Persistent Problem Research Articles

COVID‐19 crisis, Romanian Roma migrant women, and the temporary geographies of lockdown in the Spanish home

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic exposed the persistent problem of gender, class and racial inequality that has been neglected or poorly addressed globally. The effect of the lockdowns and other pandemic restrictions on the home cannot be undermined. Additionally, investigations on the relationship between Roma migrant women, household practices and the COVID‐19 pandemic still warrant more exploration in the social scientific literature. This research investigates these topics through the lens of Romanian Roma migrant women in Spain during the pandemic. Using geographies of home and gender perspectives based on focus group interviews with Roma women in eastern Spain, we claim that these women encountered multiple problems during the pandemic, built through replication of practices, objects and rhetoric of home. The findings suggest that home has not lost its utility, as the experiences of Roma migrant women during the COVID‐19 crisis give fresh aspects for reconsidering the living conditions for women and their families under restricted pandemic circumstances. We conclude that Roma women reproduce and co‐produce the home as a living space in times of pandemic crisis.

Smoking cessation: why is it a persistent problem in patients with peripheral artery disease?

Nurses play a key role in advising patients to quit smoking, especially those with long-term conditions including cardiovascular disease. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an increasingly prevalent condition, and is the third most common presentation of atherosclerotic disease after coronary heart disease and stroke. Smoking cessation is crucial for patients with PAD but can be very challenging. Stopping smoking reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and improves claudication symptoms in patients with PAD. Those who continue to smoke are at higher risk of disease progression, amputation, myocardial infarction and death, and have poorer therapeutic outcomes. Quitting smoking is difficult, and patients should be offered a combination of behavioural and drug therapy. Nurses can provide several interventions to help patients quit and prevent relapse. A pilot study in a large London hospital found that no smokers had been referred to smoking cessation services by their vascular clinician (although some had been referred by their GP), given brief cessation advice or told how smoking cessation was essential for vascular preservation. Many thought smoking cessation programmes would not work.

Resilience-Informed Community Violence Prevention and Community Organizing Strategies for Implementation: Protocol for a Hybrid Type 1 Implementation-Effectiveness Trial.

Community violence is a persistent and challenging public health problem. Community violence not only physically affects individuals, but also its effects reverberate to the well-being of families and entire communities. Being exposed to and experiencing violence are adverse community experiences that affect the well-being and health trajectories of both children and adults. In the United States, community violence has historically been addressed through a lens of law enforcement and policing; the impact of this approach on communities has been detrimental and often ignores the strengths and experiences of community members. As such, community-centered approaches to address violence are needed, yet the process to design, implement, and evaluate these approaches is complex. Alternatives to policing responses are increasingly being implemented. However, evidence and implementation guidance for community-level public health approaches remain limited. This study protocol seeks to address community violence through a resilience framework-Adverse Community Experiences and Resilience (ACE|R)-being implemented in a major US city and leveraging a strategy of community organizing to advance community violence prevention. The objective of this research is to understand the impact of community-level violence prevention interventions. Furthermore, we aim to describe the strategies of implementation and identify barriers to and facilitators of the approach. This study uses a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation design. Part 1 of the study will assess the effectiveness of the ACE|R framework plus community organizing by measuring impacts on violence- and health-related outcomes. To do so, we plan to collect quantitative data on homicides, fatal and nonfatal shootings, hospital visits due to nonaccidental injuries, calls for service, and other violence-related data. In Part 2 of the study, to assess the implementation of ACE|R plus community organizing, we will collect process data on community engagement events, deliver community trainings on community leadership and organizing, and conduct focus groups with key partners about violence and violence prevention programs in Milwaukee. This project received funding on September 1, 2020. Prospective study data collection began in the fall of 2021 and will continue through the end of 2023. Data analysis is currently underway, and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2024. Community violence is a public health problem in need of community-centered solutions. Interventions that center community and leverage community organizing show promise in decreasing violence and increasing the well-being of community members. Methods to identify the impact of community-level interventions continue to evolve. Analysis of outcomes beyond violence-specific outcomes, including norms and community beliefs, may help better inform the short-term and proximal impacts of these community-driven approaches. Furthermore, hybrid implementation-effectiveness trials allow for the inevitable contextualization required to disseminate community interventions where communities drive the adaptations and decision-making. DERR1-10.2196/50444.

