Permanent Instability Research Articles

Compliance as a mechanism for ensuring sustainable development of companies in crisis

Today, the world is in conditions of permanent instability due to constantly emerging crises, the beginning of wars, social changes, etc. This has a very negative effect on the activities of companies in various industries, reducing the possibilities of their sustainable development. The consequence of this is the need to use new management models, mechanisms and tools. The purpose of the article is to study the use of compliance and develop an approach to its implementation in the company’s management system. It was determined that the main factors that will determine the sustainable development of the company will be reactions to external influences, the level of efficiency of the company, its financial stability, the intensity of innovative activities and competent management. It is shown that companies in Ukraine make limited use of compliance. The main trends of compliance procedures in companies are the identification and regulation of conflicts of interest, the compliance function has the right of veto in relation to individual decisions, the minimization of compliance risks. The top 3 compliance risks that can lead to both significant financial losses and significant reputational damage include unscrupulous counterparties, conflicts of interest; corruption risks. It was determined that the compliance service should use a toolkit that will include methods of detection, identification and assessment of risks; development of anti-corruption provisions; conducting internal financial investigations and identifying fraudulent activities in the company’s activities, etc. It is proposed to implement compliance in three stages, namely: compliance audit, formalization of the compliance system and its implementation. This will prevent problems related to dissatisfaction and/or resistance of employees to changes in corporate culture and ethics of behavior in the company, increasing requirements in accordance with internal regulations, increasing the volume of work of both individual employees and structural units as a whole.

The Legal Regime of Anti-Crisis Regulation in the Healthcare

Introduction. The understanding of crisis situations in many of their varieties, including those affecting the health of the population, is shifting from temporary and exceptional one-time events to long-term processes that pose serious challenges to the rule of law and require an adequate legal response. Under such circumstances, the usual health regulators, designed for the normal state of social relations, turn out to be non-functional. In this regard, the problem of scientific development of a special legal mechanism for anti-crisis management aimed at preventing, ensuring preparedness, effective response and liquidation of the consequences of crisis situations in the healthcare sector is being actualized.
 Materials and methods. The methodological basу of the study included general scientific (dialectical, logical, systemic, historical, sociological, statistical), and private scientific methods of legal science (formal legal, historical legal and comparative legal). The empirical base of the study was domestic and foreign legal acts, law enforcement practice, and legal doctrine.
 Results. There were identified and characterized,main features of the legal mechanism of anti-crisis management in the healthcare sector including the interdependence of risks in the healthcare sector and the need for a comprehensive regulatory impact on them, the normalization of anti-crisis regulation of the health of citizens, some dejuridization of the industry, a change in the ratio of individual and public interests, acceleration digitalization and intensification of legal experiments in healthcare.
 Limitations. Due to the objective novelty of the problem under consideration the study is somewhat limited in terms of reviewing the reports on the relevant topic.
 Conclusion. In modern conditions of permanent instability, there is a tendency to form the so-called anti-crisis standard for protecting the health of citizens as a special comprehensive intersectoral perpetual legal regime adapted to exceptional threats to the life and health of citizens.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo: Political Instability and the Rwandan Factor

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has been in a state of constant political instability since June 30, 1960, i.e., throughout the entire period of its independent development. The country has experienced a series of civil wars and local conflicts, the causes of which, as in other African countries, have been inter-ethnic and inter-confessional tensions, struggle for power and access to natural resources, inability of governments to control the situation in the periphery, etc. The peculiarity of the Congolese conflicts and DRC politics in general is the interference of external actors, primarily neighboring countries. Rwanda has played the greatest role in maintaining permanent instability in the DRC. This has been argued in numerous books and articles by Russian and foreign researchers, but Africanists have not yet carried out a comprehensive analysis of the historical background and contemporary factors of Rwanda’s influence on the situation in the DRC, and the present paper aims at filling this gap. The purpose of the study is to identify the political and economic motives for the presence of the Rwandan army on the Congolese territory, to examine the role of national leaders of the two states - P. Kagame, L.-D. Kabila, J. Kabila, and F. Tshisekedi - in the political development of the DRC, as well as the reasons for the conflict that broke out in 2022 between the DRC and Rwanda. The paper applies a comprehensive approach to the processes and phenomena under consideration, using the principles of comparative data analysis and critical assessment of information. The relevance of the topic of research is due to both the increase in political instability in Africa and in the world as a whole, and the noticeable increase in the influence of African countries on international political and economic processes.

