Peroxide Solution Research Articles

Obtaining sterile Calligonum aphyllum material for in vitro culture preservation

The comparative evaluation’s results on the efficiency of surface treatment of Calligonum aphyllum (Pall.) Guerke explants, a perspective plant species in the restoration of degraded lands, are presented. Sterilizers «Lysoformin 3000», silver nitrate, hydrogen peroxide, and «Belizna-econom» are used at the introduction stage of the plants in vitro. As a result, 2 of 11 effective sterilization modes were found when C. aphyllum was introduced into the culture in vitro: No. 10 (hydrogen peroxide solution 10% v/v, 5 min) and No. 11 (hydrogen peroxide solution 6% v/v, 15 min). These modes had the highest rates of sterile and regenerative explants. The microflora was also isolated from the studied explant samples. Determined the preparation «Lysoformin 3000» effectively acts on all isolated microorganisms. «Belizna-econom» and hydrogen peroxide (concentrations of 10% v/v) do not act on 80% of isolated bacterial strains. Shown the silver nitrate solution was not sensitive in 100% of cases. The obtained information can be used to draw up a complete protocol for C. aphyllum explant sterilization at the introduction stage in vitro.

Effect of disinfectants on hatchability and safety of ducklings

High contamination of incubation eggs of waterfowl and, as a consequence, penetration of microorganisms through the shell leads to embryonic mortality, poults weakness, high mortality in the first day of life, so it is important to sanitize eggs immediately after their collection. This article presents the results of using 1.6% hydrogen peroxide solution as a disinfectant for treating incubation duck eggs. The results of microbiological research of washes from the surface of incubation duck eggs, setter air, otoscopy, hatchability and safety of day-old growing are also reflected. During the study, it was found that pre-hatching treatment of duck eggs with 1.6% hydrogen peroxide solution reduced the degree of contamination on the shell surface, hatchability of eggs in the experimental group was higher by 3.1% than in the control group, safety - by 3.6%, respectively.

Study on wastewater treatment based on local minerals

In this article, the HMP-3 wastewater treatment process with natural minerals (vermiculite, zeolite, dolomite, saponite, shungite, bentonite, basalt minerals), rice husk, 1% NaClO (sodium hypochlorite) and 3% H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) solutions will be discussed. According to the research results, the activation of samples used for wastewater treatment in the form of 1% sodium hypochlorite solution and 3% hydrogen peroxide solution shows high efficiency.

Optical properties of freeze-dried partial delignified balsa wood

Radiative cooling (RC) is natural phenomenon in which an object passively cools itself by highly radiating mid-infrared waves to the cold outer space. The delignified wood (DW), in which lignin molecules are removed from natural wood, shows promising performance of daytime radiative cooling (DRC). However, the DW is usually hot-pressed during oven drying process which results in the collapse of wood cell walls. This problem hinders the application of DW as a scaffold for polymer-wood composite. In this study, we have fabricated a partial delignified wood (PDW) with the combination of the delignification and freeze-drying processes. The delignification process has been performed with boiling hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution in renewable system. It is found that the PDW turns to white colour after 30 hours of boiling time. The ATR-FTIR spectroscopy confirms that lignin molecules are removed and altered after the delignification process, and the strong emission peaks due to the molecular vibrations of cellulose in the PDW appear in the atmospheric windows. The averaged solar absorptivity of the PDW, measured by diffuse reflectance UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, is equal to 11% which is about three times lower than that of the natural wood. The relative drop of solar radiation absorption has maximum value at the wavelength 529 nm and the full-width-at-half-maximum equal to.

The facile activation of graphite for the improved determination of dopamine, rutin and acetamidophenol.

