Permanent Incapacity For Work Research Articles

Prospects for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in Ukraine to Reduce Mortality Due to Non-Communicable Diseases: The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic and russian Aggression

Today, in Ukraine, as in the world, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are an urgent problem that goes beyond public health. NCDs determine significant economic and demographic losses as a result of temporary and permanent incapacity for work, a drop in labor productivity, costs of medical care and premature mortality. More than 86% of premature deaths from NCDs occur in low- and middle-income countries, including Ukraine. Reducing premature mortality from non-communicable diseases was chosen as one of the targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development under Goal 3 Good health and well-being.
 A threat to the achievement of this and related targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in the world and in Ukraine was the successive combined negative impact of a complex of factors due to the pandemic of the coronavirus disease and the aggression of the Russian Federation.
 The aim of the work is to assess the dynamics of mortality due to non-communicable diseases by selected causes of death based on the monitoring of national indicators of the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals in Ukraine within the framework of the targets of Goal 3. Good health and well-being; identify and analyze a complex of factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s aggression that influence these changes; substantiate the assumptions regarding the prospects for the implementation of the targets set by the country in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in the area of the epidemiological situation regarding non-communicable diseases (in particular, regarding the reduction of mortality from them).
 The assessment of the pre-war situation and changes during the COVID-19 pandemic for the period 2019–2021 was carried out on the basis of data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine on mortality from non-communicable diseases, which correspond to selected national indicators and data from the monitoring of indicators of SDG: Ukraine. The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2021, 2022, 2023 and data from the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine were used.
 Due to complications in obtaining, summarizing and analyzing statistical data on mortality in Ukraine with the beginning of the large-scale invasion of the Russian Federation, assumptions about mortality shifts according to selected national indicators of the implementation of the targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development are limited by directions.
 As of 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic has slowed progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Agenda in terms of reducing premature mortality from NCDs: according to four of the six national indicators that track progress in this area (3.4.1, 3.4.4, 3.5.1, and 3.5.2) there was a deviation from the planned trajectory and an excess of intermediate results for 2020.
 The aggression of the Russian Federation in Ukraine threatened to an even greater extent the implementation of measures aimed at achieving the selected indicators. Mortality from NCDs (primarily from cardiovascular diseases) is projected to increase by 2022, as well as in the period before the end of the war and in the immediate period after, with a widening gap between the mortality rates of men and women. In particular, with a high degree of probability, we can expect in the coming years, an increase in morbidity and mortality due cerebrovascular diseases, as well as a "rejuvenation" of the age at which a cerebrovascular disaster occurs.
 The main factors, the synergistic effect of which has already determined and will determine in the near future an increase in the risk of dying due to non-communicable diseases, including prematurely, are the difficulty of access to the necessary medical services and medicines; decrease in their availability, including economic, with growing dissatisfaction with the needs of people with NCDs in medical care; disruption of the functioning of medical institutions; delay / inability to receive necessary treatment; increasing the influence of the main risk factors and reducing the possibilities of their minimization; the presence of the majority of the population in a state of stress and the prevalence of the practice of overcoming it due to excessive use of alcohol and tobacco; immediate and distant consequences of the transferred coronavirus disease, especially Long COVID; reduced adherence to treatment and lifestyle changes, etc.
 With every day of the war, the threat of non-fulfillment (incomplete fulfillment) of the tasks set within the framework of Goal 3 to reduce mortality due to NCDs in Ukraine by 2030 deepens. There is a need to review and update national tasks taking into account existing threats and challenges, including in the field of NCDs.

