Activation Of Peroxidation Research Articles

The Renin-Angiotensin System Involvement in Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: An Overview of Physiological and Pathological Mechanisms-A Systematic Review.

Cisplatin (CDDP) is a highly potent chemotherapy drug. But its nephrotoxicity poses a significant limitation to its use. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been proposed to play a role in drug-induced nephrotoxicity. This systematic review (SR) sought to identify the link between CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity and the RAS pathway. In this SR, relevant keywords were employed to explore databases such as PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus (Elsevier), and Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science up to October 2023. Nine studies were selected based on predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. The findings support the involvement of the RAS in the CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity model, along with the activation of inflammatory mediators, lipid peroxidation, and changes in markers of kidney tissue damage. Furthermore, physiology and pathology of RAS-related interventions in CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity models have involved the factors such as human organic cation transporter 2 (hOCT2), organic anion transporting polypeptides 1B1 (OATP1B1) and 1B3, kallikrein-kinin system, and bradykinin receptors. CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity has been found to be substantially influenced by both classic and nonclassic RAS axes. Angiotensin II exacerbates renal damage induced by CDDP. Conversely, inhibiting the pressor arm of RAS in males mitigates this damage. However, activation of the renal vasodepressor arm of RAS exacerbates CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity in females. These findings underscore gender differences in renal function and response to RAS-related interventions in the presence of CDDP. This SR provides insights into both beneficial and adverse interventions associated with RAS in the CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity, offering valuable considerations for researchers and clinicians.

Dishomeostatic phenomena in acute pancreatitis of variable severity

Acute pancreatitis remains one of the most dangerous pathologies in the structure of emergency abdominal surgery. This is due to many reasons, including an increase in the frequency of destructive forms of the disease, high mortality, and frequent unfavorable outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate a number of leading components of homeostasis in patients with acute pancreatitis of varying severity. A retrospective study was conducted on 50 patients with acute pancreatitis of diff erent severity levels who were hospitalized at the Republican Clinical Hospital named after S.V. Katkovа (Saransk, Russia). The patients were divided into groups: the fi rst group (control, n = 30) consisted of patients with mild acute pancreatitis, and the second group (main, n = 20) consisted of patients with severe acute pancreatitis. The study evaluated the endogenous intoxication syndrome, the activity of lipid peroxidation and phospholipase systems, microcirculation status, liver function, and the activity of the coagulation-lytic blood system. The results showed that in the early stages of acute pancreatitis, several pathological processes were observed: the development of endotoxemia syndrome, activation of lipid peroxidation and phospholipase systems, microcirculation disorders, changes in the coagulation and fibrinolytic links of the hemostasis system, and liver function suppression. The severity of these disorders was associated with the severity of the pathology. In cases of mild severity, the changes in the parameters studied were reversible, while in severe cases they were stable and oftenirreversible. The presence of toxemia, oxidative stress, dysmicrocirculation, and hemostatic disorders should be considered as risk factors for disease progression and complications.

Assessment of new hydrogen peroxide activators in water and comparison of their active species toward contaminants of emerging concern

Advanced oxidation processes are the most efficient tool to thwart the overaccumulation of harmful organic compounds in the environment. In this direction bioinspired metal complexes may be a viable solution for oxidative degradations in water. However, their synthesis is often elaborated and their scalability consequently low. This study presents alternative easy-to-synthesize bioinspired metal complexes to promote degradations in water. The metals employed were iron and manganese ions, hence cheap and highly accessible ions. The complexes were tested toward Phenol, Estrone, Triclosan, Oxybenzone, Diclofenac, Carbamazepine, Erythromycin, Aspartame, Acesulfame K, Anisole and 2,4-Dinitrotoluene. The reaction favoured electron-rich compounds reaching a removal efficiency of over 90%. The central ion plays a crucial role. Specifically, Mn(II) induces a non-radical pathway while iron ions a predominant radical one (⋅OH is predominant). The iron systems resulted more versatile toward contaminants, while the manganese ones showed a higher turn-over number, hence higher catalytic behaviour.