A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with graphite powder (G/GCE), and then treated with a solution of sodium peroxide for several minutes to prepare an oxidized G/GCE (OG/GCE). The OG/GCE has prominently improved responses toward dopamine (DA), rutin (RT) and acetamidophenol (APAP), of which the anodic peak current was increased by 2.4, 4.0 and 2.6 fold compared with that obtained using the G/GCE. The redox peaks of DA, RT and APAP on the OG/GCE could be separated sufficiently. The corresponding redox processes were confirmed as diffusion-controlled and parameters such as the charge transfer coefficients (α), saturating adsorption capacity (Γ*) and catalytic rate constant (kcat) were estimated. In individual detection, the linear ranges for DA, RT and APAP were 10 nM-10 μM, 1.00 nM-150 nM and 20 nM-30 μM, respectively, and the LODs for DA, RT and APAP were estimated as 6.23 nM, 0.36 nM and 13.1 nM with 3σ/S, respectively. The contents of RT and APAP in drugs were determined and agreed with the labeled contents. The recoveries of DA in serum and sweat were in the range of 91-107%, indicating that the determination results achieved by the OG/GCE are reliable. The practical use of the method was verified with a graphite-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (G/SPCE), which was also activated by Na2O2 to prepare OG/SPCE. The recovery of DA in sweat achieved using the OG/SPCE was 91.26%.

Sideways propelled bimetallic rods at the water/oil interface.

The motion of self-propelling microswimmers is significantly affected by confinement, which can enhance or reduce their mobility and also steer the direction of their propulsion. While their interactions with solid boundaries have already received considerable attention, many aspects of the influence of liquid-liquid interfaces (LLI) on active particle propulsion still remain unexplored. In this work, we studied the adsorption and motion of bimetallic Janus sideways propelled rods dispersed at the interface between an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and oil. The wetting properties of the bimetallic rods result in a wide distribution of their velocities at the LLI. While a fraction of rods remain immotile, we note a significant enhancement of motility for the rest of the particles with velocities of up to 8 times higher in comparison to those observed near a solid wall. Liquid-liquid interfaces, therefore, can provide a new way to regulate the propulsion of bimetallic particles.

Cost minimization analysis of nasopharyngoscope reprocessing in community practice

BackgroundReprocessing of nasopharyngoscopes represents a large financial burden to community physicians. The aim of this study was to perform a cost analysis of nasopharyngoscope reprocessing methods at the community level.MethodsElectronic surveys were distributed by email to community otolaryngologists. Surveys were comprised of 14 questions assessing clinic size, nasopharyngoscope volume, scope reprocessing method and maintenance. Four manual techniques were evaluated: (1) soak with ortho-phthalaldehyde solution (Cidex-OPA; Advanced Sterilization Products, Johnson and Johnson Inc., Markham, Canada), (2) soak with accelerated hydrogen peroxide solution (Revital-Ox; Steris Canada Inc., Mississauga, Canada), (3) disinfection with chlorine dioxide wipe (Tristel Trio Wipes System; Tristel plc., Cambridgeshire, UK), (4) UV-C light system (UV Smart, Delft, The Netherlands). All costs are reported in CAD, and consumable and capital costs for reprocessing methods were obtained from reported vendor prices. Time costs were derived from manufacturer recommendations, the Ontario Medical Association Physician’s Guide to Uninsured Services, and the Ontario Nurses Association Collective Agreement. Cost analyses determined the most cost-effective reprocessing method in the community setting. Sensitivity analyses assessed the impact of reprocessing volume and labour costs.ResultsThirty-six (86%) otolaryngologists responded and answered the survey. The cost per reprocessing event for Cidex-OPA, Revital-Ox, Tristel and UV system were $38.59, $26.47, $30.53, and $22.74 respectively when physicians reprocessed their endoscopes themselves. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that Revital-Ox was the least costly option in a low volume, however, the UV system remained the most cost effective in higher volumes. The cost per reprocessing event when done by clinic staff was $5.51, $4.42, $11.23 and $6.21 for Cidex-OPA, Revital-Ox, Tristel and the UV system.ConclusionsThe UV light system appears to be the most cost-effective method in high volumes of reprocessing, and Revital-Ox is cheaper in lower volumes and when performed by clinic staff rather than physicians. It is important to consider the anticipated work volume, shared clinic space and number of co-workers prior to choosing a reprocessing method.Graphical