ANTIBIOTIC-TARGETED CEMENT RODS IN CHRONIC OSTEOMYELITIS: LONG-TERM OUTCOMES FROM A LEVEL ONE SOUTH AFRICAN TRAUMA CENTRE

Fracture related infection, in particular chronic osteomyelitis, requires complex management plans. Meta analyses and systematic reviews have not found a gold standard of treatment for this disease. In 2017 an alternative treatment protocol was undertaken in our institution; whereby staged surgery with the use of cheaply manufactured tailored antibiotic cement rods was used in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis, secondary to traumatic long bone fractures. Short term outcomes for this protocol demonstrated a 75.7% microbiological resolution to a negative culture and a good clinical outcome of 84.2% overall was demonstrated in terms of sinus resolution, skin changes, pain and function. Our aim now was to assess the long term outcomes of this treatment strategy.A cross-sectional study of patients who had previously undergone the set treatment protocol was performed. Patient satisfaction, effects on activities of daily living, return to work and clinical improvement at 5 years following the intervention were assessed using a patient questionnaire and the validated AAOS lower limb score.The average AAOS lower limb score was 88 which was en par to other similar studies. 80% of patients had returned to some form of work. Ongoing mild pain was a persistent problem for 50% of the patients however 98% of the patients were overall satisfied with the treatment satisfaction at 5 years. Only 1 patient required further treatment. 8 patients could not be located for follow up.Chronic osteomyelitis remains a complex disease to treat. This treatment protocol demonstrates favourable microbiological, serological and clinical short term outcomes and favourable patient satisfaction and functional long term outcomes at 5 years. Our study highlights antibiotic targeted cement rods as a feasible treatment option in managing chronic osteomyelitis.

More than just a game: Understanding how internet games are used in times of stress

Problematic Internet gaming is considered a type of behavioural addiction, but such a perspective carries a risk of pathologising common behaviours and stigmatising non-problematic Internet gameplay. The mechanisms underlying problematic Internet gaming are complex and to gain a better understanding it is important to investigate the real-life experiences of gamers. This study aimed to give insight into the experiences of people who have played World of Warcraft (WoW) in times of real-life stress. A convergent mixed-methods approach was used to combine both qualitative and quantitative data (N = 46) which were collected from a larger survey of adult WoW players. First, qualitative data were subjected to thematic networks analysis, and themes related to playing WoW to cope with stress were identified. Second, integration of themes and scores on a measure of Negative Gaming Outcomes (NGOs) was made. Findings suggested that escapism in the online video game context taps into three distinct concepts: avoidance, distraction, and immersion. While distraction and immersion emerged as a form of self-care, avoidance as playing to forget was linked to more problematic outcomes. Participants displayed present and retrospective awareness that their gaming had become problematic, supporting the notion that there may be two pathways to problematic Internet gaming – one temporarily limited (e.g., a temporary reaction to an event) which may remedy itself, and the other leading to more pervasive and persistent problems related to maladaptive coping strategies. This research helps to elucidate how gamers respond to stress and offers new insight into how their responses translate to problematic gaming outcomes.

Ohio community pathway HUB: The cost benefit of supporting minority mothers

Ohio has a persistent infant mortality problem. A Pathway Community HUB model of care is used across the state of Ohio to provide supports to at-risk minority women during their pregnancies and after the birth of their children. To measure the success of the Pathways HUB Community Action, a cost-benefit analysis assesses the benefits resulting from the investment in the program. Using provider data and national, state, and county-level birth statistics, a cost-benefit analysis was conducted. Results indicate that the cost benefit of these services is a safe investment at a 4.4 return on cost saving. Public funding for infant mortality prevention reaps not only improved birth outcomes but financial rewards far exceeding the costs of investment, justifying further investment. A full breakdown of the results is presented, and the implications for the level of cost saving is provided.

