Violence Perpetration Research Articles

Male characteristics and contraception in four districts of the central region, Ghana

BackgroundA lack of male involvement in contraception can negatively affect its practice. To promote male participation in family planning, there is a dire need to understand male attributes that play a role in contraception. This study focuses on the male characteristics that influence the practice of traditional and modern methods of contraception.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of quantitative data obtained from the baseline assessment of the Ghana Community-Based Action Teams Study that aimed to prevent violence against women in the Central Region of Ghana in 2016. The analysis included 1742 partnered males aged 18–60 years. Chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between male characteristics and the practice of contraception (significance level = 0.05).ResultsThe prevalence of contraception was 24.4% (95% CI = 20.8–28.5). Significant male characteristics that were positively associated with the practice of contraception in adjusted models were: post-primary education (AOR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.27–3.04), perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.49–2.26), and the number of main sexual partners (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.15–2.75). However, wanting the first child (AOR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.54–0.94) and male controlling behaviour (AOR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.49–0.99) statistically significantly associated with reduced odds of practicing contraception.ConclusionMale partner characteristics influence the practice of contraception. Family planning sensitization and education programs should target males who are less likely to practice contraception.

ACEtimation-The Combined Effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Violence, Health-Harming Behaviors, and Mental Ill-Health: Findings across England and Wales.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) encompass various adversities, e.g., physical and/or emotional abuse. Understanding the effects of different ACE types on various health outcomes can guide targeted prevention and intervention. We estimated the association between three categories of ACEs in isolation and when they co-occurred. Specifically, the relationship between child maltreatment, witnessing violence, and household dysfunction and the risk of being involved in violence, engaging in health-harming behaviors, and experiencing mental ill-health. Data were from eight cross-sectional surveys conducted in England and Wales between 2012 and 2022. The sample included 21,716 adults aged 18-69 years; 56.6% were female. Exposure to child maltreatment and household dysfunction in isolation were strong predictors of variant outcomes, whereas witnessing violence was not. However, additive models showed that witnessing violence amplified the measured risk beyond expected levels for being a victim or perpetrator of violence. The multiplicative effect of all three ACE categories demonstrated the highest level of risk (RRs from 1.7 to 7.4). Given the increased risk associated with co-occurring ACEs, it is crucial to target individuals exposed to any ACE category to prevent their exposure to additional harm. Implementing universal interventions that safeguard children from physical, emotional, and sexual violence is likely to mitigate a range of subsequent issues, including future involvement in violence.

Кримінальна відповідальність за домашне насильство

The peculiarities of criminal liability for domestic violence are considered. It was noted that in many countries, for a long time, violence in the family was not considered a crime, but was considered a form of appropriate behavior. In the 90s of the last century, views regarding the phenomenon of violence against women, which was recognized as a socio-gender problem, changed radically, during which a new vision of it was opened in terms of gender law. Therefore, the issue of gender balance and combating discrimination based on sex has gained wide popularity in all developed countries of the world. As a result, on December 20, 1993, the UN General Assembly adopted the "Declaration on the Eradication of Violence against Women", then on August 1, 2014, the Council of Europe Convention "On preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence", known as Istanbul Convention. The main purpose of which was to declare the protection and support of women who suffered from all types of violence and the eradication of the latter in general. It has been analyzed that this problem is typical for Ukrainian society as well. Today, overcoming violence in the family is one of the priority tasks of the legal state, which is also recognized as Ukraine. Ukraine signed the Istanbul Convention on November 7, 2011, but only on June 20, 2022, the Verkhovna Rada supported the ratification of this convention. At the end of 2017, Article was introduced into the Criminal Code of Ukraine. 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine "Domestic violence", which entered into force on January 1, 2019. In this article, domestic violence is defined as the intentional systematic perpetration of physical, psychological or economic violence against a spouse or ex-spouse or another person with whom the perpetrator is (was) in a family or close relationship, which leads to physical or psychological suffering, health disorders , loss of work capacity, emotional dependence or deterioration of the victim's quality of life. It is noted that the legislation of Ukraine in the field of combating domestic violence enshrines four forms of violence: physical, sexual, psychological and economic. According to the current legislation, persons who have committed domestic violence are criminally, administratively, or civilly liable. Criminal liability is provided for in Art. 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine "domestic violence", however, after analyzing the norms of criminal legislation, we came to the conclusion that the Criminal Code of Ukraine also provides for criminal liability for criminal offenses related to domestic violence in other articles. An important step towards the prevention of domestic violence was the addition of Chapter XIII-1 "Restrictive measures" to the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which provides for the possibility of applying certain measures in the interests of the victim of a criminal offense related to domestic violence. It was concluded that the introduction of amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine with the introduction of criminal liability for domestic violence was a significant step towards overcoming the problem of domestic violence in the country, and the ratification of the Istanbul Convention contributes to strengthening the legal protection of victims of violence and will ensure their access to justice.

