Permanent Maxillary Lateral Incisor Research Articles

Comparative evaluation of coronal discoloration induced by two triple antibiotic revascularization protocols when used at varying depths of temporary sealing material at the end of varying time periods.

Aim:The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the coronal discoloration induced by two Triple antibiotic paste (TAP 1 and 2), when used with varying depths of 2 and 4 mm of temporary sealing materials at the end of 0, 3, and 6 weeks.Objectives:(1) To evaluate coronal discoloration induced by TAP-1 when the depth of the temporary restorative material is 2 mm below cementoenamel junction at the end of 0, 3, and 6 weeks.Materials and Methods:Forty extracted permanent maxillary central and lateral incisors or single-rooted tooth were collected and chosen for the study. They were then divided into two groups and each group was then subdivided into two subgroups.Results:Both the triple antibiotic paste showed discoloration but it reduced with increase in thickness of temporary cement.Conclusion:TAP 1 and TAP 2 both showed an increase in discoloration, greater discoloration was seen with TAP, containing minocycline. There was a steady change in the discoloration from 0 to 6th week. In both the groups, TAP 1 and TAP 2, there was a reduction in discoloration with increase thickness of the temporary restorative material.

Occurrence of Dens in Dente in Permanent Maxillary Lateral Incisors: A Case Report with Literature Review

Occurrence of Dens in Dente in Permanent Maxillary Lateral Incisors: A Case Report with Literature Review

Canines substitution for congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors– An interdisciplinary case report

Orthodontic treatment for patients with unilateral or bilateral congenitally missing lateral incisors is a challenge. Comprehensive treatment planning is required to achieve a satisfactory result, keeping in mind the aesthetics, function and periodontal stability. An interdisciplinary treatment approach is beneficial and involves orthodontic closure of the space with maxillary canine substitution or space opening for single-tooth implants, bridges and tooth-supported restorations. This case report presents a 18 year old male patient with Class II Division 1 malocclusion who reported with an over-retained maxillary deciduous left lateral incisor, missing permanent maxillary lateral incisors bilaterally, generalized upper anterior spacing and bilateral end-on molar relation with increased overjet and overbite. The patient was treated by extraction of deciduous lateral incisor in the maxillary arch and second premolars in the mandibular arch. Congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors were substituted with canines bilaterally and the maxillary premolars were substituted as canines with an interdisciplinary approach. A remarkable improvement in the facial profile, smile esthetics and a favourable functional Class I occlusion with normal overjet and overbite was achieved. Keywords: Congenitally missing teeth, Canine substitution, Esthetic re-contouring

Management of Class I Type 3 malocclusion using simple removable appliances

According to Dewey's modification of angle's malocclusion, Class I Type 3 malocclusion is the Class I malocclusion with anterior crossbite. This case report illustrates the treatment of the 13-year-old patient, with a crossbite of the maxillary right permanent central and lateral incisors. Two upper acrylic removable appliances, each with an expansion jackscrew, were used to correct the crossbite. The total active treatment time was 6 months, and the treatment outcome was successfully maintained for the subsequent 6 months. General and pediatric dentists, as well as orthodontists, may find this technique useful in managing crossbite cases of the permanent dentition by the removable appliance and utilizing the discussion and illustrations for further clinical guidance.

A rare co-occurrence of facial talon's cusp on fused maxillary permanent central and lateral incisor

Fusion is a developmental anomaly of dental hard tissues characterised by the union of two adjacent teeth. It can be complete or incomplete and commonly seen in deciduous than in the permanent dentition with higher frequency in anterior maxillary regions. Talon’s cusp is an unusual cuspal projection from the lingual aspect of the tooth with normal enamel and dentin and varying degree of pulp tissue. It commonly affects the permanent maxillary lateral incisors followed by central incisors and canines. Talon cusp is mostly found on the lingual aspect of teeth and rarely it projects from the facial aspect. We hereby report a case of fusion of permanent left central and lateral incisor with facial talon cusp which is rarely reported.