FEATURES FUNCTIONING OF THE DETOXIFICATION SYSTEM AT THE THREAT TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY AS A CONSEQUENCE OF ACCUMULATION OF 137CS

To date, there is no consensus on the pathogenesis of miscarriage. In modern life, human health is signifi cantly infl uenced by environmental factors. In this regard, 37 years after the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant, the question of remote cytogenetic and hereditary eff ects in the off spring of parents aff ected by radiation remains relevant. Ecosystems contaminated with radioactive substances are a source of exposure for humans. Internal irradiation is the cause of reproductive losses. Radiation stress aff ects the course of redox processes in the body. Biochemical indicators are markers of the infl uence of environmental factors on a person. The study is dedicated to determining the state of peroxide hemostasis in the case of miscarriage. Aim: to determine the peculiarities of the functioning of the detoxification system in case of miscarriage due to the accumulation of 137Cs.Material and methods. The fi rst (research) group included women with reproductive losses in anamnesis and signs oftermination of the current pregnancy; the second (control) group included women with an uncomplicated history and course of pregnancy. Additionally, the fi rst group was divided into subgroups according to pregnancy outcomes: А – 38 women who gave birth at 37-40 weeks, despite the complicated course of the current pregnancy, В – 13 women who gave birth at 28-36 weeks + 6 days, С – 9 women who birth at 22-27 weeks + 6 days. The state of peroxide hemostasis in women was studied using biochemical studies. Accumulation of 137Cs with diff erent activity was detected in the placentas of the examined women of both groups using β-spectrometry. Morphological examination of placentas was performed according to the protocol. The severity of placental damage was studied by Olympus BX51 and Axioskop 40 microscopes. Analyzing the results revealed a relationship between biochemical indicators, the activity of 137Cs, and pregnancy scenarios. Statistical data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel (2016) and Fisher angular transformation. The diff erence between comparative values was considered signifi cant at p < 0.05 (probability index greater than 95 %). Permission to conduct research was obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee of the SI «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynecology named academic Elena M. Lukyanova of the National Аcademy of Мedical Sciences of Ukraine» (protocol No 3 of 07.06.2017).Scientifi c research work is to «Develop the latest and improve existing technologies for diagnosis, prevention, and treatmentof premature termination of pregnancy in women with miscarriage taking into account the passport of the placenta» (2018-2020). Code VN.20.00.02.18, state registration number 0118U000039, KPKV 6561040.Results. It has been confi rmed that the state of the environment plays a decisive role in the pathogenesis of miscarriage. Ithas been proven that placental dysfunction caused by abnormal oxidative stress due to the action of incorporated 137Cs leads to pregnancy termination. As a result of the depletion of the antioxidant reserve, the compensatory capabilities of the placenta decrease. It was established that activity in the placenta up to 1.0 Bq/kg of 137Cs does not aff ect the course of gestation. The compensatory capacity of the placenta remains preserved even with the accumulation of 1.1 to 4.4 Bq/kg of 137Cs. At the same time, it is possible to prolong the pregnancy until the term of timely delivery. Internal irradiation with an activity of 4.5-10.4 Bq/kg of 137Cs causes damage to the stroma of the maternal surface of the placenta and premature birth at 28-36 weeks + 6 days. At the same time, newborns are viable due to the preservation of compensatory reactions in the placenta. Accumulation of more than 10.4 Bq/kg of 137Cs causes antenatal death of the fetus and early premature birth due to damage to maternal and fetal structures of the placenta. An increase in the content of malondialdehyde and a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase in the blood indicate the severity of radiation damage.Conclusions. Internal exposure to 137Cs disrupts the architecture and functional capacity of the placenta. Extreme eff ectsdepend on the activity of 137Cs, the compensatory capabilities of the placenta, and the pregnant woman’s body. Activation of lipid peroxidation acts as a biochemical amplifi er of radiation exposure. An increase in the blood of malondialdehyde, diene conjugates, and free SH groups is associated with the severity of radiation damage. An early marker of primary placental dysfunction, premature birth, and antenatal fetal loss is an increase in MDA content in the blood by 12.0 % and a decrease in SOD by 6.5 % relative to permissible values. An early marker of exhaustion of the compensatory reserve is an increase in the content of MDA in the blood by 23.3 % and a decrease in SOD by more than 18.2 % relative to the permissible values. Decompensation of adaptation mechanisms in the system «mother- placenta-fetus» leads to antenatal losses.

Combined exposure to UV and PM affect skin oxinflammatory responses and it is prevented by antioxidant mix topical application: Evidences from clinical study.

