Personal Authority Research Articles

First Person Authority and the Problem of Other Minds

First Person Authority and the Problem of Other Minds

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM DI INDONSIA TERHADAP KORBAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL

Sexual violence is a type of crime that greatly affects the victim. In general, sexual violence occurs within the family. Islamic family law in Indonesia has special rules, but it is not enough to provide a solution for victims. This phenomenological study aims to prove the protection of Islamic family law in Indonesia and to find forms of protection for victims of sexual violence. This study uses qualitative methods, collects library data and analyzes it analytically descriptively. This study proves the protection of Islamic family law in Indonesia against victims of domestic sexual violence. The forms of legal protection are preventive and repressive. Preventively, article 80 number (2) of the KHI stipulates that the husband is obliged to protect, fulfill the needs of his wife and the provisions for ta'lik talak as the best way and anticipate if the husband commits violence in the future, including acts of sexual violence. In a repressive manner, the wife has the right to sue her husband for divorce (Article 19 letter d of Law Number 1 of 1974 and Article 116 letter d of the KHI) for reasons of nusyuz. This study concludes that although the KHI and the Law do not explain the law of a nusyuz husband, the norms of Islamic family law explicitly stipulate that women's rights to protect themselves from sexual violence are not only limited to personal authority but have become the authority of religious and state law (in this case the court) at a time.

STATE PROTECTION MEASURES OF ELDERLY PEOPLE

It is examined in the article how the current demographic changes are taking place; what scientific rethinking isneeded to study this not sudden phenomenon in the process of population aging. Statistical data of the United Nationsand non-governmental organizations of the world from now to 2050 are tracked. The germs of future life problemsare analyzed when the number of elderly people equals the number of children in the world. It is noted that the worldis at the beginning of changes in the entire structure of the world's population, which will affect the lifetime of thepopulation. The phenomenon of lifetime of the population, the changes in social directions and the requirements forthe protection of the elderly population are highlighted. Theoretical approaches and measures that can be implementedin the organization of life of elderly people in the future and become the basis of a new strategy of the state's socialpolicy are revealed. The measures of the state on the basis of normative acts, which are directly aimed at the assistanceand protection of less protected strata of the population, people of "respectable age" in particular, are highlighted. TheUN Principles, which became the basis of our state's measures in the implementation of the human developmentstrategy for 2021-2023, are considered. The main purpose of providing social services by the state is determined. Theplan of measures of the state, which provides opportunities and measures for the elderly and people with disabilitiesuntil 2027, is revealed. It is noted that the state guarantees every labor veteran and senior citizen an adequate standardof living, the satisfaction of various life needs, and the provision of various types of assistance. The statement thatevery international agreement is a political compromise reached under strong political pressure has beenargumentated. The concept of "elder abuse", cruel treatment of elderly people, which includes not only various typesof physical and mental violence, but also other forms of violence, is defined. Characteristic signs of using thehelplessness and authority of an elderly person in society are highlighted.

Performative Memories

Performative Memories

Initial development of perpetrator confrontation using deepfake technology in victims with sexual violence-related PTSD and moral injury.

Interventions aimed at easing negative moral (social) emotions and restoring social bonds - such as amend-making and forgiving-have a prominent role in the treatment of moral injury. As real-life contact between persons involved in prior morally injurious situations is not always possible or desirable, virtual reality may offer opportunities for such interventions in a safe and focused way. To explore the effects of the use of deepfake technology in the treatment of patients suffering from PTSD and moral injury as a result of being forced by persons in authority to undergo and commit sexual violence (so-called betrayal trauma). Two women who had experienced sexual violence underwent one session of confrontation with the perpetrator using deepfake technology. The women could talk via ZOOM with the perpetrator, whose picture was converted in moving images using deepfake technology. A therapist answered the questions of the women in the role of the perpetrator. Outcome measures were positive and negative emotions, dominance in relation to perpetrator, self-blame, self-forgiveness, and PTSD-symptom severity. Both participants were positive about the intervention. Although they knew it was fake, the deepfaked perpetrator seemed very real to them. They both reported more positive and less negative emotions, dominance in relation to the perpetrator and self-forgiveness, and less self-blame and PTSD-symptoms after the intervention. Victim-perpetrator confrontation using deepfake technology is a promising intervention to influence moral injury-related symptoms in victims of sexual violence. Deepfake technology may also show promise in simulating other interactions between persons involved in morally injurious events.

