Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Research Articles

Design and FEA analysis of hub based dual rotor machine for optimal energy generation in four wheeled electric vehicle application

This research article focuses on the design and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) analysis of a hub-based Dual Rotor Machine (DRM). Conventional, electric machines can perform either motoring or generating operations at an instant of time for electric vehicle (EV) applications. However, the proposed DRM can perform both motoring and generating modes of operation simultaneously. For this dual operation, a power rating of 15 kW Brushless DC Machine is selected with outer rotor configuration to achieve high starting torque in motoring operation and a power rating of 6 kW Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine is considered for generating operation with an inner rotor. Based on theoretical results, the design of DRM is developed and analysed using FEA software programs such as MagNet, Jmag and ThermNet. By using a two-dimensional (2-D) transient solver, the proposed DRM performance is simulated and validated with cogging torque, electromagnetic, thermal and stress analysis. The performance of the proposed DRM model is also tested with drive cycle data of WLTP-II (Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure) in ANSYS Motor-CAD software. The simulation results confirm the proposed DRM can consume only 252 Wh over 405 Wh energy consumed by a single rotor machine and ensuring its applicability for EV applications.

The Financial Aspects behind Designing a Wind Turbine Generator

This article investigates the construction of a wind power generator requiring the lowest possible cost. The proposed model is an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) Synchronous Machine, which contains two iron rotors and a coreless stator between them, constructed from resin. The scientific contribution relates to the coupling of economic and technical parameters, which will clarify the feasibility, i.e., a wind turbine construction capable of producing approximately 3.5 KW, using a simple mill and a generator of nominal rotor speed 100 rpm. Such studies are few in international literature and mainly concern low levels of rotor speed in relation to the produced output power. For the generator dimensioning, analytical equations are used, while the type and the dimensions of the magnets are determined, before the start of dimensioning. The authors carried out research in the international market, ending up with specific cost-effective magnets, while trying to adjust the remaining dimensions and materials of the machine based on these cost-effective magnets and the aforementioned nominal values of the generator. The machine, whose dimensions are derived by analytical equations, was simulated and analyzed using the Two-Dimensional Finite Element Method (2D-FEM) and the Three-Dimensional Finite Element Method (3D-FEM), for comparison purposes. Moreover, an economic analysis of the generator and its individual parts was conducted. Finally, a novel idea for reducing the total generator cost is proposed, by replacing the rotor disks with rings. The investigation revealed that analytical equations can predict with satisfactory accuracy the generator’s parameters. In addition, as permanent magnets are the most expensive materials in the construction, their predetermination using low-cost magnets can reduce the construction cost. Finally, the proposed concept of a ring-shaped rotor instead of a disk rotor, provides a cost reduction of up to 20%.

Thermal analysis and temperature evaluation on a magnetic‐geared dual‐rotor machine

AbstractThe thermal performance of the magnetic‐geared dual‐rotor machine (MGDRM) is investigated. Because the effective component in the outer airgap magnetic field harmonics is low, the torque production of MGDRM cannot match the regular permanent magnetic synchronous machine (PMSM). Although the analysis shows that the torque generation of the MGDRM is weak, this conclusion is limited in the electromagnetic field. The MGDRM outer rotor should also be considered from the thermal aspect, and the effect on the torque generation should be valued in particular. The outer rotor thermal buffer effect blocks the heating flow from the winding to the inner rotor magnets. Thus, the MGDRM can withstand a heavy electrical load in a short period, producing higher torque. With this understanding, the torque production ability of the MGDRM can extend to a higher level, even close to the regular PMSM. To validate the analysis, a MGDRM machine is prototyped, and the dual‐rotor temperature information acquisition is realised by a wireless data collection. The rotor temperature estimation technology on the dual‐rotor is then investigated as an auxiliary function. The estimation error can be limited around 5°C, which is good for warning the thermal risk. And thus the MGDRM overheating can be safely adopted to extend the torque generation.