Exposure to environmental stressors like particulate matter (PM) and ultraviolet radiation (UV) induces cutaneous oxidative stress and inflammation and leads to skin barrier dysfunction and premature aging. Metals like iron or copper are abundant in PM and are known to contribute to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Although it has been suggested that topical antioxidants may be able to help in preventing and/or reducing outdoor skin damage, limited clinical evidence under real-life exposure conditions have been reported. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of a topical serum containing 15% ascorbic acid, 0.5% ferulic acid, and 1% tocopherol (CF Mix) to prevent oxinflammatory skin damage and premature aging induced by PM + UV in a human clinical trial. A 4-day single-blinded, clinical study was conducted on the back of 15 females (18-40 years old). During the 4 consecutive days, the back test zones were treated daily with or without the CF Mix, followed by with/without 2 h of PM and 5 min of UV daily exposure. Application of the CF Mix prevented PM + UV-induced skin barrier perturbation (Involucrin and Loricrin), lipid peroxidation (4HNE), inflammatory markers (COX2, NLRP1, and AhR), and MMP9 activation. In addition, CF Mix was able to prevent Type I Collagen loss. This is the first human study confirming multipollutant cutaneous damage and suggesting the utility of a daily antioxidant topical application to prevent pollution induced skin damage.

Identification, heterologous expression and characterization of a new unspecific peroxygenase from Marasmius fiardii PR-910

Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) are glycosylated enzymes that provide an efficient method for oxyfunctionalizing a variety of substrates using only hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the oxygen donor. However, their poor heterologous expression has hindered their practical application. Here, a novel UPO from Marasmius fiardii PR910 (MfiUPO) was identified and heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris. By employing a two-copy expression cassette, the protein titer reached 1.18 g L−1 in a 5 L bioreactor, marking the highest record. The glycoprotein rMfiUPO exhibited a smeared band in the 40 to 55 kDa range and demonstrated hydroxylation, epoxidation and alcohol oxidation. Moreover, the peroxidative activity was enhanced by 150% after exposure to 50% (v/v) acetone for 40 h. A semi-preparative production of 4-OH-β-ionone on a 100 mL scale resulted in a 54.2% isolated yield with 95% purity. With its high expression level, rMfiUPO is a promising candidate as an excellent parental template for enhancing desirable traits such as increased stability and selectivity through directed evolution, thereby meeting the necessary criteria for practical application.Graphical

Correlation between molecules, which reflect malfunctioning of cellular respiration, degree of oxidative stress, and glycated hemoglobin in retinopaties with type 2 diabetes

Introduction. The pathogenetic role of biochemical changes in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is undoubted and determines the importance of studies that reveal metabolic disorders of both individual molecules and show the relationships between them. Because of some commonalities between tissue respiration, monosaccharide and tryptophan exchange, and activation of lipid peroxidation (LP), there is an interest in studying the relationship between metabolites of these pathways in retinopathy.Aim. The aim is to study the content of metabolites of the kynurenic pathway and intermediate product of lipid peroxidation in blood, and to reveal the correlation between them and glycated hemoglobin’s (HbA1c) level in retinopathy with type 2 diabetes.Materials and methods. The 1st group (control group) included 21 healthy people; the 2nd group included 21 people with «prediabetes», the 3rd group - 21 patients with type 2 diabetes, the 4th group - 63 people with type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR) of varying severity levels. The content of kynurenines in the blood plasma (kynurenine (KYN), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HKYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA)) of all participants, as well as the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography using a Shimadzu LC-20 chromatograph (Japan). The level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was determined using Beckman Coulter AU 480 (USA) biochemical analyzer. The results were calculated using Jamovi program version 2.3.Results. In the group of people with «prediabetes», the values of all studied parameters in the blood plasma were increased in comparison with the control group. In the group of patients with type 2 diabetes, the levels of KYN, 3- НKYN and MDA significantly exceeded those in the group of people with «prediabetes». In the group of people with DR, all indicators remained high, the values of 3-НKYN and KYNA showed a statistical difference compared to the group of patients with diabetes. When conducting a correlation analysis, corellations were identified between the level of HbA1c on the one hand and the values of KYN (r=0.77; p ˂ 0.001), concentrations of 3-НKYN (r=0.80; p ˂ 0.001), KYNA (r= 0.72; p ˂ 0.001) and MDA (r=0.84; p ˂ 0.001) – on the other. There was a correlation between HbA1c level and fundus scale (r=0.82; p ˂ 0.001) and between concentrations (of 3-HKYN) and MDA (r=0.50; p=0.002).Conclusion. An increased level of glycosylated hemoglobin and lipid peroxidation products in the blood during retinopathy against the background of type 2 diabetes, an increase in the concentrations of KYN, 3-HKYN, KYNA, and the presence of correlations between these indicators serve as the basis for proving the relationship of uncontrolled hyperglycemia with changes in cellular respiration and the development of oxidative stress. Hypoxic effects and the accumulation of intermediate metabolic products of the kynurenine pathway contribute to progressive neurovascular damage to the retina, activation of lipid peroxidation processes and inflammation.

