Personal Authority Research Articles

Juozas Keliuotis in the Target of KGB in 1956–1978

The life of Juozas Keliuotis, one of the most conspicuous cultural workers of Lithuania, in Soviet times shows the specificity of the psychological pressure on intellectuals. The KGB unit in Lithuania involved many personalities in its manipulatory games. J. Keliuotis was of no exception. Persecuted and morally broken he wrote the memoirs revealing sufferings in the camp and violations of human rights. In 1962–1975, KGB spared no efforts seeking to find and obtain the memoirs of the intellectual in question. Even though the security failed to fetch the manuscripts of the intellectual, it succeeded in hindering for a long time their passing over to the West. Dealing with the independent Lithuanian authoritative persons was planned by experienced and influential KGB operational workers. In 1956–1978, J. Keliuotis was shadowed by quite a number of agents. It was people from the environment of the intellectual that were mostly hired. Most frequently he had to communicate with the agents of influence. For J. Keliuotis’ control not only agents were used, but also different ways for his efficient shadowing. KGB, with interruptions, applied various so-called operational technical measures: listened to his conversations, carried out secret searches in his apartment, made photos, and controlled J. Keliuotis’ correspondence. Due to constant and active spying by KGB, J. Keliuotis lost trust in his close people. KGB aimed at neutralizing the cultural influence of intellectuals. It was useful to discredit the authoritative persons by instigating them to be in conflict with émigré in terms of cultural relations. In 1971, J. Keliuotis spoke forcibly in the press, not only condemning the activity of emigrants, but also demonstrating economic and cultural “achievements” of Soviet Lithuania. The article of the intellectual was re-edited by operational employees in the direction useful for the Soviet system. The forced trampling on his world outlook meant the fictitious demonstration of loyalty to the Soviet regime. Moreover, such repentance in the press showed that a certain person was gripped by KGB. Public statements of intellectuals were used for Soviet propaganda, and the persons themselves who lost their authority were pushed aside. The individuality of J. Keliuotis in fighting with émigré was necessary for KGB as the tool of manipulation aimed at denying the historic truth. Nevertheless, in the eyes of the public of Soviet Lithuania J. Keliuotis remained as the enlightened person from the times of independence and the advocate of Western modern art. Keliuotis was persecuted until his death 1983 The LSSR Supreme Court rehabilitated the intellectual on December 16, 1998. Only with the change in the political situation, persecution of persons of anti-Soviet disposition and not loyal to the Soviet system was stopped.

Cases of Corruption and Gender and Development Funds in the Philippines

This paper examines corruption-related activities concerning the utilization of Gender and Development (GAD) funds in the country. This study also consolidated cases of abuse of power, mismanagement of resources, malversation, and/or embezzlement in the Budget Policy and framework of Gender and Development implementation. This paper used document review as its primary method of gathering data and paper analysis of the Commission on Audit (COA) and Sandiganbayan decisions and Budget Policy implementation of Gender and Development Funds. Moreover, This paper suggests research-based recommendations for implementing gender-responsive Projects, Programs, and Activities (PPAs) and enhancement of Gender-based policy formation. Findings revealed that most of the cases of abuse in using GAD funds were initially from the inefficiency of institutions and persons in authority to identify existing gender issues. The lack of knowledge on GAD budget policy implementation and lack of accountability measures in the GAD budget framework makes the GAD fund volatile for corruption-related activities of leaders and managers. Thus, the identified corrupt-related practices undermine the processes of GAD budget policy/framework.

When adults with speech-language impairment meet law enforcement: A qualitative analysis of client experiences

IntroductionMembers of law enforcement and the general public who have limited knowledge of persons with communication impairments (PCI) may misinterpret their communication behaviors. Few studies exist about communication between PCI and law enforcement, and data are lacking about the factors that may influence their interactions. Considering this need, we addressed the following research questions: How will PCI describe their attitudes and experiences related to interacting with law enforcement? What individual characteristics may influence these attitudes and experiences? MethodsIn individual semi-structured interviews, we asked 10 adults with speech-language differences (aphasia, dysarthria, or stuttering) to describe their experiences of interacting with members of law enforcement, the communication strategies they would use when interacting with law enforcement, and what they would like members of law enforcement to know about their communication needs. In qualitative analyses, we generated themes from the data. ResultsThree main themes and four subthemes were evident in participant responses. Participant emotions and communication behavior were affected in complex ways during their interactions with a person of authority in uniform. In this sample of PCI, levels of confidence about communicating with strangers were lower for participants with no visible characteristics versus those who exhibited these signs. The participants recommended communication strategies for use by members of law enforcement. ConclusionsThese findings extend the limited literature on this topic to include factors that appear to influence the attitudes and experiences of PCI during their interactions with law enforcement. In clinical application, speech-language pathologists have an important role to play in assisting clients to practice individualized communication strategies for interactions with law enforcement in various contexts. Further research is needed into the perspectives of PCI and the attitudes and experiences of law enforcement when interacting with PCI.

