Permanent Job Research Articles

The Incidence and Risk Factors of Urinary Tract Infection in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Real-World Observational Study.

Background: The incidence and risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who use sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are still controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of using SGLT2 inhibitors, particularly in Thai patients. Methods: Electronic medication records of all patients, who started the treatment of T2DM between 1 January 2019 and 30 June 2021 at a tertiary hospital in Thailand, were reviewed. The patients were divided into SGLT2 inhibitor and non-SGLT2 inhibitor groups to compare the incidence of UTI. Results: The overall incidence rate of UTI was 33.49% in the SGLT2 inhibitor group and 11.72% in the non-SGLT2 inhibitor group. The incidence rates of UTI were not different between dapagliflozin and empagliflozin treatment (34.00% and 33.03%, respectively). Patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors had a 3.70 higher risk of UTI compared with those treated with non-SGLT2 inhibitors (95%CI 2.60-5.29). Moreover, the significant risk factors for UTI found in this study were gender, age, and occupation. Conclusions: This study highlighted the high incidence of UTI in patients using dapagliflozin and empagliflozin compared with non-SGLT2 inhibitors. Additionally, patients of female gender and older age had a significantly higher risk of UTI when treated with SGLT2 inhibitors, whereas those with permanent jobs had a lower risk.

Optimalisasi Verifikasi dan Validasi DTKS Desa Kepanjen Kecamatan Gumukmas Kabupaten Jember

The social welfare of the community, especially in Kepanjen Village, was still very low. This is indicated by the low income of the community. In addition, many people in Kepanjen Village do not have permanent jobs, which results in uncertain income and uncertain economic conditions for the community. It is hoped that the social assistance program that is currently being promoted by the government can be right on target to people who really need it. Problems that are still often faced by rural communities today are related to social welfare. The condition of underprivileged people is still commonly found in Kepanjen Village. So far, the government has used the Social Welfare Integrated Data (DTKS) published by the Ministry of Social Affairs as a reference in determining who is entitled to the various social assistance protection programs. But often the assistance provided by the government is not on target. Therefore, to support whether the assistance is on target, the local government is assisted by several related parties to verify and validate DTKS. With this enumerator it is hoped that it can help optimize the DTKS verification and validation process in order to achieve the 4 stages of data use.

Analysis of Women's Multiple Roles and Domestic Violence Female Factory Workers in Sunggal District, Deli Serdang Regency

Multiple Roles is a work role that is accepted by one sex more than the other sex. The division of labor based on gender can be divided into 3 types, namely: Reproductive, Productive, and Social or also called 3 triple roles gender roles. The purpose of this study is to find out how multiple roles and domestic violence occur in Sunggal District, Deli Serdang Regency. This type of research is qualitative with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques in this study using primary data that is data obtained through observation and interviews and documentation. Primary data collection techniques using the method of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the Multiple Roles of women working as factory workers because of the insistence on the family's economic needs getting higher, meeting the needs of daily life, the husband does not work, Lack of husband's responsibility as the head of the household in meeting family needs, husband who do not have a permanent job but are unemployed who every day the husband of the wives of the factory workers spends his time from morning even to night only in the coffee shop / “tuak”.