Analyzing the characteristics of degraded glucomannan of <i>Amorphophallus oncophyllus</i> using hydrogen peroxide and ultrasonication

<abstract> <p>Glucomannan, one of the viscous polysaccharides, has been applied for various purposes in food industries. However, its high viscosity limits glucomannan in some applications e.g., as an injectable material and encapsulant in the spray drying method. Hence, glucomannan modification is needed to fulfill specific characteristics in such applications. This study investigated the modification of glucomannan properties under degradation treatment using hydrogen peroxide and ultrasonication in ethanol solvent. The modifications of glucomannan were conducted in a 35% hydrogen peroxide solution for 4 h and 40 kHz ultrasonication in 50% ethanol solvent. The combination of ultrasonication and oxidation significantly reduced the glucomannan viscosity, molecular weight, and swelling but increased the solubility. The oxidation, ultrasonication, or their combination approach increased carbonyl content, whiteness, and syneresis. The degradation created a coarse surface on the glucomannan particles. Interestingly, although the oxidation or the ultrasonication reduced glucomannan crystallinity, the combination of both methods increased this property. This result confirmed the synergetic treatments of the oxidation using hydrogen peroxide and the ultrasonication could effectively modify the properties of glucomannan including reducing the viscosity to the level that allowed the glucomannan to be spray-dried.</p> </abstract>

Availability of Hydrogen Peroxide Solutions as a Germination Liquid Medium for Contamination-free in vitro Seedling Development of Cannabis sativa

Availability of Hydrogen Peroxide Solutions as a Germination Liquid Medium for Contamination-free in vitro Seedling Development of Cannabis sativa

Особенности введения в культуру in vitro барбариса илийского (Berberis iliensis M. Pop.)

The results of the introduction of Berberis iliensis M. Pop., a rare endemic plant, into in vitro culture are presented. The rare species is currently endangered. Methods of introduction into in vitro culture have been worked out, sterilizing agents and sterilization modes have been selected (5% bleach solution “Belizna”, treatment time 5 min, 10% hydrogen peroxide solution, exposure time 7 min). The WPM nutrient medium, with a pH level of 5.6–5.8, was selected as optimal for the successful development of Berberis iliensis plants in in vitro culture. Vitamins were added to the standard mineral composition of the medium. Magentas with explants were cultivated in a room without access to light at a temperature of 22–25°C and a humidity of 70% for 3–4 weeks. Further cultivation was carried out at 26°C, a light period of 16 h, and illumination of 4000–5000 lux. Aseptic cultures of B. iliensis were obtained and they had a regenerative capacity. Shoots were formed without callus, that is, direct regeneration is observed, which is the most favorable for micropropagation.

Исследование двойного электрического слоя на композиционных материалах «карбид тугоплавкого металла — углеродное волокно» в пероксиде водорода и сульфате натрия

The electric double layer was studied by impedance spectroscopy on the surface of various composite materials: molybdenum, tantalum and niobium carbides in 1 M sodium sulfate solution and concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution. The data on the activation energy of the electrocatalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide on the surface of composite materials were compared with the capacity of the electrical double layer in hydrogen peroxide solution.

The Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation of Cycloketones Using Hydrogen Peroxide as an Oxidant

Baeyer–Villiger oxidation can synthesize a series of esters or lactones that have essential application value but are difficult to be synthesized by other methods. Cycloketones can be oxidized to lactones using molecular oxygen, peroxy acids, or hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. Hydrogen peroxide is one of the environmental oxidants. Because of the weak oxidation ability of hydrogen peroxide, Bronsted acids and Lewis acids are used as catalysts to activate hydrogen peroxide or the carbonyl of ketones to increase the nucleophilic performance of hydrogen peroxide. The catalytic mechanisms of Bronsted acids and Lewis acids differ in the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant.

