Permanent Instability Research Articles

Do we need early ankle arthroscopy for the patients with acute lateral ankle instability

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Lateral ankle injury is the most frequently encountered trauma in physically active populations. The general approach to acute lateral ankle instabilities is conservative treatment.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We investigated the effects of compliance to conservative treatment on permanent instability and other intra-articular pathologies and the outcomes of insufficiently treated lateral ankle instability. These patients underwent conservative treatment for at least 3 months. At the end of this period, anterior ankle arthroscopy was performed for patients who continued to report ankle problems. The patients were grouped according to compliance and noncompliance with conservative treatment.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The rate of compliance for conservative treatment was 41.4%. Arthroscopy revealed that the rate of osteochondral lesions of the talus was 45.3%; 51.6% of the patients had partial or complete lateral ankle ligament injury. The rate of lateral ankle instability was significantly lower in patients who were compliant with conservative treatment (39.6% vs. 60%, p<0.05). Lateral ankle instability was accompanied by osteochondral defects in only 5 patients who were compliant with conservative treatment.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> For ankle injuries associated with lateral ankle instability, conservative treatment can decrease instability levels and other pathologies, which may become chronic over time. However, arthroscopy may be required due to ankle pathologies accompanying instability and an early decision for arthroscopy may reduce the incidence of permanent lateral ankle instability.</p>

INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO BUDGETING ACTIVITIES OF INSURERS IN THE CRISIS ON THE UKRAINIAN INSURANCE MARKET

Traditional budgeting, despite the critical comments regarding this management tool, is widely used in many medium and large enterprises, including insurance companies. The authors propose an innovative approach to budget management in insurance companies, based on the hyperdynamics feature, permanent instability of today's business environment in the country generally, in the insurance market particularly, and specifics of insurance. In particular, it is a combination of traditional budgeting and non-budgetary methods of financial planning.

Indian Interference in Balochistan: Analysing the Evidence and Implications for Pakistan

An Indian serving naval officer, Kulbhushan Yadav got arrested by the law enforcement agencies of Pakistan in March 2016, when he was trying to enter Pakistan from the Saravan region, located in Balochistan, Pakistan. India’s involvement has created serious implications for the national security and economic progress of Pakistan. Furthermore, this may eventually lead to permanent instability in the region. The United Nations (UN) was also provided with the dossiers of the Indian patronage to the insurgent groups in Balochistan by the Government of Pakistan (GoP) regarding terrorist activities being funded and monitored by the Research Analysis Wing (RAW) ─ the Indian intelligence agency. The paper argues that the Indian interference in the neighbouring countries, particularly in Pakistan, is causing instability. It will try to examine the Indian interference in its neighbouhood in the light of The Arthashastra, a book written by Kautilya during the Chandragupta Maurya’s reign. What choices does a resilient Pakistan have in order to counter the consequences of a hegemonic India in the light of Kautilya’s theory? Suppression of an immediate neighbour (Pakistan) and friendship with the distant neighbours (Afghanistan and Iran) is what the theory suggests.

ВПЛИВ ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19 НА ЗМІНУ ЗАГРОЗ ДЛЯ ЗРОСТАННЯ БІЗНЕСУ В УКРАЇНІ

Quarantine has paralyzed business activity in all parts of the world. For Ukrainian entrepreneurs, this test has complicated the already difficult economic situation. This article analyzes how the priority of business development threats has changed since the beginning of the pandemic in the world. With the onset of the pandemic, the greatest threat to business development was the risk associated with human capital, which outpaced the risk of the supply chain and the return to territorialism. Contrary to the global trend, in Ukraine this year the risk of staff shortages has moved from the first line, where it has been for the last few years, to the fourth. In particular, a characteristic feature of the labor market in Ukraine has been the large scale of hidden unemployment with a relatively small scale of growth of officially registered unemployment. Moreover, the Ukrainian labor market was negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in several areas. First, the development of the situation on the Ukrainian labor market is influenced by changes in the segment of the national economy, the operation of which is focused on the domestic market of Ukraine. Secondly, in that segment of the national economy, the functioning of which is focused on the foreign (world) market. Third, the development of the situation on the Ukrainian labor market is influenced by changes in the current situation with the direct migration of labor from Ukraine abroad. After all, Ukraine is a fairly large net exporter of labor and labor services on the world market. This approach to the analysis of the Ukrainian labor market in terms of the impact of endogenous (external) factors on its development in a pandemic provides an opportunity to build more reasonable scenarios for the transformation of this market depending on the further course of the COVID-19 pandemic in the world. The pandemic has led to a rethinking of the urgency and importance of digital transformation. Company executives mostly point to the acceleration of digitalization during quarantine. The pandemic has led to a rethinking of the urgency and importance of digital transformation. Company executives mostly point to the acceleration of digitalization during quarantine. The pandemic has also led to a major overhaul of supply chains, both for its suppliers and for the company as a provider of services and goods. Assessing the prospects of Ukrainian business in a pandemic, it should be borne in mind that it has long learned to work under permanent political and economic instability and uncertainty.