Determining factors of a personalized approach to patients with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective. To study the epidemiological, medical, social and clinical factors that affect the manifestations and treatment of diseases — infections caused by the immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which underlie the formation of a personalized approach to the management and treatment of people living with HIV (PLHIV).Materials and methods. Epidemiological analysis of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 in the Leningrad region for 2021–2022 was carried out. The research team conducted a questionnaire and analysis of medical documentation of 122 HIVpositive patients registered at the Leningrad Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases who suffered a novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the period from 2020 to 2022. An assessment was made of the psychological and social characteristics of patients affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the clinical picture of the course of HIV infection, including in combination with COVID-19. The fact of SARS-CoV-2 disease was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) smears from the mouth and nasopharynx. Additionally, a group of 59 PLHIV hospitalized in hospitals in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region with a severe form of COVID-19 was isolated for analysis.Results and discussion. Number of COVID-19 cases in 2020–2021 in the Leningrad region amounted to 15.553 people, of which 1.553 had a history of HIV infection (13.5% of patients registered at the dispensary). The mortality rate among PLHIV who underwent COVID-19 was 5.1%. An equal ratio of women and men was observed among 122 surveyed patients, the average age of respondents was 41 years. When assessing the social status of the respondents, it was found that 25.4% had higher education, 56.5% had specialized secondary education. 72.9% had a permanent job. 61.4% of respondents considered themselves to be in the category of material well-being of «average level», 24.6% — to «below average». The sexual route of HIV infection was established in 50.8% of patients, injectable was 29.5%, in other cases it was not unknown. The average level of CD4 lymphocytes in the blood was 544 cl/mcl, most patients (90.2%) had an undetectable indicator of HIV viral load (VL). The average duration of the disease with the new coronavirus in HIV patients was 15.6 days. At the same time, 108 (88.5%) people noted a mild course of COVID-19 and did not need hospitalization. Coverage of COVID-19 vaccination among the surveyed PLHIV was 40.9%. According to data from 59 case histories of PLHIV hospitalized as a result of the severe course of COVID-19, 55 people died, a pathoanatomic autopsy was performed in 26 cases. The autopsy revealed the following complications and concomitant diseases: miliary tuberculosis (7.7%), purulent endocarditis (11.5%), sepsis (19.2%). Improvement in the dynamics was observed only in 4 PLHIV, whose further fate is unknown.Conclusion. The study showed that the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 among PLHIV in the Leningrad region is comparable to the general population, however, the total mortality among HIV-infected patients is higher than in the region and across the country. As a result of the analysis, we came to the conclusion that HIV infection and COVID-19 are independent in terms of co-infection at the outpatient stage. The exception is severe and aggravated comorbid cases, which required a more detailed assessment of the condition, the involvement of a larger number of specialists, as well as laboratory and instrumental research methods. The results obtained determined the need for a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to patients with HIV infection, taking into account their personal needs. Medical personnel providing care to PLHIV should take into account not only the clinical picture of the disease, but also the psychosocial status of the patient, in order to improve the outcomes of COVID-19 and HIV infection.

Utilization of Antiseptic Soap as an Effort to Maintain Community Economic Stability in Padang Lampe Village, Pangkep-South Sulawesi Province

This plant has economic value and is beneficial for health as a medicine for mouth infections and cavities, treats skin diseases, reduces inflammation, reduces diarrhea, prevents nausea and stomach pain, and reduces cholesterol. With the availability of land, most of which is forest, local people use it to grow corn and herbs. The residents of Padanglampe Village are also experiencing economic instability due to the post-pandemic COVID-19, and many villagers do not have permanent jobs. So that requires them to have an independent business, one of which is making antiseptic soap made from lemongrass, which grows on plantations and in front of the house. In the service program that will be carried out in the form of assistance in making antiseptic soap, the benefit that the community will obtain is that the target community has an understanding and knowledge of how to process herbal plants into products with the sale value.

أثر الاغتراب الوظيفي على كفاءة الأداء المؤسسي من منظور الإدارة الإسلامية: دراسة تحليلية على مجلس الدولة، والشورى في سلطنة عُمان THE IMPACT OF CAREER ALIENATION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF INSTITUTIONAL PERFORMANCE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC MANAGEMENT: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE SHURA COUNCIL IN OMAN.