Negotiating censorship through ‘socialist recoding’ on the Chinese internet: nuances and potentialities in a contested cyberspace

ABSTRACT This article studies recoding practices on the Chinese internet that reframe controversial contents in a socialist discourse to circumvent censorship. Drawing on three cases of ‘socialist recoding’ for critical discourse analysis (CDA), this article finds different patterns of recoding strategies and power relations manifested in these practices, depicting the nuances of censorship-evading practices in different responses to censorship including but not limited to resistance, negotiation, and problematisation. This article argues that these recodings negotiate terms of censorship and mediate power relations through meaning-making, indicating a permanent instability of authority in internet governance in China. By showing the potentialities of nuanced and pluralised meaning-(re)making practices in contesting and negotiating internet governance and established norms and values more widely, this study advances existing understandings about nuances in China’s contested internet and contributes to the broader debate about the decentring and destabilising of authority in contested cyberspace worldwide.

Permanent Instability of Preferences after COVID-19 Crisis: A Natural Experiment from Urban Burkina Faso

Permanent Instability of Preferences after COVID-19 Crisis: A Natural Experiment from Urban Burkina Faso

Luxación tarsometatarsiana en perro: Reporte de caso

Metatarsal tarsal dislocation can be caused by trauma or even spontaneous overload. Its treatment can be done conservatively with immobilization or surgical correction, considering second- or third-degree ligaments are usually not corrected correctly in a conservative way, which can generate permanent instability in the joint. One of the surgical treatment options is an arthrosis, in which stabilization is performed using plates and screws, limiting joint movement. A dog was seen at the University Hospital of Uniso, in Sorocaba, a dog complaining of limping of the left hind limb, edema and pain, after physical examination and complementary exams, it was diagnosed with metatarsal tarsal dislocation and after performing preoperative exams, it was submitted to the arthrodesis procedure, the surgery is uneventful and improves the patient's edema and locomotion quality, who is still in postoperative follow-up. In the present report, the objective is to report the care of a dog with metatarsal tarsal dislocation, in addition to the treatment instituted.

The Transfer of Power in Kingdoms and the Dynamics of the Political Processes in Western Han

This paper investigates the interaction between the state system stability and the kingdoms system stability in the Western Han Empire, according to The Records of the Grand Historian written by Sima Qian and The Book of Han by Ban Gu. The stability of kingdoms system determines by the rate of legitimacy of the transfer of power in the kingdoms. The research also sheds a light on the reasons of the violation of the order of succession, including the rate of violent deaths of princes in the kingdoms. The paper quantitatively proves that the stability of the state system in Western Han requires the permanent instability at the level of kingdoms.

Growing up trends in Russia and foreign countries: common and specific

The purpose of the present article is to analyze growing up trends and specific features of life trajectories of young people in Russia and foreign countries. The key factors accompanying the process of maturation of representatives of Millennial and Z generations include prolongation of the educational process and of acquiring financial independence, expansion of youth boundaries, non-linearity and diversity of life paths, specific cyclicity of “personal” events occurring. The research demonstrates that the life in the context of global risk society and permanent social instability requires young people to develop specific skills, willingness to constantly change and good adaptive abilities. It is also highlighted that the 21st century maturation patterns are influenced by the socio-cultural, economic, political specificities and traditions of a certain country or region. For example, the Anglo-Saxon model of maturation involves a desire for early separation from parents; countries with a strong social support system (Northern Europe), by contrast, are characterized by rather late maturation; societies with weak state welfare systems or with strong family traditions (Southern Europe, Latin America, Afro-Asian countries) usually rely on family resources and support from relatives; the transition from youth to maturity in the developed countries of Asia has a distinctive glocal nature. The mode of growing up in some regions (usually involved in armed conflicts) is subject to the regulations of survival in extreme situations. Russia is characterized by Pan-European and local maturation trends, as the life trajectories of Russian youth are significantly influenced by regional differences. The author also makes an assumption regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these trends.

