Permanent Magnet DC Generator Research Articles

A review study on mathematical modeling of solar parabolic d ish‐Stirling system used for electricity generation

The intensity of the solar radiations falling on the earth surface ranges between 5 and 7.5 kWh/m2/day. For the non-directed solar thermal application, higher intensity level is required. The Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) technology incorporating reflecting mirrors reinforces the solar radiations with high intensity. It is suitable for various applications; that is, space heating, space cooling, and cooking, steam, and power generation without any polluted emissions. Meanwhile, among the various CSP technologies, the Concentrating Solar Parabolic Dish Stirling engine System (CSP-DSS) has got attention of the research community due to its various attractive features. The output power and efficiency of the CSP-DSS depend upon their geometrical, optical, and operating parameters. It is therefore, necessary to mathematically investigate the influence of these parameters on system performance before its design and installation. In the existing literature reported, only some specific parameters of the CSP-DSS have been focused and considered to investigate the system performance. To the best of author's knowledge, no literature has been found to provide the mathematical modeling of all the system parameters in a single manuscript to study and investigate their influence on the system performance. Hence, this review article aims to compile, expansively review and organize the systematical mathematical modeling for all optical, geometrical, and operating parameters of the CSP-DSS along with the system design methodology. Likewise, the effects of these parameters on the system output power and efficiency under various operating conditions have been investigated. In addition, comprehensive study of CSP-DSS components along with their classification have been painstakingly discussed to determine optimal system configuration. Finally, the latest review study in the field of CSP-DSS have been deeply and comprehensively discussed. This review study concludes that, the kinematic gamma type Stirling engine coupled with Permanent Magnet DC generator (PMDC) and Azimuth-Altitude Dual Axis Tracker (AADAT) could be the better CSP-DSS design and configuration in context of the standalone off-grid electricity generation system.

Modeling and Control of Dish-Stirling Solar Thermal Integrated With PMDC Generator Optimized by Meta-Heuristic Approach

This paper proposes an autonomous microgrid system for the first time with solar thermal dish-Stirling engine coupled with permanent magnet direct current generator and battery energy storage system along with uncontrolled variable loads. Both proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers are considered separately for the bidirectional charge controller and buck-boost converter controller for the dish-Stirling system. The modern meta-heuristic algorithms including recent ones like particle swarm optimization, mine blast algorithm and grey wolf optimizer (GWO), have been adopted for tuning the gain parameters of the controllers used for the direct current common bus voltage stability and power sharing. The work considers variable insolation level for somehow mimicking the natural solar variation all the day. The simulation of the proposed model is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink and the results are obtained with two types of controllers for comparison. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the PID controllers optimized with GWO algorithm in terms of faster convergence rate, DC voltage profile, and maintenance of SOC of battery and energy efficiency as compared to the other two algorithms. It is also to be noted that the use of a permanent magnet DC generator coupled to the solar dish-Stirling engine improves the electric conversion efficiency and reduces cost effectively as compared to AC generators.

Perancangan Turbin Sumbu Horizontal dan Sumbu Vertikal untuk Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Angin (Studi Kasus di Kota Bengkulu)

ABSTRACTWind Power Plant is a power plant that uses wind as an energy resources to produce electrical energy. The Bengkulu region which is mostly a coastal area with conditions of strong wind speeds that can be utilized as a source of wind power generation. Wind energy can be utilized as an alternative and renewable energy source using wind turbine. Wind turbine performance depends on the shape, position and dimensions of the turbine, etc. In this study focus on the design of wind power plants with horizontal axis turbine position and vertical axis turbine position. Wind turbine was designed with 3 blades made of wood materials. The permanent magnet DC generator are used for generator in the horizontal axis and vertical axis wind turbine positions with maximum power that can be generated at 800 Watt. Testing of the two types of turbines was carried out on the coast of Bengkulu city. The results shows that the horizontal axis wind power plant design starts rotating at a wind speed of 3.5 m / s, while the vertical axis wind power plant design starts rotating at a wind speed of 6.5 m / s. The voltage generated by the horizontal axis wind power plant at a wind speed of 3.5 m / s is 12 Volts. The voltage generated by the vertical axis wind power plant at a wind speed of 6.5 m / s is 9 Volts.