The Rikers Island Hot Spotters: Exploring the Needs of the Most Frequently Incarcerated.

A cohort of frequently incarcerated individuals in the New York City jail system was identified through "hot spotting" analysis. This group demonstrated higher levels of substance use, mental illness, and homelessness than the general jail population, and was typically incarcerated on minor criminal charges. To understand this population better, in-depth interviews (n = 20) were conducted at three Rikers Island correctional facilities with people who had entered the jail system at least 18 times in a six-year period. Findings showed that life circumstances, chronic homelessness, mental illness, and substance use resulted in repeated institutionalization across multiple settings. Participants described an "institutional circuit" that promoted a state of permanent instability characterized by rotating involvement with custodial institutions. Exiting the institutional circuit requires the ability to navigate complex bureaucratic systems; however, without structural reorganization in social service delivery and an emphasis on permanent housing, participants in this group are unlikely to break the cycle.

Propiocepción en esguinces de tobillo a partir de ejercicios y vendajes

Ankle sprains are the most common injuries in sports, usually causing damage to the lateral ligaments. Recurrence has as usual result permanent instability, and thus loss of proprioception. This fact, together with residual symptoms, is what is known as chronic ankle instability, CAI, or FAI, if it is functional. This problem tries to be solved by improving musculoskeletal stability and proprioception by the application of bandages and performing exercises. The aim of this study has been to review articles (meta-analisis, systematic reviews and revisions) published in 2009-2015 in PubMed, Medline, ENFISPO and BUCea, using keywords such as “ sprain instability” , “ sprain proprioception” , “chronic ankle instability” . Evidence affirms that there does exist decreased proprioception in patients who suffer from CAI. Rehabilitation exercise regimen is indicated as a treatment because it generates a subjective improvement reported by the patient, and the application of bandages works like a sprain prevention method limiting the range of motion, reducing joint instability and increasing confidence during exercise. As podiatrists we should recommend proprioception exercises to all athletes in a preventive way, and those with CAI or FAI, as a rehabilitation programme, together with the application of bandages. However, further studies should be generated focusing on ways of improving proprioception, and on the exercise patterns that provide the maximum benefit.

The Colour Revolutions in the Post-Soviet Space: Illusion and Reality of the Post-Soviet Civil Disobedience

The political events that took place at the end of 2003 in Georgia, in 2004 in Ukraine and in 2005 in Kyrgyzstan are popularly called the Rose, Orange and Tulip Revolution or collectively: the Colour Revolutions in the post-Soviet space. At first glance the term “revolution” may seem appropriate. The Colour Revolutions have resulted in the regime change in all the three states. However, from a decade-long perspective one may notice that the revolutionary changes in the political systems of Georgia, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan did not actually take place. The post-revolutionary reality: the Russian-Georgian war and criminal charges against the revolutionary Georgian President Micheil Saakashvili, theinfamous ending to the political career of the revolutionary leader Victor Yushchenko just four year after the Orange Revolution and the spectacular collapse of the Victor Yanukovych regime, which led to a hybrid warfare with Russia, or Kyrgyzstan’s permanent political instability following the revolutionary events of 2005 require yet another insight into what has happened in Tbilisi, Kiev, and Bishkek. Without an in-depth analysis of the events, it is impossible to understand the fundamental social and political dynamics of the ongoing and future changes in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus or Central Asia. The re-evaluation of the Colour Revolutions is not only of historical importance, though. It is also a universal lesson concerning the most important challenge that all the democratic social movements active in the authoritarian or post-authoritarian states have to face: how to manage large-scale civil disobedience protests of a disappointed society while the ruling governments do not follow democratic rules and the international community does not fully comprehend the significance of the ongoing changes.