The study aimed to measure the impact of job alienation on the efficiency of institutional performance from the perspective of Islamic management among the employees of the State Council and the Shura Council in the Sultanate of Oman. The problem of the study lies in measuring the impact of job alienation on the efficiency of institutional performance from the perspective of Islamic management, and in diagnosing the existence of the phenomenon of job alienation among the study sample, and the extent of its impact on institutional performance, due to the low application of the principles of management adopted in modern and Islamic management sciences in some administrative transactions, which can sense many problems facing the employee in general in government institutions and in the State Council and the Shura in particular, and the significance of the study lies in helping top management in understanding the psychological and moral aspect and how to deal with it by knowing the great impact of job alienation with all its elements. The study population will be the staff of the State Council and the Shura in the Sultanate of Oman, whereas the study sample was chosen by the stratified random method. The sample consisted of the category of employees occupying permanent jobs in the upper, middle and administrative levels, which are (375) from the total population of the research sample. The study variables are as follows, the independent variable is job alienation, represented by (lack of power, functional isolation, and self-alienation), the dependent variable is the efficiency of institutional performance, represented by (self-confidence, perfect work completion, effective social communication), and there is the axis of Islamic management. And the mediating variable is (type, institution, educational qualification, years of experience, and administrative level). The study will follow an analytical descriptive approach to describe and analyze the phenomenon of job alienation, and rely on the quantitative approach through the questionnaire survey. The pilot test will distribute to (40 samples), and the influence of the study variables (ID & DV) will be verified through the "Islamic management" axis.

Longitudinal Career Survey of Entomology Doctoral Graduates Suggests That Females Are Disadvantaged in Entomology Job Market

Abstract Here, I provide data from a longitudinal survey that suggests that male entomology doctoral graduates are more successful at getting scientific positions than female graduates are. I digitally followed over 800 male and female doctorates graduating between 2001 and 2018 over several years to determine occupational outcomes. Males significantly outnumber females in industry positions, and occupy more academic positions and government jobs than females. Males may get a head start in employment by publishing significantly more scientific papers during their graduate programs than do females, setting them up to be more competitive. Once hired into academia, males appear to continue this publication pattern, obtaining significantly higher H-indices than female academic colleagues later in their careers, which may play a role in being promoted more quickly than females. Males are also favored by institutions at which they previously interned: Males working as postdoctoral scientists in USDA labs end up being hired into significantly more permanent jobs at USDA than females who also were postdocs at USDA. Another important result of the research is the finding that the majority of both genders undergo postdoctoral training, but fewer than 25% of entomology postdocs get academic positions, demonstrating the bleak outlook of the academic job market.

Freelancing among Archivists: Current Trends and Future Implications

This paper reports findings from a survey conducted to understand freelancing activities among archivists. Although most survey respondents preferred permanent jobs, many of them were forced to freelance for various reasons. More survey respondents believed the number and percentage of freelance archivists will increase than those who believed otherwise. Archival educators were expected to prepare archives management students for a freelance career. To support freelance archivists, professional associations need to offer more continuing education courses or workshop tailored to freelance archivists and consider creating a freelance website for archival services in collaboration with closely related professions.

Job satisfaction and organizational commitment among nurses working on temporary versus permanent jobs at a tertiary care teaching hospital, Uttarakhand, India

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess and compare job satisfaction and organizational commitment among nurses working on temporary versus permanent basis at a tertiary care teaching hospital, Uttarakhand, India. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 nurses (125 temporary and 125 permanent) were selected using stratified disproportionate random sampling techniques from a tertiary care teaching hospital. Sociodemographic datasheet, Job Satisfaction Survey scale, and Organizational Commitment scale were used to collect data. Results: The study results revealed that the job satisfaction score was significantly higher in permanent nurses (139.1 ± 15.4) than in temporary nurses (131.3 ± 12.2) (P < 0.001). However, temporary nurses (85.2 ± 14.4) were more committed toward organization than permanent nurses (80.0 ± 16.0) (P < 0.001). There was a significant association between nurses' job satisfaction and their gross salary (P < 0.001) and their organizational commitment with the selected profession by own will (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study concluded that majority of temporary and permanent nurses reported a moderate level of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. This study suggests enhancing employee satisfaction can improve organizational commitment. As well, this study's findings can serve as a valuable foundation for designing policies to enhance organizational commitment in the future.

