

In disasters and crises, crisis preparation at the household level is crucial for societal resilience. However, motivating citizens to take personal responsibility and to implement preparedness measures remains challenging. This study investigates the impact of values, beliefs and norms on preparedness. Through a survey in Germany on resource-oriented crisis preparedness and participants’ values, a group of more prepared and less prepared individuals was differentiated. We quantitatively analyzed the correlation between values and crisis preparedness. A quantitative analysis revealed a significant association between the value of benevolence and higher preparedness. Follow-up interviews (N=30) explored participants' beliefs and norms, showing minimal group differences. Although crisis preparedness is generally viewed positively, strong negativity exists towards perceived “hoarders”. The study discusses implication for crisis communication and the design of nudges and persuasive systems, emphasizing intervention that can trigger benevolence to foster preparedness and appeal to the social benefits to counter the narrative of anti-social crisis preparedness.

A comprehensive qualitative investigation of the factors that affect surgical site infection prevention in cardiac surgery in England using observations and interviews

Interview and questionnaire studies have identified barriers and challenges to preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) by focusing on compliance with recommendations and care bundles using interviews, questionnaires and expert panels. This study proposes a more comprehensive investigation by using observations of clinical practice plus interviews which will enable a wider focus. To comprehensively identify the factors which affect SSI prevention using cardiac surgery as an exemplar. One hundred and thirty hours of observed clinical practice followed by individual semi-structured interviews with 16 surgeons, anaesthetists, theatre staff and nurses at four cardiac centres in England. Data were analysed thematically. The factors were complex and existed at the level of the intervention, the individual, the team, the organisation and even the wider society. Factors included: the attributes of the intervention; the relationship between evidence, personal beliefs and perceived risk; power and hierarchy; leadership and culture; resources; infrastructure; supplies; organisation and planning; patient engagement and power; hospital administration; workforce shortages; Covid-19 pandemic; 'Brexit'; and the war in Ukraine. This is one of the first studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the factors affecting SSI prevention. The factors are complex and need to be fully understood when trying to reduce SSIs. A strong evidence-base was insufficient to ensure implementation of an intervention.

Factors Influencing the Self-management of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: A Meta-synthesis of Qualitative Studies.

Patients with breast cancer have an estimated 14% to 60% risk of developing lymphedema after treatment. Self-management behavior strategies regarding lymphedema are essential in preventing and alleviating the severity of lymphedema. The aim of this study was to evaluate qualitative research evidence on the potential influencing factors for self-management behaviors of lymphedema in patients with breast cancer. A systematic search of 10 electronic databases was conducted to identify qualitative studies on patient experience of lymphedema self-management. The following databases were included and appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist: Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Med Online, and Chinese Biomedical Database. The literature search yielded 5313 studies, of which only 22 qualitative studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Five synthesized findings were derived encompassing personal characteristics, personal knowledge and experience, personal health beliefs, self-regulation skills and abilities, and social influences and support. Patients with breast cancer are confronted with many challenges when performing self-management of lymphedema. Therefore, it is important to recognize potential facilitators and barriers to further offer practical recommendations that promote self-management activities for lymphedema. Healthcare professionals should receive consistent training on lymphedema management. On the basis of individual patient characteristics, tailored education and support should be provided, including transforming irrational beliefs, and improving related knowledge and skills, with the aim to promote self-management behaviors with respect to lymphedema.

Comparing health systems readiness for integrating domestic violence services in Brazil, occupied Palestinian Territories, Nepal and Sri Lanka.