Mesiodens surgery at deciduous and permanent dentition

Introduction and Objective: To report a rare case of a patient who presented two mesiodens and the treatment performed at two moments. Case report: A 7 year-old male patient reported a supernumerary tooth extracted at age 4. The dental clinical exam revealed giroversion of permanent maxillary right central incisor. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBTC) revealed a presence of a mesiodens located at the buccal surface mesially to the permanent maxillary left central incisor and also indicated that the mesiodens was located close tothe f loor of the nasal cavity. The surgery was performed with a conservative intervention and osteotomy by preserving the adjacent structure. The one-year following-up post-operative x-ray indicated new bone deposition and a more favorable eruption position of the right permanent maxillary lateral incisor. Conclusion: It can be concluded that an early diagnosis by CBTC allowed an adequate treatment planning, which avoid the formation of cysts and a prolonged retention of permanent tooth.

Collaborative endodontic and surgical management of a type II dens invaginatus: One year follow-up

This case report illustrates type II dens invaginatus (DI) and analyzes the possible aspects of this defect. Dens invaginatus is a developmental anomaly of teeth that commonly affects permanent maxillary lateral incisors. This case report focuses on the non-surgical and surgical management of right maxillary lateral incisor associated with type II DI. Pulpal involvement of malformed tooth, bizarre in root canal anatomy, periapical pathosis and severe periodontal destruction were noticed. Endodontic therapy with combined obturation techniques, surgical

Prevalence of an unusual hypoplastic defect of the permanent maxillary lateral incisor in great apes.

In this article, I describe a previously unreported maxillary lateral incisor defect (MLID) of the enamel in great apes and evaluate potential general causes (genetic, systemic stress, or localized disturbance), as well as examine differences in prevalence among the represented taxa. This defect occurred only on the labial surface of the maxillary lateral incisor and extended from the cervical-mesial quarter of the crown to the mesial edge of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The study sample consisted of 136 great ape specimens, including 41 gorillas, 25 chimpanzees, and 70 orangutans from the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History great ape collection. I used logistic regression to assess the prevalence of this defect in the sample and a binomial probability test for bilaterality. This defect of the maxillary lateral incisor is the second most common defect I observed in the study sample (30.1% of individuals affected), and was more likely to occur in individuals with linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) and pit defects than those without these defects. Among specimens with both maxillary lateral incisors present, the defect was mostly bilateral. Pan and Pongo were significantly more likely to exhibit the defect than Gorilla. Between Pongo species, Pongo pygmaeus was significantly more likely to exhibit the defect than Pongo abelii. Between subspecies of Gorilla, although Gorilla gorilla gorilla exhibited the defect and Gorilla gorilla beringei did not, the difference was not significant. No sex differences were evident in this sample. The prevalence of this defect indicates it is not hereditary. The bilateral trend indicates a systemic cause, although the high inter-tooth specificity suggests a local disturbance and a combination of both is possible.

Great expectations of patients with missing lateral incisors: when are space opening and space closure appropriate?

On average, 2% of the UK population have agenesis of the permanent maxillary lateral incisors. Reopening the space for restorative replacement or closing the space and subsequent reshaping of the canine depends on a number of factors. Among these are the aesthetics of the canines, level of the smile line, gingival architecture and occlusion. Joint orthodontic and restorative planning to determine the appropriateness of space opening or space closing, with a discussion of these in context with the expectations of the patient/parent, is important before commencing treatment. Despite advances in materials and techniques within both restorative and orthodontic specialties resulting in improvements in the aesthetic outcomes of hypodontia cases, the management of patient/parent expectations is key to overall success. This paper details the contemporary restorative–orthodontic treatment options for the management of missing lateral incisors, the orthodontic biomechanics and restorative approaches involved in treatment.

A multidisciplinary treatment approach of complete transposition of impacted maxillary left canine with maxillary first premolar in presence of bilateral congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors

The maxillary permanent canine is the tooth most frequently involved, which is often transposed with the first premolar followed by transposition between the maxillary permanent canine and maxillary lateral incisor. This study describes the correction of complete transposition of the maxillary left first premolar with impacted permanent maxillary left canine and congenital missing maxillary lateral incisor. The current case report describes a multidisciplinary approach for the alignment of impacted and transposed teeth with surgical exposure of impacted maxillary canine and restorative treatment of transposed maxillary left first premolar. The satisfactory results were achieved with maximum three-dimensional control of tooth movement and without any iatrogenic damage.

