Tumor microenvironment activatable immunomodulator for cancer immunotherapy.

Synthesis of fluorescent iron-doped carbon dots with Fenton activity for noninvasive dual-mode urinary uric acid monitoring toward point-of-care renal diagnostics.

An MMP-independent fluorescent probe for simultaneously detecting viscosity and hydrogen peroxide in tumor tissues of cancer patients.

To assess and compare the time-dependent disinfection efficacy against standard microbial strains and the neutralization kinetics of two commercially available soft contact lens care systems, one based on 0.05% povidone iodine and one based on 3.42% hydrogen peroxide. To assess neutralization kinetics of each system, the concentration of the active disinfectants was quantified via iodometric titration (hydrogen peroxide) and high-performance liquid chromatography (povidone iodine) at intervals from 0.5min to the minimum recommended disinfection time (MRDT). Disinfecting efficacy against the five ISO 14729 microbial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Fusarium solani) was assessed at intervals from 0.5min to each system's respective MRDT. Microbial log reductions and disinfection rates were calculated using standard plate count methods. Statistical significance between systems was determined using ANOVA and post-hoc comparisons (p<0.05). The povidone iodine system reached a peak concentration (∼0.05%) within 2min, maintained this level for 5min, and was neutralized by 20min. Despite rapid neutralization, povidone iodine exceeded the standardized criteria for all strains within 1min and disinfected below the detectable limit within 5min. Conversely, the hydrogen peroxide system's concentration began declining immediately and fell below 1% within 30min, before disinfection was complete for three strains. Significant kinetic differences (p<0.05) favored povidone iodine across four strains, most notably against S. aureus, where hydrogen peroxide lagged by several hours. This study possesses a conflict of interest, and external validation is encouraged. The povidone iodine system achieved remarkably rapid disinfection across all strains at a 5000-fold lower molar concentration than the hydrogen peroxide system, well below the ocular irritation threshold. Povidone iodine's consistent, rapid disinfection, along with its high safety profile, suggests it may be a more optimal care option than the current gold standard.

Testing a new approach to quantify intracellular trace metal contents in microphytoplankton using sequential selective extraction.

Despite the remarkable sparing of normal tissue by FLASH radiotherapy, the fundamental mechanisms that link physics to biological outcomes remain unclear. Among water radiolysis species produced after irradiation, hydrogen peroxide ( ) is a final product resulting from hydroxyl radical ( and reactive oxygen species / ) reactions, sources of biological damage. Many experiments have shown that increasing the dose rate, reduces yields, supporting hypotheses related to a transient hypoxia during irradiation. Reproducing experimental data using Monte Carlo simulations can be challenging due to incomplete or ambiguous information about the actual experimental conditions, such as the thorough measurement of oxygen or pH levels. Through water radiolysis experiments and simulations, we propose to understand the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the production of under varying oxygen and dose rate conditions. A new Geant4-DNA chemistry module, managing pulse duration, is specifically tested. The purified water samples were irradiated with a 67.5 MeV proton beam delivered by the ARRONAX isochronous cyclotron (IBA Cyclone 70XP) at dose rates ranging from a conventional dose rate (CDR, 0.2Gy/s) to ultra-high dose rates (UHDR, ∼6 kGy/s). The concentration of , used as a final endpoint providing insight into earlier processes, was quantified using the Ghormley triiodide protocol. We reproduced irradiation conditions using the GATE and Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo libraries. Beam alignment and dose homogeneity were verified using a gamma-index method. A Geant4-DNA chemistry module (Geant4 11.4-beta version) was used to calculate the time-dependent evolution of radiolytic yields for , , , species until 15 min post irradiation, taking into account the oxygen concentration, pH, absorbed dose, and pulse duration. Under aerated conditions, for CDR, the simulated (2.18) and experimental (2.13) G( ) are in close agreement. At higher dose rates, the decrease of G( ) is very similar between experiments and simulations. Under deaerated conditions, simulated G( ) decreased from 1.56 at 0.26Gy/s to 1.22 at 42Gy/s, with relative differences of 1.3% and 0.8 % compared to the experiment. The impact of content is evaluated through simulation studies and discussed. The Geant4-DNA chemistry module reproduces with a good agreement experimental yields measured under different oxygen levels and dose rates. Both experiments and simulations show an oxygen dependent decrease in G( ) under UHDR conditions. Simulations indicate an impact of the content at physiological level. As perspectives, we aim at studying the role of hydrated electron associated to the understanding of and effects through time resolved radicals' measurement.

Glucose-triggered self-perpetuating catalytic cascade in GOx@CuO2 nanoreactors for treating bacteria-infected diabetic wounds.

Biochemical and biophysical characterization of a peroxiredoxin selected from the Delftia sp., a polyethylene-associated bacterium.

Significance of mitophagy in reactive oxygen species-dependent neuronal apoptosis triggered by pyrrolidinophenones.