SPEECH FUNCTIONS OF TEACHER TALK IN CLASSROOM INTERACTION IN POLITEKNIK HARAPAN BERSAMA TEGAL

Interactions in the college non-English major are supposed to be different from the college with English major. The teacher might use bilingual (Bahasa Indonesia and English) for the whole interactions with the purpose that the students can understand what the teacher said. This study was conducted to explain the application of Sinclair and Coulthard’s IRF model which occured in teacher talk in classroom interaction. A case study was applied in this study which had been conducted at the second semester of computer program in Politeknik Harapan Bersama Tegal. The result of the study showed that the interaction in the classroom is dominated by teachers. This domination is mostly influenced by social status of the interaction participants. It can be also concluded that the interpersonal relationships between teachers and students in a classroom are more influenced by the power dimension. Meanwhile, contact and emotion dimension do not give significant impact toward the process of interaction between teachers and students in classroom. It can be interpreted that as the authoritative persons who have more access in knowledge and education (expertise), teachers keep maintaining their status by showing their domination in the interaction process.

Kompetensi Kepribadian Guru PAI Dalam Meningkatkan Interaksi Pembelajaran Peserta Didik di SMP Integral Rahmatullah Toli-Toli

This study aims to determine the competence of Islamic religious education (PAI) teachers in improving learning interactions at SMP Integral Rahmatullah Tolitoli. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods, through observation and in-depth interviews and documentation studies. The data obtained were analyzed using data reduction techniques, data presentation, data verification, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that: 1. PAI teachers have Personality Competencies in the form of: Steady and stable teacher personality, mature teacher personality, wise teacher personality, authoritative teacher personality, personality and teacher who have noble character and can be an example. 2. Efforts by PAI teachers to increase learning interactions, namely, first, teacher interaction with students. Second, interaction between students and teachers through dialogue about problems that have not been understood from the teacher's explanation.

Гуманизм, посттрадиционность и секуляризм как три основания современного нарциссизма

This paper is a critical response to the article by professors P.A. Orekhovsky and V.I. Razumov “The Onset of Narcissistic Culture: Consequences for Education, Science and Politics”. The idea of treating Western post-war culture as narcissistic has been expressed in the United States since the 1970s of the XX century, but it will also be relevant in relation to the post-Soviet culture of Russia. Considering the ambiguity of the cognitive metaphor of Narcissus in relation to the described socio-cultural transformations caused by the possibility of an almost arbitrary interpretation of something as narcissism, the article presents its own interpretation of the foundations of narcissistic culture. Following the idea of opposing a narcissistic culture to a culture of service, modern narcissism is viewed not so much as an individual’s selfishness, but as a loss of an object and opportunity for service. Secularism, understood in the spirit of Charles Taylor as the loss of any higher, transcendent, hierarchical ontological concepts, deprives a person of a higher authority that legitimizes any service to something. This means a horizontal ontology of equivalent objects that do not have the highest value in relation to the individual. Post-traditionalism means impermanence, “fluidity” of any institutionalized forms of sociality and their perception, the dynamics of the emergence and decline of which does not allow the individual to find an object of service. A person remains in conditions of “minimal humanism”, which means that this person, having neither a higher reality that determines it, nor the constancy of social institutions, remains for himself the only possible value, a kind of “narcissist against his will”. We also believe that narcissism is not an external, but an internal factor of social processes that constitutes the motives and interests of the participants in these processes. While agreeing with the thesis about the connection between narcissistic culture and postmodernity, we believe that it is not a “young culture” opposite to mass society. On the contrary, narcissistic culture is the culture of a mass society that has gone further along the path of secularism, post-traditionalism and humanism, just as postmodernity is called late, far-reaching modernity by such sociologists as E. Giddens, U. Beck, Ju. Habermas.