Design and Implementation of Bi-Directional DC-DC Converter for Wind Energy System

This paper proposes a design and implementation of the bi-directional DC-DC converter for Wind Energy Conversion System. The proposed project consists of boost DC/DC converter, bi-directional DC/DC converter (BDC), permanent magnet DC generator and batteries. A DC-DC boost converter is interface with proposed wind system to step up the initial generator voltage and maintain constant output voltage. The fluctuation nature of wind makes them unsuitable for standalone operation. To overcome the drawbacks an energy storage device is used in the proposed system to compensate the fluctuations and to maintain a smooth and continuous power flow in all operating modes to load. Bi-directional DC-DC converter (BDC) is capable of transforming energy between two DC buses. It can operate as a boost converter which supplies energy to the load when the wind generator output power is greater than the required load power. It also operates in buck mode which charges from DC bus when output power is less than the required load power. The proposed converter reduces the component losses and increases the performance of the overall system. The complete system is implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK and verified with hardware.

A novel self-powered MR damper: theoretical and experimental analysis

This paper presents a novel magnetorheological (MR) damper with a self-powered capability, which is proposed to have energy harvesting and MR damping technologies integrated into a single device. Vibration energy harvesting mechanisms were adopted, based on ball-screw mechanisms and a rotary permanent magnet dc generator, to convert the external vibration energy into electrical energy to power the MR damping unit. The configuration and operating principles of the proposed self-powered MR damper were presented. Considering the core loss effect on the magnetic field, a theoretical analysis of the proposed MR damper was carried out and a mechanical model was developed. Finally, a prototype with a capacity of 10 kN was fabricated and experimentally investigated in both the direct-supply mode and the supply-with-rectifier mode. The results indicated that the proposed configuration is feasible and that both modes can realize good self-adaptability of the MR damping force. However, the direct-supply mode has a sag effect in the force–displacement curve and provides a lower energy-dissipating capacity than the direct-supply mode does under the same conditions.

SVPWM Based Converter for PMSG Based Wind Energy Conversion System

Abstract At present, the trend of electricity generation is taking a diversion towards renewable energy sources due to their availability, cleanliness and less pollution. The ever increasing power demand has led to the development of Hybrid energy systems for Distributed Generation applications. Most of these hybrid systems include Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) because of the ease of generation and availability of wind. Many types of generators are designed for the WECS. Due to the advantages like higher efficiency and low maintenance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) [1] , a PMSG based WECS is considered in this paper. It is also observed that, a very high number of appliances or loads are operating directly on DC. The potential to use DC directly from WECS requires proper rectification (from AC to DC) of power when considered for DC grid applications or for storage in batteries. Literature shows that, for the rectification process the researchers have applied basic Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique to the WECS or a WECS is designed with Brushless Permanent Magnet DC Generator (BLPMDC) to obtain DC power. In this paper a converter is designed for rectification of the power developed by the WECS and an attempt is made to apply Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) for switching of rectifier to obtain a pure DC supply from WECS.

Operational Performance of Synchronous Generator Hybrid-Excited by PMDC and PV Generators

In this paper, detailed operational performance of synchronous generator connected to infinite bus hybrid excited by Permanent-Magnet DC (PMDC) and Photovoltaic (PV) generators is presented. The PV generator is interfaced to the PMDC generator via DC-DC buck-boost switch mode converter which is used to control the voltage injected at all solar irradiance levels via adjusting its duty ratio. The PV generator is designed such that to meet the demands of the synchronous generator excitation at full solar irradiance. The PMDC generator is conventionally powered by fuel engine. Power control unit is used to automatically adjust the PMDC generator driving torque in order to compensate the power need once the output power from the PV generator decreases as a result of reduction in the solar irradiance. To have an idea about the stability of the system operating point, eigenvalues of the linearized system at different running conditions are discussed. The robustness of the system is checked by observing its response based on the complete nonlinear dynamical model after successive step changes in the solar irradiance levels and successive step changes in the set value of the desired excitation voltage particularly used for controlling both the terminal voltage and the output reactive power of the synchronous generator. It is concluded that the proposed hybrid excitation system is technically possible, reliable, can effectively control the output reactive power of the synchronous generator, reduces the total fuel consumption and robust enough to withstand step changes in the system input parameters.