Intimate partner violence among lesbian, gay, and bisexual veterans.

The present study describes intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization alongside theoretically associated variables in a sample of lesbian, gay, and bisexual veterans. We conducted bivariate analyses (chi-square tests and independent t test) to examine whether the frequencies of IPV perpetration and victimization varied by demographic characteristics, military sexual trauma, alcohol use, and mental health symptoms. Out of the 69 lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) veterans who answered the questions on IPV, 16 (23.2%) reported some form of IPV victimization in the past year, and 38 (55.1%) reported past-year perpetration. Among the 43 veterans who reported psychological IPV, roughly half (48.9%) reported bidirectional psychological IPV, 39.5% reported perpetration only, and 11.6% reported victimization only. LGB veterans who reported bidirectional psychological IPV in their relationships were younger and reported greater symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and depression. The results presented here call for universal screening of IPV perpetration and victimization to both accurately assess and ultimately intervene among all veterans. Inclusive interventions are needed for all genders and sexual orientations, specifically interventions that do not adhere to gendered assumptions of perpetrators and victims. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Geography’s abolitionist turn: Notes on freedom, property, and the state

Recent years have seen a burgeoning of scholarship in abolition geography. But what does it mean to theorize abolition in geography and what do geographers bring to abolition? This paper seeks to theorize geography’s abolitionist turn, tracing its roots from Du Bois’ ideas of abolition democracy through to contemporary iterations and variations. In doing so, it offers property and the state as key analytics: property insofar as it undergirds carcerality, racial capitalism, and settler colonialism alike, and the state insofar as it comprises both a site from which to make demands and a perpetrator of carceral and racial violence.

Who Hurt You at Work? Results From a Nationwide Survey of Association Between Absenteeism and Workplace Violence, Stratified by Perpetrator.

This study aimed to determine the association between workplace violence and sickness absenteeism. We analyzed the data from the fifth and sixth waves of the Korean Working Conditions Surveys. Individuals younger than 18 years and self-employed or unpaid family workers were excluded. Descriptive statistics, χ 2 tests, and multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted. After adjusting for sociodemographic, occupational, and job-related characteristics, we found that the workers who had experienced workplace violence had higher rates of sickness absenteeism, especially when the perpetrator of violence was a coworker. Daily contact with the perpetrator at the workplace can cause distress and recollection of painful memories; thus, the aftermath of being harassed inside the workplace can be even more devastating than the event itself. A sensitive approach to recognizing the perpetrators of violence is needed.

DEATH PENALTY FOR PERPETRATORS OF CHILD SEXUAL VIOLENCE (CASE STUDY OF DECISION NUMBER 5642 K/PID.SUS/2022)

The increasing number of cases of sexual violence against minors has made the government required to make new regulations regarding child protection in order to deter the perpetrators. This study aims to explain the application of the death penalty against perpetrators of sexual violence against children in the perspective of law and legal experts as well as the judge's consideration in deciding the criminal case. The object used in this research is Judge Decision Number 5642 K/PID.SUS/2022 and the law regarding the application of the death penalty against child sex offenders. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from legal literature sources regarding child protection and sexual violence. The method used to analyze this research is normative qualitative research method. The application of the death penalty according to the law does not violate the existing rules but is a punishment that has been regulated in it. Another case with one of the legal experts in the field of human rights who stated that the application of the penalty does not reflect the protection of human rights and overrides the interests of protecting the rights of victims.

Risk factors for traumatic bonding and associations with PTSD symptoms: A moderated mediation