Production of porous geopolymers using ash and slag waste of power plants in the Russian Arctic

Coal combustion at thermal power plants generates much ash and slag waste which amass at waste sites and have a dramatic adverse effect on the environment. In the meanwhile, ash and slag is a valuable source for the production of silicate materials for road making and civil construction. The most promising technology for the synthesis of silicate materials is selected from the viewpoint of energy and resource efficiency—the low-temperature alkaline activation and production of porous geopolymers. A range of mix formulations is developed on the basis of ash and slag from Severodvinsk PP-1, with addition of an alkaline activator (mixture of sodium hydroxide solution and liquid glass), various sponging agents and a foam stabilizer. The increase in the amount of an alkaline activator noticeably decreases the foam stability. The aluminum powder is a less active sponging agent as compared with the hydrogen peroxide solution. The introduction of a foam stabilizer essentially increases the number of pores and decreases the foam density. The synthesis of geopolymeric materials using ash and slag from Apatity PP produced a material with the density of 456 kg/m3 and with the pores 300–600 μm in size upon average. Addition of a surfactant greatly decreases the average size of pores at insignificant reduction in the density of the test samples. On the evidence of the research, the optimal composition of the activation mixture is selected for manufacturing porous geopolymeric materials with a density less than 500 kg/m3, including an alkaline activator, hydrogen peroxide as a sponging agent and a surfactant as a foam stabilizer. The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation in the framework of Agreement No. 21-19-00203 Effective Heat-Curable Eco-Geopolymers for Road Construction in the Russian Arctic Using Combustion Waste of Solid Fuels at Local Power Pants under guidance by E. A. Yatsenko.

Εffect of cleansers on the composition and mechanical properties of orthodontic aligners in vitro

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of three aligner cleaners on the composition and mechanical properties of two types of orthodontic aligners.Materials and methodsThe cleaners tested were two alkaline peroxide solutions (Retainer Brite—RB; Retainer Cleaner—RC) and one peroxide-free (Steraligner—ST) and the aligners Clear Aligner (C, polyester) and Invisalign (I, polyester–urethane). The aligners were immersed in the cleaner solutions as instructed every day (15 min for RB, RC; 5 min for ST) for a two-week period. The acidity of the solutions was tested with a pH meter. The changes in the chemical composition of the aligners were studied by attenuated total-reflection Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (ATR-FTIR), while Instrumented Indentation Testing (IIT) was used for assessment of changes in Martens Hardness (HM), modulus (EIT), elastic index (nIT) and relaxation (RIT).ResultsRB and RC were weakly acidic (pH = 6.3), whereas ST was mildly acidic (pH = 4.8). The ATR-FTIR analysis demonstrated evidence of acidic hydrolysis of C in ST and I in RB. The IIT-derived properties of I were not affected by the cleaners. However, for C a significant change was found in HM (all cleaners), nIT (all cleaners) and RIT (RB, ST). Although the chemical changes support a hydrolytic material deterioration, the results of mechanical properties may interfere with the material residual stresses during fabrication.ConclusionsCaution should be exerted in the selection of aligner cleaners. The mild acidic cleanser was more aggressive to the polyester, whereas an alkaline peroxide to the polyester–urethane aligner.