International Order and the Access Problem of the Defeated Hegemon: the Case of Russia in the Post-Cold War Era

It has been evident that Russia as the heir of Soviet foreign policy, could neither achieve to integrate herself into the international order, nor could the international order achieve to find a solution to Russian foreign policy identity quest. As long as Russia cannot find a stable and permanent status for herself in the world politics, her foreign policy will signify a permanent instability on the behalf of the international order. The current hegemonic international order is far from residing technical capabilities in terms of satisfying Russia’s foreign policy expectations, because it is unprecedentedly rigid in terms of allowing or refusing the incorporation of hegemonic power like Russia. While it cannot return to multipolarity, it could not set a community based international order either. Since the current international order was founded upon liberal anti-Soviet values, it entered into a lightness of exposing Russia to make clear-cut choices in her foreign policy. As much as the current international order was founded upon liberal anti-Soviet values, its demands from the new members would much higher that especially Russia would not easily adapt herself to.

Our little clinic

Abstract The text critically tackles the prevailing ideology, which convinces us that mental health problems are a matter of the individual (everyone must take care of themselves!), not the society in which one is situated in; the ideology which does not question the predominant forms of work in capitalism. In art professions it is characteristic to work in ways which cause the most stress and psychological distress (constant flexibility, mobility, precariousness, permanent instability, troubles in balancing work and life). The artist seems to be the ideal modern worker. The main thread of interest in the article is whether there is a correlation between the level of mental distress and the predominant forms of the specific work of the artist, not related to the nature of his work (vulnerability, working with one’s emotions, connections with the intimate) but social, economic and ideological context in which his work takes place.

Diasporic Condition: Jane Jin Kaisen’s Strange Meetings And Its Tracing Of Ambiguous Colonial Vestiges

ABSTRACT Jane Jin Kaisen’s 2017 video work, Strange Meetings, documents the inside and surroundings of a former STD (sexually transmittable disease) treatment center for prohibiting the spread of STD among the U.S. GIs as part of the “Clean-Up Campaign” during the 1970s, located near Soyo Mountain in Dongducheon-si, South Korea. This essay questions how the figure of diaspora expressed through art helps trace the contemporary vestiges of colonial violence, and raises a fundamental question to the notion of national community. I argue that Strange Meetings critically revisits South Korea’s nationalist historiography by foregrounding a metaphor of diaspora that, according to Stuart Hall, while signaling its “permanent instability” as a historical marker, exceeds binary structures of representation: such as, literal/figurative, past/present, and them/us. In Strange Meetings, diasporic identities are kaksŏri, a cross-dressed wandering performer, a “vocal” survivor of the camp town prostitution, and the art work itself that is multidimensional, alterable, and globetrotting installation – all of which, I conceptualize borrowing Ann L. Stoler’s terms, constitute “ambiguous colonial vestiges.” The attempts to find fault of the nationalist and misogynous hegemony from within, especially through subaltern voices, have been greatly constrained in South Korea since the Korean War (1950–3). Strange Meetings, however, shows that when they are set in motion, they lend one of the most powerful impetuses for the feminist critique against the intimate tie between the U.S.’s neocolonial occupation of South Korea and Korean patriarchal nationalism.

The invention of hypoxia.

The word "hypoxia" has recently come to the attention of the general public on two occasions, the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 2019 and the recent COVID-19 pandemic. In the academic environment, hypoxia is a current topic of research in biology, physiology, and medicine: in October 2020, there were more than 150,000 occurrences of "hypoxia" in the PubMed database. However, the first occurrence is dated to 1945, while the interest for the effects of oxygen lack on the living organisms started in the mid-19th century, when scientists explored high altitude regions and mainly used the terms "anoxia" or "anoxemia." I therefore researched online through multiple databases to look for the first appearance of "hypoxia" and related terms "hypoxemia" and "hypoxybiosis" in scientific literature published in English, German, French, Italian, and Spanish. Viault and Jolyet used "Hypohématose" in 1894, but this term has not been used since. Hypoxybiosis first appeared in 1909 in Germany, then hypoxemia in 1923 in Austria, and hypoxia in 1938 in Holland. It was then exported to the United States where it appeared in 1940 in cardiology and anesthesiology. The clinical distinction between anoxia and hypoxia was clearly defined by Carl Wiggers in 1941. Hypoxia (decrease in oxygen), by essence variable in time and in localization in the body, in contrast with anoxia (absence of oxygen), illustrates the concept of homeodynamics that defines a living organism as a complex system in permanent instability, exposed to environmental and internal perturbations.