Commentary: Thinking of moving from academia into industry? Here are some things to consider

Commentary: Thinking of moving from academia into industry? Here are some things to consider

Social Preferences of Young Professionals and the Financial Industry

Trust is an important element of many financial transactions. Yet, the financial industry has been struggling with public mistrust. One explanation for this could be the selection of individuals who wish to work in and get job offers from the financial industry. In this paper, we examine the selection into the financial industry based on social preferences. We identify the social preferences of business and economics students, and, for more than six years, follow up on their early career choices and their job placement after graduation. Students eager to work in the financial industry behave in a substantially less trustworthy manner and show less willingness to cooperate than those with other career plans. The job market does not alleviate this selection. Those subjects who find their first permanent job in finance behave in significantly less trustworthy manner in a trust game than those working in other industries. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: Financial support was provided from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy [Grant EXC 2126/1–390838866], the University of Cologne [Hans Kelsen Prize], and the Center for Financial Studies. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4562 .

Peripheral Contingencies: Experiences of International Scholars in Latvia

This article examines the notion of the academic life course from the perspective of international scholars in Latvia—a research system characterised by “projectarisation,” yet also by aspirations of increased international competitiveness. In conversation with literature on academic precarity andmobility justice, I investigate the contingencies and non‐linearities embedded in the transnational movements of research workers. In the academic life course, mobility across borders is supposed to lead to a permanent job in the future, yet often turns into an indefinite process of moving from one country and institution to the next. Based on semi‐structured interviews with 29 international scholars in Latvia, as well as other qualitative data, I examine how this contradiction is experienced in more peripheral contexts of academic knowledge production. I suggest that international scholars in Latvia experience heightened job insecurity while simultaneously making use of professional and personal opportunities.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health status and care of adults with epilepsy in Germany

BackgroundTo mitigate the potential consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on public life, the German Federal Government and Ministry of Health enacted a strict lockdown protocol on March 16, 2020. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health status and the supply of medical care and medications for people with epilepsy (PWE) in Germany.MethodsThe Epi2020 study was a large, multicenter study focused on different healthcare aspects of adults with epilepsy. In addition to clinical and demographic characteristics, patients were asked to answer a questionnaire on the impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic between March and May 2020. Furthermore, the population-based number of epilepsy-related admissions in Hessen was evaluated for the January-June periods of 2017–2020 to detect pandemic-related changes.ResultsDuring the first wave of the pandemic, 41.6% of PWE reported a negative impact on their mental health, while only a minority reported worsening of their seizure situation. Mental and physical health were significantly more negatively affected in women than men with epilepsy and in PWE without regular employment. Moreover, difficulties in ensuring the supply of sanitary products (25.8%) and antiseizure medications (ASMs; 19.9%) affected PWE during the first lockdown; no significant difference regarding these impacts between men and women or between people with and without employment was observed. The number of epilepsy-related admissions decreased significantly during the first wave.ConclusionsThis analysis provides an overview of the general and medical care of epilepsy patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. PWE in our cohort frequently reported psychosocial distress during the first wave of the pandemic, with significant adverse effects on mental and physical health. Women and people without permanent jobs especially reported distress due to the pandemic. The COVID‐19 pandemic has added to the mental health burden and barriers to accessing medication and medical services, as self-reported by patients and verified in population-based data on hospital admissions.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), DRKS00022024. Registered October 2, 2020, http://www.drks.de/DRKS00022024

Teacher allocation and school performance in Italy

AbstractItaly's secondary school system faced budget cuts, which limit availability of new permanent job slots for teachers. The allocation of these slots favours teachers with more seniority such that the age distribution of teachers across schools reflects older teachers' preferences for being close to urban centres. Using schools' distance from main urban centres and population size in the school's vicinity to instrument for non‐random exposure of schools to older teachers, we show older teachers are detrimental to pupil attainment. The effect is large: a 6‐year increase in the age of teachers leads to a one standard deviation reduction in the graduation mark.

