Pernambuco Research Articles

Dichotomous Keys Based on Cytogenetic Data for Triatomines Reported in Brazilian Regions with Outbreaks of Orally Transmitted Chagas Disease (Pernambuco and Rio Grande Do Norte).

Chagas disease (CD) affects about eight million people worldwide. Brazil has the highest number of estimated cases and the largest number of deaths due to CD. Considering the recent outbreaks of oral CD involving at least 27 cases of acute CD in Pernambuco (PE) as well as 18 cases and 2 deaths in the Rio Grande do Norte (RN), we developed dichotomous keys for the identification of triatomine species in these Brazilian states based on cytogenetic data. All triatomine species could be distinguished by cytogenetic characteristics, emphasizing the importance of the newly developed taxonomic keys for the correct identification of triatomes from PE and RN, particularly for species that exhibit morphological similarities, such as Triatoma brasilensis and T. petrocchiae (present in both states) and T. maculata and T. pseudomaculata (as T. pseudomaculata has been misidentified as T. maculata in PE and RN). These alternative keys are expected to provide a useful tool for the scientific community and, above all, health agents, aimed at preventing mistakes from occurring in the identification of the vectors present in PE and RN related to CD outbreaks caused by oral infection.

New Species, New Records, and Updated Key to the Paravelia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae) from Brazil.

Simple SummaryTrue bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of the infraorder Gerromorpha are known as semiaquatic bugs due to their ability to walk on the surface of water. Veliidae is the most diverse family of semiaquatic bugs, including six subfamilies, 61 genera, and more than 960 described species. The genus Paravelia Breddin, 1898 (Veliidae: Veliinae), or broad-shouldered water-striders, occurs in a wide variety of lentic and lotic freshwater habitats, and is represented in Brazil by 38 species. Although the diversity of Paravelia in the country is relatively well known, eight states remain with no records of the genus. Aiming to fill these gaps, several expeditions were carried out between 2018 and 2021. As a result, a new species is described from Pernambuco State, three species are recorded for the first time in Ceará, Pernambuco and Piauí states, and an updated key to the Brazilian species of the genus is provided.The broad-shouldered water-strider genus Paravelia Breddin, 1898 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae: Veliinae) is currently represented in Brazil by 38 species. Although the diversity of the genus in the country is relatively well known, eight states remain with no records of any species: Acre, Alagoas, Ceará (CE), Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco (PE), Piauí (PI), and Tocantins. Aiming to fill these gaps, several expeditions were carried out at conservation areas of the Caatinga biome between 2018 and 2021: Aiuaba Ecological Station (CE), Catimbau National Park (PE), and Serra das Confusões National Park (PI). Paravelia luisi sp. nov., a new species from PE, is described and illustrated. In addition, new records of P. bilobata Rodrigues, Moreira, Nieser, Chen & Melo, 2014, P. digitata Rodrigues & Moreira, 2016, and P. nieseri Moreira & Barbosa, 2012, and an updated key to the Brazilian species of Paravelia are provided. This study increases the number of species of Paravelia known in Brazil to 39 and provides the first records of the genus from three states: PE, with two species, and CE and PI, with one species each.

The macroeconomics of epidemics: Interstate heterogeneity in Brazil

We applied the SIR-macro model proposed by Eichenbaum et al. (2020) in its complete version to comparatively study the interaction between economic decisions and COVID-19 epidemics in five different Brazilian states: São Paulo (SP), Amazonas (AM), Ceará (CE), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), and Pernambuco (PE). Our goal was to analyze qualitatively how the main intrinsic differences of each of these states could affect the epidemic dynamics and its consequences. We computed and compared the model for each of the states, both in competitive equilibrium and under optimal containment policy adoption, and analyzed the implications of optimal policy adoption. We concluded that the intrinsic characteristics of the five different states could imply relevant differences in the general dynamics of the epidemic, in the optimal containment policies, in the effect of the adoption of these policies, and the severity of the economic recessions. One year after the original ex-ante calibration, we evaluated the death toll and economic recession predicted by the model comparing it against real data. The model predictions showed to be qualitatively sufficient to anticipate the size of the pandemic risk that later materialized in Brazil.