Sustained oxygen release of hydrogen peroxide-acrylic resin inclusion complex for aquaculture

Abstract To overcome the lack of dissolved oxygen in high-density aquaculture water, a hydrogen peroxide-acrylic resin inclusion complex with sustained oxygen releasing effect was designed and prepared. The resin was synthesized by emulsion polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate in a mass ratio of 2: 3: 5, and neutralized with sodium hydroxide solution by 50%. The resin solution was mixed in a mixture of urea and 30% hydrogen peroxide solution (CO(NH2)2: H2O2, 1: 1, mol: mol), and dried at 40 °C for 4 h to obtain the hydrogen peroxide-acrylic resin inclusion complex. The product with 4.0% resin by mass of hydrogen oxygen solution, could release oxygen for 92 h in pond water. After optimization by adding a small amount of NaCl, Na2SO4, and EDTA, it was mixed with calcium carbonate and magnesium stearate in a mass ratio of 5: 4: 0.9, and pressed into tablets (1.2 × 0.6 cm, 0.99 g). One tablet in 50 L simulated micro ecosystem aquaculture water with 20 of Carassius auratus fish could release oxygen for 116 h and brought fish with 83.3% of survival rate higher than 51.7 and 70.0% of blank and sodium percarbonate groups.

Analysis of the level of oxidative stress by assessing the damage to the plasma protein serum albumin under the influence of an oxidizing agent

Oxidative stress, which leads to oxidative modification of various macromolecules, including proteins, is now considered an important pathogenetic link in many diseases. In this work, oxidative damage to a blood plasma protein, bovine serum albumin BSA, under the action of an oxidizing agent, hydrogen peroxide H2O2, was studied by spectrofluorometric method. The H2O2 concentration-dependent quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA is shown. BSA fluorescence quenching constants in hydrogen peroxide solutions are calculated by mathematical modeling methods. The dependences found in the fluorescence quenching constants are explained both by oxidative damage to the microenvironment of BSA tryptophan residues and by changes in the native conformation of protein globules upon oxidative damage. More significant peroxide damage to BSA occurs at lower pH values due to the fact that H2O2, as an oxidizing agent, acts more strongly in an acidic environment. The registered quenching of the protein's own fluorescence when damaged by an oxidizing agent can be used as a medical method for assessing the level of oxidative stress in the body in the diagnosis of a number of diseases.

Detection of Cut Notches and Corrosion on Anchor Bolts

The overhead catenary system (OCS) comprises of the pantograph which presses against the underside of the lowest overhead wire or the contact wire. Current collectors are electrically conductive and allow current to flow through to the train and back to the feeder station through the steel wheels on one or both running rails. With water seepage due to occurrence of monsoon rain and porosity of the cement material, the mineral rich rock structure can undergo much more rapid degradation under an electrochemical process due to the potential of the OCS. SEM images of the corroded bolts segment show high porosity surface with corroded voids. EDX study shows the presence of high oxide, chloride, and iron elements as indicative of a corroded bolt. The first backwall echo of the ultrasonic peak amplitude provides an understanding of the length of a bolt. Comparative study can provide a signature of the bolts which have been corroded with less fringe peaks due to the presence of bolts’ threads which tends to wear out with the duration of corrosion. Fatigue cracks are mimicked and modelled with cut notches of varying depths on bolts followed by immersion in corrosive peroxide solution for accelerated corrosion. A good clear distinction of the presence of such peak signal amplitudes due to cut notches with the referenced backwall echo peaks of the corroded bolts could be registered by the ultrasonic tests. The height of the signal peak amplitudes could give an indication of the depth of cut at the notch and the quantity of such peaks provide an indication of the number of cut notches. The ultrasonic test provides an effective means for non-destructive testing of such bolts which are embedded in concretized underground tunnel.

