Permanent Maxillary Teeth Research Articles

Unusual bilaterally fused teeth in permanent dentition of a 9 -year old boy - A case report

The presence of bilateral fusion of teeth in permanent dentition is an unusual and rare condition. It is a developmental anomaly characterized by the union of two separate tooth germs during formation. The case of a 9 year old boy with fusion of permanent maxillary central incisors with associated bilateral disto-palatal rotation was examined.The fused maxillary incisors were treated conservatively using an aesthetic restorative material. The purpose of this report is to review the literature related to bilateral fused maxillary permanent teeth and its aesthetic treatment.Keywords: Bilateral fusion, fused teeth, maxillary incisors, treatment

Surgical Management of a Supplemental Permanent Maxillary Tooth with Mesiodens in a Non-Syndromic Patient: A Case Report

Supernumerary teeth or hyperdontia are terms describing an excess in tooth number It is an anomaly of developing dentition and has got multiple aetiologies Mesiodens is the most common supernumerary tooth occurring in the palatal midline region Supernumerary teeth which duplicate the anatomy of normal dentition are called supplemental teeth This paper reports a rare non syndromic case of a mesiodens associated with a unilateral supplemental maxillary tooth and emphasizes the importance of thorough oral and radiographic examination and diagnosis of supernumerary teeth

Travmaya Uğramış İmmatür Maksiler Daimi Ön Kesici Dişin Pulpa Revaskülarizasyonu: Bir Olgu Raporu

Travmaya Uğramış İmmatür Maksiler Daimi Ön Kesici Dişin Pulpa Revaskülarizasyonu: Bir Olgu Raporu

Eruption Pattern of Permanent Teeth in the Age Group of 5 to 15 Years of Udupi District of Karnataka

Introduction:Establishment of identity in the living and the dead individual carries tremendous medico-legal significance. Estimation of the age of an individual is an important step in establishing the identity of an individual. Identification may be complete or incomplete. Comparative techniques like anthropometry and prints involving foot, hand, nail, ear, lip, palate and fingers, superimposition technique, dental data and DNA fingerprinting help to identify an individual Materials and Methodology:Materials for the present study consisted of 1, 000 students from various schools, in the age group of 5 to 15 years belonging to Udupi district. Examination of the oral cavity was carried out. The tooth was recognized based on the morphological features. The eruption pattern of each tooth was noted in a proforma. The proof of age of the subjects were obtained from the school documents and birth certificates.Results:The sequence of eruption pattern of permanent teeth was similar in boys and girls. The mean ages for eruption in boys for first molar were 6.85 years, followed by the central incisor at 8.14 years whereas in girls it was 6.94 years, and 7.86 years, respectively. All the maxillary permanent teeth in both genders erupted first in the left quadrant, followed by the right quadrant, except the second premolar (boys) and second molar (girls), which erupted first in the right quadrant. All the mandibular permanent teeth in both genders erupted first in the left quadrant, followed by the right quadrant.

Retrospective evaluation of healing of periapical lesions after unintentional extrusion of mineral trioxide aggregate.

During the apexification procedure for teeth with open apices, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) may be unintentionally extruded. The aim of the present study was the retrospective evaluation of the healing of periapical lesions in permanent incisor teeth with open apices after the unintentional extrusion of MTA. The clinical and radiographic records of 55 maxillary permanent central teeth treated by MTA apexification were evaluated. Filled teeth with unintentionally extruded MTA were selected as group 1 (n = 21), whereas the teeth with no MTA extrusion were selected as group 2 (n = 34). For each tooth, the clinical and radiographic records from a 3-year follow-up were investigated. Complete healing (CH) was observed in 19 teeth (90.4%) in group 1, whereas the same type of healing was observed in all 34 teeth (100%) in group 2 (p>0.05). At the 6-month follow-up appointment, 25 teeth (73.5%) showed CH in group 2, whereas 15 teeth (71.4%) showed CH at the 1-year follow-up in group 1 (p<0.001). At the end of the 3-year follow-up period, the amount of MTA extrusion was reduced in 17 teeth (85%) (p<0.05), whereas it was almost absent in 2 teeth (10%). The unintentional extrusion of MTA does not prevent the healing of periapical lesions, but may be a delaying factor for periapical healing.