Population-based, spatiotemporal modeling of social risk factors and mortality from schistosomiasis in Brazil between 1999 and 2018

Schistosomiasis remains a significant public health concern in Brazil. To identify areas at, and social determinants of health (SDH) associated with, high-risk for schistosomiasis-related mortality from Brazil, we conducted a spatial and spatiotemporal modeling assessing all deaths confirmed in Brazil between 1999 and 2018. We used the segmented log-linear regression model to assess temporal trends, and the local empirical Bayesian estimator, the Global and Local Moran Index for spatial analysis. A total of 12,251 schistosomiasis-related deaths were reported in this period. Within the Mortality Information System (SIM) of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, the states of Alagoas (AL), Pernambuco (PE) and Sergipe (SE) recording the highest mortality rates: 2.21, 1.92 and 0.80 deaths/100,000 inhabitants, respectively. Analyses revealed an increase in the mean age of schistosomiasis-related deaths over the time assessed (APC = 0.9; p-value<0.05). Spatial analysis identified a concentration of municipalities presenting high risk of schistosomiasis-related mortality along the coastline of PE and AL. Similarly, we identified the formation of high space-time clusters in municipalities in the states of PE, AL, SE, Bahia, and Minas Gerais. Finally, mortality rates showed a significant correlation with 96.96% of SDH indices. The data reveal additional important changes in schistosomiasis-related deaths in Brazil between 1999 and 2018, such as a slow reduction among males (unlike females that displayed no change). Regardless, our analyses indicates that schistosomiasis continues to have the greatest detrimental impact in poor regions of Brazil and suggest the need for enhancement of current control measures to accelerate progress.

COVID-19 lethality in Brazilian States using information theory quantifiers

In this paper, we presented an overview diagnosis consider the time series of daily deaths by COVID-19 in the Brazilian States using Bandt & Pompe method (BPM) to estimate the Information Theory quantifiers, more specifically the Permutation entropy (H s ) and the Fisher information measure (F s ). Based on the Information Theory quantifiers, we build up the Shannon-Fisher causality plane (SFCP) to promote insights into the COVID-19 temporal evolution inherent in the phenomenology associated with the number of daily deaths well as their respective locations along the SFCP. Moreover, we apply H s and F s to elaborate on the rank of the Brazilian States’ real situation, considering the number of daily death due to COVID-19 based on the complexity hierarchy. The Brazilian States that are located in the middle region of the two-dimensional plane (H s x F s ), such as Amapá (AP), Roraima (RO), Acre (AC), and Tocantins (TO) are characterized by a less entropic and low disorder, which implies in high predictability of the COVID-19 lethality. While, the Brazilian States that are located in the lower-right region, such as Ceará (CE), Bahia (BA), Pernambuco (PE), and Rio de Janeiro (RJ), are characterized by high entropy and high disorder, which leads to low predictability of the COVID-19 lethality. Given this, our results provide empirical evidence that the permutation entropy is a powerful approach to predicting infectious diseases. Dynamic monitoring of permutation entropy can help policymakers to take more or less restrictive measures to combat COVID-19.

True Prevalence and Spatial Distribution of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) in Horses from Northeast Region of Brazil