Groove model of tibia-femoral osteoarthritis in the rat.

ABSTRACTSeveral experimental models of osteoarthritis in rats are used to study the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. Many mechanically induced models have the limitation that permanent joint instability is induced by, for example, ligament transection or meniscal damage. This permanent instability will counteract the potential beneficial effects of therapy. The groove model of osteoarthritis uses a one‐time trigger, surgically induced cartilage damage on the femoral condyles, and has been validated for the canine tibia‐femoral compartment. The present study evaluates this model for the rat knee joint. The articular cartilage of the weight bearing surface of both femoral condyles and trochlea were damaged (grooved) without damaging the underlying subchondral bone. Severity of joint degeneration was histologically assessed, in addition to patella cartilage damage, and subchondral bone characteristics by means of (contrast‐enhanced) micro‐CT. Mild histological degeneration of the surgically untouched tibial plateau cartilage was observed in addition to damage of the femoral condyles, without clear synovial tissue inflammation. Contrast enhanced micro‐CT demonstrated proteoglycan loss of the surgically untouched patella cartilage. Besides, a more sclerotic structure of the subchondral bone was observed. The tibia‐femoral groove model in a rat results in mild knee joint degeneration, without permanent joint instability and joint inflammation. This makes the rat groove model a useful model to study the onset and progression of post‐traumatic non‐inflammatory osteoarthritis, creating a relatively sensitive model to study disease modifying osteoarthritic drugs. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 35:496–505, 2017.

Global Distribution of Zones of Enhanced Risk for the Ionospheric Weather

Regions of the permanent ionosphere instability are identified with 24h daily global W-index maps produced from Global Ionospheric Maps of Total Electron Content, GIM-TEC, provided by Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Planetary Wp index derived from hourly W-index maps from January, 1999, to present, is used to compile Catalogue of more than 270 ionospheric storms which comprise 8% of total database, and the rest represents quiet conditions. The positive storm percentage occurrence (enhanced electron density, pW + ) and negative storm occurrence (depleted electron density, pW ) are analyzed in space and time showing dependence on solar activity (SA) and seasons for the global ionosphere and its adopted 240 sub-domains (of latitude bins equal to 10o in the polar regions and 20 ° elsewhere and 15 ° hourly longitude bins). A global occurrence of pW

Instability-Induced Mixing of Ferrofluids in Uniform Magnetic Fields

The advantages of ferrofluids in microfluidic lab-on-a-chip applications include remote control of the fluid flow within the chips, e.g., mixing of the species using an external uniform magnetic field. Hence, three-stream flow systems consisting of a ferrofluid core clad by two streams of diamagnetic silicone oil were studied. The instability of the ferrofluid, subjected to an external uniform magnetic field, was also studied. When the strength of this magnetic field was increased to a critical value, the ferrofluid was spread toward the silicone oil and a transient instability developed at the ferrofluid–silicone oil interface. Further increasing magnetic field resulted in periodic instability structures and permanent instability. The effect of magnetic field strength, flow rate, and flow rate ratio were determined. With a higher flow rate ratio, the permanent instability was observed only at the larger magnetic field strength. Our modeling results were consistent with these experimental results. Our work shows that an external uniform magnetic field of only a few millitesla can lead to instability and mixing, thus it is relevant to mixing in practical microfluidic devices.