Hepatic Alteration due to Formaldehyde Exposure on Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Formaldehyde is a hazardous chemical substance that can be found commonly in the environment which has various effects on cellular functions and could induce the cellular oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has a direct impact on the hepatic condition and could induce the activation of inflammatory mediators, lipid peroxidation, proteosomal degradation, and mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in hepatocyte injury that could be marked by hepatic enzyme elevation and hepatic weight alterations. This research was conducted using 16 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), divided into 4 groups each containing 4 Wistar rats. The first group was the control group, while the other groups were exposed to formaldehyde 10% by inhalation at doses of 20, 30, and 40 ppm formaldehyde persistently for 6 hours daily for about 16 weeks. The result of this study reveals that formaldehyde induction has a significant impact on hepatic weight elevations (p=0.007) and ALT enzyme elevations (p=0.000) in the treatment groups compared with the control group. Collectively, our results provide valuable information on the hazardous effects of formaldehyde inhalation, especially on the liver.

Allogeneic platelet-rich plasma inhibits ferroptosis in promoting wound repair of type 2 diabetic ulcers

Increasing evidence has revealed the emerging role of ferroptosis in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been demonstrated to facilitate the healing of T2DM ulcers. However, the mechanism by which PRP repairs T2DM ulcers remains unclear. Here, we sought to investigate the interaction between PRP and ferroptosis in repairing T2DM ulcers. The results showed that the cellular activity, proliferation, and migration of fibroblasts were down-regulated, and the cellular activity and normal function of vascular endothelial cells were impaired in the high glucose environment or under RSL3 conditions (a GSH peroxidase 4 inhibitor and ferroptosis inducer). Additionally, both cells experienced over-activation of multiple forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. In the T2DM rat model, we observed a decreased rate of ulcer wound healing, impaired proliferative capacity, diminished vascular regeneration, and marked inflammation and hyperfibrosis. More importantly, there was typical damage to mitochondria, increased levels of iron ions, and consistent alterations in protein expression of ferroptosis-related factors. These factors include cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), transferrin receptor (TFRC), and Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11 (SLC7A11), among others. Due to the strong association between ferroptosis and T2DM ulcers, the use of allogeneic platelet-rich plasma (Al-PRP) exhibited physiological effects similar to those of the ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). In vivo experiments, both drugs inhibited a range of impediments to wound healing caused by T2DM and ameliorated the adverse effects associated with ferroptosis. Moreover, Al-PRP attenuated the impairment of normal cellular function, activation of ROS and lipid peroxidation induced by high glucose or RSL3. These results suggested that ferroptosis was involved in the development of T2DM ulcers, which could be treated with Al-PRP by inhibiting ferroptosis, and inhibition of ferroptosis may be a suitable treatment strategy for T2DM ulcers.

Marine Polysaccharides Carrageenans Enhance Eryptosis and Alter Lipid Order of Cell Membranes in Erythrocytes.

Carrageenans of ι-, κ- and λ-types were incubated with washed erythrocytes (hematocrit 0.4%) at 0-1-5-10 g/L for either 24 h or 48 h. Incubation was followed by flow cytometry-based quantitative analysis of eryptosis parameters, including cell volume, cell membrane scrambling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation markers and confocal microscopy-based evaluation of intracellular Ca2+ levels, assessment of lipid order in cell membranes and the glutathione antioxidant system. Confocal microscopy was used to assess carrageenan cellular internalization using rhodamine B isothiocyanate-conjugated carrageenans. All three types of carrageenans were found to trigger eryptosis. Pro-eryptotic properties were type-dependent and λ-carrageenan had the strongest impact inducing phosphatidylserine membrane asymmetry, changes in cell volume, Ca2+ signaling and oxidative stress characterized by ROS overproduction, activation of lipid peroxidation and severe glutathione system depletion. Eryptosis induction by carrageenans does not require their uptake by erythrocytes. Changes in physicochemical properties of cell membrane were also type-dependent. No carrageenan-induced generation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals was observed in cell-free milieu. Our findings suggest that ι-, κ- and λ-types trigger eryptosis in a type-dependent manner and indicate that carrageenans can be further investigated as potential eryptosis-regulating therapeutic agents.