Background: Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a viral infection, caused by a lentivirus of the Retroviridae family, Orthoretrovirinael subfamily and its occurrence generates significant economic losses due to culling of positive animals as a measure of infection control. The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of horses positive for equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) and to identify the occurrence of areas with higher densities of cases in the states of Paraíba (PB), Pernambuco (PE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN) and Ceará (CE), Northeast region of Brazil, during the rainy (May and June) and dry (October and November) periods of 2017 and 2018.Materials, Methods &amp; Results: Serum samples from 6,566 horses from the states of PB, PE, RN and CE, Brazil, provided by the Laboratório Veterinária Diagnóstico - Ltda., were used. Serological diagnosis of EIA was performed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a screening test and agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) as a confirmatory test. The apparent prevalence was obtained by dividing the number of seroreactive animals by the total number of animals, while the true prevalence was estimated by adjusting the apparent prevalence, considering the sensitivity (100%) and specificity (98.6%) of the diagnostic protocol used. For the construction of Kernel estimates, the Quartic function was used. In the dry season, of the 1,564 animals sampled, 28 were serologically positive, of which 19 belonged to the state of Ceará, 7 to Paraíba and 2 to Rio Grande do Norte. In 2018, it was observed that, during the rainy season, 26 of the 1,635 horses were seroreactive, with 19 cases resulting from Ceará, 4 from Paraíba and 3 from Pernambuco. In the dry season, 32 of the 1,526 animals were seroreactive to EIAV, of which 26 were from Ceará, 3 from Paraíba, 1 from Rio Grande do Norte and 2 from Pernambuco. In the dry period of 2017, the CE had a real prevalence of 1.22% (95% CI = 0.05 - 2.99%). In 2018, during the rainy season, prevalences of 0.03% (95% CI = 0 - 1.18%) were identified in CE and 1.69% (95% CI = 0 - 8.38%) in PE. Regarding the 2018 dry period, a prevalence of 1.32% (95% CI = 0.26 - 2.84%) was found in the state of CE. In both dry and rainy periods of 2017, the presence of spatial clusters of animals positive for EIA was observed, mainly in the border areas among the states of CE, PE, PB and RN. In 2018, there was a variation in the distribution of areas with higher densities of cases between the rainy and dry periods.Discussion: The state of CE had the highest prevalence of positive animals and the presence of areas with higher densities of EIA cases in both climatic periods, in the years 2017 and 2018. In some municipalities of the CE, important sporting events of agglomeration of animals take place, which can favor the transmission of EIAV by facilitating the contact of infected and susceptible animals. Population density may be a factor associated with the higher prevalence observed in this region, as it has the second largest herd among the states studied. Higher densities indirectly contribute to the occurrence of infectious diseases, as they favor the contact of infected and susceptible animals. The occurrence of higher densities of cases in the border areas of the states of PE, RN, CE, and PB may be related to the greater movement of animals in these regions, favoring the indirect contact of infected horses with susceptible ones. The observed results demonstrate the circulation of the EIAV in four states in the Northeast region of Brazil.Keywords: Equine infectious anemia virus, prevalence, spatial clusters, epidemiology.

Zika virus in Brazil: an overview of public health policies

Objective: The purpose of this review was to discuss the effectiveness of public health policies in controlling Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil from 2015 to 2019 with an emphasis in the state of Pernambuco. Literature Review: Zika virus is an arbovirus primarily transmitted to humans by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Since 2015, the control of Aedes aegypti proliferation and diffusion has been a global subject of discussion due to its role in ZIKV transmission and the emergence of serious clinical symptoms resulting from this infection. In Brazil, the public policies established to control ZIKV outbreak were mostly based on vector control. Final Considerations: The coping model to manage the transmission vector of ZIKV is not showing to be effective. Furthermore, until the social factors that favor the development and maintenance of mosquito breeding sites are eradicated, Brazil will continue to be susceptible to new outbreaks of mosquito-driven arboviruses. Here, we discussed the effectiveness of public health policies for the control of ZIKV in Brazil from 2015 to 2019, with a primary focus on the state of Pernambuco (PE).

Duplex qPCR for Leishmania species identification using lesion imprint on filter paper

BackgroundAmerican cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is caused by different Leishmania parasites, which stimulate and direct the immune response against the infection. ObjectiveTo evaluate the TaqMan probe technology applicability to diagnose and identifying of Leishmania spp. related to the ACL etiology. MethodologyThrough the MEGA 6.0 software, performed an in silico analysis using multiple alignments of Leishmania spp. which were available on GenBank for different genomic targets. The efficiency (e), specificity and detection limit (DL) were calculated for each system, these were associated to compose a duplex-qPCR (DqPCR). The samples of blood, lesion biopsy and lesion imprint on filter paper from patients residing in states of Amazonas (AM) and Pernambuco (PE)-Brazil, (cases and controls) were used to perform the DqPCR technique. The capacity to identify the Leishmania species was determined by comparison with isoenzymes method and sequencing analysis. ResultsInternal Transcribed Spacer 1 (rDNA) was the target selected. Two sets of primers and probes were designed and combined: SVS for subgenus Viannia and LaS for L. (L.) amazonensis. The results were: SVSe = 93.24%, SVS DL = 50 fg/μL; LaSe = 89.3%, LaSLD = 5 fg/μL presented 100% of specificity. In total, 236 individuals participated of the present study, wherein were 101 blood samples, 33 biopsies and 147 lesion imprints. The imprint was the most sensitive sample, showing 83.06% of sensitivity, 86.96% of specificity and substantial agreement between the techniques analysis (k = 0.531; p < 0,001). Regarding the species identification, DqPCR and sequencing/isoenzymes have agreed at 100%, since the infection is caused by a single Leishmania species. Conclusion: The DqPCR technique was applicable in diagnosis and identification of Leishmania spp. (subgenus Viannia and L. amazonensis). Furthermore, the lesion imprint is less invasive, allowing a fewer discomfort and greater acceptance by the patients, in addition of being low cost and easy handling.