“Why do I have to do this? And why not?” Institutions, integrity, and citizenship under threat

Ed Shapiro’s important and thought-provoking article deals with civic ethics and is organised around three critical points: a call (1) for taking personal authority in order to protect the group from (what is perceived as) its destructors (Why do I have to do this?); an offer for (2) doing it by being emphatic with the “enemy” (in what way is he right?); and (3) encouragement to reveal “active citizenship”. The discussion challenges those questions by asking: Do I have to do this?Always? And why me? Do I have to understand the other? Always? Under what conditions? And is it really possible, taking into account our unconscious attitudes towards “otherness”? The discussion refers to the timing and the sociopolitical con-text of Shapiro’s article—namely turbulent times and a deep disappointment of present-day leadership—and interprets his challenge as a call for the return of the individual almost as a “Nietzschean hero”—namely, to differentiate him/herself even from the group-as-a-whole. Some unconscious aspects of the challenge which Ed Shapiro puts before us are discussed, referring to the inherent tension between “what should be” and “what is actually happening”.

Implementasi Kompetensi Kepribadian Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Toleransi Beragama Siswa Di SMA Swasta Sri Langkat Tanjung Pura

The purpose of this study was to find out how the implementation of the personality competencies of Islamic religious education teachers in the formation of students' tolerance character at the Sri Langkat Tanjung Pura Private High School. The research approach uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data was collected by observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that Islamic religious education teachers at Sri Langkat Private High Schools had quite good personalities. The personality competencies that must be possessed by an Islamic Religious Education teacher are having a disciplined personality, an honest and fair personality, having commendable character, being a role model, having a stable personality, and having an authoritative personality. The condition of the religious tolerance character of students at Sri Langkat Private High School can be said to be quite good. Students make friends with friends of different religions and there has never been a religious conflict at the school. There are two factors that influence the formation of the character of religious tolerance of students at the Sri Langkat Tanjung Pura Private High School, namely internal and external factors. Where external factors are from the students themselves, namely being able to control emotionally on themselves and also external factors where the student's living environment greatly influences the formation of the character of religious tolerance which includes the school environment, family and society.

Corpus-assisted analysis of legitimation strategies in government social media communication

When governments introduce controversial policies that many citizens disapprove of, officeholders increasingly use discursive legitimation strategies in their public communication to ward off blame. In this paper, we contribute to the study of blame avoidance in government social media communication by exploring how corpus-assisted discourse analysis helps to identify three types of common legitimations: self-defensive appeals to (1) personal authority of policymakers, (2) impersonal authority of rules or documents and (3) goals or effects of policies. We use a specialised corpus of tweets by the Brexit department of the British government (42,618 words) which we analyse both qualitatively and quantitatively. We demonstrate how the analysis of lexical bundles that characterise each type of legitimation might provide a new avenue for identifying the presence, characteristics and uses of these legitimations in larger datasets.

Migrant Maths Teachers: Deficit, Translanguaging, and Growing Authority

This article draws from a longitudinal case study of trainee (the term used in official documentation related to Initial Teacher Training (ITT) in England and with some reservations throughout this paper) and early-career teachers (ECT) of mathematics. The sample represents migrant teachers that the Immigration Act of 2020 seeks to attract to the UK to address national shortages identified by the Migration Advisory Committee (MAC). The analysis examines how multimodal semiotic repertoires of language, bodies and pedagogical practices are entangled in classroom encounters. It shows how the ideology of Standard English can create an uncomfortable sense of different deficits amongst multilingual professionals and evidences how these can be addressed through a model of authority in which teachers get the right mix of mathematical subject knowledge (epistemic authority), the use of school practices and expectations (practical authority), and individual biography (personal authority). It uses translanguaging spaces to examine how teachers use communicative repertoires to orchestrate semiotic resources and manage their identity positions in ways that promote intercultural competencies during the daily encounters of teachers and their pupils.