Can pharmaceutical care decrease the oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in oxidative stress, which is itself related to development of T2D’s main chronic complications. Oxidative stress caused by elevated production of reactive species of oxygen and decrease of antioxidant defense system level, leads to activation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and oxidative lipoprotein modification with increasing atherogenicity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether pharmacotherapeutic follow-up in patients with T2D, users and non-users of insulin, interferes with the levels of oxidative stress, measuring lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, nitric oxide and superoxide dismutase levels. After the follow-up, there was a decrease in nitric oxide levels and an increase in superoxide dismutase concentration for the group with insulin therapy. Accordingly, these results show that the proposed pharmaceutical care program reduced the oxidative stress levels, mainly in patients in insulin therapy, as a consequence, can impact in the surging of the main chronic complications in T2D.

Influence of Long-Term Anti-Seizure Medications on Redox Parameters in Human Blood.

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease affecting millions of people worldwide, but little is known about the impact of anti-seizure medications on redox homeostasis. This study aimed to compare the effects of the long-term use of oral anti-seizure medications in monotherapy (lamotrigine, carbamazepine, and valproate) on antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, haemoglobin, and methaemoglobin content in erythrocytes, and concentrations of total proteins and thiols, nitrites, lipid peroxides and total glutathione in the plasma of epilepsy patients and drug-naïve patients. The results showed that lamotrigine therapy led to lower superoxide dismutase activity (p < 0.005) and lower concentrations of total thiols (p < 0.01) and lipid peroxides (p < 0.01) compared to controls. On the other hand, therapy with carbamazepine increased nitrite levels (p < 0.01) but reduced superoxide dismutase activity (p < 0.005). In the valproate group, only a decrease in catalase activity was observed (p < 0.005). Canonical discriminant analysis showed that the composition of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes was different for both the lamotrigine and carbamazepine groups, while the controls were separated from all others. Monotherapy with anti-seizure medications discretely alters redox homeostasis, followed by distinct relationships between antioxidant components.

Oxidative response to accumulation of trace metals in tissue of two bivalves, the Asian green mussel Perna viridis and the blood cockle Tegillarca granosa, living in Pattani Bay, Thailand.

Using bivalves to indicate aquatic pollutants was favorable for discerning the negative effects of high levels of metal accumulation in tissue. We investigated the correlation between trace metal accumulation and the tissue oxidative response of two bivalves. The Asian green mussel Perna viridis and the blood cockle Tegillarca granosa were sampled along with seawater and sediments from three locations around Pattani Bay, Thailand. Accumulation of nine trace metals (cadmium, cobalt, copper, chromium, nickel, manganese, iron, zinc, and lead) in seawater, sediments, and tissue and the oxidative tissue response were evaluated. Metal bioaccumulation factor, biota-sediment accumulation factor, and histopathology were also indicated. The present study found that P. viridis and T. granosa were macroconcentrators and bioaccumulative of cadmium, and their tissue accumulation of cadmium was strongly related to lipid peroxidation activation. Perna viridis exhibited a higher oxidative response than T. granosa, as indicated by malondialdehyde, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels. The present study indicated that P. viridis and T. granosa were macroconcentrators and bioaccumulative of cadmium, and their tissue accumulation of cadmium was strongly related to lipid peroxidation activation. Research has shown discernible negative effects of a high level of metal accumulation in tissue, and deformed and damaged tissues were present in the gills, digestive glands, intestines, and feet of P. viridis and T. granosa.

The role of added oxidising agents in assisting the photocatalytic treatment of olive mill wastewater using a metal-free g-C3N4 optical semiconductor

Olive mill wastewaters (OMW) consist of high organic contents and are harmful to aquatic and terrestrial biota. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a technology that can be operated under mild conditions to remove pollutants in the liquid phase. In the present work, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, hereafter referred to as GCN) is studied for the first time as a metal-free photocatalyst for OMW treatment. The integration with peroxidation (H2O2), Fenton (Fe2+/H2O2 at both acidic and natural pH), chlorination (HOCl/ClO−) or persulfate (PS) activation is also investigated. This catalyst potentiated the activation of these oxidants, and H2O2 was identified as the best option to achieve high removals of total phenolic content – TPh (87.5 ± 0.3 %), dissolved organic carbon – DOC (63.8 ± 0.4 %) and chemical oxygen demand – COD (87.7 ± 0.6 %), without need to add iron or adjust the pH. The stability and reusability of the GCN material in the H2O2-assisted photocatalytic treatment of OMW give rise to new possibilities for treating these waste waters.