Struggles about class and Adivasi-ness in an eastern Indian steel plant

AbstractIn the eastern Indian steel town of Rourkela, Adivasis are widely stereotyped as uneducated, jangli (‘wild’), and drinkers, and they are therefore held to make for a special type of worker. Their Adivasi ‘nature’ makes them an ideal fit for facing the heat, dust, and fumes in the so-called ‘hot shops’ of the local public-sector steel plant. It is also said that Adivasis are, in fact, not well suited for the permanent and well-paid jobs the public-sector steel plant provides, and that they are better employed as contract workers who are paid little and by the day, and on whom the industry has increasingly relied since the 1970s. Critically engaging with Bourgois’ concept of ‘conjugated oppression’, I will show how these casteist stereotypes entrench the class position of Adivasis in the local steel industry, but also how this position has nevertheless changed over time—for some for the better, for many for the worse. Furthermore, although this polarization is driven by larger political economic changes it is exacerbated by the ways in which the better-off among the stereotyped Adivasi workers respond to them. This calls, I argue, for close attention to be given to the historical dynamics in the relations between class and caste (or ‘tribe’) and in the struggles related to them.

Effect of the age of visual impairment onset on employment outcomes in South Korea: analysis of the national survey on persons with disabilities data

BackgroundOpportunities for paid employment provide meaningful ways for those with disabilities to participate in society and achieve financial independence. Although the onset age of disabilities can alter individuals’ attitudes toward accepting their disabilities and their desire for work, the lack of data limits relevant empirical research. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the onset age on employment, job security (permanent vs. temporary), and wage level among visually impaired adults in South Korea.MethodsWe used three years of the National Survey on Persons with Disabilities data, 2011, 2014, and 2017, and included 583 participants in this study. We used a logistic regression model for the employment status and a multinomial logistic regression model for job security. We analyzed log monthly wage by a multivariate linear regression model, which subdivided the age groups, with 20–49 years old denoting prime-aged (n = 245) and 50–64 years old denoting late-middle-aged (n = 338). For each age group, we conducted a sub-analysis by sex.ResultsFor prime-aged adults, the employment probability decreased as the age of visual impartment onset increased, and women in particular experienced a lower employment rate for both permanent and temporary jobs when their disability onset age was above 25. However, among permanent employees, monthly wages were higher if the onset age was 25 + compared to when the onset age was 0–5 years old. In late middle-aged adults, adult onset disabilities were associated with higher odds of employment and higher wages for temporary jobs, implying these individuals worked unskilled or manual jobs.ConclusionsIn prime-aged adults, higher monthly wages among permanent employees showed that they were more likely to continue their original work, whereas in late-middle-aged adults, adult-onset disabilities were associated with a higher employment rate and higher wages for temporary jobs, suggesting the need for further investigation into job quality. These findings indicate a need for differentiated policy approaches considering the onset age of visual impairment to improve labor market outcomes throughout individuals’ lifespans.

Towards a dramatic reduction in the European Natural Gas consumption: Italy as a case study