Blindness by Mega Foreign Bodies During Work Accidents: about 2 Cases at CHU IOTA Bamako

Trauma is a frequent reason for consultation in ophthalmological emergencies. The intraocular foreign body (IEB) is the dreaded situation, which can go as far as the functional and even anatomical loss of the eye. The occurrence of ocular trauma as a result of a work accident issevere, often leads to temporary and sometimes permanent incapacity for work. We have reported two cases of foreign bodies; the first case, a 35-year-old woman consulted in our service for eye trauma by fish stoppage occurring as a result of housework; The second case, a 25-year-old young man consulted in emergency 4 days after an eye trauma by falling wood on his head in a traditional gold panning site. The intervention consisted in the extraction of the various foreign bodies.

ARTIGO DE REVISÃOARTROPLASTIA TOTAL DE QUADRIL: INCAPACIDADE LABORATIVA TOTAL E PERÍODO INDEFINIDO PARA QUAIS ATIVIDADES?

INTRODUCTION: Total hip arthroplasty has a high rate of improvement in pain, function and quality of life of individuals undergoing this procedure. However, the hip prosthesis has a period of duration, or “lifespan”, which is influenced by the activities performed by the wearer, creating permanent limitations. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to describe total and permanent incapacity for work activities that generate risks to the health of individuals undergoing hip replacement. METHODOLOGY: This study has an exploratory and descriptive nature, through literature research in Google Scholar, Pubmed, Medline and Scielo databases, review in books, newspapers, journals, scientific articles and national and international consensuses, related to the objective of this work. RESULTS: Consensus and articles bring restrictions, in the long term, after total hip arthroplasty, due to the risks of early wear, dislocation, osteolysis, loosening, higher frequency of reoperations, revisions and their possible complications such as infection, thromboembolic phenomena and death. DISCUSSION: Notably, professions with a high demand in physical activities are associated with a high rate of non-return to work and longer periods of rehabilitation when return occurs. CONCLUSION: Incapacity for work should be individually assessed by a qualified medical expert, however, we suggest considering total and permanent work incapacity for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty in high-demand professions that require weight bearing, contact sports, extremes movements of the hip joint and long periods of standing or walking. Keywords: Hip Arthroplasty, Replacement Arthroplasty, Disabled Person, Statistics on Sequelae and Disability, Health Law, Health’s Judicialization, Functional Residual Capacity.

Evaluating the Impact of Intensive Case Management for Severe Vocational Injuries on Work Incapacity and Costs

Purpose This study investigates the impact of an intensive case management program on sick leave days, permanent work incapacity levels and treatment costs for severe vocational injuries set up by the French National Insurance Fund in five health insurance districts. Methods The method employed relies on a four-step matching procedure combining Coarsened Exact Matching and Propensity Score Matching, based on an original administrative dataset. Average Treatment effects on the Treated were estimated using a parametric model with a large set of covariates. Results After one-year follow-up, workers in the treatment group had higher sickness absence rates, with 22 extra days, and the program led to 2.7 (95% CI 2.3–3.1) times more diagnoses of permanent work incapacity in the treatment group. With an estimated yearly operational cost of 2,722 € per treated worker, the average total extra treatment cost was 4,569 € for treated workers, which corresponds to a cost increase of 29.2% for the insurance fund. Conclusions The higher costs found for the treatment group are mainly due to longer sick leave duration for the moderate severity group, implying higher cash transfers in the form of one-off indemnities. Even though workers in the treated group have more diagnoses of permanent work incapacity, the difference of severity between groups is small. Our results on longer sick leave duration are partly to be explained by interactions between the case managers and the occupational physicians that encouraged patients to stay longer off-work for better recovery, despite the higher costs that this represented for the insurance fund and the well-documented adverse side effects of longer periods off-work.

