Personal Identity Research Articles

Outcome Domains of Professional Doctorates in Nursing: An International Three-Phase Exploratory Study.

Professional Doctorate Programmes (PDP) in nursing continue to develop across many countries. However, there is a lack of evidence demonstrating the impact on nurses who graduate from these programmes and the outcomes they deliver. This exploratory study aims to identify graduate outcome domains that can be applied internationally to evaluate professional doctorate programmes in nursing. Underpinned by Kim's theory of knowledge development in nursing, this innovative exploratory study was carried out in three phases: (1) a scoping review of literature published between 1 January 2000 and 1 July 2023, guided by the methodology developed by Arksey and O'Malley; (2) a document analysis of the graduate outcomes of three different universities' Professional Doctorate Programmes in Nursing and (3) a thematic analysis and coalescence of the findings from the initial two study phases. A scoping review revealed three patterns in the literature related to graduate outcomes: personal transformation, critical self-awareness and bridging the theory-practice divide. An analysis of three universities' Professional Doctorate Programmes revealed insights into documented graduate outcomes. The third and final research phase identified five graduate outcome domains: Personal achievement, critical self-awareness and professional identity, professional citizenship, discipline, research and information literacy and community-based academic practice. The impact of Professional Doctorate Programmes in nursing has traditionally lacked consensus and clarity. However, this research has led to the identification of graduate outcome domains that offer valuable insights for establishing new professional doctoral programmes and conducting meaningful evaluations of the outcomes of existing PDP and their graduates globally. This exploratory study establishes five graduate outcome domains for evaluating the effectiveness of PDP in nursing internationally. These domains offer valuable benchmarks for the development and assessment of such nursing programmes globally. Not applicable.

Legal Protection of Notaries in Document Validation through Technology-Based Systems: A Comparative Legal Review of Indonesia, the United States, the Netherlands, and Australia

This paper examines the legal framework and challenges notaries face in adopting technology-based systems for document validation in Indonesia, with a comparative analysis involving the United States, the Netherlands, and Australia. Indonesia's legal framework, particularly Law No. 2 of 2014 on the Office of Notary, has yet to fully accommodate electronic signatures and remote notarization. The requirement for in-person meetings for authenticating notarial acts creates a regulatory barrier to implementing cyber notary services. Furthermore, Indonesian notaries face limited access to essential data systems, such as Dukcapil (Civil Registration Directorate) and BPN (National Land Agency), complicating the verification of personal identity and property documents. In contrast, the United States has adopted e-notary systems, using blockchain technology to ensure data integrity and mitigate fraud risks. The Netherlands provides an integrated platform, allowing notaries to validate documents remotely by accessing national databases in real time. Meanwhile, Australia has implemented a Digital Identity Program to facilitate efficient online authentication of documents. These innovations demonstrate how interoperability, regulatory flexibility, and digital literacy can enhance notary services and legal certainty. This paper proposes regulatory reforms in Indonesia, including revising existing laws to support remote notarization and electronic signatures. Second, developing integrated data platforms for real-time access. Third, providing training programs for notaries to adopt new technologies and ensure data security. By aligning Indonesia’s legal framework with international best practices, cyber notary services can enhance efficiency, security, and legal protection for both notaries and the public, meeting the demands of the digital era.Comparison

ATGAN: attention-based temporal GAN for EEG data augmentation in personal identification

With the development of brain–computer interfaces in recent years, deep learning models have been widely used in EEG-based personal identification. The training of complex models requires a large amount of data, but the acquisition of EEG signals is very time-consuming and energy-consuming. EEG data augmentation can reduce the overhead of EEG data acquisition and provide the data volume required by various complex models, which is conducive to applying EEG identification in practice. The generative adversarial network (GAN) has been applied to augment EEG data features. But the augmentation of temporal EEG signals is less studied. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of temporal EEG data augmentation based on an attention mechanism time series generative adversarial network (ATGAN), which can expand the original EEG dataset to facilitate the training of downstream deep learning classifiers. The experiment is conducted on the BCI Competition IV 2a dataset. The ATGAN model is trained with the temporal EEG signals after preprocessing, and the generated augmentation data by ATGAN is used to expand the original dataset. The accuracy of the EEG-based identification task on the augmented dataset is 7.78% higher than that on the original dataset, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Building a social identity theory of stigmatized sexual practice: Exploring BDSM practitioner identity formation within interviews from an Israeli sample