Domestic violence (DV) is a global prevalent health problem leading to adverse health consequences, yet health systems are often unprepared to address it. This article presents a comparative synthesis of the health system's pre-conditions necessary to enable integration of DV in health services in Brazil, Nepal, Sri Lanka and occupied Palestinian Territories (oPT). A cross-country, comparative analysis was conducted using a health systems readiness framework. Data collection involved multiple data sources, including qualitative interviews with various stakeholders; focus-group discussions with women; structured facility observations; and a survey with providers. Our findings highlight deficiencies in policy and practice that need to be addressed for an effective DV response. Common readiness gaps include unclear and limited guidance on DV, unsupportive leadership coupled with limited training and resources. Most providers felt unprepared, lacked guidance and felt unsupported and unprotected by managers and their health system. While in Brazil most providers felt they should respond to DV cases, many in Sri Lanka preferred not to. Such organizational and service delivery challenges, in turn, also affected how health providers responded to DV cases leaving them not confident, uncertain about their knowledge and unsure about their role. Furthermore, providers' personal beliefs and values on DV and gender norms also impacted their motivation and ability to respond, prompting some to become 'activists' while others were reluctant to intervene and prone to blame women. Our synthesis also pointed to a gap in women's use of health services for DV as they had low trust in providers. Our conceptual framework demonstrates the importance of having clear policies and highlights the need to engage leadership across every level of the system to reframe challenges and strengthen routine practices. Future research should also determine the ways in which women's understanding and needs related to DV help-seeking are addressed.

Understanding Religious Egocentrism

The exploration of religious egocentrism reveals its prevalence and significance within religious discourse, with implications for individual development and societal interactions. Rooted in early developmental stages and characterized by narcissism and self-centeredness, religious egocentrism influences perceptions of morality, relationships with others, and interpretations of divine concepts. Contrasting religious egocentrism with radicalism and extremism underscores nuanced distinctions in cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions. While religious radicalism shares certain traits with egocentrism, such as literal interpretations of sacred texts and emphasis on religious symbols, extremism diverges by glorifying violence and imposing personal beliefs on others. This delineation underscores the spectrum of religious orientations, ranging from egocentrism's self-centeredness to extremism's militant ideology.

Change in Medical Students' Attitudes Towards Family Planning After Pregnancy Counseling Panel Intervention [ID 2683614

INTRODUCTION: Abortion is one of the most commonly performed procedures in the United States, but abortion education is lacking in medical curricula. This study evaluates changes in medical students’ attitudes after a pregnancy counseling panel intervention during preclinical medical education. METHODS: Second-year medical students participated in a “Pregnancy Options Panel” with obstetrician–gynecologists, a pediatrician, and a social worker. Using a case study format, panelists guided discussion of appropriate care for a patient diagnosed with an unintended pregnancy. Two identical 19-item surveys were disseminated before and after the panel to assess students’ comfort/beliefs about pregnancy counseling and treatment. Statistical analyses were performed to compare responses. The study was IRB exempt. RESULTS: The class was composed of 366 students: 207 (60.5%) completed the pre-survey and 181 (49.5%) completed the post-survey. Students reported increased comfort when contemplating referral to an abortion provider, prescribing medication abortion, and performing a surgical abortion after the panel compared to before the panel (P<.01). Students were more likely to withhold disclosing their personal beliefs about abortion when counseling a pregnant patient (64.6% versus 42.3%; P<.01), felt more capable of counseling patients in a neutral manner (86.4% versus 71.6%; P<.01), and had a significant increase in preparedness to pregnancy options counseling (P<.01). CONCLUSION: Medical students felt more prepared to counsel patients without bias of their own beliefs after the pregnancy options counseling panel. Expert panels comprised of health professionals with diverse perspectives on pregnancy options can improve preclinical medical curriculum on the often-neglected topic of abortion.

Party Realignment: Ethnic Identity versus Egocentrism among Malaysian Voters

This study investigates the dynamics of voting intention concerning party realignment among voters in Malaysia using a Theory of Reasoned Action-based model. It delves into the roles of attitudes and subjective norms in shaping party preferences and aligns with quantitative methodology. A comprehensive self-administered survey questionnaire engaged 450 participants from diverse ethnic backgrounds in the Batang Kali State Constituency to elucidate party realignment complexities. They are chosen using stratified random sampling, based on a race proportion of 5:1:1. The findings reveal that voter attitudes wielded a more significant impact than subjective norms associated with ethnic identity. This outcome underscores the pivotal role of attitudes in influencing decision-making, while the influence of subjective norms remains limited. The research highlights the subjective norm's role in a multicultural context, clarifying that it is not the primary catalyst for party realignment. Instead, personal beliefs (people's egocentric behaviour) play a substantial role in shaping voter attitudes. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the interplay between subjective norms (ethnic identity), attitudes (egocentrism), and party realignment within Malaysia's diverse social landscape. Moreover, they hold significant implications for formulating effective political strategies and government policies within a multicultural society.