WHITE COLLAR CRIME AS ORGANIZED INSTITUTIONAL CRIME

The object of treatment in this paper is the problem of detection and treatment of corruption. There is no single definition for corruption and in this case it is limited to the corruption practices of white-collar crime, being a link to institutional organized crime, with confirmation of the suspicion of crime in the Prosecutor's Office - especially that of serious crimes which is the main pillar of the state in this right to enforce the law and fight the phenomenon, as well as the state courts. Its meaning is broad and cannot be defined only by accepting or giving a bribe to an official or buying it, as is often practiced. Corruption is often carried out by a highly organized group of people, which gives us elements of institutional organized crime. Since corruption, especially political corruption, is carried out by highly qualified and professional persons, this greatly complicates the operation of the law, detection, investigation, prosecution and judgment of authoritative persons, decision-makers, due to the great powers to hide the traces of corruption and especially the crime of money laundering, being a serious consequence and with great material and moral damage for the citizens of a state. Due to the problems leading to the discovery and proof of this crime and due to the way it is committed, the secret nature, corruption is part of the crimes where the rate of proof is extremely low or even definitely impossible. The work is mainly elaborated on the problems encountered not only by the agencies, the bodies that have a mandate to prevent and fight this negative phenomenon in our society, but also the media and especially the citizens who are involved in harm from authoritative persons and state institutions. A major problem where the citizen there is no address for orientation and when the organized Institutional group usurps the State Institutions and in some form is created as a Mafia group.

Keterlibatan Orang dengan Gangguan Jiwa dalam Proses Pemilu: Tinjauan Hukum Perdata terhadap Kewenangan dan Batasan

The involvement of people with mental illness in elections is an important issue in the context of civil law, human rights and political participation. In Indonesia, although the 1945 Constitution and related laws provide equal rights for all citizens, including people with mental disabilities, there is still debate about their eligibility to participate in elections. Several articles in the Civil Code state that people with mental illness are not legally competent, while electoral laws allow their participation if they are not permanently mentally impaired. This research examines the legal basis and limitations of the authority of persons with mental disabilities in elections, and analyzes the existing legal uncertainties. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide recommendations to improve political inclusion for people with mental disabilities in Indonesia.

Effectiveness of Competency-Based Educational Program on Quality of Care among Post-Graduate Nurses

Background: Nursing competencies significantly impact the quality of nursing care. This care can be improved by maintaining nursing proficiency via a competency-based nursing educational program. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of the competency-based educational program on quality of care. Methods and Materials: The quasi-experimental design (pre-posttest) was used in the current study to achieve the early stated objectives. The study was carried out from the period of 4th September 2023 to 3rd April 2024. A (Purposive Sample) consisted of 80 nurses. Data collected through using of a well-designed questionnaire consists of two parts: I: socio-demographic characteristics: Which consisted of (8) items. II: The Quality Nursing Care Scale (QNCS-M) which consisted of (36) items. Results: The results of the present study indicate that there is a significant difference in the pre- and post-test periods regarding quality of care with the quality of care with the final mean of the nurses’ overall quality of care for the study group in the posttest (mean = 2.56) compared to (mean = 1.54) in the pretest for the same group. Conclusion: The results of the data analysis show that the competency education program for nurses was implemented and that the evaluation of the program in two phases (pretest and posttest), it had a positive impact on the quality of care provided by the study group. Recommendations: periodic assessment of the healthcare provider's abilities to provide, in addition to appropriate support and motivation to encourage healthcare providers to engage in activities that improve the quality of care from persons in authority.