A declaration of permanent incapacity to serve as a condition for compulsory dismissal of a police officer from service

The article analyzes the issue of permanent incapacity to work, which is the premise for obligatory dismissal of police officers from service. The reflections are aimed at showing to what extent the statutory regulations in this area should be considered justified. Questions were raised as to whether the catalog of reasons for dismissing an officer from service is a closed catalog. The author referred to the above issue more broadly, indicating whether this catalog exhausts all situations that may constitute the basis for termination of the employment relationship of a police officer, making a distinction in this respect when the employment relationship ends as a result of an act performed by one of the parties to the employment relationship and cases where termination of employment occurs ex lege. The author referred to the nature of the personnel order which was the basis form dismissal from the service of a police officer due to the fulfillment of the condition of permanent incapacity for work confirmed by a medical certificate. The article discusses in detail the issues related to dismissal from service, the admissibility and obligatory application of the consequences in the event of prerequisites, as well as the legitimacy of such a solution. The issues of finality and validity of the decision of the medical commission, which constitute the basis for issuing a personal order on dismissal from service, were also discussed.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints and quality of life among administrative technicians.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders comprise muscle, tendon, synovial, nerve, fascial and ligament injuries alone or combined, with a proven or not relationship with work. They manifest as pain, paresthesia, feeling of heaviness and fatigue, and may cause temporary or permanent incapacity for work. To establish the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and quality of life of administrative technicians at a public institution who used computers at work for 5 years. The sample comprised 70 administrative technicians aged 20 to 69 who used computers at work for 5 years. We analyzed the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints by means of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and quality of life with SF-36. Interviews were performed in the workplace. The data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 and the significance level was set to 5%. SF-36 domain scores were considered satisfactory for all the participants. Prevalence of pain in the past 7 days (70%) and past 12 months (77.1%) was high. The lower back was the body site most frequently involved (38.6%). The prevalence of pain in several body sites was high among the analyzed administrative technicians. Pain might interfere with their work and lead to sick leave spells. Clinical assessments and interventions are needed to minimize this problem.

Do poor health behaviors have an impact on the transition from sick leave to disability pension?

Abstract Background High age, being a woman, and having low socioeconomic status are among the important risk factors for transitioning from sickness absence (SA) to disability pension (DP). But, little is known about the effect of poor health behaviors, although there are indications that poor health behaviors increase the risk of both SA and DP. The aims were to study the associations between three poor health behaviors (current smoking, high alcohol consumption and low physical activity levels) and DP among individuals who recently been sickness absent, and to explore whether having multiple poor health behaviors increased the risk of transitioning from SA to DP. Methods This prospective cohort study included 1991 twin individuals aged 20-46 who participated in a survey in 2005 and who had been on long-term SA in the two years preceding baseline (date of answering the survey) data collection of health behaviors (smoking, alcohol and physical activity) and relevant covariates. The participants were followed up for incident all-cause DP until the 31st of December 2012 (mean follow-up 5.2 years). National register data of SA and DP were used, and the association between each health behavior and DP was estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. The results are presented as Hazard Ratios (HR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). Results Results showed that compared to never smoking, current smoking was associated with a higher risk of transitioning from SA to DP (HR 1.76, 95%CI 1.08-2.84). Alcohol use, lack of physical activity or having several poor health behaviors showed no significant associations. Conclusions Being a current smoker influences the risk of transitioning from SA to DP. Poor health behaviors are well established risk factors for poor physical and mental health. Hence, from a public health perspective it is important to emphasize the value of improving health behaviors in general but also among people with a history of SA. Key messages Many factors including health behaviors influence the risk of transitioning from sickness absence to permanent work incapacity in terms of disability pension. Supporting people on sickness absence to improve their health behaviors, e.g. smoking cessation, could be a promising approach to prevent exit from the labor market through disability pension.

Profile of disability retirement among civil servants at Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 2012-2016.