Analysis and research on short-circuit current characteristics and grid access faults of wind farms with multi-type fans

As the grid-connected capacity of a large number of wind farms continues to increase, their short-circuit current will have a great impact on protection. Therefore, accurate short-circuit current calculation is beneficial for correct protection action evaluation. Considering the issues related to the diversity of wind turbine types in wind farms and the inability to accurately simulate the failure transient process in previous studies, this research focuses on investigating the impact of control strategies during faults on the transient process of wind turbines. In this paper, the single-machine equivalent model of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) and permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is established by considering the types of wind turbines, and the calculation method of short-circuit current of hybrid wind farms is further proposed by using the classification aggregation equivalent effect method. The accuracy of short-circuit current calculation proposed in this article was verified on RTDS, and a power grid fault analysis method suitable for wind farm connection was proposed based on the characteristics of equivalent circuits of DFIG and PMSM during fault steady-state.

Variable Speed Drive Modelling of Wind Turbine Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator.

With today’s possibilities for signal processing, controlled drives with permanent magnet synchronous machines are in attractive solution of several applications and offer many promises. In this paper, the operation of variable speed, stall regulated wind turbine PM synchronous generator, is examined. The analysis and design of control system for an electric drive calls for a dynamic model of the machine. Analysis of the electric part of the system, i.e. the electric generator, the power electronics converters and the control, is carried out. The emphasis is placed on the investigation of a series of computer simulations and the speed control system is designed to maximise the power output and acheive a smooth torque and power profile.

Armature MMF and electromagnetic performance analysis of dual three-phase 10-pole/24-slot permanent magnet synchronous machine

Armature MMF and electromagnetic performance analysis of dual three-phase 10-pole/24-slot permanent magnet synchronous machine

Research on magnetic regulation characteristics of axial-radial flux type permanent magnet synchronous machine

Research on magnetic regulation characteristics of axial-radial flux type permanent magnet synchronous machine

Effects of harmonics and voltage unbalance on the behavior of a five-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine

Effects of harmonics and voltage unbalance on the behavior of a five-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine

E‐Gear Functionality Based on Mechanical Relays in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) are still the first choice for use in electric vehicles, due to their unparalleled efficiency and power density. However, they suffer from an inherently limited speed range. As field weakening or the addition of a mechanical gearbox deteriorates the efficiency of the drive, it is suggested in this paper to equip the drive with reconfiguration switches, giving rise to a so‐called e‐gear. The switches—which are implemented by means of mechanical relays—allow to change the winding connection of the electric machine from a series to a parallel connection and hence to double its efficient speed range. Simulations and experimental results on a 4‐kW axial‐flux PMSM confirm the feasibility of the concept and prove that the reconfiguration can be conducted in less than 35 ms.

Artificial Neural Networks-Based Torque Distribution for Riding Comfort Improvement of Hybrid Electric Vehicles

In an age characterized by a focus on environmental sustainability and technological advancement, the creation and integration of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have become a significant solution in the realm of transportation and clean energy. This study introduces a method for optimizing the distribution of torque in HEVs through the utilization of artificial neural networks (ANN). Furthermore, it introduces an innovative design for the vehicle’s drivetrain, enabling it to function in both rear-wheel and four-wheel drive configurations. The HEV is propelled by a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) and is controlled using direct torque control (DTC) due to its capability to provide rapid and precise responses. The results of simulations conducted using MATLAB/Simulink confirm the effectiveness of the proposed intelligent torque distribution strategy, demonstrating its capacity to enhance vehicle performance, driving comfort, and propulsion power.

Fuzzy Logic Based Adaptive P&O MPPT Control of a DC-DC Boost Converter Used in a Wind Energy Conversion System with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator

In this paper, we present a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm employing Perturb and Observe (P&O) using Fuzzy Logic (FL) control to overcome limitations associated with the conventional P&O MPPT method in order to improve transient response and reduce steady-state terminal voltage oscillations. In particular, the FL approach was applied to define the perturbation amplitude for the P&O MPPT algorithm, according to the ratio between the incremental power and incremental voltage in the input of a DC-DC boost converter. The approach was a variable speed wind power conversion chain based on the permanent magnet synchronous machine. The MPPT control continuously adjusts the duty cycle of the DC-DC converter to maintain the wind turbine at the maximum power point. MATLAB-SIMULINK environment is used to simulate the entire system demonstrating the extraction of the maximum available power from the wind turbine under a varying wind speed.