Machine Learning Model for Leak Detection Using Water Pipeline Vibration Sensor

Water leakage from aging water and wastewater pipes is a persistent problem, necessitating the improvement of existing leak detection and response methods. In this study, we conducted an analysis of essential features based on data collected from leak detection sensors installed at water meter boxes and water outlets of pipelines. The water pipeline data collected through the vibration sensor were preprocessed by converting it into a tabular form by frequency band and applied to various machine learning models. The characteristics of each model were analyzed, and XGBoost was selected as the most suitable leak detection model with a high accuracy of 99.79%. These systems can effectively reduce leak detection and response time, minimize water waste, and minimize economic losses. Additionally, this technology can be applied to various fields that utilize water pipes, making it widely applicable.

Prevalence and Pattern of Traditional Bullying, Amongst Secondary School Students in Yenagoa, Nigeria

Introduction: Traditional bullying (face to face bullying, that occurs within or around the school premises) among secondary school students is a persistent global public health problem; with varying long lasting mental, physical and academic consequences, not only on the victims but also the bullies and bystanders. It is a common phenomenon that is not limited to physical harm and manifests in many forms such as, verbal, or relational aggression, social exclusion and cyber victims of bullying. Bullying is commonly embedded in power imbalances and can be a call for help from the bullies. Development of an efficient prevention and intervention strategy requires understanding of the causes (family issues, low self esteem or lack of positive role models) of traditional bullying. This study therefore, aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern oftraditional bullying among secondaryschool students in Yenagoa Local Government, Bayelsa State Nigeria, which would aid development and implementation of appropriate antibullying policies. Methods: Adescriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2021to December 2021. Selection of the 1,108 students aged between 10-21years was done by a two-stage sampling technique. The 46-item Bully Survey questionnaire adapted in 2003 by Swearer et al was utilized for data collection. Quantitative data was summarised using descriptive statistics.Test of association was done using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests andbinomial logistic regression analysis was also done to examine associations between variables, withp-value of <0.05 considered significant. Results: Prevalence rates of 40.3%, 81.3%, and 86.3% were foundfor bullying perpetration, victimization and bystander respectively. Verbal bullying such as hauling of insults was the most common form of bullying behaviourperpetrated (64.8%); with sexual bullying being the least type observed (20%). Both bullying perpetration (46.9%) and victimization (88.3%) were significantly more common among female participants, while being a bullying bystander (99.4%) was commoner among male participants.Participants from junior classes were twice as more likely to perpetrate bullying(odds ratio[OR]:2.053, confidence interval[CI]:0.896-4.705). Also, those in schools with no anti-bullying policies were 1.26times more likely to be perpetrators of bullying ([OR] 1.269; CI: 0.229-7.031). School Class (p = 0.030) and absence of anti-bullying policy (p = 0.004) were significantly associated with bullying perpetration in the studied schools. Conclusion: The prevalence of traditional bullying among secondary school students in Yenagoa was very high. Wetherefore recommended that school authorities and the government should formulate appropriate school anti-bullying policies and implement same in order to curb the menace while shielding the weak groups from being victims of bullying in school.

Textbook Affordability Initiatives and Open Educational Resources: Complementary or Competing Approaches to a Persistent Problem?

This presentation investigates library support for textbook affordability initiatives and Open Educational Resources (OER) to consider the relative opportunities and limitations of both approaches. The literature has shown that the cost of textbooks—which has increased far beyond the rate of inflation—can be an obstacle to student success, especially for students from underrepresented groups. By sharing findings from published literature and results from focus groups and interviews conducted with teaching faculty, the speakers highlight both the incentives faculty have to collaborate with librarians to address the increasing costs of assigned materials as well as the challenges they face in adopting an OER or more affordable texts. The findings suggest that no single approach will solve this crisis and that creating viable solutions will require the support and buy-in of a variety of stakeholders.