ABSTRACT Despite growing interest in the psychologies and social lives of those involved in BDSM, we know too little regarding BDSM identity formation. To address this, we integrate theories of group psychology and social interaction to explore BDSM identity formation and negotiation. Thematic analysis of 16 in-depth interviews with a convenience sample of Israeli BDSM practitioners, suggests three important aspects of BDSM personal and group identity development, including disclosure management, community discovery and involvement, and negotiating evolving personal identities within the group. Practitioners describe negotiating identity disclosure; successful, failed, or declined integration into BDSM communities; and negotiating shifting identities. BDSM practitioners must navigate whether and how personal identities fit with sexual norms within a larger societal context (e.g., Israel) and within BDSM communities, risking stigma when violating these standards. Yet, we find that, while groups constrain, they also provide support for those who challenge social constraints.

National Identities, Migration Histories and Attitudes to Independence in Scotland

This article uses data from the 2021 Scottish Election Study to apply both established and relatively rare or unique approaches to understanding the interrelationships between personal national identities, attitudes regarding the (Scottish) nation and independence, and people's own/family migration histories. Analysis broadly substantiates previous research in Scotland on the effects of birthplace, parentage and length of residence on national identities, and similarly highlights that previously established ‘non-alignment’ between national identities and position on Scottish independence extends to how the latter is associated with personal and family migration histories. The paper also makes at least three distinctive contributions. First, it highlights the significance of socialisation in Scotland, particularly in early childhood, for migrants’ personal national identities and attitudes to Scottish nationhood and independence. Second, it suggests only limited variation in the degree to which personal biographical characteristics are associated with perceptions that Scotland has distinct values compared to other parts of the UK. Third, it demonstrates that social connections to England via birthplace, family and/or prior residence do not invariably affect national identities and attitudes to Scottish independence, but that those with the strongest associations to England are substantially less likely to prioritise a Scottish identity or support Scottish independence.

Personal Identity Matters

Abstract This article considers whether process philosophy can provide a more promising basis for understanding the closely related problems of persons and personal identity than more traditional or mainstream philosophical approaches. In particular, the article focuses on whether process conceptions of persons and personal identity provide an approach that offers greater potential for resolving the duplication and fission examples within the literature in this area than the approaches taken by Bernard Williams and Derek Parfit.

Living with a permanent ostomy: a descriptive phenomenological study on postsurgical experiences in patients with colorectal cancer

ObjectivesTo explore the postsurgery lived experiences of patients with colorectal cancer with a permanent ostomy for informing initiatives to improve patient care and future quantitative research.DesignA descriptive qualitative phenomenological study.SettingWe...

Derek Parfit, personal identity, and the obligation to reduce others’ suffering

Derek Parfit, personal identity, and the obligation to reduce others’ suffering

Sizzling steaks and manly molds: Exploring the meanings of meat and masculinities in young men’s lives