Teacher power and authority: an analysis of exemplar faculty by career stage

ABSTRACT Although the constructs of teacher power and authority are widely adopted in the study of classroom management, less is known about how faculty power, authority, and career stage intersect. This interpretive, qualitative study is thus guided by the following question: What role do formal, expert, and referent power play in the approaches and practices of exemplar university teachers across career stages? We adopted a three-pronged teacher authority framework to explore the conceptualizations and utilizations of formal, expert, and referent power by exemplar college teachers in early, mid-, and late career stages. Our findings highlight both the tasks and tensions perceived by faculty in each career stage, as well as the forms of power these teachers draw on to navigate the classroom. Ultimately, exemplar teachers encouraged student engagement, learning, and relationships through pedagogical, personal, and relational authority.

Deixis Found in Joe Biden’s Inauguration Speech

This research is entitled Deixis found in Joe Biden’s inauguration speech. The aims are to identify deixis types and their functions. The data were collected through the observation method that was done by the note-taking technique. The concept of deixis proposed by Levinson was used to support the data analysis, as well as the qualitative method was used to analyse the selected data into their types of deixis and continued by identifying its functions in the grammatical constituent and the relational information in social deixis. Then, the data analysis was presented using the informal method. The result of the analysis shows that there are five categories of deixis found in Joe Biden's inaugural speech, involving person deixis, place deixis, time deixis, discourse deixis, and social deixis. The functions of each deixis type can be seen in the person deixis which has the function in the form of a personal pronoun. Place deixis has the function of a locative adverb and the adverbial of time is used to express temporal deixis in the speech. Discourse deixis takes the shape of the object of demonstrative pronoun, while social deixis takes the form of relational information to identify a person's authority.

Concepts and basis of liquidation of legal entities carried out activities in the field of agricultural production

Liquidation of legal entities engaged in agricultural production is one of the ways to cessation of them. The legal regime of liquidation is the legal registration of the irrevocable termination of the legal entity. Their special legal status should be taken into account during the liquidation procedure of agricultural organizations. Such organizations occupy an important place in the system of production, processing and distribution of agricultural products, and thus – in ensuring food security of the state. Therefore, the initiation of the procedure of liquidation of the studied subjects should be carried out taking into account the seasonal nature of agricultural production activities, the need to collect and sell agricultural products, etc.
 The grounds for liquidation should be understood as legal facts determined by law or the constituent document, with which the legislator connects the beginning of the liquidation procedure, ie the adoption of the relevant decision by the authorized person (authority).
 Legitimate grounds for liquidation of a legal entity are regulated by Art. 110 of the Civil code of Ukraine from which instructions it is seen that the legal entity is liquidated: at the will of its participants or the authorized body; on the basis of a court decision on the termination of a legal entity not related to its bankruptcy. The special legislation, which has defined the features of the formation, operation and termination of certain types of agricultural legal entities, has enshrined similar in content provisions. The key basis for voluntary liquidation is the decision of the participants or the body of the legal entity (because in fact the term for which the legal entity was established and the achievement of the purpose for which it was created are "absorbed" by the presence of such a decision). Instead, the grounds for compulsory liquidation are: court decision on liquidation of a legal entity due to violations committed during its creation, which cannot be eliminated, at the suit of the participant of the legal entity or the relevant public authority; by a court decision on the liquidation of a legal entity in other cases established by law – at the request of the relevant public authority.

The reconvictions of mentally disordered offenders\u2014how, when, and where?

BackgroundLittle is known about the recidivism of mentally disordered offenders after discharge from forensic psychiatric services. This is problematic because such knowledge could (i) help professionals who encounter this group to better plan interventions to prevent recidivism, (ii) clarify the rates of recidivism post-discharge from forensic psychiatric care and (iii) further develop instruments for specific risk assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the new crimes of mentally disordered offenders who had been reconvicted after discharge from forensic psychiatric care.MethodsIncluded in this study were all individuals (n = 1142) who had been discharged from forensic psychiatric care in Sweden during 2009–2018, were included in the Swedish National Forensic Psychiatric Register, and had been reconvicted in a criminal court within the follow-up period of 2009–2018 (n = 157, 14% of the population). The follow-up times of the discharged patients within the period varied from 4 to 3644 days, (m = 1697, Md = 1685). Retrospective registry data along with coded data from criminal court judgments (n = 210) were used to create a database. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and descriptive statistical analysis was performed.Results75% of included individuals were reconvicted for at least one violent crime, but only 9 individuals were reconvicted for a serious violent crime, which can be compared to the 44 individuals with serious violent index crimes. The most common crime was “Other violent”. The most common sentence was probation. The offender’s most common relationship to the victim was having no known relationship, followed by the victim being a person of authority. The most common circumstance of the crime leading to the reconviction was that it occurred without apparent provocation; other common circumstances were related to the exercise of public authority. The most common crime scene was a public place.ConclusionsEven though the reconvictions of this group included many violent crimes, there were very few serious violent crimes. The findings that the victims of the crimes of mentally disordered offenders are most commonly either unknown to the perpetrator or persons of authority, and that the crimes are often perpetrated without apparent provocation or reason, are important information for all professionals who encounter this group and should be taken into consideration to assess risk more accurately.