In silico approach for evaluating the degradation efficiency of plastic degrading enzyme mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid hydrolase (MHETase) of selected bacteria

Plastics, which are complex polymers, have been a persistent problem due to their inherent non-biodegradability, despite their numerous applications. The huge piles of accumulated plastic are not only damaging to the environment, but also a major contributing factor to deteriorating human health. Over the years, plastic waste has been recycled and treated using conventional and advanced non-biodegradable waste treatment technologies such as incineration and landfilling, and pyrolysis and thermodegradation. However, these face their own set of challenges, and hence the use of microbial enzyme machineries to degrade plastic has recently garnered attention. We attempted to find the species that degrades mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid (MHET) with the highest efficiency in this study by using in silico screening of the enzyme mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid hydrolase (MHETase). Using the MHETase enzyme sequence of Ideonella sakaiensis as the query sequence, BLAST analysis was performed to identify the top 10 homologous sequences in other species. To identify the degrading efficiency, molecular docking using PatchDock between MHETase of different species with MHET as ligand was performed. The species Pigmentiphaga litoralis had the highest docking score of 3634, and this shows that this species degrades MHET most efficiently. The interaction studies showed that this docked molecule has 7 hydrophobic interactions and 1 hydrogen bonds. In the recent years, use of bioinformatics tools is unprecedented, growing fast and it became one of the important component in any biological research activity.

Ergot in Pacific Northwest Grass Seed Crops

AbstractErgot is a floral disease of grasses and a persistent problem in many cool‐season grass seed production systems. The disease is particularly important and challenging in irrigated perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass seed production systems in Oregon and Washington. This article will discuss ergot biology, epidemiology, and management in grass seed crops as well as current and future research efforts. Earn 1 CEU in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.

67 Extending Evidence of Validity for Symptom Severity Classification of the PostConcussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI)

Objective:External validation of symptom severity classification levels for the PostConcussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI).Participants and Methods:Two distinct samples of parents and children, ages 8-18, participated from a: (1) prospective multicenter cohort study (Predicting Persistent Post-concussive Problems in Pediatrics, 5P) (Zemek et al., 2016), including parents (n=2,852), adolescents (n=1,087; mean age=15.13; 54% male), and children (n=1,271; mean age=10.70; 65% male) and (2) published clinic sample at Children’s National Hospital (CN) including parents (n=1,197; adolescents, n=835; children, n=326) (Gioia et al., 2019). Participants completed the age-specific Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI): Mean time postinjury = 8 hours (5P), 6 days (PCSI2), generating a post-pre-injury difference (RAPID) score. The distribution of the RAPID scores for the Total Symptom and 4 subscales (physical, emotional, cognitive, sleep/fatigue) were examined to define 4 symptom severity classification levels (minimal - within the CI for recovered, low <20th %tile, moderate 21-79th %tile, high >80th %tile) for the respective samples. These severity distributions were compared between the two distinct datasets.Results:ANOVAs were performed to examine group differences in the mean scores for each of the 4 classification levels. No significant differences were found for all the RAPID score distributions with minimal effect sizes (<.1% variance) for the parents, adolescents and children. PCSI RAPID Total Score ranges for the severity classifications were as follows: Minimal-Parent and adolescent groups 5P<=5, Clinic <=5; Children: 5P<=3, Clinic<=3; Low- Parents 5P 6-15, Clinic 6-13; Adolescents 5P 6-19, Clinic 6-16; Children: 5P 4-7, Clinic: 4-7; Moderate-Parents 5P 16-49, Clinic 14-47; Adolescents 5P 20-56, Clinic 17-51; Children 5P 8-17, Clinic: 818; High- Parents: 5P>=50, Clinic >=48; Adolescents 5P >=57, Clinic >=52; Children 5P >=18, Clinic >=19).Conclusions:Our findings reveal a parallel distribution of RAPID scores in the two distinct 5P and Clinic patient populations, yielding nearly identical severity classification level parameters across all five PCSI symptom domains (total score, physical, cognitive, emotional, and sleep/fatigue). The present investigation provides evidence of validity for the use of these severity classification levels across the ED and specialty clinic settings.