Інноваційна модернізація економіки як основа реалізації національних економічних інтересів

Необхідність нашого дослідження можна пояснити тим, що вирішення проблем у розвитку системи господарювання, які виникли в кризових умовах перманентної політичної та економічної нестабільності, інституціональної невизначеності, потребує розробки система заходів, спрямованих на задіяння рушійних сил економічної трансформації. Основою для таких суспільних перетворень є впровадження в практику соціально-економічних перетворень ефективних моделей співвідношення економічних інтересів та інноваційної модернізації економіки як основи їх досягнення.
 Мета дослідження – виявлення ролі інноваційної модернізації економіки у формуванні та реалізації національних економічних інтересів. Методи наукового дослідження – абстрактно-логічний, статистичний, індукції та дедукції.
 На основі оцінки активізації рушійних сил економічної трансформації визначено необхідність упровадження в практику перетворень ефективних моделей формування економічних інтересів. Обґрунтовано необхідність формування і розвитку інноваційної модернізації економіки як основи досягнення рівня конкурентоспроможності національної системи господарювання, адекватного цілям і потребам трансформаційного періоду в умовах посилення глобальної конкуренції. Запропоновано шляхи узгодження економічних інтересів представників бізнес-структур із національними економічними інтересами України.
 Розкрито роль держави у формуванні інституційного середовища, визначенні найбільш ефективних економічних форм і методів управління інноваційною модернізацією національної економіки. Запропоновано заходи консолідації зусиль усіх учасників інноваційної модернізації економіки, які передбачають синтез положень неокласичної та неокейнсіанської доктрини з діями держави, адаптованими до сучасних реалій України, механізмами ринкової саморегуляції.
 У подальших дослідження запропоновано здійснити розробку інституційного середовища конкуренції економічних інтересів суб’єктів господарювання, умотивування їх до діяльності у сфері новітніх технологій.
 Табл. 1. Бібл. 16.

A nova gestão pública na Inglaterra: a permanente instabilidade da reforma neoliberal

RESUMO: A reforma da educação na Inglaterra tem sido intimamente associada a um programa mais amplo da nova gestão pública, centrado na reforma dos serviços públicos. Este artigo analisa as características deste programa de reformas inspirado na NGP, tendo em vista que o sistema educacional inglês se deslocou de uma forma cívica e de proteção social ("cívico-welfarista") para um modo em que o neoliberalismo despontou em ascendência. Atenção particular é dada tanto aos aspectos centralizadores da reforma, em que tem havido um acentuado aumento na intervenção do governo central na educação, quanto aos aspectos descentralizadores da reforma, incluindo a criação de escolas como unidades de negócios e a mercantilização da educação em termos mais gerais. As origens das reformas estão situadas em uma construção discursiva de uma crise educacional, inspirada na Nova Direita, que encontrou posterior expressão em uma série de alterações na legislação que emergiram de e cimentaram um consenso educacional trans-político-partidário que já perdura por mais de trinta anos neste contexto. Este artigo examina os efeitos dessas reformas da NGP na educação na Inglaterra, e as continuidades e descontinuidades entre as diferentes administrações políticas, considerando que a Inglaterra passou por sucessivas ondas de reformas até chegarmos a um período pós-NGP. Concluímos que a permanente instabilidade do sistema educacional inglês pode ser identificado nas tensões que atingem o próprio âmago do processo da NGP, de formas que, antecipamos, continuarão a perturbar um setor rapidamente privatizador.

Paradoxes in social networks with multiple products

We show that various paradoxes can arise in a natural class of social networks. They demonstrate that more services or products may have adverse consequences for all members of the network and conversely that restricting the number of choices may be beneficial for every member of the network. These phenomena have been confirmed by a number of empirical studies. In our analysis we use a simple threshold model of social networks introduced in Apt and Markakis (2011), and more fully in Apt and Markakis (2014). In this model the agents, influenced by their neighbours, can adopt one out of several alternatives. We identify and analyze here four types of paradoxes that can arise in these networks. These paradoxes shed light on possible inefficiencies arising when one modifies the sets of products available to the agents forming a social network or the network structure. One of the paradoxes corresponds to the well-known Braess paradox in congestion games and shows that by adding more choices to a node, the network may end up in a situation that is worse for everybody. We exhibit a dual version of this, according to which removing a product available to an agent can eventually make everybody better off. The other paradoxes that we identify show that by adding or removing a product from the choice set of an agent may lead to permanent instability. Finally, we also identify conditions under which some of these paradoxes cannot arise.