In recent months, gas prices have reached unprecedented levels, hurting the European economy and exacerbating energy poverty conditions. This paper deals with investigating measures for a rapid reduction in the Italian natural gas (NG) consumption. The aim is to assess and quantify energy, economic, social and environmental impacts of different strategies to be implemented promptly. Several solutions, such as utility and residential PV systems, Wind plants, biomethane, green hydrogen and heat pumps, have been analysed. Different implementation levels of such solutions have been simulated in combination with each other by means of the MATLAB Toolbox for EnergyPLAN. The NG Abatement Cost (NGAC) has been calculated. That indicator allows an immediate evaluation of economic benefits comparing it with current and future NG spot prices and potential import alternatives. The NGAC of the best strategies is between 40 and 70 €/MWh depending on the amount of achieved savings. Less than 80 billion in total investment leads to a NG reduction of 75 TWh/year at an average abatement cost of about 70 €/MWh. That entails an employment impact of 640,000 temporary jobs and 30,000 permanent jobs along with an emission reduction of 21.5 MtCO2/year. Under the highest implementation of such measures, future average NG spot prices higher than 50 €/MWh allow to reduce GHG emissions implying decarbonisation costs lower than 80 €/tCO2. Furthermore, three Carbon Abatement Cost curves by changing the NG prices have been elaborated. The findings of this work show how current high NG prices can be an opportunity to speed up the transition process towards decarbonised energy systems.

Obituary: Haribhau S. Kale (1966-2022)

On 14th April 2022 we lost a great teacher, a benevolent person and a helpful heart, Dr. Haribhau S. Kale, Associate Professor, Post Graduate Department of Geology, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University (RTMNU), Nagpur and Former Treasurer and Secretary of Gondwana Geological Society (GGS), Nagpur at a young age of 56 years due to massive cardiac arrest on duty. Dr. Haribhau S. Kale was born on 28th August 1966, at Janori Village, Balapur Taluka, District Akola, Maharashtra. He completed his Bachelor of Science with Geology as one subject, from Amravati University in the year 1989. Later on, he completed M. Sc. Geology in 1991 and M. Sc. Tech Applied Geology in 1992 with Mineral Exploration as a specialization from Vikram University, Ujjain. He then pursued his passion for research by enrolling for doctoral work on Ore Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Genesis of a part of Dalli- Rajhara Iron Ore Belt, Durg district, M.P. and was awarded with the doctoral degree in the year 1998 from Vikram University, Ujjain. He worked as NET-JRF during 1993 to 1995 and NET- SRF during 1995-1996. His life was never easy and full of hurdles. In spite of being NET qualified in 1992 and doctorate in the year 1998, he struggled a lot in getting a permanent job in the teaching field. He joined as a lecturer on contractual basis at KESNNP, Engineering College Pen, District Raigarh, Maharashtra in the year 1996 and worked there till 1999. Later on, he worked as a lecturer on Clock Hour Basis (CHB) at Arts, Science and Commerce College, Chikhaldara, Amravati District from 1999 till 2002. After struggling for almost 11 years, he finally succeeded in getting selected as a lecturer in the Post Graduate Department of Geology, RTMNU, Nagpur in the year 2003. In spite of going through ups and downs in professional life he decided to have a stable life on the personal front and married his better half Ms. Vandana in the year 1993. From 2003 onwards he devoted himself to teaching, research and also to the service of mankind. In 2006, he edited one book entitled “Modelling of Indian Mineral Deposits (Part I), Vol. 3 (1-2)” along with K.L. Rai and R.M. Umathay, published by South Asian Association of Economic Geologists, (Received: 24 May 2022; Accepted: 30 May 2022) Hindustan Publishers, New Delhi. In 2007, his second book as an Editor is published on, “Modelling of Indian Mineral Deposits (Part II) covering Central Indian Deposits, along with K.L. Rai and R.M. Umathay, published by South Asian Association of Economic Geologists, Hindustan Publishers, New Delhi. He had 20 research papers published in various National and International Journals of good repute. He was life member of SAAEG, Raipur; Gondwana Geological Society, Nagpur; Geological Society of India, Bangalore and Indian Geological Congress, Roorkee. In addition to the life member of the GGS, he had also worked as its Treasurer and Secretary during 2015-2017 and 2018-2020, respectively. Along with academics, he excelled in work related to examinations. He has successfully handled the additional duties such as the Deputy Chief and later the Chief of the Spot Valuation Centre, RTMNU, Nagpur in 2004 and during 2006-2010, respectively. Dr. H.S. Kale was not only a good academician and researcher but also a human being with golden heart. For him, service to mankind was his top priority. He used to worship the place where he served. He had always extended his helping hand to the needy students by paying their fees for the geological excursions and donating laptops to economically poor students to minimize their hardships. Dr. H.S. Kale lived a simple but magnificent life in his own way making his place in heart of many students and teaching fraternity. Dr. Haibhau Kale was indeed a great inspiration for many of us and students who believed in humanity. His dedication and devotion to his service is unparalleled. On behalf of the Post Graduate Department of Geology, RTMNU, Nagpur and the GGS, I deeply acknowledge the immense loss to the geosciences community and pray that peace prevails upon him. Dr. Haribhau Kale is survived by his wife Mrs. Vandana and his three daughters Pranita, Komal and Renuka.