ABSTRACT |Background: Disability retirement, an outcome of permanent incapacity for work, represents 14.5% of pensions granted by the Brazilian National Social Security Institute. However, there are no data available for civil servants.Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of disability retirement among employees of Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) in the period from 2012 to 2016.Methods: Cross-sectional study in which we analyzed the following variables: age, sex, total working time, years of work at FIOCRUZ, position and reason for retirement as per ICD-10 codes. The significance level was set to p=0.05 and all the data are presented with 95% confidence interval.Results: The prevalence of disability retirement in the analyzed period was 113/10,000 employees. Employees granted disability retirement benefits worked about 9 years less. Odds for disability were higher for technicians (prevalence ratio-PR=6.83) and technical assistants (PR=7.67). Mental and behavioral disorders were the main reason for disability retirement (38.71%).Conclusion: Noncommunicable diseases are the main cause of disability retirement. We call the attention to the need to revise the legislation that establishes mandatory retirement after 24 months of sick leave. An interdisciplinary occupational health surveillance approach is necessary to obtain accurate knowledge of the actual situation in workplaces and of the impacts of work processes.

Occupational Diseases among Workers in Lower and Higher Socioeconomic Positions.

Background: To determine differences between workers in lower and higher socioeconomic positions (SEP) in incidences of occupational disease (OD) and incapacity for work due to ODs. Methods: From a Dutch dynamic prospective cohort of occupational physicians (OPs), ODs assessed by OPs were retrieved for lower and higher SEP groups. Results: Among the lower SEP, musculoskeletal disorders, and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) comprised two-thirds of the OD diagnoses. Among the higher SEP, stress/burnout comprised 60% of the OD diagnoses. Temporary and permanent incapacity for work due to work-related lower back disorders and repetitive strain injuries differed significantly between workers in lower compared to higher SEP. Conclusions: Occupational diseases occur at a 2.7 higher incidence rate for workers in lower SEP compared with higher SEP. Incapacity for work varies between the type of OD and the level of SEP.

Constitucionalización y protección de derechos fundamentales en el contrato de seguros . Análisis jurisprudencial - corte constitucional de Colombia

Este artículo tiene como objeto dar a conocer la tendencia a la “constitucionalización” del Derecho de Seguros y la protección excepcional de la Corte Constitucional a los denominados “Sujetos de Protección Constitucional”. Lo anterior se representa en la manera en que un asegurado o beneficiario de una Póliza Vida Grupo en “estado de indefensión” mediante una acción de tutela solicita hacer efectivos los amparos de muerte o incapacidad total y permanente sin cumplir con los requisitos contractuales y legales para acceder a dichas coberturas. La posición de la Corte Constitucional, teniendo en cuenta que prevalece el derecho sustancial sobre el procesal, se basa en los principios de solidaridad, inmediatez y subsidiaridad, cuando se invoca la protección de los derechos fundamentales a la vida, mínimo vital, vivienda digna, igualdad, seguridad social entre otros. Se resalta que dicha tutela constitucional, se ha presentado en casos en los cuales las Compañías Aseguradoras han negado el pago de la Indemnización bajo el argumento de haber sido el asegurado reticente por tratarse de una enfermedad preexistente o cuando, por el transcurso del tiempo, el asegurado o beneficiario de la póliza pierde la posibilidad de ejercer el derecho de acción por haber operado el término de prescripción contemplado en la ley Colombiana para el Contrato de Seguros.

The Impact of Education and Occupation on Temporary and Permanent Work Incapacity

Abstract This paper investigates whether education and working in a physically demanding job causally impact temporary work incapacity (TWI), i. e. sickness absence and permanent work incapacity (PWI), i. e. the inflow to disability via sickness absence. Our contribution is to allow for endogeneity of both education and occupation by estimating a quasi-maximum-likelihood discrete factor model. Data on sickness absence and disability spells for the population of older workers come from the Danish administrative registers for 1998–2002. We generally find causal effects of both education and occupation on TWI. Once we condition on temporary incapacity, we find again a causal effect of education on PWI, but no effect of occupation. Our results confirm that workers in physically demanding jobs are broken down by their work over time (women more than men) but only in terms of TWI.

Associations between childbirth, hospitalization and disability pension: a cohort study of female twins.