BackgroundTraumatic bonding, defined as attachment to a perpetrator of intimate partner violence (IPV), offers one explanation as to why many people with abusive romantic partners do not break off these relationships. But what individual-level risk factors make some victims of IPV more likely than others to develop traumatic bonding toward their partners? What is the nature of the potential association between traumatic bonding and PTSD symptoms? ParticipantsA path model tested the potential roles of childhood maltreatment and attachment insecurity as risk factors for traumatic bonding, as well as the potential association between traumatic bonding and PTSD symptoms, in a high-risk sample of 354 participants in current abusive relationships. ResultsAs hypothesized, childhood maltreatment and attachment insecurity significantly predicted traumatic bonding over and above the effects of age, gender, and romantic love. In addition, attachment insecurity moderated the association between childhood maltreatment and traumatic bonding, such that at higher levels of attachment insecurity, the association between childhood maltreatment and traumatic bonding was stronger than at mean or lower levels of attachment insecurity. Traumatic bonding was positively associated with PTSD symptoms. ConclusionsOverall, the results support the role of childhood maltreatment as a risk factor for both traumatic bonding and PTSD symptoms and highlight the importance of attachment insecurity in these associations. This was the first study to examine a complex model of risk factors for traumatic bonding. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

Impulsivity and Reactive-Proactive Aggression as Mechanisms of Alcohol-Related Sexual Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration among Romantic Partners

Background: Sexual intimate partner violence (S-IPV) commonly occurs within the contexts of committed romantic relationshops. Prior research has demonstrated the existence of a robust link between alcohol use and S-IPV. Despite this, few research studies have explored the etiological underpinnings of alcohol-related S-IPV perpetration, specifically. The present study examines the role of several key factors (i.e., problematic drinking, negative and positive urgency, proactive and reactive aggression) on S-IPV perpetration. Methods: Participants were 337 heavy drinking men and women in intimate relatinships who reported perpetrating some form of IPV toward their current partner within the past-year. A moderated-mediation model was used to determine how the key study variables interacted to predict S-IPV perpetration. Results: Results indicated that problematic drinking was positively correlated with both negative urgency and positive uregency. Findings also revealed that negative urgency, positive urgency, proactive aggression, and reactive aggression were all positively related to S-IPV perpetration. The indirect relationship between problematic drinking and S-IPV perpetration was mediated by positive urgency. Additionally, a significant main effect of proactive aggression on S-IPV perpetration was also detected. Conclusions: These findings suggest that impulsivity, specifically positive urgency, and proactive aggression may be under-appreciated constructs within the existing sexual aggression literature, and future research examining these variables as mechanisms explaining the association between the alcohol and S-IPV is warranted.

Locating perpetrators of violence against women in India: An analysis of married men's characteristics associated with intimate partner violence.

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) against married women is widely prevalent in India. Using recent data from NFHS-5, we analyzed the association between husbands' characteristics and IPV. Separate logistic regression models were developed for three distinct "husband characteristic groups" namely demographic, social and economic groups, and one final model including only statistically significant variables. IPV has been found to be significantly associated with men's age, age gap between husband and wife, men's educational level, religion, caste, region, number of daughters, wife's decision-making autonomy, men's IPV justifying attitude, alcoholism and substance abuse among men, type of work and wealth. We suggest shifting the policy gaze from women and prioritizing men's education, control on substance abuse and alcoholism among men as well as employment opportunities to tackle the violence against women.

Costs of Summer Youth Employment to Prevent Violence: an Analysis and Implementer's Tool.

Gun homicide rates have risen 35% across the USA since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. One promising intervention to prevent violent crime is summer youth employment programs (SYEPs), which provide youth with meaningful workplace experiences, prosocial engagements, and developmental opportunities during the summer months, when many otherwise lack structure. This paper presents a cost analysis of violence prevention-focused SYEPs to help implementers understand the costs generally and in their own community contexts-to advocate for adoption and secure funding of, effectively budget for, and successfully implement SYEPs. Researchers use an ingredient-based costing approach and provide a template for implementers to use and adapt for their context. SYEPs with the goal of reaching youth who are justice-involved or at risk of being victims or perpetrators of violence can cost $3331 per youth assisted, with 54% of this cost directly paid to youth through stipends. Cost per youth is driven by the intensity of the mentoring and support that community organizations provide to the program participants. Knowing the cost per youth assisted can inform further analysis, implementation, and expansion of SYEPs.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Korban Tindak Pidana Pelecehan Seksual

This research analyzes the legal protection for child victims of sexual abuse in Indonesia. Using a normative approach and literature review, this study aims to understand the legal protection provided to child victims of sexual abuse, the factors influencing sexual abuse against children, and efforts to prevent such criminal acts. The research reveals that Indonesia has a responsibility to protect child victims of crimes. Law Number 35 of 2014 on Child Protection provides the basis for protection, including the rights of children, protection from violence and discrimination, and the fulfillment of their dignity. Special protection is given to child victims of sexual abuse through rehabilitation, protection of the victim's identity, safety guarantees for victim witnesses, and accessibility to case developments. Criminal punishment for perpetrators of child sexual abuse is regulated by laws and the Criminal Code. In handling cases of sexual abuse, the role of forensic medicine is crucial in gathering necessary evidence. The principle of diversion is also applied in handling cases involving juvenile perpetrators of sexual violence. Serious coordination among the police, prosecutors, and judges is required to eradicate sexual abuse crimes against children. In conclusion, this research presents an overview of the legal protection for child victims of sexual abuse in Indonesia. Ongoing efforts are being made to strengthen protection and prevent these crimes through inter-agency coordination and effective law enforcement