Not all crops are equal: the impacts of agricultural investment on job creation by crop type and investor type

Significant agricultural investment has taken place across Africa over the most recent two decades. An expanding set of literature analyzes these investments, often using case study and comparative approaches. While this is important, not all agricultural investments are equal, yet they are often described as being such. Few studies utilize large data sets to conduct quantitative, comparative research. This paper examines investments in Ethiopia, using quantitative data of 102 investments that took place in one region between 1998 and 2018. Using this unique dataset, we conduct a comparative assessment of investments, analyzing traits such as crop choice, job creation, job type, implementation status, and investor type (Ethiopian, foreign, diaspora). We find that Ethiopian investors are granted larger average leases of land, though are fewer in number in comparison to foreign and diaspora investors. The same category of investors (Ethiopians) have higher implementation status but have created the least per hectare permanent and seasonal jobs. The regression analysis, however, shows that there is no statistically significant difference among the three types of investors in terms of per hectare job creation. From the investment types, horticulture/flowers created the most employment per hectare, followed by vegetables and fruits production. This evidence contests common narratives about agricultural investment and provides a basis for decision makers to better enable positive outcomes, such as greater job creation.

IMPROVING STATE SUPPORT FOR MEAT PRODUCTION IN THE CONTEXT OF FOOD SECURITY FOR THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE

Introduction. Formed inter-branch connections in the meat product sub-complex are characterized by complexity and variety of forms and methods, increasing influence on the final results of the functioning of organizations of the meat product sub-complex in general. In addition, the existing inter-industry relations affect the rates of economic growth and prospects for the development of the country's economy. Therefore, the formation of a new system of economic relations in modern conditions necessitates the development of inter-sectoral cooperation in the structure of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted using general scientific methods and techniques: logical and qualitative analysis and synthesis – when substantiating theoretical approaches to the functioning of the meat product sub-complex, system and structural analysis – when analysing the current state of operations of enterprises of the meat product sub-complex; comparative analysis – when comparing foreign and domestic experience of conducting activities in the specified field; the method of cause-and-effect analysis – to identify problems in the development of enterprises of the meat product sub-complex and the industry; logical generalization – for the formation of conclusions and proposals. Results. We believe that the implementation of measures for the development of family livestock farms will contribute to the creation of new permanent jobs. For greater positive dynamics in this direction, it is necessary to develop special credit programs for the creation of both family farms and workshops for the processing of livestock products, which is a measure of the “green basket” and is not subject to restrictions under the terms of Ukraine's membership in the WTO. In our opinion, the amount of grant support for the development of family livestock farms should be directly related to the obligations of the recipients for a certain amount of produced products of the appropriate quality. Only in this case can we talk about the effectiveness of state funds directed to support small businesses. Discussion. Ukraine's membership in the EU will require the development of effective methods of state support for Ukrainian meat producers in order to ensure their competitiveness both on the domestic and global agri-food market in terms of quality and cost indicators, which is the perspective of our further research. Keywords: state support, business entities, meat products, grant support, meat products complex.