BackgroundAs the literature on long-term effects of childbirth on risk of morbidity or permanent work incapacity (DP) is limited, we aimed to study associations of childbirth with hospitalization and DP, adjusting for familial factors.MethodsThis cohort study included female twins, i.e. women with twin sister, born 1959–1990 in Sweden (n = 5 118). At least one in the twin pair had their first childbirth 1994–2009. Women were followed regarding all-cause and cause-specific (mental or musculoskeletal diagnoses) DP during year 2–5 after first delivery or equivalent. Associations between childbirth, hospitalization and DP were calculated as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsWomen who did not give birth had markedly higher number of DP days/year compared to those giving birth. Hospitalization after first childbirth was associated with a higher HR of DP. Those hospitalized at least once after their first childbirth had a three-fold DP risk (HR: 3.2; 95% CI 1.1–9.6), DP due to mental diagnoses (HR: 3.2; 1.2–8.8), and of DP due to musculoskeletal diagnoses (HR: 6.1; 1.6–22.9). Lower HRs in the discordant twin pair analyses indicated that familial factors may influence the studied associations.ConclusionsWomen who did not give birth had a much higher risk for DP than those who did. Among those who gave birth, the risk for DP was markedly higher among those with a previous hospitalization, and especially in women with repeated hospitalizations. The results indicate a health selection into giving birth as well as the importance of morbidity for DP.

Sickness absence in Poland after socio-economic transformation

The aim of the analysis was to determine the magnitude and causes of the sickness-related temporary incapacity for work in Poland, and to identify changes in sickness absence and its differences by the type of economic activity and region. This analysis is based on the 2006-2012 data on sickness absence compiled from medical certificates of temporary incapacity for work and published by the Social Insurance Institution (Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych). The sickness absence is described in terms of the number of sick leave days relative to the number of the employed or insured people. In 2012, the number of days of disability per one employed was 14.5 (12.1 men, 17.4 women), representing 3,98% of the time lost due to illness. The main causes of absence were: complications of pregnancy and mother's diseases during pregnancy (33% of the sick leave days in women), injury and poisoning (men: 24%; women: 8%), diseases of the musculoskeletal system (men: 17%; woman: 11%). The highest level of sickness absence was noted in the łódzkie, ślaskie and warmińsko-mazurskie provinces (38-19% higher than nationwide) and in the administrative and support sectors (22.2 days per 1 employee), when analyzed by sectors of the national economy. The high increase in sickness absence over the recent 7 years due to cancer, mental and muscloskeletal disorders may be an important risk factor for early assessment of permanent incapacity for work. Another major problem is female sickness absence due to pregnancy complications and mother's diseases during pregnancy.

Sleep Patterns as Predictors for Disability Pension Due to Low Back Diagnoses: A 23-Year Longitudinal Study of Finnish Twins

Impaired sleep patterns are known to be associated with many chronic conditions and ultimately they may lead to permanent work incapacity. Less is known about the associations between sleep patterns and cause-specific disability pensions, such as low back diagnoses, or whether familial factors (genetics and family environment) can affect the associations. The objective of this study was to investigate sleep patterns as predictors of disability pension due to low back diagnoses with a 23-year follow-up. A prospective cohort study with comprehensive mailed questionnaires about sleep patterns, e.g., quality and length of sleep in 1975 and 1981. Follow-up from the national disability pension register data until 2004. Not applicable. There were 18,979 individuals (7,722 complete twin pairs) born before 1958. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Disability pension due to low back diagnoses had been granted to 467 individuals during the follow-up. Sleeping moderately well (HR 1.25; 95% CI 1.02, 1.53), or fairly poorly/poorly (HR 2.05; 95% CI 1.53, 2.73) at baseline predicted a significantly higher risk for disability pension. Stable patterns of sleeping either fairly well (HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.01, 1.64), or stably fairly poorly/poorly (HR 2.29; 95% CI 1.49, 3.52) between 1975 and 1981 were associated with a higher risk as compared to a stable pattern of sleeping well. Furthermore, a decrease in quality of sleep from 1975 to 1981 was associated (HR 1.34; 95% CI 1.03, 1.76) with an increased risk of disability pension. Sleep quality and changes in sleep quality appear to be early predictors for disability pension due to low back diagnoses independently from other confounding factors.