4 Extending the 5P Clinical Decision Rule Predicting Concussion Recovery Using an Evidence-Based Assessment Model

Objective:Construction of predictive algorithms of concussion symptom recovery at 4 and 12 weeks post-injury using an evidence-based assessment (EBA) model to guide clinical decision-making, extending the 2016 5P decision rule.Participants and Methods:Children and adolescents, ages 8-18 (n=1,551; mean age=12.78; 62% male), followed over 12 weeks in the prospective multicenter cohort study (Predicting Persistent Post-Concussive Problems in Pediatrics, 5P; Zemek et al., 2016). The age-specific PostConcussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI) (8-12, 17 items; 1318 years, 20 items) was completed at six timepoints from the ED and at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12-weeks post-injury. Logistic regression analysis was applied to the set of key variables including the PCSI Total Retrospective-Adjusted PostInjury Difference (RAPID) scores, patient demographics and pre-injury history, and injury characteristics to predict participant recovery status (Recovered, Not Recovered) at the 4- and 12-week endpoints. The resulting recovery-predictive equations identified the significant sets of variables with symptom scores at four successive post-injury timepoints (ED, 1, 2, 4 weeks). Logistic Regression Threshold values were established at the 90th CI against which individual patient data was applied to determine recovery status. Participants with sub-threshold sums were deemed recovered at the target endpoint (4- or 12-weeks post-injury).Results:A total of 19 predictive equations were generated for the two age groups across the recovery timeline. Four sets of equations were developed to predict symptom recovery status at 4-weeks post-injury for the two age groups (8-12 AUC=0.679-0.884; 13-18 AUC=0.752-0.909). Prediction of symptom recovery status at 12-weeks post-injury yielded six equations for the 8-12 age group (AUC=0.723-0.825), and five equations for the 13-18 age group (AUC=0.724-0.887). Total PCSI RAPID score was identified as a significant variable in each of these 19 equations. Participant sex was identified as significant in 18 of the 19 constructed equations. Other variables that were identified as significant at varying timepoints included age, pre-injury history of learning disability and migraines, and an early post-injury sign in the ED (answering questions more slowly than usual). Examples of the equations include: Week 1 predicting symptom recovery status at 4-weeks: 8-12 yr group-(Sex*.802)+(week 1 Total RAPID Score*.142)+(Age2* .053)+(-3.851) with AUC=0.808; 13-18 yr group-(Sex*.980)+(Week 1 Total RAPID Score*.071)+(-3.261) with AUC=0.861.Conclusions:Clinicians’ management of the concussion recovery of children and adolescents can benefit from EBA guidance. The 5P dataset (Zemek et al., 2016) provides an important window into “typical” and “atypical” recovery trajectories, establishing an initial predictive decision rule for a 4-week recovery endpoint, at the ED timepoint only, reporting AUC=0.69. The current study extends the prediction modeling using successive post-injury timepoints reflecting a typical management timeline. Symptom reports from both 1- and 2-weeks post injury with patient demographics/ history predicted symptom recovery status at 4- and 12-weeks post-injury, significantly improve predictive accuracy over the ED timepoint alone. These predictive equations, when applied to the individual patient, can serve to assist the clinician’s understanding of the patients’ recovery trajectory, i.e., on track for a typical or atypical recovery, further informing the intervention strategy.

Detection of Vehicle Number Plate and Speed Using Machine Learning

In an era marked by a significant upsurge in vehicular traffic and the resultant increase in road accidents, the need for advanced traffic management systems is paramount. This paper presents an innovative solution, "Detection of vehicle number plate and speed using machine learning" which aims to enhance road safety by addressing the persistent problem of over-speeding. The project leverages state-of-the-art technologies, including machine learning, deep learning, and computer vision, to develop a smart system that can detect speeding vehicles, recognize license plates, and record crucial data related to speed limit violations. The primary motivation for this endeavor is the escalating rate of road accidents, particularly in India, driven by speeding in areas susceptible to accidents. The system employs image segmentation, corner detection algorithms, filtering algorithms, and automatic vehicle plate recognition techniques to achieve its objectives. By using machine learning and deep learning models, the system accurately identifies license plates, segments characters on these plates, and recognizes them. In summary, this project represents a significant advancement in road safety and traffic management. By deploying an intelligent system that can proactively detect over-speeding vehicles and maintain comprehensive records, it strives to create a safer and more responsible driving environment, ultimately working towards the prevention of accidents and saving lives. Key Words: Automatic Number Plate Recognition, Vehicle Speed Detection, Machine Learning, Computer Vision, Traffic Management.