Interpersonal and Intimate Violence in Mexican Youth: Drug Use, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic may have increased interpersonal and intimate violence, harmful use of alcohol and other drugs (AODs), and mental health problems. This study uses a valid path model to describe relationships between these conditions of young Mexicans during the second year of the pandemic. A sample of 7420 Mexicans ages 18 to 24-two-thirds of whom are women-completed the Life Events Checklist, the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test, the Major Depressive Episode Checklist, the Generalized Anxiety Scale, and the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist. Young Mexicans reported higher rates of victimization and perpetration of interpersonal and intimate violence and mental health symptomatology than those noted pre- and in the first year of the pandemic. The harmful use of AOD rates were similar to those reported by adolescents before. The findings suggest asymmetric victimization and perpetration of intimate violence by gender (with women at a higher risk). More men than women have engaged in the harmful use of AODs (except for sedatives, which more women abuse). More women than men were at risk of all mental health conditions. The path model indicates that being a victim of intimate violence predicts the harmful use of tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, and sedatives, depression, anxiety, and specific PTSD symptoms (such as re-experimentation and avoidance symptoms). Being a victim of interpersonal violence resulted in severe PTSD symptoms (including avoidance, negative alterations in cognition-mood, and hyperarousal signs). The harmful use of sedatives predicted depressive symptoms. Men's victimizing intimate violence model contrasted with that of women, which included being the victim of interpersonal violence and severe PTSD symptoms. The high school youth model had three paths: victimizing intimate violence, victimizing interpersonal abuse, and sedative use, which predicted depression. Our findings could serve as the basis for future studies exploring the mechanisms that predict violence to develop cost-effective preventive programs and public policies and to address mental health conditions during community emergencies.

Negative transgression in the context of empathy and anxiety in prisoners: A perpetrators of violence

Negative transgression in the context of empathy and anxiety in prisoners: A perpetrators of violence

Technology-Facilitated Abuse in the Context of Intimate Partner Violence: A Qualitative Study of Women Survivors in Taiwan.

We explore the emerging issue of how communications technologies can be used by male perpetrators to facilitate intimate partner violence against their female partners. We analyzed interview narratives from 18 women survivors of intimate partner violence in Taiwan, informed by Stark's theory of coercive control. Our findings indicated that the male perpetrators of intimate partner violence against the survivors utilized communications technologies to further harm, control, and intimidate their victims. We found that the perpetrators harassed, stalked/monitored, and isolated the survivors and distributed defamatory messages about the survivors to other people using telephones, e-mail, social media, the Internet, broadcast media, and recording devices.

Menanam Benih Kesalehan: Membentuk Karakter Islami Siswa melalui Religious Culture

The multidimensional crisis that is currently happening to the Indonesian state, if we look for the causes of the problem, comes from weak development of the nation and character which causes moral and moral shifts for the nation's successors such as becoming perpetrators of physical and psychological violence. This study aims to describe the Islamic character of students at Sekolah Sahabat Alam Palangka Raya and to describe the formation of Islamic character in students through religious culture at Sekolah Sahabat Alam Palangka Raya. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that: 1) the character of the students at Sekolah Sahabat Alam Palangka Raya can be said to have good Islamic character. This can be seen from their independent attitude which spontaneously applies religious habituation activities in behaving so that they are well organized without any encouragement or coercion. 2) the formation of the Islamic character of students through religious culture at Sekolah Sahabat Alam Palangka Raya, namely when reciting the Koran, traveling around nature, camping and exploring the environment around the school, praying dhuha in congregation, shaking hands and greeting teachers and students and teachers of the opposite sex do not shake hands directly . In addition, love the environment by disposing of trash in its place.

Motives for Sex and Sexual Perpetration in College Men: An Exploratory Study.