Discoid lateral meniscus instability in children. Part I - Clinical presentation of instability combined with MRI and arthroscopic findings

Objectives:The initial clinical presentation of the discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) in children is highly variable and can be difficult to assess. The aim of this study was to focus on the meniscal instability associated with DLM and to correlate clinical, MRI and arthroscopic data.Methods:Between 2008 and 2018, 93 children and adolescents with 114 DLMs who underwent surgery in a referral center were included. Based on the anamnesis and clinical data, three types of meniscal instability of increasing severity were defined: occasional ("lock"), regular ("clock") and permanent ("block") instability. These findings were correlated with preoperative MRI data and arthroscopic findings according to Ahn’s classification, and as a result we were able to propose a DLM classification based on clinical or MRI data or both combined.Results:A wide variety of presentations was noted with 18 different types when clinical, MRI and arthroscopic characteristics were combined. 94% of the symptomatic DLMs for which surgery was performed showed instability due to meniscocapsular separation. Clinically, there were "lock", "clock" and "block" instability in 2%, 50% and 31% of DLMs respectively. Preoperative MRI indicated no meniscal shift and an anterocentral, posterocentral or central shift in 41%, 9%, 22% and 28% of the DLMs, respectively. Arthroscopic findings indicated no lesions, or an MC-A, MC-P or PLC type lesion in 6%, 46%, 15% and 33% of DLMs respectively. The most frequent presentations were “clocked” knees with MC-A lesions and “blocked” knees with PLC lesions. Only in 60% of the cases was a good level of correspondence noted between the different data.Conclusion:The association of meniscal instability and symptomatic DLM in children should be accepted as a certainty. “Locked”, “clocked” and “blocked” knees could represent different stages of increasing severity in the natural history of DLM instability.

Глобальный рынок катастрофного финансирования и перспективы его формирования в РФ

The article is devoted to the development of instruments for catastrophe risk financing. The state of the global market for disaster risk financing is analyzed in order to identify the main development trends and the possibilities of using conceptual approaches in the Russian practice of the financial market. It is proven that the development of the catastrophe bond market has prospects in conditions of permanent instability, since catastrophe bonds are unique and highly attractive due to the lack of correlation with macroeconomic events. It is suggested that the instruments of catastrophe risk financing can be considered in the context of the development of sustainable finance. The paper identifies the main problems slowing down the development of the Russian catastrophe bond market, and formulates proposals aimed at developing the market for insurance-linked securities (ILS) in the Russian Federation. Pilot CAT bonds emission prospectuses should be based on structured bonds, with elements of a subordinated bond. There is a need to introduce into the Russian legal field a term defining ILS as a category. It is proposed to register special purpose vehicles (SPVs) and catastrophe funds in Russian offshores. The Russian analogue of catastrophe funds should be a closed-end investment fund with high funding for qualified investors. It is proposed to update the formula for calculating the creation of and the procedure for using reserve funds, in particular with the use of catastrophe risk financing tools. A pilot issue of CAT bonds is proposed to be conducted on behalf of VEB.RF, as bonds sponsoring regions exposed to high natural risks. In the process of developing socially responsible investor practice and tools for socially responsible investments, it is suggested to establish a Russian “Green Index” and to create green ETFs in Russia. Due diligence (DD) approaches are recommended for decisions on issuing catastrophe bonds.

Взаимоотношения ФРГ с государствами Северной Африки

The article examines the process of the growing German political and military activity in North Africa during the second half of the 2010s. The first key reason of this process was the new awareness of the regional role in the ensuring of Germany’s and the EU security. During and after the “Arab Spring”, the interstate “corridor of instability” arose. It went from Mali further to Niger and Libya which has been facing permanent instability after the intervention of the group of Western countries (2011, without German participation). The full-fledged functioning of the “corridor of instability” could cause the worse version of the refugee crisis and growing terrorist activity than it was in the EU in 2015–2016. The second reason was the necessity to ensure Berlin`s strong political-military positions in North Africa for the realization of Germany`s ambitions as a future world power. The research examines the features and “narrow places” of interstate cooperation in the security sphere between Germany and Tunisia, Egypt, Algeria. Germany became a senior partner for Tunisia in 2015–2017, and positioned these relations as exemplary. Since 2015–2016, Germany and Egypt have been supporting the realization of each other’s leadership ambitions. The key elements of this tactic have been the cooperation in Syrian and Libyan armed conflicts regulation and launch of the EU–LAS negotiation format (2019). The article also shows the dynamics of partnership between Germany and Algeria, paying special attention to bilateral cooperation in the sphere of the Mali, Libyan and Western Sahara conflicts regulation. The transition of Germany’s bilateral relations with Egypt and Algeria to the level of advanced cooperation in the second half of 2010s caused a powerful growth of the FRG`s arms export to these countries. At the beginning of 2020, Germany launched the multilateral Berlin conference for resolution of the Libyan conflict. Germany’s late but rather successful involvement in the Libyan conflict management should ensure its efforts to become the external participant of the North African regional security system. The paper concludes about the perspectives of the FRG`s political-military line in the region considering the factor of COVID 19 pandemic.