Root surface areas of maxillary permanent teeth in anterior normal overbite and anterior open bite assessed using cone-beam computed tomography

PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare the root surface areas of the maxillary permanent teeth in Thai patients exhibiting anterior normal overbite and in those exhibiting anterior open bite, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and MethodsCBCT images of maxillary permanent teeth from 15 patients with anterior normal overbite and 18 patients with anterior open bite were selected. Three-dimensional tooth models were constructed using Mimics Research version 17.0. The cementoenamel junction was marked manually. The root surface area was calculated automatically by 3-Matic Research version 9.0. The root surface areas of each tooth type from both types of bite were compared using the independent t-test (P<.05). The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess intraobserver reliability.ResultsThe mean root surface areas of the maxillary central and lateral incisors in individuals with anterior open bite were significantly less than those in those with normal bite. The mean root surface area of the maxillary second premolar in individuals with anterior open bite was significantly greater than in those with normal bite.ConclusionAnterior open-bite malocclusion might affect the root surface area, so orthodontic force magnitudes should be carefully determined.

Time of Emergence of Permanent Teeth and Impact of Nutritional Status among 4-15 Years Old Children and Teenagers in Basrah City /Iraq

Background: The timing of eruption of permanent teeth is of considerable importance to the dental health planning for diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic measures for children and teenagers. The purposes of this study were to determine timing of maxillary and mandibular permanent teeth emergence (except third molars) and to evaluate the effect nutritional status by anthropometric measures on the eruption time of permanent teeth, investigations had been done according to jaw and gender variations. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted among four to fifteen years old children and teenagers from kindergarten and schools in Basrah city in the south region of Iraq. The total sample composed of 1807 children and teenagers that were collected randomly from kindergartens, primary and secondary schools in Basrah city. The data were statistically analyzed by using probit model in order to compute the median 5th and 95th percentile range of emergence. Athropmetric measures of height and weight were used for the purpose of assessment of nutritional status. The indices include: Weight for age, Height for age and Weight for height; each was considered as in term of standard deviation score (Z – score) as primary indicator of underweight, stunting and wasting respectively. The statistical significance of differences in mean of a normally distributed variable (nutritional indices z score) between 2 groups was assessed by independent samples t-test. Results: The results showed significant differences (p<0.05) between the timing of maxillary and mandibular teeth emergence in girls and boys, with earlier emergence in girls , also the mandibular teeth emerge before their maxillary opposing teeth in both sexes except for premolars . The prevalence of malnutrition according to height for age, weight for age, and weight for height nutritional status indicators were found to be 7.4 %, 3.7 % and 1.5% respectively. The results showed that among well-nourished children and teenagers described by height for age nutritional status indicator, most teeth were significantly erupted earlier than stunted except the lateral incisor which erupted earlier in stunted boys than well-nourished boys but the difference was not significantly accepted. The greatest difference of median eruption age of permanent teeth between well -nourished and stunted found in girls in the second molar tooth. Conclusions: Records indicated that the Iraqi children exhibit variation in their times of permanent teeth emergence when compared with other studies, and among well-nourished children and teenaged described by height for age nutritional status indicator, most teeth were significantly erupted earlier than stunted children and teenagers.

Orthodontic Management with Traction and Asymmetric Extraction for Multiple Impacted Permanent Maxillary Teeth - A Case Report.

Multiple impacted teeth are a rare eruption disturbance that increases the case complexity. In this article, we described a 13-year-old boy whose 5 permanent maxillary teeth were not erupted although their root formation was complete. The orthodontic treatment with traction and asymmetric extraction was performed to achieve a significantly improved functional and esthetic result.