The Impact of Disinformation on the Functioning of the Rule of Law and Democratic Processes in the Eu

Disinformation and propaganda are based on the fact that the information: i) is designed to be totally or partially false, manipulated or misleading or uses unethical persuasion techniques; ii) concern a matter of public interest; (iii) is intended to generate insecurity, hostility or polarization or attempt to undermine democratic processes; iv) is disseminated and/or amplified using automatic and aggressive tools, such as social bots, artificial intelligence, micro-targeting or paid human trolls, often with the aim of increasing the public visibility of the content. Especially the systematic dissemination of disinformation by active politicians, parties or authorities is a clear and immediate threat to democracy and is disrespectful of the values of the European Union according to Article 2 TEU, because the trust in such authoritative persons is a value choice which cannot be changed by rational arguments. Moreover, deepfakes (algorithmically generated messages flooding recipients to give a false impression of political consensus) present a significant challenge for democracy, because they may sow uncertainty which may, in turn, reduce trust in news on social media and hinder civic participation in online debates. Finally, a study commissioned by the European External Antion Service, published in 2021, has focused on two more categories of disinformation: 'influence operations' by third countries, aimed at influencing a target audience using a range of illegitimate and deceptive means, and 'foreign interference', aimed at disrupting the free formation and expression of political will. Therefore, among the many issues dealt with by the EP resolution of 1 June 2023 on foreign interference in all democratic processes in the European Union, it must be mentioned the fact that foreign interference, including disinformation, is a national and cross-border security threat. Consequently, the EP has stressed the need for solidarity between the Member States so that such activities can be effectively combated, also amending Article 222 TFEU (the solidarity clause) by including foreign interference. In fact, with respect to disinformation a process of securitization is being promoted, consisting of applying security tools and discourses upon an object that was previously not identified as such. An example of this trend is represented by the specific task force set up within the European External Action Service in order to address Russia's ongoing disinformation campaigns. Another example, showing that disinformation has become a CFSP issue, is the Council regulation (EU) 2022/350 of 1 March 2022, based on Council decision (CFSP) 2022/351, concerning restrictive measures in view of Russia's actions destabilizing the situation in Ukraine. However, when determining the focus and political actions of the EU against disinformation, two opposing logics – securitization and self-regulation – coexist and compete. As a result, the EU is promoting a discourse linking disinformation to security, exceptionality and geopolitical strategies, but being lax at the same time with the obligations and responsibilities of the digital platform companies. Received: 25 December 2023 / Accepted: 25 February 2024 / Published: 23 April 2024

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS FOR WATER QUALITY MONITORING

In our cities, many times we see that the garbage bins or dustbins placed at public places are overflowing. It creates unhygienic conditions for people. Also, it creates ugliness to that place.At the same time bad smell is also spread.To avoid all such situations, we have implemented a project called GSM based smart dustbins for smart cities.In this, dustbin is interfaced with microcontroller-based system having IR wireless system. If the dustbin is loaded with garbage, the status will be displayed on the screen. If the garbage is not collected in specific time, then SMS will be sent to the person informing that dustbin is not cleaned yet. At the same time, status report will be updated so that the sweeper for contractor responsible for the cleanliness can be question for the delay..Hence an automatic system can be designed to maintain the city Clean with the help of electronics. However, we see that in case there is some festival or some function, lots of garbage material is generated by people in that particular area. In such cases the garbage dustbin gets immediately full and then it overflows which creates many problems. So, in situations, with help of our project the government authority person can get SMS immediately. So, they will get SMS before their periodic interval visit of picking up the dustbin. Then they can go and pick up the dustbins. After every pick-up interval the dustbins will be under servicing, while every dustbin’s individual battery will be charged under the guidance of NMC.

Sexual assault of the older person: Attendances to the Republic of Ireland's sexual assault treatment unit network