Detecting Eccentricity Fault in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines by Means of Zero-Sequence Voltage Component

Detecting Eccentricity Fault in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines by Means of Zero-Sequence Voltage Component

Comb Filter-Based Noise Cancellation for Fast Di-agnosis of Single-Point Bearing Faults in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

Comb Filter-Based Noise Cancellation for Fast Di-agnosis of Single-Point Bearing Faults in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

Reduction of Torque Oscillations in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Using Optimal Current Injection Based on Unbalanced Load Detection

Reduction of Torque Oscillations in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Using Optimal Current Injection Based on Unbalanced Load Detection

Comparative Study of Loss Characteristic Between Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine and Vernier Machine for In-Wheel Direct Drive

Comparative Study of Loss Characteristic Between Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine and Vernier Machine for In-Wheel Direct Drive

An analytical formula for back EMF waveform of a counter‐rotating dual‐rotor non‐slotted axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine

AbstractFractional slot concentrated winding (FSCW) permanent magnet (PM) machines are gaining more attention for low‐speed applications because of their great advantages. This paper proposes a new structure for an FSCW double rotor axial flux PM synchronous machine (DRAFPMSM) with counter‐rotating rotors. In addition, an analytical formula for the Back EMF waveform of the proposed structure is presented. The accuracy of the formula is investigated by designing a 40 W sample machine. The rotors of this machine rotate with speeds of 600 and 428 rpm in opposite directions. The Back EMF of the sample machine is calculated using the suggested formula. In addition, the finite element method (FEM) is used to determine the Back EMF waveform. Comparison of the obtained results confirms that the new formula yields the Back EMF precisely such that the results well match to those of FEM. The effect of the relative position of two rotors on the Back EMF waveform is investigated using the proposed formula. In addition, the optimum relative position of two rotors for minimizing the Back EMF THD of the case study machine is determined.

Design of an L-Shaped Array Vernier Permanent Magnet Machine for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Propulsion Using a Schwarz–Christoffel Mapping-Based Equivalent Magnetic Network Model

The Vernier permanent magnet (VPM) machines supersede conventional permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) topologies in terms of torque-density and cogging torque. This paper presents a fractional-slot L-shaped magnet VPM machine, including peculiar designs for permanent magnet (PM) housing and rotor core construction for small-scale EVs such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The idea for selecting the PM arrangement is based on combining the V-shaped and spoke-array PM topologies for achieving a higher torque-density than V-shaped PM machines and a lower cogging torque than spoke-array PM machines. The rotor core is created from non-integrated segments to form the flux-barriers in end-portions of PM housings. In this way, the leakage flux lines in the end-portion of the PMs reduce, resulting in enhanced flux linkage and power factor. A 630 W, 12-slot/8-pole motor is designed and prototyped for model validation purposes. An innovative equivalent magnetic network (EMN) model is established for analytical prediction of the performance of the machine. The Schwarz-Christoffel mapping is used to create the rotor core permeance network due to its special shaping. Two innovative pentagonal-shaped mesh cells are used in the air-gap region for more accurate capturing of flux behavior. The model is validated by comparing the results with the finite element results and experimental measurements.

Frequency-Domain Analytical Prediction of PWM-Induced Current Harmonics in Slotless Surface-Mounted PM Synchronous Machines

Frequency-Domain Analytical Prediction of PWM-Induced Current Harmonics in Slotless Surface-Mounted PM Synchronous Machines

Optimal Multi-Tooth Numbers for Vernier PM Synchronous Machines

Optimal Multi-Tooth Numbers for Vernier PM Synchronous Machines

Optimization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines for Electric Vehicle Propulsion with Multiple Objectives

Optimization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines for Electric Vehicle Propulsion with Multiple Objectives