Eating (red) meat and masculinity are historically and culturally associated, leading to the stereotype “real men eat meat” in western society. Existing literature primarily examines men’ motivations, justifications, and attitudes toward meat consumption; however, there is limited understanding of the themes that emerging adult men associate with their meat consumption and how these themes relate to their masculine identity. This study employed semi-structured interviews with thirty men aged 18 to 29, living in Flanders, Belgium. Through inductive analysis, we identified five meat themes (i.e. the topics men talk about when discussing their meat-eating behavior): “traditional cuisine”, “doing meat”, “fitness”, “taste”, and “meat ethics”. Subsequently, these themes were deductively connected to the frameworks of Wong and Wang’s (2022) model of masculinities and Piazza et al.’s (2015) 4N scale of meat justification to gain insight into the link between masculine identities and meat consumption. Finally, we formulated five “masculine meat identities”: “normative”, “performative”, “embodied”, “hedonistic” and “ethical” meat masculinities. Each identity reflects how men utilize meat, particularly red meat, for communicating and reinforcing their masculine identity, while also serving as a medium for expressing personal and social identities. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how food, especially meat, operates as a means of communicating gender, bridging the disciplines of food and masculinities studies. Moreover, insights obtained from these masculine meat identities provide implications for public health, marketing, and policy. By tailoring strategies that resonate with diverse masculine identities, stakeholders can better align their initiatives with global health and sustainable objectives.

E-Professionalism's Impact on Dental Professionalism: A Rapid Scoping Review.

Dental regulators and educational institutions are increasingly concerned about the influence of digital platforms used by the profession for social, business, digital interaction with the public/patients and its impact on the professionalism in practice now and going forward. However, academic knowledge and research within dentistry are relevant to e-professionalism at a level of engagement and approach in delivering guidance to students through the current dental curriculum. The question therefore asked was what breadth of academic material, research, debate and discourse is available to inform our understanding, guidance and teaching on this ever-evolving topic. To map how e-professionalism has developed in academic dental literature as a topic within the study of professionalism in practice. A rapid scoping review was conducted to identify published research that describes and tests the topic of professionalism from 2016 to 2023. Studies were synthesised narratively using thematic analysis to inform the understanding of what has been already researched in the field. Thirteen articles were included in the review. After undertaking a thematic analysis, five themes were constructed. These included: curriculum, opportunities and safe professional use, reflections, personal and professional identity issues, and students as co-creators. Within dental research there is consensus that e-professionalism could present a tangible threat to the identity of dental professionals their clinical practice and interaction with patients/public however, less is known about what educational strategies are most effective when teaching e-professionalism.

Automated Fingerprint Identification System

Abstract: AFIS is regarded as one of the greatest advancements in biometric systems as it enables fast and efficient identification of an individual by their distinct fingerprint designs. This system employs the use of digital imaging, finger-power techniques and other technologies in the storage and comparison of fingerprints. With AFIS, fingerprint images are all digitized making it easier to carry out crime investigations, border control and general identification of persons. The strength of AFIS systems is evidenced by the increased accuracy levels along with the capacity to accommodate numerous records and still allow for fast searches by fingerprinting matching to existing images for law enforcement on file. Some problems nevertheless persist which include the quality of fingerprints and environmental interferences, however machine learning and artificial intelligence improvements are still being incorporated into the systems to make them work even better. This paper investigates the system architecture and components, operational aspects, and prospects for development of the AFIS technology, which is essential in contemporary informational security

John Locke: entre a animalidade e a humanidade

The aim of this text is to analyse the arguments that Locke mobilises to demonstrate the difference between animals and humans, from the perspective of personal identity. It is divided into two parts: in the first, the presence of the parrot in Brazil will be evoked, from which Locke draws his example to discuss human identity, a task that will be developed in the second part. We hope to contribute to the debate on the relationship between humans and non-humans, particularly in the English seventeenth century.

Mistakes in Personal Identification Attempts

The following study is meant to present the most frequent mistakes (dangers) of identity parades (line-up, recognition) and their possible consequences, such as for instance the worst outcome: justizmord, (miscarriage of justice). The author analyses sources of criminal tactical and criminal technical major errors through real international and Hungarian homicide cases and suggests legislative changes “de lege ferenda” as well as preventive methods and tactics for law enforcers and criminalists as well.

Metagenomic sequencing of CRISPRs as a new marker to aid in personal identification with low-biomass samples.