Exploring Homeschooling: In-depth Meta-Analysis of Its Impact on Learning Motivation and Factors Influencing Family Choices

This study examines the impact of homeschooling, an increasingly popular alternative education, on learning motivation and the factors influencing families' decisions to homeschool. Employing a meta-analytical approach, this study aims to synthesize existing literature on these topics, offering a comprehensive overview of current knowledge. A search conducted on the Web-of-Science database yielded 18 relevant studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The decision to homeschool is inherently intertwined with family choices, influenced by personal family beliefs and values, dissatisfaction with conventional schooling, special health conditions, and religious or moral guidance. These decisions often reflect diverse cultural and societal contexts, emphasizing the contextual nature of homeschooling choices. Overall, results indicate a significant positive impact of homeschooling on learning motivation, as it enhances students' engagement and learning interests. Additionally, the study incorporates a PRISMA diagram and a table outlining the characteristics of the incorporated studies. This meta-analysis provides an updated overview of the homeschooling phenomenon and its implications for future education and practice.

Spirituality, Religiosity and Personal Beliefs for a Sustainable Healthy Ageing

Spirituality, Religiosity and Personal Beliefs for a Sustainable Healthy Ageing

Challenges in genetic screening for inherited endocrinopathy affecting the thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands in Singapore.

Significant progress has been made in the understand-ing of many human diseases, especially cancers, which has contributed to improved and increased survival. The Human Genome Project and The Cancer Genome Atlas project brought about a new era, with an understanding of inherited diseases at a molecular level, which subsequently facilitated the option of precision medicine. Precision medicine has helped tailor treatment decisions at an individual level, for instance in terms of surgical treatments or targeted therapies in advanced diseases. Despite the increasing advances in genetic-lead precision medicine, this has not translated into increasing uptake among patients. Reasons for this may be potential knowledge gaps among clinicians; on reasons for poor uptake of genetic testing such as for cultural, religious or personal beliefs; and on financial implications such as lack of support from insurance companies. In this review, we look at the current scenario of genetic screening for common inherited endocrine conditions affecting the thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands in Singapore, and the implications associated with it.

Maternal care utilization and provision during the COVID-19 pandemic: Voices from minoritized pregnant and postpartum women and maternal care providers in Deep South.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected maternal care services especially for minoritized individuals, creating challenges for both service users (i.e., African American and Hispanic pregnant/postpartum women) and maternal care providers (MCPs). Guided by a socioecological framework, this study aims to investigate the experiences of African American and Hispanic pregnant and postpartum women, as well as MCPs, in accessing and providing maternal care services during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Deep South. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 African American women, 20 Hispanic women, and 9 MCPs between January and August 2022. Participants were recruited from Obstetrics and Gynecology clinics, pediatric clinics, and community health organizations in South Carolina, and all births took place in 2021. Interview transcripts were analyzed thematically. Maternal care utilization and provision were influenced by various factors at different socioecological levels. At the intrapersonal level, women's personal beliefs, fears, concerns, and stress related to COVID-19 had negative impacts on their experiences. Some women resorted to substance use as a coping strategy or home remedy for pregnancy-induced symptoms. At the interpersonal level, family and social networks played a crucial role in accessing care, and the discontinuation of group-based prenatal care had negative consequences. Participants reported a desire for support groups to alleviate the pressures of pregnancy and provide a platform for shared experiences. Language barriers were identified as an obstacle for Hispanic participants. Community-level impacts, such as availability and access to doulas and community health workers, provided essential information and support, but limitations in accessing doula support and implicit bias were also identified. At the institutional level, mandatory pre-admission COVID-19 testing, visitation restrictions, and reduced patient-MCP interactions were women's common concerns. Short staffing and inadequate care due to the impact of COVID-19 on the health care workforce were reported, along with anxiety among MCPs about personal protective equipment availability. MCPs emphasized the quality of care was maintained, with changes primarily attributed to safety protocols rather than a decline in care quality. The pandemic has disrupted maternal care services. To overcome these issues, health facilities should integrate community resources, adopt telehealth, and develop culturally tailored education programs for pregnant and postpartum women. Supporting MCPs with resources will enhance the quality of care and address health disparities in African American and Hispanic women.