Disaster risk governance: institutional vulnerability assessment with emphasis on non-structural measures in the municipality of Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco (PE), Brazil

PurposeClimate change has had serious consequences at the global and local levels, which has required more effective scientific studies and management measures for disaster risk reduction strategies. This paper aims to analyze and discuss the degree of institutional vulnerability in terms of disaster risk governance, with emphasis on non-structural measures taken in the municipality of Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, Brazil.Design/methodology/approachFive indicators were analyzed, composed of Planning and Management Instrument, Management Structure, Preventive Action, Multidisciplinary Work and Emergency Funds. It is worth highlighting the form application with government actors, involving technicians from strategic areas of the municipality and official reports analysis. It stands out the importance of non-structural measures to strengthen this governance.FindingsFrom the results of this study was noted that municipal management adopted measures to develop integrated planning, acting within the principles recommended in the Sendai framework (2015–2030), characterized as a medium degree of institutional vulnerability. Recommendations are suggested for the improvement of the entire governance system, according to the indicators and documents analyzed.Originality/valueThis article integrates a set of data and analyses relevant to the Disaster Risk Governance, regarding the assessment of institutional vulnerability with a view to non-structural actions. The importance and significance of the composed indicators allow measuring and evaluating institutional vulnerabilities. The methodology created fomented the production of scientific knowledge that allows employment in other municipalities.

Macroscopic morphological aspects, ecometry and rebound tonometry of the eye bulb in sloth (Bradypus variegatus)

ABSTRACT: The field related to the visual system of wild animals is deeply scarce. Settling anatomical and physiological parameters for these animals is still a descriptive vision for Bradypus variegatus (Schinz, 1825). Thus, our research aimed to determine patterns of normal eye for this species. For this purpose, eight eye bulbs were dissected from the carcasses obtained by natural death, and then performed an overview of ocular anatomical. Rebound tonometry (RBT) and ocular B-mode ultrasonography were also applied for eight eyes in four animals from “Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos”, situated in the city of Recife, state of Pernambuco (PE), to estimate the intraocular pressure and ocular ecobiometry. The ocular morphology of sloth is similar as described for other species, however, with some peculiarities. They present a third eyelid emerging in the nasal region of the inferior conjunctival sac and retina and also contain little differentiated blood vessels. Medium the intraocular pressure (IOP) was 4.25mmHg with no difference for both eyes. Ultrasonography of ocular anatomy is also similar regarding other species. Ecobiometric patterns were evaluated to determine the anterior chamber depth, lens width, vitreous chamber depth, and axial length (AL) of ocular globe and the averaged as shown 0.63±1.11mm, 3.73±0.24mm, 6.15±0.41mm, 3.70±0.27mm, and 8.48±0.22mm, respectively. There was no difference between the right and left eyes. The RBT and ocular B-mode ultrasonography are fast exams and easy for animal testing. This study contributed to the characterization of ocular anatomy as well as settling medium values of IOP and intraocular measures; however, further research on physiology and histology is necessary to better understand the visual function of the species.

Spatiotemporal clusters of schistosomiasis mortality and association with social determinants of health in the Northeast region of Brazil (1980–2017)

The Northeast region of Brazil includes the states with the highest prevalence for schistosomiasis mansoni (SM). This study aimed to evaluate the spatiotemporal patterns of SM mortality and to analyze this association with social determinants in health. We conducted an ecological time series study (1980–2017), using spatial analysis tools. Time trend analysis was performed by joinpoint regression. Maps representing mortality rates for SM were constructed and Moran Index was calculated to analyze spatial autocorrelation. A total of 13,720 deaths from SM were reported in this period. The states of Pernambuco (PE) (50.62%) and Alagoas (AL) (22.09%) had the highest mortality percentages. The mortality rate decreased from 1.28 to 0.63 along the time. Although most states showed a stable trend, Sergipe (SE) and Bahia (BA) showed increasing trends in the latest years. Additionally, the spatial analysis showed the concentration of municipalities that presented high risk in the coastal region of the states of PE, AL, SE, and BA. Lastly, mortality rates were correlated with social and educational indicators and hospitalizations for diarrhea. Altogether, these results demonstrate that some states showed stable or increasing trends of SM mortality in the last period of the studied time interval.