The high specificity of the human skin microbiome is expected to provide a new marker for personal identification. Metagenomic sequencing of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs), which we call metaCRISPR typing, was shown to achieve personal identification accurately. However, the intra-individual variability observed in previous studies, which may be due to poor DNA yields from skin samples, has resulted in non-reproducible results. Furthermore, whether metaCRISPR typing can assist in the forensic human DNA analysis of low-biomass samples, from which the information obtained is insufficient, is unknown. In the present study, we sequenced serially diluted control streptococcal CRISPRs cloned into plasmids to determine the minimum copy number required to obtain reproducible results from metaCRISPR typing. We found that at least 102 copies of CRISPRs are necessary to obtain reproducible results. We then analyzed the skin swab samples using both metaCRISPR typing and human DNA typing. When the DNA extracted from the skin swabs was diluted, no information was obtained from six out of eight samples by human DNA typing. On the other hand, beta diversity indices of spacer sequences compared with reference samples were below 0.8 for three out of six samples, for which no information was obtained from human DNA analysis, indicating that the spacers observed in these samples were similar to those in the references. These results indicate that metaCRISPR typing may contribute to the identification of individuals from whom the samples were obtained, even in cases where human DNA yields are insufficient to perform human DNA analysis.IMPORTANCEPrevious studies have developed new personal identification methods utilizing personal differences in the skin microbiome. However, intra-individual diversity of skin microbiome may preclude the application of microbiome-based personal identification. Moreover, no study has compared microbiome-based personal identification and practical human DNA analysis. Here, we revealed that the results of metaCRISPR typing, a previously developed microbiome-based personal identification method, are stable if the copy number of the marker gene is sufficient. We then analyzed the skin swab samples using both metaCRISPR typing and human DNA analysis. Our results indicate that metaCRISPR typing may provide additional information for personal identification using low-biomass samples that cannot be used for conventional human DNA analysis.

Genetic Enhancement and Problems of Personal Identity

There are various discussions on personal identity in philosophy. Some differences of opinions exist in western philosophy regarding the criteria that needs to be fulfilled for two different persons at two different times to be considered as identical. Some philosophers think if physical continuity exists between the persons before and after, then they are identical. Some philosophers go against this and think that only psychological continuity must exist between the persons before and after to be considered as identical. There are also some philosophers who think only if both physical and psychological continuity exist between two persons at two different times, then they can be considered identical. The answer to the question , which of the three criteria, i.e. physical, psychological or mixed, is acceptable as the criteria of personal identity - is entwined with a very important question : when an entity becomes a person. In this paper, personhood of an entity, whether a fetus and who are in vegetative state can be considered as a person etc will be discussed along with another issue on whether personal identity changes after genetic enhancement.

The concept of personality and national identity in contemporary Kazakh prose

Colonialism has had a profoundly negative impact on national consciousness. Although the Republic of Kazakhstan has gained independence, it has not yet fully overcome the adverse effects of colonialism on its national consciousness. A portion of the Kazakh people has been Russified. Meanwhile, the younger generation, raised in their native language, either lacks a deep understanding of or is gradually forgetting the foundations of national identity that date back to ancient times. During the Soviet era, communist ideology prevented the population from truly knowing their history, traditions, and beliefs. In this context, literature plays a crucial role in reviving national memory. This article examines the concept of personality in literary works and the uniqueness of national identity based on the works of several contemporary authors. The introduction provides an overview of researchers’ conclusions related to the concept of personality. The ancient origins of national identity—sacred elements, rituals, shamanism, and the mystical connections between humans, nature, and animals—as depicted in literary works are analyzed within the dynamics of the present day, alongside the fates of the characters. The desecration of sacred elements is not merely ignorance but a sign of the erasure of national memory; rituals are not just words but embody sacred concepts accumulated from centuries of the people’s experience, which are reflected in the works. Accordingly, the research article analyzes and provides examples from several literary works. In compiling conclusions about the concept of personality, the study utilized descriptive, biographical, and socio-psychological methods to describe national identity in literary works and its ancient manifestations, as well as the depiction of sacred elements and rituals.