Young People and Political Activism in Moldova

The election of a Socialist and pro-Russian candidate in December 2016 as president of Moldova marks a new turn in Moldovan politics. This is in contrast with the pro-Western attitudes of the previous government. Political instability and changing international orientations, as emphasized by this article, are partly due to political alternative victories of parties supported by different social groups. Focusing on young people's activism, the article underlines the differentiation between the political success made possible by street protests in April 2009 and the political failure in December 2016. The findings may add a new explanation to Moldova's permanent instability.

Western Balkan : „Divide Et Impera “ – Or Why Opposed Interests Of The Great Powers Generated Permanent Instability Of The Region

Western Balkan : „Divide Et Impera “ – Or Why Opposed Interests Of The Great Powers Generated Permanent Instability Of The Region

التفاعلات والقضايا الإقليمية في الشرق الأوسط من منظور النظرية الواقعية

This research attempts to explain the permanent conflict in the region of Middle East since the beginning of the Twentieth century. Hence, the Middle East has a complex regional system consisting of countries whose borders were formed by the international powers to serve their interests without regard to the interests of its peoples. Consequently this region has become the focus of non-ending conflict in the past, present and perhaps in the future. Since the theory of realism is one of the most theories of international relations, the foundations of which are not complicated to explain the international conflicts and have a clear and specific vision for international actors and how to interact between them. We have made an effort to add them to explain the permanent conflict in the Middle East and through it is clear that the Middle East in general is divided into three dimensions of conflicts of the countries which are having contradictory interests: the Iranian-Saudi conflict, the Turkish-Middle East policies, and the Israeli’s conflict in the Middle East. Each of these interactions, based on regional hegemony and domination of the major states in the Middle East, has brought this region in line with the direction of its foreign policy. The consequences of these regional interactions, the region is on a consistent of a state of permanent instability.

Conflict of international and regional strategies and the future of wars in the Arab region "Political stability or political chaos"

The Arab region is of great importance as an important part of the Middle East for both international and regional powers.This importance has placed it and its peoples in the suffering of international and regional interventions and has placed it in a state of permanent instability as it witnessed international and regional competition that increased significantly after the US intervention in Iraq in 2003. Accordingly, the research aims to shed light on the strategic directions of the global and regional powers by knowing their objectives separately, such as American, Russian, Turkish, Israeli and Iranian. The course aims at determining the future of this region in terms of political stability and lack thereof. Therefore, the hypothesis of the research comes from [that the different strategic visions and political and economic interests between the international and regional powers have exacerbated the conflicts between those forces and their alliances within the Arab region.. The third deals with the future of the Arab region in light of the conflict of these strategies.
 Accordingly, the research reached a number of conclusions confirming the continuation of international and regional competition within the Arab region, as well as the continuation of the state of conflict, tension, instability and chaos in the near term, as a result of the inability of Arab countries to overcome their political differences on the one hand and also their inability to advance their Arab reality. In the face of external challenges on the other.

SCYTHIAN SWORD FROM SLOVIANSK

Recently new chance find of the Scythian long sword was presented in the Sloviansk regional museum. Thanks to attention of activists and officials, it was restored in a proper manner.
 The sword has zoomorphic antenna pommel, triangular crossguard and long blade with grooves. Due to analogies from the burials, this sword dates by the middle — late 5th century BC. Similar finds are known from Beresniahy, barrow 4, Aktash, barrow 48 and others.
 This period was time of permanent conflicts and instability in Northern Black Sea region. For example, such prominent sites as Motronyn and Western Bilsk hillforts became desolate. It is interesting that range of 5th century BC bladed weapon was very wide.
 At the same time, Sloviansk region was sparsely populated frontier of the Scythian culture. However, there are known some individual weapon chance finds and separated burials. They are located near the watershed rout that later was named Muravskii way. We can assume that they mark area of nomad’s strategic interests and points of clashes for the salt lakes and fertile floodplains in the Siverskii Dinets basin. In addition, it should be noted that hypothesis about chance finds of swords as remains of Ares’s altar has no reliable evidences.