Practical Advantages of Multivariable Control Strategy for Off-Grid Variable Speed Variable-Pitch (VS-VP) Wind Turbines

The design of variable speed wind turbine control systems is a hard challenge where a nonlinear multivariable process with high disturbances, restrictions and interaction between variables appears. Under that situation, a reliable and powerful control strategy is needed to achieve a maximum performance. In this paper a multivariable control scheme based on a torque controller and pitch angle controller for a VS-VP small wind turbine connected with a permanent-magnet DC generator (PMG) is proposed. Both controllers are tuned for operating in several wind speed regions. Simulation results show the robustness, effectiveness and benefits of the multivariable control strategy used for different operation situations. The multivariable controller is compared with other baseline control schemes such as LQG controller and standard switched controller.

Design of NdFeB Permanent Magnet DC Generator

The advantages and development trend of automotive neodymium iron boron permanent magnet DC generator is summarized, analyzed the operation mode of neodymium iron Peng Yongci DC generator, and puts forward the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet DC generator has broad prospects for development. The design of the key parts of power system -- the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet DC generator, the excitation rotor and the armature winding parameters were designed to meet the needs of neodymium iron boron permanent magnet DC generator and improve the efficiency of the generator.

Maximum Efficiency or Power Tracking of Stand-alone Small Scale Compressed Air Energy Storage System

This paper is concerned with maximum efficiency or power tracking for pneumatically-driven electric generator of a stand-alone small scale compressed air energy storage system (CAES). In this system, an air motor is used to drive a permanent magnet DC generator, whose output power is controlled by a buck converter supplying a resistive load. The output power of the buck converter is controlled power such that the air motor operates at a speed corresponding to either maximum power or maximum efficiency. The maximum point tracking controller uses a linearised model of the air motor together with integral control action. The analysis and design of the controller is based on a small injected-absorbed current signal-model of the buck converter. The controller was implemented experimentally using a dSPACE system. Test results are presented to validate the design and demonstrate its capabilities.

Wind Turbine Building for Saving Home Electricity

This paper presents design and building wind energy system. Even though, wind power is not popular in Iraq but it is widely used in other countries. Nowadays, our electricity bill always increases every year cause of increasing fuel and generation price. This paper will discuss about small wind energy system construction and building to save our home electricity. Building small wind turbine as alternative to reduce our electricity bill every months, and also compensate the poor of electricity provided from national grid. This system will use home inverter with battery storage, three blades small wind turbine and wiring. If the wind speeds at our area are high to generate enough power, we will supply that power from home inverter that use storage energy in battery that provided from wind turbine to low electrical equipment such as lighting, wireless gateway and more. Also install this home small wind system and make study on it by using real wind speed data inIraq in Najaf city. For providing electricity use permanent magnet DC generator connected to three blade wind turbine constructed on 1.8 m tower practically build as the wind energy system.

Design and Development of Pico-hydro Generation System for Energy Storage Using Consuming Water Distributed to Houses

This paper describes the design and development of pico-hydro generation system using consuming water distributed to houses. Water flow in the domestic pipes has kinetic energy that potential to generate electricity for energy storage purposes in addition to the routine activities such as laundry, cook and bathe. The inherent water pressure and flow inside the pipe from utility's main tank that used for those usual activities is also used to rotate small scale hydro turbine to drive a generator for electrical power generation. Hence, this project is conducted to develop a small scale hydro generation system using consuming water distributed to houses as an alternative electrical energy source for residential use. Keywords—Alternative Energy, Energy storage, Permanent Magnet DC Generator, Pico-Hydro Generation System. I. INTRODUCTION HE Pico hydro is hydro power with a maximum electrical output of five kilowatts (5kW). Hydro power systems of this size benefit in terms of cost and simplicity from different approaches in the design, planning and installation than those which are applied to larger hydro power. Recent innovations in pico-hydro technology have made it an economic source of power even in some of the world's poorest and most inaccessible places. It is also a versatile power source. AC electricity can be produced enabling standard electrical appliances to be used. Common examples of devices which can be powered by pico-hydro are light bulbs, radio and televisions.