Evaluation of Remaining Dentin Thickness (RDT) Following Tooth Preparation for All Ceramic Crowns - An in Vitro Study.

Statement of the problem: Enormous tooth substance is removed to receive all ceramic restorations which in turn affects the vitality of the tooth. Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study is to measure the remaining dentin thichness (RDT) following tooth reduction for all ceramic crowns in freshly extracted premolars and to correlate RDT to Pulpal response. Materials and Methods: 45 freshly extracted human permanent maxillary first premolar teeth, scheduled to be removed for orthodontic purpose were selected from patients ranging from 16 to 30 years of age. The Samples were grouped by Three axial surfaces (Mesio Buccal (MB),Buccal (B) and and Disto-Buccal (DB) Axial Surfaces) , Three Age Groups (G1- 15 to 20, G2 – 21 to 25 , and G3 – 26 to 30) and finally by sex . Tooth preparation was done following standard guidelines for metal free restorations ( 1.2mm radial shoulder and as minimal taper clinically possible) by a single operator. RDT was measured in the three axial surfaces (Buccal, Mesio Buccal and Disto Buccal ) using a Stereomicroscope and Image Analysis Software. The results were statistically analyzed using f – test ( one way anova). Among the three surfaces Disto buccal showed the least RDT least RDT ( 0.97mm) followed by mesio-buccal (1.55mm) and buccal surface( 2.11mm). P<0.001.

A Comparative Evaluation of Apical Seal Associated with Ultrasonic Retrograde Cavities Filled with Bioactive Material (In Vitro Study)

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the apical microleakage around retrograde cavities prepared with ultrasonic technique and filled with (Biodentine™) Materials and methods: 40 extracted single rooted human permanent maxillary teeth with mature apices were selected. The roots were prepared chemo-mechanically using k-files with crown-down technique and then obturated with lateral condensation gutta-percha technique. Teeth were divided into four main groups according to the cavity preparation method either manual or ultrasonic technique: Group A (n=10): A class I retrograde cavity at root end was prepared with traditional handpeice equipped and placement of Biodentine with manual condensation. Group B (n=10): A class I retrograde cavity at root end was prepared with Piezoelectric ultrasonic device equipped with ultrasonic tip with only manual compaction of the material. Group C (n=10): traditional handpeice and placement of Biodentine using both manual compaction and 5 second ultrasonic activation. Group D (n=10): Piezoelectric ultrasonic device and placement of Biodentine with both manual compaction and 5 second ultrasonic compaction. The teeth were immersed in 1% aqueous Methylene blue dye for 72 hr. Then they were sectioned longitudinally with a diamond disc and the depth of dye penetration was examined under high magnification 20X. Results: Statistical analysis showed a highly significant difference in microleakage among the tested groups in which Piezoelectric technique has proved superiority in retrograde cavity preparation and compaction of Biodentin when dye penetration scores were compared. So microleakage was highest with cavities prepared with handpeice and manual application of retrograde material group A (2.73±0.39) followed by microprepared cavities group C (1.86±0.16), and it was lowest with ultrasonically-prepared cavities group B (1.09±0.28) and group D (0.26±0.19). Conclusion: ultrasonic preparation produced significantly less microleakage than conventional method. Also less microleakage was observed with ultrasonic compaction of Biodentin when compared with conventional method of compaction.

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study Of Crown Dilaceration With a Talon Cusp in an Unerupted Permanent Maxillary Tooth

This article describes a rare case of crown dilaceration with a talon cusp in an unerupted permanent maxillary central incisor. Our patient was a 7-year-old boy with a history of trauma to his primary maxillary teeth (#51 and 52), at 3 years of age complaining of failure of eruption of tooth #11. Periapical radiography showed incomplete formation of tooth root #11 and more superior position of tooth bud #11 relative to tooth bud #12. A cone-beam computed tomography was ordered, which revealed crown dilaceration with a talon cusp in tooth bud #11. The patient was scheduled for follow-up at 6 months.