BackgroundSexual assault (SA) poses a threat to all areas of contemporary society. Although older individuals represent a vulnerable demographic, a considerable gap exists in the literature regarding the context in which older individuals experience SA. This study aims to provide a comprehensive description of older individuals' attendances at the Sexual Assault Treatment Unit (SATU) network in the Republic of Ireland. MethodsA 7-year national cross-sectional study was performed to analyse the attendances of older people (≥65 years old) to the SATU network, and to compare them with younger attendances (<65 years old), with a more in-depth subset analysis of Dublin SATU attendances. ResultsDuring the study period, there were 6478 attendances to the SATU network, of which 0.93 % (n = 60) were older people. These included 59 females and 1 male, with the average age of 76.05 years ± 8.16. Forensic examinations were performed in 81.7 %, with the majority seeking assistance within 7 days (80 %). Comparison of older (≥65 years) and younger (<65 years) attendees revealed older individuals were more uncertain whether a sexual assault had occurred (35.5 % vs. 14.4 %, p < 0.001) but more likely to report the incident to the police (78.3 % vs. 64.3 %, p = 0.02). Assault by a person in authority was significantly more common in older age groups (11.7 % vs. 1.8 %, p < 0.001). Older individuals were significantly more likely to be assaulted in their own home (33.3 % vs. 21.5 p < 0.03) or in ‘other-indoors' settings (e.g. nursing home/hospital) (43.3 % vs. 23.4 % p < 0.001). They were less likely to be assaulted in the assailant's home (5.0 % vs. 22.9 %, p < 0.001) or outdoors (5.0 % vs. 19.7 %, p = 0.004).In our subset analysis of 19 cases, 73.7 % occurred in healthcare facilities, 63.2 % had dementia, and 42.1 % were care dependent. Genital injuries were present in 44.4 % of patients and extra-genital injuries in 22.2 %. ConclusionUnique patterns are evident in sexual assault experienced by older people, underscoring the necessity for tailored interventions and effective support systems for reporting and addressing this vulnerable demographic. This is especially crucial in healthcare environments, where a notable proportion of cases occur, frequently involving individuals with dementia and requiring care assistance.

Permissive Parenting, Self Regulation and Risk-Taking Behavior among Adolescents

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship among permissive parenting, self-regulation and risk-taking behaviour among adolescents. Parents displaying a permissive parenting style often let their adolescents choose what to do. Due to the lack of boundaries and rules set under permissive parenting, adolescents may view their parents as more of a friend or an equal rather than a person of authority and this leads to poor self-regulation abilities among adolescents. A stratified random sampling technique was used in this study. 180 College students from the public and private colleges of Toba Tek Singh between the age range 12-18 were included in the study. PAQ developed by Buri (1991), ASRI developed by K.L (2007) Moilanen and RTSHIA by Vrouva (2010) were used. The Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to examine correlation and the predictive relationship among the variables under investigation. The results of this study showed that there is a significant correlation between permissive parenting and self-regulation among adolescents. Permissive parenting strongly predicts self-regulation among adolescents.

Job titles as a means of constructing personal authority

The article deals with the nominative component of constructing personal authority. The nominative component consists of three parts: the name itself, the job title, and its characteristic. As a result of the analysis of news texts published in popular Russian-language media’s Telegram channels, it has been proven that the most common subjects’ nominations in news discourse are those that contain a job title or its equivalent. The main types of nominations with a job title are described: a job title + a name, a job title without a name, a job title + a name + its characteristic, and cases of anonymous subjects’ nominations with a job title. Nominations containing a name and a job title without its characteristic account for over 90 % of the identified cases of use; they are also the most variable. Types of nominations are analysed with attention to possible configurations of its components and a news message authors’ pragmatic goal. The discussion segment outlines promising directions for further study of the scientific problem.

European parliamentarism and establishing the content of the institutional authority within the EU parliament

This article is devoted to the study of the role of the European Parliament in the global political and legal context. The author focuses on the characteristics and peculiarities of the European model of parliamentarism, in particular, institutional authority and its role in the decision-making process. The research includes an analysis of the views of various authors on the term “institutional authority”, in particular in the context of the functioning within state bodies. Different views help to reveal aspects of the definition of this term and its role in a positive assessment of the activities of public authorities. A special emphasis is placed on the importance of personal authority of the head of the body in comparison with institutional authority, which allows us to consider leadership not only through the prism of the position, but also personal qualities. This aspect of the study is a promising area that can help understand the interaction between institutional and personal authority. The definition of the term “institutional authority” becomes a key element for further elucidating the concept of supranational parliamentarism in the context of the European Union Parliament. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the functions of the parliament at the supranational level and may open up new perspectives in the development of European integration processes. A key aspect of the study is the methodology used to analyse and study European parliamentarism and institutional authority. The methods used allow for a more complete understanding of the structure and functions of the European Parliament. The article also highlights the prospects for the development of the concept of supranational parliamentarism in international law. The author’s vision of the term “institutional authority” serves as a basis for further development of the concept within the framework of supranational interaction and decision-making at the international level. In general, this research article offers an in-depth legal analysis and understanding of the genesis of European parliamentarism, highlighting key aspects of the institutional authority of the European Union Parliament and the prospects for the development of supranational parliamentarism. The study makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the interaction of parliamentary institutions at different levels and can serve as a basis for further research on the role of parliaments in shaping the world order.