Two biosensors with enzymes immobilized on fibrous cellulose powder and paper have been developed for the colorimetric detection of biogenic amines, which are of great interest for food and health security. These systems exploited diamine oxidase (DAO) and soybean peroxidase (SBP) catalytic activities. DAO oxidizes the amines, producing ammonia and hydrogen peroxide; the latter activates SBP, catalyzing the oxidation of the co-substrates with the formation of a purple product, easily detectable by UV-visible spectrometry. For most of the examined amines, the quantification resulted in being fast and effective even at low concentrations, reaching calculated Limits Of Detection (LOD) between 10-6-10-8 M. However, proper methodological adjustments were needed for catecholamines, implying the exclusive use of SBP-based materials. Biosensors' characterizations showed the rise of peculiar phenomena during their preparation: paper underwent hydrophobization and shrinkage after the oxidation step, while DAO caused unexpected fiber thinning in paper and fibers' coalescence of powdery cellulose. Moreover, infrared spectroscopy and calorimetry demonstrated modifications in hydrogen networks after cellulose and paper treatments. Overall, these changes did not affect the potential of biosensors, which are sensitive, portable, and biodegradable, although there is room for improvement in lowering catecholamine LOD and broadening their promising applicability by testing real matrices.

Dimethyl fumarate alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation in noise-induced hearing loss by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in cochlear hair cells.

Nanozymes have emerged as powerful therapeutic agents due to their robust catalytic performance, but their efficacy is often constrained by the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) and the unique metabolic pathway of cancer cells. To overcome this circumstance, a multifunctional nanoplatform (G5.NHAc-PG@APC) was developed to integrate targeted triple-enzyme cascade catalysis with responsive glycolytic inhibition. By using phenylboronic acid (PBA)-modified G5 PAMAM dendrimers as targeted nanocarriers, trimetallic AuPtCu nanozymes were encapsulated, followed by conjugating the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) via pH-responsive boronate ester linkages. The resulting G5.NHAc-PG@APC nanoplatform could target sialic acid-overexpressing tumor cells and exhibit triple SOD/CAT/POD-like enzymatic activities for cascade catalytic therapy to effectively convert endogenous superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide into lethal hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) while simultaneously generating oxygen to alleviate tumor hypoxia. Furthermore, the co-delivered 2-DG could be responsively released at the TME to inhibit aerobic glycolysis, thereby depriving the intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reducing the generation of glutathione (GSH). In vivo studies in a 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model confirmed that this synergistic strategy of metabolic starvation and sustained oxidative stress could effectively inhibit tumor growth and suppress pulmonary metastasis, while alleviating hypoxia. This work provides a versatile framework for the design of multimetallic nanozymes and multi-pathway synergistic strategies for advanced cancer therapy.

Molecular typing, biofilm characteristics and biofilm-targeted inhibition strategies of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolated from donkey endometritis.

Cytosolic PRDX1 acts as an extramitochondrial sink to set mitochondrial H2O2 levels and enable resilience to chronic mitochondrial oxidative stress.

Genome-wide identification of AcPP2C gene family and functional characterization of AcPP2C40 in response to heat stress in kiwifruit.

CST-Based Molecular Profiling of Vaginal Microbiota Validated by qRT-PCR and 16S Amplicon Sequencing.

Integrated phenotypic, physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses uncover the mechanisms underlying root and leaf responses of Osmanthus fragrans to Pb toxicity.

This work presents the performance of a semi-open electrochemical cell (SOEC) for potentiometric biosensing. In this design, the electrodes are vertically stacked, and a solid-state polyelectrolyte is used as separator. This paper-based device requires a minimal sample volume, as only the top working electrode contacts the solution while the reference electrode remains shielded in the bottom of the cell. Using a paper-based Pt working electrode, the system demonstrates high sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide with linear response below 10 µM and a Tafel slope of 120 mV/decade at higher concentrations. Electrode area optimization enables tunable analytical performance by controlling sensitivity and linear ranges. The device exhibits exceptional stability, with a baseline noise level below 0.1 mV and low impedance, facilitating integration with simple operational amplifiers. This design achieves ultralow detection limits for hydrogen peroxide (~10 nM) using only 1 µL sample volumes and maintains linearity up to 10 mM. When coupled with oxidase enzymes, the system enables rapid and versatile glucose testing in artificial serum and sweat using single sample drops, with absolute limits of detection in the µM range. This compact, versatile paper-based platform offers promising opportunities for developing wearable, disposable biosensors for point-of-need applications. • Vertically-stacked electrochemical sensor with exceptional stability and broad range of detection • Tunable analytical performance through electrode area optimization • 10-fold signal enhancement via non-inverting operational amplifier integration • Nanomolar detection limits in single-microliter samples • Reliable glucose quantification in artificial serum and sweat from single drops

Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia drives excessive inflammatory and oxidative responses that culminate in acute lung injury (ALI) and impaired bacterial clearance. Effective therapies capable of restoring host-pathogen balance remain limited, particularly in the context of multidrug-resistant strains. This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of thymol in a murine model of K. pneumoniae-induced ALI. Oral thymol (5-20 mg/kg) markedly reduced lung injury, suppressed leukocyte infiltration, improved pulmonary histoarchitecture, and significantly enhanced bacterial clearance. Thymol reshaped systemic and local immune responses by decreasing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP), increasing interleukin-10 (IL-10), and limiting macrophage and granulocyte recruitment. Mechanistically, thymol attenuated heme peroxidase-driven oxidative stress, as evidenced by reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activities, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitric oxide (NO), along with restoration of catalase activity and glutathione levels. Complementary in silico docking predicted stable interactions of thymol with MPO and EPO, as well as essential bacterial metabolic enzymes, including deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS), acetolactate synthase (ALS), and dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS). Collectively, these findings suggest that thymol may act as a multi-target bioactive compound capable of modulating host inflammatory and redox pathways while potentially impairing bacterial metabolic fitness, thereby mitigating pneumonia-associated ALI.

Insights into the degradation of fluconazole in water by some light-based AOPs