Richard Kirby and the Tjaringin Murders A Western Response to the Indonesian Revolution, 1946

On 17 April 1946, seven Australian war crimes investigators left the military perimeter British troops were maintaining around the city of Batavia and travelled into an anarchic, lawless Javanese hinterland, rife with different Indonesian revolutionary militants fighting the Dutch and each other. As they entered the kampong of Tjaringin, north of Bogor, automatic rifle fire hit their car. Two men died immediately; a third was found days later in a nearby ditch, shot in the back of the head. Amid outrage in the Australian press, External Affairs Minister H. V Evatt announced he was sending an Australian judge, Richard Kirby, to investigate the killings. This article analyses Kirby's trip to Indonesia and his approach to the task of locating and bringing to trial the murderers.Kirby's task was a microcosm of the challenge the West faced in responding to the nationalist uprisings that convulsed postwar Asia. Those uprisings, at times marked by violent antiforeign sentiment, raised for Western nations the spectre of permanent instability and anarchy impeding their interests and influence: O.S.S. officer Peter Dewey's murder in Vietnam the year before had similarly encapsulated this issue for the United States. Yet by the end of the 1940s, Western policymakers had for the most part moved from supporting formal colonialism to supporting the formation of independent states run by Asian nationalists. Australia's support for the Indonesian Republic in its struggle against Dutch rule was an early example of this shift. It so happened that Kirby's 1946 Java mission coincided with a period of backtracking in Australia's progressive attitude to the Indonesian question: indeed, Kirby's minister at times expressed qualms with Kirby's approach.

The Permanent Instability of Capitalism

This is a short article in two parts, discussing some theoretical issues around the present crisis. It tries to avoid repeating points made in earlier articles. The first part discusses why the capitalist class will not invest, in the context of a declining capitalism, and clears the ground for a forthcoming article on the long-term effects of the end of the Cold War on capitalism, arguing that decline has been hastened. The second part discusses the falling rate of profit, broadly rejecting it as an explanation of the current depression.

Restructuring Brazil's National Financial System

This work focuses the recent development of the Brazilian Financial System and its institutions. It initially presents an overview of the credit market in the post-Real Plan period. After stabilization, financial institutions had to be completely reformed. A very conservative and successful regulatory framework was created to avoid the permanent instability of the past. The paper also analyses the impact of the rapid credit growth after 2004 and the role of state-owned banks to compensate the impact of the international crisis of 2008. It is important to note that the process of formulation and implementation of the financial market reforms was not the result of a previous strategic planning, but a response based on the past experience of the internal and external crises and the political opportunities, which were created after 1994.

Space, Aesthetic Power, and True Falsity in The Known World

On the wall of a small jail in Edward P. Jones's fictional Manchester County hangs a map of World. Florida does not exist on the sixteenth-century map; North America is too small, and nameless. But the map's owner, local sheriff John Skiffington, is satisfied with the Known as he knows it, flawed or not (Jones 174-75). Skiffington is holding together a flawed world of his own in Manchester, where wealthy landowners control the law, vindictive slave patrollers flout the law, and black slaveholders severely complicate the law. It is this last group, the black slaveholders, who confound and fascinate both the characters of Jones's 2003 novel and its readers. One slave overseer, Moses, [takes] more than weeks to come to understand that someone wasn't fiddling with him and that indeed a black man, Henry Townsend, two shades darker than himself, owned him and any shadow he made (8-9). Most critics and scholars have centered their work around this issue of black slaveholders, (1) along with the book's long view of time, which allows readers to see what the future holds for many of Manchester's large cast of characters (as well as the fate of the doomed county itself). (2) Sheriff Skiffington's out-of-date map, however, also points toward a type of geographical rubric at play in the novel, which draws attention to a marriage between space and structures of power. Throughout, The World highlights the roles of space and place in establishing and perpetuating systems of thought, and when we approach the novel from that angle, we find sketches for a productive action of resistance against those systems that is rooted in aesthetic power and modeled by the novel itself. The key form of resistance Jones's novel will position against the categories and boundaries that insist we can know the world--and the form of resistance that has been little discussed beyond reference to its climactic instantiation on the book's final pages--is an aesthetics that resists linearity and the idea of space as stable, truthful, and natural. It is this aesthetics I will describe as insisting upon a that reveals and reinscribes the systems of thought that underlie, manufacture, and disguise the arbitrary nature of the boundaries and borders with which we construct and assign meaning to space. Systems of power tend to benefit from a double move--a false falsity--by both constructing space and disguising its constructed nature. The true falsity modeled in and by The World reinscribes systems and spaces while highlighting (in fact, celebrating) the impermanent and arbitrary nature of inscription. That is, a true falsity is a falsity that is not disguised. In this view, productive action insists on staying in-production: a permanent productivity demands a permanent instability and a never-fully-known world. Productive action, then, cannot be defined as following one specific trajectory or philosophy. Productive action must be action that refuses the convenient stability of closure or definition. For all its radical refusal of closure, however, this model functions happily in an apparently stable (intricately-plotted, in fact) novel. The World is coherent and comprehensible to a degree not often seen in works with such a postmodern agenda. This coherent instability is perhaps among its most important contributions to the contemporary novel. It illustrates and demonstrates the work of art that does more than simply expose or explode our conceptions of truth and art. It holds the ideas of time, space, and structure up for interrogation while utilizing the productive possibilities of such restricted forms as the novel and the sculpture. In this way, it refuses surrender or submission to anarchy as options in a world where unchallenged systems of power create real-life horrors. Productive art, in this model, straddles the same line as productive action: it exposes the realities of artistic space and then reinscribes that space in a way that insists no inscription is permanent. …