26 Improvement in Executive Function Following Goal-Oriented Attentional Self-Regulation Training in Veterans with mTBI

Objective:Goal-Oriented Attentional Self-Regulation (GOALS) is a cognitive rehabilitation training that targets difficulties with executive control functions. Prior research has found that GOALS training improves executive function, functional outcomes, and PTSD symptoms in Veterans with comorbid PTSD and TBI. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of GOALS training versus an active time-matched Behavioral Health Education (BHE) intervention in military Veterans with history of mTBI and executive function difficulties.Participants and Methods:Thirty-four veterans with a history of mild TBI (>6 months post-injury) and cognitive difficulties were randomized to GOALS or BHE group intervention. GOALS is a cognitive rehabilitation intervention that incorporates mindfulness-based attention regulation training, and goal management strategies applied to participant-defined goals. It consists of ten 2-hour sessions administered in small group format, and three individual 1-hour sessions. The BHE group is a matched control condition that mirrors GOALS in terms of duration and level of involvement. Participants completed a comprehensive evaluation consisting of neuropsychological and ecologically valid functional performance measures of complex attention and executive function, before and after GOALS or BHE intervention. Overall neuropsychological attention/executive functioning included measures of working memory (Letter Number Sequencing, Auditory Consonant Trigrams), mental flexibility (Design & Verbal Fluency Switching, Trails B, Stroop Inhibition/Switching), inhibition (Stroop Inhibition), and sustained attention (Digit Vigilance). The Goal Processing Scale (GPS) was used to measure ecologically valid complex functional performance.Results:Post GOALS training, but not post BHE, participants significantly improved on measures of attention /executive function including overall performance (p=.02), working memory (p=.04), sustained attention (p=.03)., and inhibition (p=.01). On measures of complex functional task performance, post GOALS participants significantly improved in the domain of planning (p=.02).Conclusions:GOALS training improved performance on neuropsychological and ecologically valid functional measures of complex attention and executive function in Veterans with mild TBI and cognitive difficulties. The current study highlights how mindfulness-based attention regulation and goalmanagement strategies applied to personal goals has positive effects across various outcomes. A percentage of individuals with mTBI continue to report persistent problems with cognition and daily functioning. Cognitive rehabilitation training such as GOALS may be beneficial for those with persistent difficulties following mTBI, even in chronic phase.

Building a community-based taxonomic resource for digitization of parasites and their hosts

Abstract Classification of the biological diversity on Earth is foundational to all areas of research within the natural sciences. Reliable biological nomenclatural and taxonomic systems facilitate efficient access to information about organisms and their names over time. However, broadly sharing, accessing, delivering, and updating these resources remains a persistent problem. This barrier has been acknowledged by the biodiversity data sharing community, yet concrete efforts to standardize and continually update taxonomic names in a sustainable way remain limited. High diversity groups such as arthropods are especially challenging as available specimen data per number of species is substantially lower than vertebrate or plant groups. The Terrestrial Parasite Tracker Thematic Collections Network project developed a workflow for gathering expert-verified taxonomic names across all available sources, aligning those sources, and publishing a single resource that provides a model for future endeavors to standardize digital specimen identification data. The process involved gathering expert-verified nomenclature lists representing the full taxonomic scope of terrestrial arthropod parasites, documenting issues experienced, and finding potential solutions for reconciliation of taxonomic resources against large data publishers. Although discordance between our expert resources and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility are relatively low, the impact across all taxa affects thousands of names that correspond to hundreds of thousands of specimen records. Here, we demonstrate a mechanism for the delivery and continued maintenance of these taxonomic resources, while highlighting the current state of taxon name curation for biodiversity data sharing.