Understanding Party Realignment Dynamics: Insights from Malaysian Voters in the Batang Kali Context

ABSTRACT Malaysian politics witnesses a remarkable phenomenon of frequent shifts in voter party preferences, indicating a high level of volatility in political allegiances during elections. This study uses the Theory of Reasoned Action as a framework to examine how voting intention influences party realignment among Malaysian. It explores the impact of attitudes, subjective norms related to ethnic identity, and candidate image on party preferences. The research utilized a quantitative approach with proportionate stratified random sampling. A self-administered survey questionnaire was distributed to 450 participants, maintaining a ratio of 5:1:1 across race and voting districts. These participants represented diverse ethnic backgrounds within the Batang Kali State Constituency, Malaysia. Conducting the study in Batang Kali offers access to relevant populations and facilitates representative sampling, contextual insights, and comparative analysis. Findings suggest that voter attitudes and candidate image play significant roles in decision-making, outweighing subjective norms related to ethnic identity. Subjective norms are not the primary driver of party realignment in a multicultural context. Personal beliefs notably shape voter attitudes, with a candidate's image overshadowing the influence of voting attitude. These insights enhance our understanding of the interplay between subjective norms, attitudes, and candidate images within Malaysia's diverse social landscape, particularly in Batang Kali. The study highlights the importance of prioritizing candidate image and voters' egocentric attitudes in political campaigns over subjective norms associated with ethnic identity.

Modelling the significance of value-belief-norm framework to predict mass adoption potentials of internet of things-enabled wearable fitness devices

Self-health monitoring technologies have become increasingly popular in averting unanticipated health complications. However, the adoption rate of such technologies in developing countries is surprisingly low. Furthermore, empirical studies on the application of the value-belief-norm (VBN) model to elucidate intention to use IoT-enabled wearable fitness devices (IoT-enabled WFDs) are scarce. This study aimed to expand the VBN model by integrating health values, health consciousness, health knowledge-seeking, and social norms as influencing constructs. The proposed holistic framework was empirically tested to examine these constructs on users' decision-making process of adopting IoT-enabled WFDs. A web-based survey involving 866 adults in China aged 18–30 years was conducted. The gathered data were analysed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling. The results revealed the significant influence of health consciousness and health knowledge-seeking on personal health beliefs, as well as the favourable impact of personal health beliefs on personal norms and awareness of consequences. The results further demonstrated the substantial influence of awareness of consequences and ascription of responsibilities on personal norms. Besides that, personal norms and societal norms were found to have strong influence on the intention to adopt IoT-enabled WFDs, which was revealed to have significant influence on the actual usage. This study's findings offer novel theoretical insights on the behavioural characteristics of adopting IoT-enabled WFDs and serve as a practical guideline for industry experts and marketers to establish appropriate marketing strategies to support the IoT-enabled wearable sector. The findings also benefit policymakers in their efforts of developing strategies that emphasise the unique benefits of self-healthcare monitoring to encourage active lifestyle and decrease obesity and overweight-related health risks.

Preferences of Medical Technology Students on COVID-19 Personal Preventive Behaviors and University Safety Protocols: A Conjoint Analysis

The increase in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in the Philippines has created an alarming issue in high-density public places, such as schools and universities. Personal preventive behaviors that the students exercise play a big part in whether such behaviors prevent or only predispose them even more to contracting the virus. Several factors may influence the personal preventive behaviors of an individual. These include attitude, awareness, personal beliefs, and culture concerning the disease. Through outlining these several factors, the researchers aim to identify the main attributes that determine students’ preferred COVID-19 personal preventive behavior and implemented precautionary measures. The researchers used a two-part survey: socioeconomic and demographic followed by an orthogonal plan. The safety protocols implemented by the university were found to be the most important factor, followed by knowledge about the disease, communication channels, attitude, and social construct of the family. Thus, this follows that based on the attribute’s importance value, the students prefer safety protocols that are most implemented by the university while social construct of the family is the least preferred. These findings suggest that the safety protocols implemented by the university are the most important factor, hence, policy implementation and strengthening should be observed by the university. Keywords: COVID-19, preventive behavior, knowledge, perception, attitude