Clean two-step oxidative degradation of Yima long flame coal for benzenecarboxylic acid production

Low rank coals are promising raw materials to afford oxygenated organic chemicals due to the high oxygen contents. This study reported a clean two-step coal oxidative degradation approach for low-carbon and high value-added chemical production. Oxidative degradation of Yima long flame coal (YLFC) was performed in aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution (AHPS) to activate the aromatic ring structures in YLFC, followed by the further oxidation with aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution (ASHS) to degrade the macromolecular networks in YLFC into soluble portions. Meanwhile, oxidation of YLFC with ASHS was also performed to investigate the role of pretreatment with AHPS in the oxidative degradation of YLFC in ASHS. The results show that 95.5% of the macromolecular structure in YLFC was converted by the two-step oxidation, while the conversion rate of YLFC in ASHS is only 59.3%. Noteworthily, the pretreatment with AHPS is more effective to increase the yields of more valuable pentacarboxy benzene and mellitic acid compared with benzenecarboxylic acids with fewer carboxylic groups. The sharp increase in the yield of oxidation products by pretreatment with AHPS could be related to .OH produced from H2O2 decomposition, which can break the weak oxygenated linkages and generate oxygenated functional groups. Thus, the activated aromatic ring structures and improved hydrophilicity of YLFC contribute to the deep decomposition of condensed aromatic rings caused by aggression of the reactive intermediate O2–. generated from ionization equilibriums in ASHC. The synergistic effect of the two-step oxidation leads to the complete degradation of macromolecular networks in YLFC.

Inverse metal-assisted chemical etching of germanium with gold and hydrogen peroxide

Metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) is a flexible technique for texturing the surface of semiconductors. In this work, we study the spatial variation of the etch profile, the effect of angular orientation relative to the crystallographic planes, and the effect of doping type. We employ gold in direct contact with germanium as the metal catalyst, and dilute hydrogen peroxide solution as the chemical etchant. With this catalyst-etchant combination, we observe inverse-MACE, where the area directly under gold is not etched, but the neighboring, exposed germanium experiences enhanced etching. This enhancement in etching decays exponentially with the lateral distance from the gold structure. An empirical formula for the gold-enhanced etching depth as a function of lateral distance from the edge of the gold film is extracted from the experimentally measured etch profiles. The lateral range of enhanced etching is approximately 10–20 μm and is independent of etchant concentration. At length scales beyond a few microns, the etching enhancement is independent of the orientation with respect to the germanium crystallographic planes. The etch rate as a function of etchant concentration follows a power law with exponent smaller than 1. The observed etch rates and profiles are independent of whether the germanium substrate is n-type, p-type, or nearly intrinsic.

Preliminary investigations of microplastic pollution in karst systems, from surface watercourses to cave waters

Microplastic pollution in different environments has increasingly been documented in detail in recent times, but it is still poorly studied in caves and karst aquifers. To deepen the knowledge of microplastic pollution, for karst environment protection and conservation purposes, we collected and investigated different water samples from a karst area of Italy, considering connected surface and cave waters. Microplastics were extracted from water samples by filtration and subjected to organic matter removal with 15% hydrogen peroxide solution. Microplastics on filters were counted and characterised (size, colour, shape) via visual identification under a microscope, with and without UV light, exploiting fluorescence given by fluorescent whitening additives contained in plastic materials. Finally, spectroscopic analyses were carried out on 10% of the microplastics observed on each filter. The concentration of microplastics in cave waters varied from 12 to 54 items/L, with a mean value of 28 items/L. In the surface water of a tributary, it was of 23 items/L, and in the downstream, it was 29 items/L. Fibres represented the most abundant shape (95.1%) in the karst system waters, and most microplastics (82.9%) were smaller than 1 mm. The majority of the microplastics were fluorescent under UV light (84.8%), and most fluorescent particles were transparent (46%). However, black microplastics (68%) were more common among the non-fluorescent ones. Polyethylene (51.7%) was the main type of microplastics found in the karst system waters. Our results show the presence of microplastics in karst systems and provide useful information for future research. Karst aquifers are open systems, subjected to possible contamination by surface pollutants. Microplastics in karst systems can be consumed by animals, damage ecosystems and contaminate water resources; surface karst areas and underground environments should therefore be monitored and protected, especially regarding the management of water resources. To further understand the sources and transport of microplastics within a karst system, analyses on a greater range of surface and subterranean waters throughout the world are required.