Management of traumatically intruded permanent maxillary lateral incisor - Case report and review of literature

Primary etiologic factors of trauma in the permanent dentition are bicycle accidents, sports accidents, falls, and fights. From the standpoint of therapy, anatomy, and prognosis, five different types of luxation lesions are recognized: Concussion, subluxation, extrusive luxation, lateral luxation, and intrusive luxation. Intrusive luxation is apical displacement of tooth into the alveolar bone. The tooth is driven into the socket, compressing the periodontal ligament, and commonly causes a crushing fracture of the alveolar socket. It is considered one of the most severe luxation injuries to affect permanent teeth. Intrusion injuries are often associated with severe damage to the tooth, periodontium, and pulpal tissue. The rare occurrence of this injury, 0.3–1.9% in the permanent dentition, has resulted in limited studies to support suggested treatment regimens. Clinical treatment for intrusion is especially difficult because of the severe complications accompanying it. These complications include pulp necrosis or obliteration, inflammatory root resorption, ankylosis, replacement root resorption, and loss of marginal bone support. Hence, the aim of presenting this case report of intrusive luxation is to highlight the importance of prompt care and root canal dressing and discuss the several treatments proposed to reposition the intruded teeth.

Management of developmental anomalies in maxillary lateral incisors: A case series

Talons cusp and palate-radicular groove are commonly occurring developmental anomalies in permanent maxillary lateral incisors. These anomalies present with various esthetic and functional complications that require prophylactic and definitive treatment plans. It is essential to have a thorough knowledge of these anomalies for their correct diagnosis and successful management. This case series presents etiology and various treatment modalities for the management of these commonly occurring developmental anomalies in the maxillary lateral incisors.

Palatal talon's cusp of a permanent maxillary lateral incisor: A case report

Talon's cusp is a relatively rare dental developmental anomaly characterized by the presence of an accessory cusp-like structure projecting from the cingulum area or cemento-enamel junction. This anomaly occurs as a result of disturbances during the morphodifferentiation stage of tooth development. It mainly occurs in either maxillary or mandibular anterior teeth in both the primary and permanent dentition. Here, we report a case of talon's cusp on a permanent maxillary lateral incisor tooth.

Management of Oehler's Type III Dens Invaginatus Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography.

Dens Invaginatus is a dental malformation that poses diagnostic difficulties in the clinical context. This anomaly may increase the risk of pulp disease and can potentially complicate endodontic procedure due to the aberrant root canal anatomy. Compared to conventional radiographs, three-dimensional images obtained with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) are invaluable in the diagnosis of the extent of this anomaly and in the appropriate treatment planning. Oehler's classification (1957) for Dens Invaginatus (DI) into three types depending on the depth of the invagination has been used for treatment planning. Of the three types Type III DI is characterized by infolding of the enamel into the tooth up to the root apex and is considered as the most severe variant of DI and hence the most challenging to treat endodontically, due to the morphological complexities. This report describes a case of Oehler's Type III DI in a necrotic permanent maxillary lateral incisor in which CBCT images played a key role in diagnosis and treatment planning. The case was managed successfully by a combination of nonsurgical and surgical endodontic therapy with orthograde and retrograde thermoplastic gutta percha obturation.

Fatores preditores da inclusão do canino maxilar permanente

ObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to evaluate whether impaction of the maxillary permanent canine (IMPC) can be predicted by factors such as sex, class of malocclusion, facial biotype, microdontia/peg‐shaped maxillary permanent lateral incisor or congenital missing maxillary permanent lateral incisor. MethodsThe initial study sample consisted of 95 children with 9 years old, which were selected from the clinic of the Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto in the period between 2008 and 2010. In April 2014, all participants were asked to return for clinical examination. Agreed to participate in the study 51 children, now with the chronological age of 13‐14 years. In the intraoral exam at 2014, the eruption of 13 and 23 was checked. Statistical analyses were performed with the IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 statistical package. The statistical methods for the associations between each variable and IMPC included chi‐square tests.P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. ResultsThere was no statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between the studied predictive factors and the eruption of the maxillary permanent canine. Further investigations with large samples should be performed in order to increase our knowledge in this field. ConclusionNo statistically significant differences were found between the predictive variables analyzed and the impaction of the maxillary permanent canine.