Assertive Behavior of School Principals in Creating Excellent School

This research was conducted to present the principal's assertive behaviour in creating a superior school. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The research site is Madrasah Ibtida'iyah Nurul Mun’im Paiton Probolinggo. The results showed that the principal's proactive behaviour in creating an excellent school at Madrasah Ibtida'iyah Nurul Munim Paiton Probolinggo was indicated by the behaviour of providing information; searching for information; giving an opinion; reflecting the message content; giving criticism or praise; accepting criticism or praise; Express feelings; and share feelings. In terms of capabilities, the head of Madrasah Ibtida'iyah Nurul Mun'im Paiton Probolinggo is proven in the form of an attitude of consistency and idealism in deciding and implementing policies; and a person who is honest and open to others so that he becomes a respected and authoritative person. Based on the research, the principal's assertive behaviour can create a superior school through the principal's proactive behaviour, which is romantic, consistent and respectful towards others.

Legitimation in government social media communication: the case of the Brexit department

ABSTRACT When governments introduce controversial policies or face a risk of policy failure, officeholders try to avoid blame and justify their decisions by using various legitimation strategies. This paper focuses on the ways in which legitimations are expressed in government social media communication, using the Twitter posts of the British government’s Brexit department as an example. We show how governments may seek legitimacy by appealing to (1) the personal authority of individual policymakers, (2) the collective authority of (political) organisations, (3) the impersonal authority of rules or documents, (4) the goals or effects of government policy, (5) ‘the will of the people’, and (6) time pressure. The results suggest that official legitimations in social media posts tend to rely more on references to authority and shared values rather than presentation of evidence and sound arguments.

A STUDY ON GENDER DIVERSIFICATION IN WORKPLACE EMPLOYEE IN TRUEMARK ENGINERRING INDUSTRIES

Gender diversification in the present associations is one of the issues that on the off chance that it can't be overseen well, there will be different issues in the association that might hurt extraordinary the organization. Elements of gender diversification are remembered that is segregation for enlistment and choice, advancement and offices recruiting, advancement, compensation, control/ independence/ impact, challenge, execution measures. Thusly, the object of this exploration is to look at the impact on labourers of orientation separation. Gender diversification fundamentally affects work fulfilment, representative interest, and authoritative personality and has significantly affected work pressure. The representative performs basic errands for the endurance of the association regardless of any distinctions in gender differences (male/female).

Generating the Trends and Forecast of Crime Rates in Ozamiz City, Philippines

Crime is considered as a serious issue. It makes people worried on their own safety especially when the crime rate is increasing. The study generated the trend analysis and forecasted data of the recorded crimes in Ozamiz City using autoregressive integrated moving average through the GRTEL software. Results showed that majority of the crimes recorded decreased from 2018 to 2021. These include crimes against person, crimes against property, crimes against personal liberty and security and violations against special laws particularly the comprehensive dangerous drugs Act of 2002. However, the violators who resisted persons in authority drastically increased. On the other hand, forecasted data revealed that most of the crimes will most likely increase in occurrence in the year 2022 and will be stabilized in the remaining years. The data gathered from this study can be used by the different law enforcement agencies in planning and creating intervention strategies towards mitigating the occurrence of crimes in Ozamiz City.