98 Insomnia - a prevalent and persistent problem in cardiac arrest survivors

98 Insomnia - a prevalent and persistent problem in cardiac arrest survivors

Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pelaku Pertambangan Timah Illegal di Kawasan Lintas Timur Dusun Tanjung Ratu Kabupaten Bangka

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p class="AbstractText">Community mining, as a means of fulfilling daily needs through the utilization of existing mining resources, is a prominent activity in various regions. This study delves into the specific issues surrounding mining practices within the East Cross area of Tanjung Ratu Hamlet in Bangka Regency. It critically examines the driving forces and factors enticing individuals to engage in this illegal tin mining activity while also assessing the effectiveness of law enforcement measures taken against such actors. Employing an empirical juridical approach, this research relies on field investigations to comprehend the on-ground realities and conditions. The study reveals a persistent trend of illegal tin mining activities being conducted by the local community in the Lintas Timur area of Dusun Tanjung Ratu, Kabupaten Bangka, dating back to the early stages of reform. Intriguingly, these illicit operations have extended beyond land boundaries into water territories, in direct contravention of Perda No. 3 of 2020, which designates the area as a zero mining zone. Consequently, those involved in mining activities within this zone are classified as illegal tin miners. Despite concerted law enforcement efforts, including police raids and other enforcement actions, the study exposes a glaring inefficacy in curbing these illicit mining activities, as many continue to operate even after such interventions. The study's primary objective is to shed light on the enforcement mechanisms employed against illegal tin mining in the Lintas Timur area of Dusun Tanjung Ratu, Kabupaten Bangka, while also highlighting the challenges encountered. Ultimately, it aims to offer policy recommendations to local governments for formulating more effective strategies to combat the persistent problem of illegal tin mining in Bangka Belitung.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

SQLI Attack: An Approach using ML and Hybrid Techniques

Abstract: Web-based systems are significantly at risk from SQL Injection Attacks (SQLIA), particularly in industries that handle sensitive data, like finance and healthcare. During these attacks, hostile actors insert false SQL queries into the database server of a web application in an effort to steal sensitive data. The use of classifiers and techniques like end-to-end deep learning and expanding the Aho-Corasick algorithm to detect SQLIA attacks have been covered in the literature. These researches have shed light on identifying and minimizing SQLIA, but the problem still exists. To detect and prevent SQLIA, a thorough methodology is suggested that combines static and dynamic studies with machine learning and hybrid tactics. The study compares several machine learning algorithms with hybrid techniques, showcasing the hybrid strategy's higher performance in both training and test sets. This method, which provides a practical means to secure web applications, is put out as a potential remedy for the persistent problem of SQLIA. In result, SQL Injection Attacks continue to be a danger, requiring effective ways for detection and prevention. It is highlighted as a promising solution the potential of machine learning and hybrid solutions, notably the hybrid approach. The study emphasizes how crucial it is to follow recommended procedures for protecting online applications from SQLIA attacks.

Welas Asih Diri dan Gejala Gangguan Makan: Infleksibilitas Psikologis sebagai Mediator

Eating disorders are persistent problems related to eating behavior that can cause physical and psychosocial consequences. The increasing global prevalence of eating disorders underscores the need for an in-depth understanding of these disorders. It is known that the emergence of eating disorders is influenced by excessive evaluation one’s body and attempts to avoid unpleasant experiences. This indicates the role of psychological inflexibility in individuals with eating disorder symptoms. One of the protective factors against eating disorders is self-compassion, which is a gentle and loving attitude towards oneself, even when experiencing difficult experiences or emotions. Self-compassion helps individuals to become more flexible in dealing with their experiences and emotions, thereby avoiding maladaptive behavior. This study aims to examine the role of psychological inflexibility as a mediator in the relationship between self-compassion and eating disorder symptoms. This is a cross-sectional study involving 141 female participants aged 18-25 years (M=22,6, SD=2,02) who were obtained through convenience sampling techniques. Data retrieval is done using three measuring instruments, which are Self-compassion scale, acceptance and action questionnaire-II, and Eating Attitudes Test-13. The results showed that psychological inflexibility had a mediating effect in the relationship between self-compassion and eating disorder symptoms. Moreover, self-compassion cannot predict eating disorder symptoms directly without psychological inflexibility as an intermediary. It can be concluded that an individual's level of self-compassion lead to eating disorder symptoms through psychological inflexibility. The results also support the possible application of self-compassion interventions and acceptance and commitment therapy to treat eating disorder symptoms.