Feasibility of groundwater desalination in the northeast of Brazil

Seasonal droughts occur in Northeast of Brazil by centuries, due to water shortage caused by the 2012-2018 severe drought, state governments have declared a state of emergency for most of the municipalities. As most of the municipalities depend on surface waters for the urban water supply system and the majority of water reservoirs in the Northeast being in a critical situation, the desalination of groundwater would be a feasible solution. This paper aims to identify municipalities in the state of emergency in the states of Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Paraíba (PB) and Pernambuco (PE) feasible for an implementation of a distillation desalination plant powered by a renewable energy source. In this context, the method used to discover the best locations was to apply six criteria (Being in a state of emergency due to water shortage; Need in investment in the water supply system; Surface waters as the main source of water supply; Population number between 4,000 and 25,000 people; High level of total solids dissolved in groundwaters; Great potential for solar and wind energy production), crossed them in GIS software and classified into “Most Feasible” and “Feasible”. The result obtained identified RN with the bigger number of “Most Feasible” municipalities and PE with the bigger number of “Feasible” municipalities for groundwater desalination.&#x0D; Key Words: Semi-arid; Water Supply System; Renewable Energy.

Pesca artesanal: reflexões sobre políticas públicas na Colônia de Pescadores Z-33 em Porto Jatobá, Pernambuco

O artigo mapeia políticas públicas na Colônia de Pescadores em Porto Jatobá, Abreu e Lima, Pernambuco (PE), no período de 2010 a 2014. A pesquisa qualitativa conclui que as ações implementadas por essas políticas foram criadas e executadas de forma verticalizada. Isso resultou em baixa eficácia das ações de algumas dessas políticas. Por outro lado, nas ações em que se priorizou o diálogo com a comunidade, constatam-se impactos positivos no cotidiano laboral dos pescadores.

PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INJURIES IN RECREATIONAL RUNNERS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

ABSTRACT Introduction The increased number of people who choose running as a form of exercise has been associated with a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries. Objectives To determine the prevalence and the factors that could be correlated with injuries among amateur runners in Recife, in the State of Pernambuco (PE), Brazil. Methods An observational, cross-sectional study, in which 300 (three hundred) amateur runners answered a social demographic questionnaire, as well as questions about training characteristics, footstrike and landing pattern, and history of running injuries. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the student-t test to compare means, and the Chi-squared to compare prevalences. Results The prevalence of injuries amongst runners in Recife-PE was 58.5% (n= 175), the knee being the most commonly injured site (37.3%). In both groups - runners with and without injuries – there was a higher number of male runners, with 72.4% and 72.6% respectively. There was no difference in relation to the weekly frequency of running between the groups (p&lt;0.63). However, runners with a history of injuries ran around 7 kmh a week more than the runners without injuries (p&lt;0.03). A neutral footstrike (F=0.87; p=0.99) and hindfoot landing (F=4.13; p=0.90) were the most reported running patterns in both groups. It was found that wear was the main criterion used for changing running shoes in both groups (F = 8.35, p = 0.4). Conclusion There was a high prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries among amateur runners in Recife-PE. Among the factors associated with the injuries, one variable was significant: a higher weekly volume of training. Level of evidence II; Study type: Cross-sectional study.

A sucessão geracional no meio rural em cinco estados brasileiros: possibilidades e limites

This article analyzes aspects related to rural succession, which occur in family farming establishments. The information was collected, using the case study methodology, through 219 interviews, composed of closedquestionnaires. They were carried out in the municipalities of Francisco Beltrao, Itapejara D’Oeste and Vere, in the state of Parana (PR); Concordia, in Santa Catarina (SC); Augusto Correa, Tome-Acu and Viseu, in Para (PA); Petrolina, in Pernambuco (PE); and in the municipalities of Uaua and Cruz das Almas, in Bahia (BA), a total of ten municipalities, in the five Brazilian states. This investigation aims to seek evidence on the social, economic and cultural relations that govern and influence the generational succession in rural establishments. The study made it possible to prove that almost half of family farmers have no guarantee of possible successors, as a significant part of them want other forms of monetary income, outside the establishments, including through emigration.