(De)Legitimation in Policy Transfer and Branding: A Dialogical View of the Romanian Covid-19 Vaccination Policy

With the growth of marketing’s influence extending from the commercial domain into governance strategy, public health branding and promotional communication relating to the Covid-19 vaccine were essential for national authorities trying to transfer the WHO communication strategy and vaccine policies to their domestic contexts while maintaining public trust. This study explores the role of (de)legitimation in the Covid-19 vaccine communication (#ROVaccinare/ROVaccination) policy transfer and branding conducted by the Romanian government on Facebook. Adopting a top-down and bottom-up approach to the meaning-making process of the message strategy promotion, we employed a mixed-methods approach. We drew on categorizations of message tailoring related to health communication and operationalizations of discursive (de)legitimation. The main findings showed a preference for rationalization legitimation through the usage of fact-based posts and a clear integration of authorization and narrativization into the message strategy promotion of the ROVaccination page. However, despite the prevalence of fact-based posts, legitimation through personal and medical stories was a positive predictor of engagement, unlike legitimation through facts. The bottom-up approach revealed polarized attitudes towards healthcare professionals as sources of the campaign, the Romanian medical system, and past and present vaccination. The dominance of polarization in online users’ comments emphasizes their role as agents of conversion, contesting either the message sources employed in the campaign or other commenters as personal authorities.

Tutor Competence in Realizing the Success of Japanese Language Training Participants (Case Study at LPK Proklamator Padang)

This research is motivated by the unique phenomenon in Japanese language training at LPK Proclamator, which is the number of training participants who graduated and participated At LPK Proclamator. This is influenced by the competence of a tutor. This study aims to determine the tutor's competence in Japanese language training at Padang Proclamator LPK.This study uses a qualitative approach, with a case study research method. The data sources in this study are managers, tutors, Japanese language training participants. Data collection techniques conducted in this study are observations, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Data validity techniques are by using source triangulation, triangulation of theoretical methods and triangulation.The results of the research show that (1) The pedagogical competence of LPK proclaimer tutors is mastering the characteristics of training participants, mastering learning theory and principles of educational learning, developing a curriculum related to Japanese language training, organizing an educational learning process, utilizing information and communication for the benefit of learning, facilitating the development of the potential of training participants to actualize the various potentials they have as well as carrying out assessments and evaluations of the learning process and results. (2) Personality competency of the LPK proclaimer tutor to act in accordance with the rules, presenting oneself as an honest, wise person and displaying an authoritative personality. (3) The social competence of proclaimer LPK tutors is to be non-discriminatory, communicate effectively, empathetically and politely with fellow educators, education staff, parents and the community in the environment, and adapt to the environment where they work in order to increase their effectiveness as educators. (4) The professional competency of the Proclaimer LPK tutor is to master the material, learning objectives, structure, learning concepts and develop creative learning materials in Japanese language training at the Proclaimer LPK.Keywords: Tutor Competency, Training, LPK

Reflections on Bian Que in Religious and Medical Traditions in Early China

Abstract Initial analysis of the contents of the Laoguanshan manuscripts shows there is an emphasis on a number of healing principles and techniques that have been associated with Bian Que: puncturing the mai-channels to heal disease; diagnosis based on examining the appearance and palpating multiple sites on the body; reverence for the mantic arts, and the superior physician who can correctly “determine whether [the patient] will live or die.” These characteristics have been ascribed to Bian Que across a number of domains: through non-medical texts that describe cases or anecdotes, passages in the received medical literature ascribed to a person or lineage with this name, and material evidence from Han dynasty mortuary art. Widespread references to Bian Que in medical and non-medical works indicate that citing the name constituted a recognizable and potent mode of establishing authority. Although we cannot completely reconstruct the medical practices of a person, clan, or mode of authority called “Bian Que,” the traces that remain substantiate claims that a set of ideas and practices associated with Bian Que was revered as efficacious healing worthy of study and transmission.

Pendidikan (Peningkatan Kompetensi) Guru

The teacher's competencies are as follows: 1) Paedagogic Competence, is the teacher's understanding of students, designing and implementing learning, evaluating learning outcomes and developing students to actualize their various potentials. 2) Personal competence, is a personal ability that reflects a solid, stable, mature, wise and authoritative personality and becomes a role model for students and has noble character. 3) Social Competence, is the teacher's ability to communicate and interact effectively with students, fellow educators, educational staff, parents/guardians of students and the surrounding community. 4) Professional Competence, competency in mastering learning material broadly and in depth which includes mastery of curriculum subject matter in schools and the scientific substance that overshadows the material. Competency development efforts are the ability of a teacher to carry out obligations in a responsible and appropriate manner to achieve effective and efficient learning outcomes. Efforts to develop teacher competence are as follows: 1) certification program, 2) increasing teacher competency and professionalism, 3) participating in teacher upgrading, 4) attending teacher deliberations in subject areas, 5) attending courses, and 6) increasing knowledge through mass media or the media electronic.