Abuse of psychoactive substances among adolescent

Substance abuse by the adolescent is one of the serious problems of modern society. In addition to putting the lives of the young in danger, substance abuse among the adolescent population affects the entire society and threatens to cause permanent instability of the society. Substance abuse is tied with numerous risks and problems. Besides the negative health effects, it comes together with numerous risky behaviors and the exposure to danger. Due to such circumstances, there exists a need to react and create a prevention program. Numerous researches are aimed at studying the aspects of substance abuse in adolescence and arriving at results that will help suppress this significant problem. Most commonly examined are individual and psychological factors, interpersonal factors, influence of society and its components, various social and biological factors. It has been determined that the pursuit of sensations, social confrontation, direct aggressiveness, poor school performance and lower level of parental care influence use of drugs and alcohol. It is necessary to examine all consequences that result from substance abuse, as well as the scale and reach of abuse effects. This holds for effects concerning psychosomatic health, behavior, interpersonal relationships, and social functioning. Substance abuse among adolescent population is a global problem, regardless of the development stage of a certain society, its characteristics, culture, economic factors, education system and other aspects. By comparing data from various studies from around the world, this work aims to clarify the aspects of substance abuse among adolescents and provide a new insight into this complex problem.

Coalitions: Permanent instability or reinforcing democracy?

Coalitions: Permanent instability or reinforcing democracy?

Strategic tools in China/strategic tools: An investigation into strategy in practice in China

In the last decades, we have been observing an increasingly dynamic and turbulent environment, where change seems to be something unavoidable and ubiquitous. This scenario of permanent instability has boosted strategy significance since its object of study is the relationship between organizations and their environment. Besides, the increased complexity agonizes the limitations of human cognition and increases bias in strategic decisions. Under this prism, companies throughout the world search for strategic practices that enable them to handle the environment volatile conditions. Therefore, strategic tools such as SWOT Analysis, Scenario Analysis or Balanced Scorecard have progressively gained importance in organizational life. Some literature also indicates that strategy tools are important to create a sense of organizational direction and to improve strategic thinking. Moreover, companies invest vast amount of resources (for example, time, money, intellectual capital) in acquiring and implementing the tools. There have not been that many studies concerning strategic tools use around the world. For a more meaningful observation of strategic tools use in a wider geographical area we have conducted a strategic tools use survey in Mainland China. The study was spread out to Beijing city, Shaanxi province and Shanxi province and 158 questionnaires were collected. From our survey, we found that SWOT analysis is the most used tool, and followed by PEST Analysis, Brain Storming and Resource Analysis. In addition, our findings in regard to large size companies show that they consider strategic tool increase the rational of the decision making and helped to clarify the strategy of the company. Key words: Strategic tools, strategy-as-practice, China.