Unilateral taurodontism in permanent maxillary tooth with hypodontia in lower premolar

Dental anomalies are formative defects caused by genetic disturbances during tooth morphogenesis.Taurodontism is one such anomaly. Taurodontism can be defined as as “a tendency for the body of the tooth to enlarge at the expense of the roots.” Whereas Witkop defined it as “teeth with large pulp chambers in which the bifurcation or trifurcation is displaced apically and hence that the chamber has greater apico-occlusal height than in cynodont teeth and lacks the constriction at the level of cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). The distance from the trifurcation or bifurcation of the root to the CEJ is greater than the occluso-cervical distance.

Türk Populasyonunda 2. ve 3. Molar Dişlerin Maturasyonları ve 2. Molarların Maturasyonu ile 3. Molarların Konjenital Eksikliği Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi

Objectives: To assess the maturation stages of permanent maxillary and mandibular 2nd and 3rd molar teeth according to age and establish any relation of congenital absence of 3rd molar regarding maturation stages of 2nd molars. Material and Methods: Digital panoramic radiographs present in the archive of the radiology department taken from 1070 patients (678 females, 392 males; age range 4-20 years) were evaluated. The maturation stages of the teeth were assessed according to the Demirjians method (a-h stages). In addition, ?no follicle? and ?follicle? stages were also evaluated. Symmetry in maturation between teeth on the left and right quadrant was also evaluated. Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and probability values were used for statistical analysis. Results: All maxillary and mandibular molar teeth of males reached to the h stage earlier than females (p<0.05). Maxillary and mandibular 2nd molars showed symmetric maturation among females and males (p>0.05). Contrary, maxillary and mandibular 3rd molars in males and maxillary 3rd molars in females did not show symmetric maturation (p<0.05). The probability of 3rd molar absence was too high in cases when the maxillary and mandibular 2nd molar teeth reached to the f stage and the follicle 3rd molar is absent among females and males. Conclusion: All 2nd and 3rd molar teeth of males completed their maturation earlier than females. These reference values for maturity of 2nd and 3rd molar teeth could be useful in age determination and the evaluation for congenital agenesis of 3rd molars.

Rare presentation of accessory tubercles on permanent maxillary second molar

Tooth malformations may be related to heredity or injury during formation. Such morphological abnormalities may be found in the crown either in the form of anomalous cusps or in an increased number of roots, which in some cases are associated with an anomalous cusp. Cone-like enlargements on the buccal cusp of maxillary molar is one such anomaly. This case presents the anatomical and morphological characteristics of a rare case of three lobulated tubercles on the buccal surface of permanent maxillary right second molar tooth.

Palatal talon's cusp of a permanent maxillary lateral incisor: A case report

Talon's cusp is a relatively rare dental developmental anomaly characterized by the presence of an accessory cusp-like structure projecting from the cingulum area or cemento-enamel junction. This anomaly occurs as a result of disturbances during the morphodifferentiation stage of tooth development. It mainly occurs in either maxillary or mandibular anterior teeth in both the primary and permanent dentition. Here, we report a case of talon's cusp on a permanent maxillary lateral incisor tooth.

Evaginated odontome on maxillary lateral incisor and #8212;a reverse and a rare presentation

Evaginated odontome or talon cusp is an uncommon dental anomaly with accessory cusp-like projection arising from the cingulum area of the maxillary or mandibular anterior teeth. This anomalous cusp resembles an eagle's talon and hence the name. It occurs in both the primary and the permanent dentition. The presence of talon cusp on the lingual surfaces of primary permanent teeth is considered to be pathognomic, but the case reported here is an unusual case which is present in the facial aspect in a female patient. As per the existing literature only seven case reports of facial talon in permanent maxillary teeth have been reported.