Hypo-hyperdontia: a case report

The occurrence of hypodontia (absence of teeth) and hyperdontia (presence of supernumerary teeth) in the same patient is a rarely seen condition in dental practice. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment are very important when addressing this abnormality in the mixed dentition. The approach will depend on the severity of the case and the timing of diagnosis. This paper reports the case of an 11-year-old patient with absence of the permanent maxillary lateral incisors and the mandibular second premolars, with concomitant presence of a supernumerary tooth in the region of the right mandibular lateral incisor. Based on physical and radiographic examination findings, a diagnosis of hypo-hyperdontia was made. The diagnostic and therapeutic management of the case is discussed. The treatment adopted was surgical removal of the supernumerary teeth and esthetic restoration to transform the permanent mandibular canines into lateral incisors.

Root Resorption a 6-Year Follow-up Case Report.

This paper describes the clinical course of a pediatric patient developing cervical external root resorption (CERR). An 11-year old male patient had sustained dental trauma and was diagnosed with crown fracture affecting the incisal and middle thirds of the maxillary right permanent central incisor and the maxillary right permanent lateral incisor with pulp exposure and CERR after 24 months. Diagnosis and treatment of CERR are a challenge for dental practitioners. In this case, preservation of natural dentition is shown as a successful treatment in a 6-year follow-up.

Compound odontoma causing impaction of permanent maxillary incisors with associated ghost cell keratinization: A case report

Many times compound odontomas are found associated with unerupted teeth. The canines, followed by maxillary central incisors and third molars are the major teeth which are impacted by odontomas. Herewith, this paper reports a case of compound odontoma associated with impacted permanent right maxillary central and lateral incisors. An 11-year-old girl reported with a chief complaint of retained primary tooth. Intraoral examination revealed that primary maxillary right central and lateral incisors were retained while permanent maxillary left central and lateral incisors were erupted and well accommodated. A non-specific swelling was there on labial aspect of 51 and 52 tooth region, which was measuring about 0.5 cm × 1 cm, enlarging mesiodistally from distal of permanent left central incisor tooth to distal aspect of over retained right primary lateral incisor. Digital orthopantomograph showed calcified masses in the form of toothlike structures present above the root apex and distal aspect of 51 and 52, causing root resorption. On the source of the past, clinical and radiographic assessment a final opinion of compound odontoma was made.

Multidisciplinary Management of Complicated Crown-Root Fracture of an Anterior Tooth Undergoing Apexification.

The purpose of this case report was to present the multidisciplinary management of a subgingival crown-root fracture of a patient undergoing apexification treatment. A 12-year-old male patient was referred to the pediatric dentistry clinic with an extensive tooth fracture of the right permanent maxillary lateral incisor. Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed the presence of a complicated crown-root fracture, which had elongated to the buccal subgingival area. The dental history disclosed that the apexification procedure had been started to be performed after his first trauma experience and he had neglected his appointment. The coronal fragment was gently extracted; endodontic treatment was performed; flap surgery was performed to make the fracture line visible. The coronal fragment was reattached to the root fragment with a dual-cure luting composite. A fiber post was stabilized and the access cavity of the tooth was restored with composite resin. At the end of the 24th month, the tooth was asymptomatic, functionally, esthetically acceptable and had no periapical pathology. It is important for the patients undergoing apexification treatment to keep their appointments because of the fracture risk. Restoration of the fractured tooth by preparing retention grooves and a bonding fiber-reinforced post are effective and necessary approaches for successful management.

Management of an intruded tooth and adjacent tooth showing external resorption as a late complication of dental injury: three-year follow-up.

Treatment and prognosis of intrusive luxation can vary depending on the age of the patient, type of dentition, stage of root development, and time and severity of the trauma. Some studies have demonstrated that intrusions of up to 3.0 mm have an excellent prognosis, whereas teeth with severe intrusion or teeth that are intruded more than 6.0 mm present an unfavorable prognosis because of the occurrence of inflammatory resorption and pulp necrosis. The aim of this case report is to present an 11-year-old male patient with complete intrusion of the permanent maxillary left lateral incisor, associated with the adjacent central tooth presenting external resorption, treated by immediate surgical repositioning and root canal treatment with a favorable prognosis. After long-term (3-year) clinical and radiographic follow-up, the teeth appeared normal and the patient was pleased with the outcome.