The Impact of Education and Occupation on Temporary and Permanent Work Incapacity

This paper investigates whether education and working in a physically demanding job causally impact temporary work incapacity, i.e. sickness absence, and permanent work incapacity, i.e. the inflow to disability via sickness absence. Our contribution is to allow endogeneity of both education and occupation by estimating a quasi-maximum-likelihood discrete factor model. Data on sickness absence and disability spells for the population of older workers come from the Danish administrative registers for 1998-2002. We generally find an independent role of both education and occupation on temporary work incapacity only. Having at least primary education reduces women's (men's) probability of temporary work incapacity by 16% (38%) while working in a physically demanding job increases it by 37% (26%). On the other hand, conditional on sickness absence, the effects of education and occupation on permanent work incapacity are generally insignificant.

Health-related risk factors for disability pensions due to musculoskeletal diagnoses: A 30-year Finnish twin cohort study

There is a need to better understand work incapacity due to musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and the factors that contribute to being granted disability pension (DP) with such disorders. A twin cohort study would serve a powerful tool responding to this knowledge gap by providing information on factors affecting DP when controlling for family background. The purpose was to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for DP due to any MSD (n=1,819) and specifically due to osteoarthritis (OA, n=677) in a twin cohort of 24,043 people over a 30-year follow-up. Data on twin pairs from a mailed questionnaire during the baseline year of 1975 were followed up with register data regarding DP, emigration, old-age pension, and death. For statistical analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard ratios were estimated. Baseline musculoskeletal pain, frequency of use of analgesics, body mass index, and chronic diseases, as well as education and social class were significant risk factors for DP due to MSD at follow-up in both sexes. These factors were also the significant predictors of DP due to OA in men. In women, DP due to OA was best predicted by baseline musculoskeletal pain and lower social class. The risk of DP due to MSD and OA seemed to be influenced by comorbidities, educational level and social class. Analyses of twin pairs discordant for DP confirmed the results. Accumulated health problems and chronic conditions during the life course may lead to permanent work incapacity.

Evaluating and redressing harm linked to iatrogenic pain

Iatrogenic pain may arise after any medical intervention. Patients who consider the intensity and impact of the pain to be significant, such as to affect their personal, social and professional life, may request compensation. Since the law of 4 March 2002 came into effect, two non-exclusive possibilities exist: referral to the judicial, civil or administrative systems, or to the regional commission for the conciliation and compensation of medical accidents (CRCI). The latter will only admit the charge if certain criteria relating to the seriousness of the pain are fulfilled. In both cases, medical expertise is required to check the nature of the information provided to the patient, to determine whether any errors were made (the absence of which would suggest a case of therapeutic risk) and to ensure that the pain is being correctly managed. Compensation depends on the duration of partial temporary or partial permanent incapacity for work, on the suffering endured, and on professional losses and loss of amenities linked directly to the iatrogenic pain. Whilst certain, particularly intense instances of chronic pain are admissible by the CRCI, the large majority of cases of iatrogenic pain simply require acknowledgement and early care provision in order to limit their effects.

Permanent Incapacity in Social InsuranceThe Evaluation of Permanent Incapacity for Work in Social Insurance.

Permanent Incapacity in Social Insurance<i>The Evaluation of Permanent Incapacity for Work in Social Insurance</i>.

New Formulas for the Calculation of the Probabilities which occur in the Question of Invalidity, or Permanent Incapacity for Work

It is one of the fundamental theorems of the Doctrine of Probability that, “If a compound event consists in the concurrence of two or more independent simple events, that is, events the happening or failing of any of which has no influence on the happening or failing of any of the others, the probability of the compound event is equal to the product of the probabilities of the simple events.”