A rare dentigerous cyst of maxillary central incisor associated with multiple impacted teeth: Case report and review of literature

We report a case of a 15-year-old male who presented with a chief complaint of swelling in the maxillary anterior region of the jaw since 5 years. Patient gave a history of trauma to the same region 7 years back. On examination, a large intraoral swelling with multiple missing permanent teeth was noted. On radiographic examination, a large corticated radiolucency surrounding the maxillary left central and lateral incisors and canine was seen in the anterior maxilla. Surgical enucleation was carried out and histopathologic examination confirmed diagnosis of an infected dentigerous cyst. The present case report is unique as the cyst enclosed the three permanent maxillary teeth: Central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine.

Walking the Age Trail on Cemental Lines-A Bright Light and Polarising Microscopic Study

Estimation of age using teeth is a proven and useful tool given an important consideration in the anthropology as well as forensic science. Among the various hard tissues, cementum is the most useful substance to evaluate the age of adult teeth. Thus this study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of tooth cementum annulations method using cross sections of the teeth under bright light and polarised light microscopy and compare the age estimated using the tooth centum annulations method to the actual age of the individual. Material and method: Twenty freshly extracted permanent maxillary and mandibular teeth were collected from department of oral and maxillofacial surgery including the age of the patient, date of extraction of the tooth, sex, type and place of the tooth in the dentition. Then the ground sections were prepared and microscopic analysis was done. Results: The average difference in the estimated age and the actual age in cross sections of the teeth is 2-2.5 years and in transverse sections of the teeth is 3.5-4 years. A deviation of 5 or more than 5 years was observed in a cross-sectional case and three transverse-sectional cases. Conclusion: In our study, we substantiate that age analysis can be performed by both bright field and polarising microscopy which provides similar accuracy. The choice of the method should be driven by the feasibility and ease to conduct them rather than the accuracy needed by these methods.

Sexual dimorphism in permanent maxillary and mandibular canines and intermolar arch width: Endemic study

Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dimorphism of permanent mandibular and maxillary canine teeth as well as intercanine and intermolar distance plays a role in establishing sex identity. Materials and Methods: Four hundred volunteers comprising 200 males and 200 females, with age ranging from 18 to 50 years, were selected. The greatest mesiodistal width of the canine teeth and the distance between the tips of canines of both arches and intermolar arch width were measured using vernier caliper with 0.02 mm resolution. All data were tabulated and analysis done by t test. Results: The widths of the mandibular and maxillary right and left canine teeth were almost bilaterally symmetrical in females and males. The mean values for left and right mandibular and maxillary canine widths were less in females than in males and the differences were statistically significant. The mean values for mandibular and maxillary intercanine and intermolar distances were less in females than in males and the differences were statistically significant (P

Reliability of single panoramic radiograph with vertical and horizontal parallax; and intraoral periapical radiograph with Clark′s rule compared to computed tomography/surgical exposure in localization of impacted permanent maxillary canine

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate an accurate, inexpensive and low-radiation conventional radiograph suitable for localization of impacted maxillary permanent canine. Materials and Methods: The study comprised 38 subjects in the age group of 13-50 years of both the genders with 50 impacted canines. Panoramic radiographs (OPGs) (on which Chaushu et al. criteria was applied) and intraoral periapical radiographs (IOPARs) (on which Clark's rule was applied) of the subjects were made and the accuracy of the above two radiographic techniques were compared with computed tomography (CT) axial sections or with surgical exposure, which was considered as the standard guide for localization of impacted maxillary permanent canine. The data obtained was tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using the statistical package for SAS software. Results: Localization of impacted maxillary permanent canine tooth done with SLOB (Same Lingual Opposite Buccal)/Clark's rule technique could predict the bucco-palatal canine impactions in 98% of cases. OPG using differential magnification index could predict location only in 68% of bucco-palatal canine impactions and in 72% based on vertical position. Conclusion: In 68% of cases the bucco-lingual position of the canine in OPG (by magnification index) coincided with the location as per CT/surgical exposure. In 98% of cases localization with SLOB technique coincided with CT/surgical exposure. 72% of cases showed coincidence with vertical position of the canine on OPG with CT/surgical exposure. IOPARs taken with SLOB technique are more accurate than OPGs for localization of impacted permanent maxillary canine teeth.