New occurrences of fossil Testudines of the Romualdo Formation, Aptian-Albian of the Araripe Basin, Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil

So far, there are at least 22 species of fossil turtles formally described for Brazil, with the Araripe Basin being the second largest in Mesozoic diversity with five species, losing only to the Bauru Group, with six species. The material presented here refers to three fossil turtles (DGEO-CTG-UFPE 8470, DGEO-CTG-UFPE 8471, DGEO-CTG-UFPE 8932) from Romualdo, an Albian Formation of the Araripe Basin (Cretaceous), collected in municipalities of Pernambuco (PE). The DGEO-CTG-UFPE 8470 specimen was identified as Araripemys barretoi Price, 1973, and DGEO-CTG-UFPE 8471 and DGEO-CTG-UFPE 8932 as Cearachelys placidoi Gaffney et al., 2001, the first occurrence of this taxon in the state of Pernambuco. DGEO-CTG-UFPE 8470 and DGEO-CTG-UFPE 8932 are the first Testudines described from the municipality of Exu, (PE).

Relief Position and Soil Properties under Continuous Banana Cropping in Subhumid Climate in Northeast Brazil

ABSTRACT Sequences of thick and eroded soils in hills surfaces are cultivated with banana since the beginning of the last century in the Northeast of Pernambuco (PE), Brazil. Measurements of soil properties depending on soil slope under intensive agricultural cultivation are limited mostly as the pedogenetic approach. This study aimed to identify the dominant soil types, to evaluate morphological, physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of soil profiles, and link them to the relief position under continuous banana cropping, in the [...]

Eleições 2016 nas fanpages dos jornais regionais: o Facebook como espaço de distribuição e visibilidade das notícias sobre a campanha eleitoral

Este artigo discute como as redes sociais digitais contribuem com o debate político-eleitoral. A pesquisa envolve duas vertentes teóricas, sendo uma relacionada à centralidade da cobertura eleitoral e a outra tratando das redes sociais como um espaço de distribuição e circulação de conteúdos jornalísticos. A partir disso, analisa-se o conteúdo publicado nas páginas do Facebook de nove jornais do Nordeste - O Estado do maranhão (MA), Meio Norte (PI), O Povo (CE), Tribuna do Norte (RN), A Tarde (BA), Jornal da Paraíba (PB), Diário de Pernambuco (PE), Gazeta de Alagoas (AL) e Jornal da Cidade (SE) – durante o período eleitoral de 2016. Com este recorte, o objetivo é identificar a visibilidade dada ao tema político-eleitoral, aos candidatos e aos subtemas de campanha. No total, foram categorizadas 9.993 postagens.

Traçando o Perfil de uma Amostra de Usuárias de Crack em Tratamento

Analisando os fatores sociodemográficos de uma amostra de usuárias de crack, esta pesquisa objetivou contribuir para o conhecimento de fatores propulsores de risco e de vulnerabilidade da saúde da população estudada. Participaram deste estudo 45 mulheres, com idade média de 29,11 anos (DP= 7,99), internas em Clínicas de Reabilitação (34) e Comunidades Terapêuticas (11) dos Estados da Paraíba e Pernambuco. Como instrumento, utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico, analisado por meio de estatística descritiva, com auxílio do software SPSS/PASW versão 21.0. Os resultados apontaram para um perfil de usuárias em sua maioria jovens, em idade reprodutiva e com experiências maternas, com baixo nível de escolaridade e fora do mercado formal de trabalho. Estes dados demonstram a necessidade de um maior investimento em termos de saúde e educação nesta faixa etária da população estudada, e a importância do aprimoramento das políticas públicas neste âmbito, a fim de reduzir os impactos biopsicossociais.

Publicidade, institucionalidade e formação publicitária

As reflexões apontadas neste artigo compreendem a primeira fase da pesquisa interinstitucional com a temática do ensino de criação publicitária e repercutem os trabalhos exercidos na Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing (RS), na Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (PE) e na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (RS). O objetivo principal nesta etapa foi explorar as práticas de ensino consideradas institucionalizadas, fundamentais para compreensão de determinadas características pedagógicas favoráveis ao senso de “inovação” nas dinâmicas do ensino ligado às matérias de criatividade. Em especial, consideram-se as proposições teóricas de Piaget, Edgar Morin e Vygotsky quanto aos processos de orientação, em que se coloca em perspectiva três dimensões específicas: interação, técnicas e condições de ambiência, igualmente tencionadas pelas projeções de Berger e Luckmann e outros textos dos pesquisadores colaboradores, que farão um estudo longitudinal abarcando todas as regiões do Brasil, com exceção da região Norte.