The Evolution and Mainstreaming of Subcultures:Challenges and the Pursuit of Harmonious Coexistence

With the rise of consumer culture, the diversification of personal identity needs, and the strong influence of social media, niche subcultures are gradually developing towards mass popularization. This article delineates the definitions of subculture articulated by scholars across different eras, exploring subculture’s true essence and its gradual evolution into a “cultural mosaic” and penetration into mainstream culture. Combined with the statistics on the number of views of subculture content on social media, this paper reveals the widespread popularity of contemporary subculture. However, further investigation reveals various challenges and issues subcultures face, both internal and external, in mainstreaming, including social stereotypes, legal restrictions, conflicts with mainstream ideologies, and the inherent exclusivity of subcultures. Moreover, mainstreaming subcultures has introduced a series of negative effects, such as cultural alienation, the loss of original spirit and values due to commercialization, and the dilution and erosion of cultural essence. These phenomena pose a potential threat to the uniqueness of subcultures.

Use of QRCode and Digital Signature Using The DSA Method to Authenticate Student Academic Documents

Verification of digital documents is no longer done conventionally but is also done digitally, such as signatures on documents. A signature is a means of authentic evidence as well as proving a person's identity, is a means of proving the authenticity or validity of an agreement or approval for something in a document issued by two or more parties so that it can be used as a solution to verify the integrity of valid data in a document. Application of signatures Digital is also commonly used at the North Sumatra Islamic University (UINSU) Medan, especially in student study documents. Even though UINSU Medan has implemented digital signatures, this application is still a signature image obtained through scanning or photos and manually inserted into a document so that other people can easily reuse the signature image and it can even be misused. To facilitate the digital signature process, the code generated from the signature formation process is entered into a QR code so that it is easy to use to carry out the electronic document authentication process. Researchers will use QR codes and digital signatures to authenticate student documents using the DSA method. This research will be implemented into an application model with PHP and MySQL programming. The student document authentication application model using the DSA method works well as evidenced by the QRCode which contains document token information which is different for each document so that it cannot be duplicated by non-owners of the document.

Impact of body mass index on aortic valve stenosis and its clinical outcomes in early adulthood: a long-term study of young men

Abstract Aims Studies investigating associations between body mass index (BMI), incidence of aortic valve stenosis (AVS), and clinical outcomes in AVS patients are scarce. Purpose To investigate the relationship between BMI in youth and subsequent diagnosis of AVS. A secondary aim was to determine the role of obesity in clinical outcomes in individuals diagnosed with AVS. Methods This was a nationwide, register-based cohort study of 1 701 390 men (mean age, 18.3 ±0.8 years) enrolled in compulsory conscription for military service in Sweden from 1969 through 2005. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, fitness, muscle strength and IQ were recorded at baseline. AVS cases and cardiovascular outcomes were identified according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 registered in the National patient register and Cause of Death Register through the Swedish 12-digit personal identification number. BMI (kg/m2) was categorized as <18.5, 18.5–<20, 20–<22.5, 22.5–<25, 25–<27.5, 27.5 <30, 30–<35, and 35–<50 kg/m2. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association between adolescent BMI and future hospitalization for AVS while adjusting for potential confounders. The BMI reference was set as 20–<22.5. Those who developed AVS formed a subcohort that was followed until a first clinical cardiovascular outcome of death, cardiovascular mortality, Heart failure, Atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, or ischaemic stroke. Results During a median follow-up of 32 years (IQR, 24-41 years), 5766 cases (mean age 54.7±9.4 years) of AVS were diagnosed. After adjustment, underweight subjects with a BMI of <18.5 kg/m2, compared to those with a low-normal BMI (20.0–<22.5 kg/m2) showed lower risk (HR 0.70; 95% CI 0.61–0.80) of AVS. The multivariable-adjusted HR for AVS increased from HR 1.28; 95% CI 1.17–1.39 for BMI 22.5–<25 kg/m2 to HR 1.91; 95% CI 1.12–3.25 for those with BMI 35–50 kg/m2. Further on, individuals diagnosed with AVS were followed for a median of ~5.5 years. The multivariable-adjusted HR for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and heart failure for obese (BMI 30–50 kg/m2), compared to BMI <20.0 kg/m2 in men diagnosed with AVS, were 4.69 (95% CI 2.61–8.44), 4.09 (95% CI 1.72–9.73), and 2.76 (95% CI, 1.36–5.60), respectively. Conclusions Elevated BMI in youth, even within the normal range, is associated with increased risk of developing AVS, while subnormal BMI was protective. Excess weight in youth diagnosed with AVS is associated with higher risk of subsequent clinical outcomes. These findings are novel, generating new questions as to potential mechanisms and implying more vigilant monitoring of patients with AVS and a history of obesity in youth.Figure 1Figure 2