Palaeoliths and Pareidolia: Photography and Archaeological Stone Collecting From the Discovery of Deep Time to the Eolith Controversies

Photography played an important part in the revelation of deep time in the later nineteenth century, leading to the invention of a new epoch – the palaeolithic. This article investigates how photography participated in creating palaeoliths, eoliths, and stone collectables in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century when the boundaries between artefacts and non-artefacts, culture and nature, were at issue. I examine the emergence of visual conventions for depicting ancient stone implements in archaeological publications and museums and the development of standardized artefact photography. I investigate how the mechanical objectivity of photography was deployed in archaeological experiments demonstrating that eoliths, like photographs, could be produced using non-human agencies. I explore the utopian and left-wing cultures of collecting and photographing figure-stones and picture-stones; collecting cultures based around an alternative connoisseurship of pareidolia – the “primitive” skill of discerning animals, faces and body parts in stones. Comparing case studies of authenticated, unauthenticated, and, hoax artefacts, I examine how authentication practices preserved the personal authority of archaeological specialists, by emphasizing encounters between experts and stones, over those between experts and photographs. Photography always had the potential to destabilize the power relations of archaeological authentication, but, in practice, reinforced and extended them.

The Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic on Crimes in The Province of Isabela

This paper focuses on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on crimes, particularly on the prevailing crimes, crime trends, crime schemes or commissions, and the Police response to the crimes between non-pandemic and pandemic periods. The study used an explanatory sequential approach to reciprocally support groups of data. The quantitative data is taken from the PNP Crime Information Reporting and Analysis System (CIRAS) of cities and selected municipalities affected by COVID-19 in the Province of Isabela. The qualitative data were collected through a semi-structured interview with the Chief of Police and investigators of the station. The study revealed that homicide, rape, violation of RA No. 11332, and vehicular incidents were the most committed. Intoxication is the key player in crimes and a shift to the subject was noted. The upward trajectory of crime during the pandemic was interconnected with the violation of the Republic Act (R.A.) No. 11332 through disobedience and arrogance to the person in authority. Income-related crimes are noted to have just emerged while work-and-business-related crimes have gone during the pandemic. The crime trend shows that if the pandemic persists, crimes dynamically trail an upward trend. The PNP in the Province of Isabela strictly adheres to its mandates and shows resiliency in pandemic crimes and COVID-19.

FACTORS OF EXTREMISM IN UNORGANIZED ADOLESCENT ENVIRONMENT (PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT)

Among the group socio-psychological factors, the following can be distinguished: attitudes, prejudices of parents; views, beliefs of the reference group (including a group of peers); influence of authoritative persons in the conditions of the reference group, etc. stress as a result of social modernization and integration/disintegration processes in society; The above factors act along with personal factors, among which are: ideas, attitudes of adolescents; individual psychological characteristics (increased suggestibility, aggressiveness, low sensitivity and a sense of empathy, individual characteristics of reactivity and the course of mental processes); emotional characteristics (a state of mental tension).

COV-19 RELATED DISCOURSE GENERIC ANALYSES

COVID-19 related discourse has been gaining widespread attention due to its extension and coverage area (geographical area, age groups, layers of society, etc.). It can therefore be argued that the problem is global and sorting it out goes far of the local medical interventions. Cov-19 related discourse, presented by authoritative persons on the press conference (which is not a coincidental area and plays an intermediary role), responsible for preventing the society from killing virus requires not only medical treatment but the real art of communication as well.&#x0D; On the one hand, selecting an efficient communicative strategy and on the other, analyzing a real idea lying under meticulously chosen generic features requires generic analyses of either discourse or a text.&#x0D; This paper is established on corpus based linguistic analysis, which enabled us to identify the frequency and apportioning of each discourse marker observed in target empirical material, to highlight dominant and supplementary discourse features, to strengthen hypotheses that Cov-19 related discourse or a text is hybrid. Over and above that, analyses outcome, sheds new light on generic features of COVID-19 related discourse and opens a wider scope for a socio-critical look at what responsible persons do with language and why do they do it.