Liquiritigenin, an Active Ingredient of Liquorice, Alleviates Acute Kidney Injury by VKORC1-Mediated Ferroptosis Inhibition.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major public health problem worldwide that still lacks effective treatments. Recent studies have suggested that ferroptosis is a key mediator of AKI due to its activation of lipid peroxidation. Therefore, we hypothesized that antiferroptosis agents might be a novel potential therapeutic strategy for AKI. Herein, we demonstrated that liquiritigenin (LG), an active ingredient of liquorice, improves renal function by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1)-mediated ferroptosis, both in vivo and in vitro. In a folic acid-induced murine AKI model, after a single pre-treatment intravenous injection, LG markedly alleviated the loss of renal function through suppressing ferroptosis induced by iron accumulation. LG prevented mitochondrial morphological changes and upregulated glutathione and glutathione peroxidase 4 levels, while downregulating malonaldehyde and divalent iron levels. An in vitro RNA-sequence analysis suggested that the protective role of LG may involve upregulation of VKORC1. Moreover, knockdown of VKORC1 diminished the renal protective and antiferroptosis roles of LG. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that LG protected against AKI by inhibiting VKORC1-mediated ferroptosis. This suggests that inhibiting ferroptosis might be a novel therapeutic approach in the future.

Dietary supplementation of saffron petal elicits positive effects on performance, antioxidant status, and health of dairy goats

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of saffron petal (SP) on lactation performance, nutrients digestibility, and antioxidant status of dairy goats. Eighteen multiparous Saanen goats were randomly divided into three groups and fed with one of experimental diets containing 0 (control), 1.5, and 3% of SP (DM basis). Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were recorded daily. The individual blood samples were collected on days 0, 21, 42 and antioxidant capacity was measured in blood. The milk samples were collected on weeks 1, 3 and 6 of the trial and analyzed for antioxidant status. DMI, body weight (BW) and nutrients digestibility were similar following SP ingestion. Compared with control, supplementation with 3% SP increased milk production (P ≤ 0.05). Of all milk components, only the protein content was increased (P ≤ 0.05) in goats receiving 3% SP diet. Plasma glucose and cholesterol decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in goats fed 3% SP. The plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was depressed and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was enhanced in both plasma and milk of goats fed 3% SP. Likewise, the activity of glutathione peroxides (GPx) was enhanced (P ≤ 0.05) with 3% SP supplementation, however, no differences were observed for the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the blood. Overall, the findings implied that SP supplementation (up to 3% DM of diet) for lactating goats increased milk yield and improved the antioxidant status of blood and milk without deleterious effects on DMI and nutrients digestibility.

Inhibition of ACLY overcomes cancer immunotherapy resistance via polyunsaturated fatty acids peroxidation and cGAS-STING activation.

Adenosine 5'-triphosphate citrate lyase (ACLY) is a cytosolic enzyme that converts citrate into acetyl-coenzyme A for fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis. ACLY is up-regulated or activated in many cancers, and targeting ACLY by inhibitors holds promise as potential cancer therapy. However, the role of ACLY in cancer immunity regulation remains poorly understood. Here, we show that ACLY inhibition up-regulates PD-L1 immune checkpoint expression in cancer cells and induces T cell dysfunction to drive immunosuppression and compromise its antitumor effect in immunocompetent mice. Mechanistically, ACLY inhibition causes polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation and mitochondrial damage, which triggers mitochondrial DNA leakage to activate the cGAS-STING innate immune pathway. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of ACLY overcomes cancer resistance to anti-PD-L1 therapy in a cGAS-dependent manner. Furthermore, dietary PUFA supplementation mirrors the enhanced efficacy of PD-L1 blockade by ACLY inhibition. These findings reveal an immunomodulatory role of ACLY and provide combinatorial strategies to overcome immunotherapy resistance in tumors.