Long-term outcomes in women diagnosed with heart failure in connection to delivery

Abstract Background Heart failure (HF) among young patients may be from various causes, often triggered by heightened physical demands like pregnancy. Data regarding outcomes of women diagnosed with HF in conjunction to pregnancy and delivery are varied. There remains a notable gap in understanding the outcomes observed in women diagnosed with heart failure in conjunction with delivery. Also, long-term follow-up studies are crucial to elucidate the impact of pregnancy-associated HF on future cardiovascular. Purpose To study the interplay between pregnancy, HF, and subsequent cardiovascular risk. Method Using the personal identification numbers (PINs) that all individuals in Sweden have enables linkage of data between different registers. Data from the National Patient Register (NPR), Swedish Medical Birth Register (MBR) and the Cause of Death Register were also used. All women 18 to 50 years of age registered in the in MBR in the period 1st January 1997 to 31st December 2019 were included. Women with first-time HF in relation to delivery were identified using the international classification code for diseases (ICD-10) I50, I42, I43 and 090.3 together with co-morbidities. Every patient was compared with 5 controls without HF from the Total Population Register matched on age at delivery and calendar year of delivery. Outcomes: all-cause mortality, and any cardiovascular disease (CVD) diagnosed during the observation time. Results A total of 286 cases and 1,430 controls were included. The prevalence of comorbidities at baseline for both patients and controls was low; congenital heart disease (1.4%, vs. 0%), pulmonary hypertension (1.0% vs. 0%), valvular heart disease (5.9% vs. 0%), myocardial infarction 0.7% vs. 0%), arrhythmia (5.9% vs. 0%), hypertension (6.3 % vs. 0.1%), (all p<0.05). Preeclampsia prior to HF diagnosis had 31% of patients vs. 0.2% of controls (p<0.001). Patients exhibited higher mortality rates at 4.9% during median follow up 9.0 (IQR 5.6-13.0) years vs. 0.3%, median follow up 9.4 (6.2-13.5) years and hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause mortality HR (95% CI) of 18.20 (5.99 - 55.31) (p<0.001) compared to controls. During median follow up of 3.2 (0.0-9.2) years 60.1% of patients were diagnosed with CVD both at in-/out-patient settings compared with 4.1% in controls during 9.4 (5.8-13.5) years of follow up. Comparing patients with controls the HR (95% CI) was 22.24 (16.50 - 29.96) p<0.0001 for CVD diagnosis during follow-up, see Figure 1. Conclusion In conjunction with delivery, and in the years thereafter, women with heart failure diagnosis had more than eighteen times higher risk of mortality than women without heart failure. The risk of CVD event in the heart failure group is highest in conjunction with delivery. Figure 1. Cumulative incidence functions for all-cause mortality, CVD in- or out-patient visit adjusted for death as competing risk, comparing cases with controls.