Prior research has rarely focused on sexual motives (e.g., motives for having sex) when studying sexual violence perpetration prevention. The current study examined the role of sexual motives alongside other risk factors like alcohol expectancies in predicting sexual violence. We analyzed data from 205 male college students; 36% reported sexual perpetration of some type. Participants completed a series of questionnaires in a randomized order, including: measures of prior sexual perpetration, sexual motives, rape myth acceptance, alcohol expectancies, and a measure of social desirability. Data were analyzed using a series of T-tests and logistic regressions. With one exception (coping motives), all sexual motives (intimacy, enhancement, self-affirmation, peer approval, and partner approval) were endorsed at higher levels by individuals who perpetrated sexual violence than those who did not (p < .05, Cohen's d = .25-.56). The partner approval motive significantly predicted sexual violence perpetration on its own. The enhancement motive, both independently and in interaction with alcohol expectancies for aggression, predicted sexual violence perpetration. Two other motives, intimacy and self-affirmation, were only significant in interaction with alcohol expectancies for aggression. All sexual motives were endorsed more frequently by those who perpetrated sexual violence than those who did not. Sexual motives had a complex interaction with alcohol expectancies in predicting sexual violence perpetration. The results suggest that intervention programs should emphasize healthy, consensual sexual relationships that do not involve alcohol.

COVID-19-Related Stress and Its Association with Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Victimization.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive issue, and during the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been speculated that the prevalence rates of IPV increased. This paper aims to understand how pandemic-specific distress was related to experiencing and perpetrating IPV. Using self-reported survey data from 371 individuals living in the United States, this study used multiple logistic regressions to examine how reports of distress related to working from home, working outside the home, isolation, stay-at-home orders, mask mandates, physical and mental health, finances, interpersonal relationships, taking care of children, and online learning for children, as well as reports of partner conflict regarding COVID-19, were associated with physical, psychological, and sexual IPV perpetration and victimization. Our results indicated that distress related to family relationships, taking care of children, and COVID-19 as a source of conflict were all associated with an increased risk of IPV victimization, while distress related to mask mandates and friendships was associated with a decreased risk. Distress related to physical health, family relationships, taking care of children, and COVID-19 being a source of conflict were associated with an increased risk of IPV perpetration, while distress related to mental health and friendships was associated with a decreased risk. Implications for researchers and clinicians are discussed.

A Scoping Review of Educational Interventions to Increase Prosociality against Gender-Based Violence in University Bystanders

Gender-based violence represents a problem of public interest with a high prevalence on university campuses, which has intensified the preventive strategy for potential victims. However, the prosocial action of the viewer provides a promising alternative to mitigate its incidence. This study analyzes preventive interventions based on gender-based violence towards university viewers as a basis for future proven and sensitive implementation processes of intercultural adaptation. The Scoping review process was implemented based on the Arksey and O’Malley methodology (aligned with the Cochrane manual), with subsequent reporting of results according to the PRISMA guide. In total, 15 articles finally met the selection criteria in the databases: WOS, Scopus, ERIC, PsycINFO, Embase, and PubMed, with specific descriptors. Despite the heterogeneity in the types of intervention and the study variables, the intervention and the results are described, and it is highlighted that they were effective for most of the proposed objectives, such as the decrease in the perpetration of sexual violence, the increase in prosocial behavior, and the recognition of forms of violence. The great value of these preventive interventions is concluded, and the diversity of these strategies implemented in parallel and continuously would have a lasting impact in higher education contexts.

Sanksi Terhadap Pelaku Kekerasan Pada Anak Yang Mengakibatkan Luka Berat

Recently there has been frequent violence against children which of course violates children's rights. Various types of violations against violence against children seem to assume that children do not have rights to be protected. The main problem of this research is how to study Islamic law and positive law against sanctions on juvenile crimes that result in serious injuries in Decision Number: 1961/Pid.Sus/2016/PN .Plg. The purpose of this research is to examine the sanctions for perpetrators of crimes against children both in terms of Islamic law and positive law. The type of research used is literature (library research) which is analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. The approach method is comparative, namely comparing Islamic law and positive law regarding sanctions for perpetrators of child crimes. The results of this study reveal that the judge's considerations in convicting criminals against perpetrators of violence against children who cause serious injuries in Decision Number: 1961/Pid.Sus/2016/PN .Plg. That is, the judge has first considered the facts at trial. In Islamic criminal law, criminal acts are punished with ta'zir, that is, in accordance with the actions and the decision is left to the ruler's policy or law. The difference between the two laws is that the witness imposed on the perpetrators of abuse according to law number 13 of 2014 is in the form of imprisonment, whereas in Islamic law it is in the form of qishas, diyat and ta'zir punishments.