Iron-doped swine bone char as hydrogen peroxide activator for efficient removal of acetaminophen in water

Bone char is a functional material obtained by calcining animal bones and is widely used for environmental remediation. In this work, iron was inserted into porcine bone-derived bone char via ion exchange to synthesize iron-doped bone char (Fe-BC) for efficient catalysis of hydrogen peroxide. This is the first time that Fe-BC has been used as a catalyst for the activation of H2O2. The effectiveness of the Fe-BC catalyst was influenced by the annealing temperature and the amount of iron doping. The results showed that the activation of H2O2 by the Fe-BC catalyst with the best catalytic performance could achieve 97.6% of APAP degradation within 30 min. Insights from electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), free radical scavenging experiments and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) proposed a reaction mechanism based on free radicals dominated degradation pathways (OH and O2−). Iron served as the primary active site in Fe-BC, with defect sites and oxygen-containing groups in the catalyst also contributing to the removal of pollutants. The Fe-BC/H2O2 system demonstrated resilience to interference from common anions (Cl−, NO3−, SO42− and HCO3−) in water, but was less effective against humic acid (HA). Based on the detection of intermediates produced during APAP degradation, possible degradation pathways of APAP were proposed and the toxicity of intermediates was evaluated. This work provides fresh insights into the use of heterogeneous Fenton catalysts for the removal of organic pollutants from water.

The impact of activation of lipid peroxidation and correctors of calcium-phosphorus metabolism on the condition of periodontal tissues in experimental periodontitis

Relevance. The activation of lipid peroxidation in ultrastructural damage to the oral cells and tissues and maintaining periodontal inflammation plays a crucial role in periodontitis development. There is also evidence of the positive role of some calcium-phosphorus metabolism correctors on the condition of inflamed periodontal tissues. Thus, studying the impact of activation of lipid peroxidation and calcium-phosphorus metabolism correctors in chronic periodontitis treatment is of undoubted theoretical and practical interest. The study developed an experimental model of chronic periodontitis, which helped to investigate the effectiveness of therapy with teriparatide (parathormone) and ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate (Mexidol).Purpose. The study aimed to investigate the impact of activation of lipid peroxidation and calcium-phosphorus metabolism correctors on the periodontium condition in an experimental model of chronic periodontitis.Material and methods. An experimental study included 48 white laborator y male rats weighing 230-280 grams using the author's experimental periodontitis model. Result processing utilized a specialized complex of histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical research methods.Results. Lipid peroxides proved to play a crucial role in the development and progression of chronic periodontitis. The therapy carried out in the main group of animals is a factor initiating the acceleration of restructuring metabolic processes of periodontium cell membrane structures to activate ion transport and increase the activity of membrane-bound enzymes that block the chain reaction of oxygen molecule transgeneration from precursor cells with the formation of aldehydes, peroxides and ketones.Conclusion. The study results substantiate the need for additional prescription of antioxidants and calcium-phosphorus metabolism correctors to maintain the balance of antiradical and antiperoxide compounds.

Phospholipid-derived Au and Au–Cu suspensions as efficient peroxide and borohydride activators for organic molecules degradation: Performance and sustainable catalytic mechanism

In the contemporary context, executing light-oxidant- and reductant-driven reactions in solution-phase processes remains challenging mainly due to the lack of general tools for understanding the reactive potential of nano-functional catalysts. In this study, dual-active nanometals (Au and Cu doped with Au) capped within soy lecithin (SL), were developed and characterized, combining flexibility with the catalytic advantages and stability of liquid-phase catalysts. The as-synthesized SL-Au (LG) and SL-Au-Cu (LGC) catalysts were efficiently degraded rhodamine B (RB, 100%) in the presence of H2O2 under light irradiation (350 W lamp) at wide pH range (3–7) within 4.5 h and p-nitrophenol (p-NP, >90% degradation at pH 7) in the presence of NaBH4 under normal stirring with slower kinetics (∼72 h). RB degradation followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with a higher r2, and p-NP degradation followed first-order kinetics. The active sites embedded within the structural order of SL arrangement displayed elevated catalytic activity, which was further enhanced by the movement of intermediate/excited states and charged elements within the metal suspended in the phospholipid (LG and LGC). The self-regulating tunability of the physicochemical characteristics of these catalysts provides a convenient and generalizable platform for the transformation of modern dual-active (redox) catalysts into dynamic homogeneous equivalents.