Permanent Eye Damage Research Articles

Simulation of Changes in Tensile Strain by Airbag Impact on Eyes After Trabeculectomy by Using Finite Element Analysis.

We studied the kinetic phenomenon of an airbag impact on eyes after trabeculectomy using finite element analysis (FEA), a computerized method for predicting how an object reacts to real-world physical effects and showing whether an object will break, to sequentially determine the responses at various airbag deployment velocities. A human eye model was used in the simulations using the FEA program PAM-GENERISTM (Nihon ESI, Tokyo, Japan). A half-thickness incised scleral flap was created on the limbus and the strength of its adhesion to the outer sclera was set at 30%, 50%, and 100%. The airbag was set to hit the surface of the post-trabeculectomy eye at various velocities in two directions: perpendicular to the corneal center or perpendicular to the scleral flap (30° gaze-down position), at initial velocities of 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 m/s. When the airbag impacted at 20 m/s or 30 m/s, the strain on the cornea and sclera did not reach the mechanical threshold and globe rupture was not observed. Scleral flap lacerations were observed at 40 m/s or more in any eye position, and scleral rupture extending posteriorly from the scleral flap edge and rupture of the scleral flap resulting from extension of the corneal laceration through limbal damage were observed. Even in the case of 100% scleral flap adhesion strength, scleral flap rupture occurred at 50 m/s impact velocity in the 30° gaze-down position, whereas in eyes with 30% or 50% scleral flap adhesion strength, scleral rupture was observed at an impact velocity of 40 m/s or more in both eye positions. An airbag impact of ≥40 m/s might induce scleral flap rupture, indicating that current airbags may induce globe rupture in the eyes after trabeculectomy. The considerable damage caused by an airbag on the eyes of short-stature patients with glaucoma who have undergone trabeculectomy might indicate the necessity of ocular protection to avoid permanent eye damage.

Ozonated Oil in Liposome Eyedrops Reduces the Formation of Biofilm, Selection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, and Adhesion of Bacteria to Human Corneal Cells.

The recent attention to the risk of potential permanent eye damage triggered by ocular infections has been leading to a deeper investigation of the current antimicrobials. An antimicrobial agent used in ophthalmology should possess the following characteristics: a broad antimicrobial spectrum, prompt action even in the presence of organic matter, and nontoxicity. The objective of this study is to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of widely used ophthalmic antiseptics containing povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, and liposomes containing ozonated sunflower oil. We determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on various microbial strains: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 33591), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027), and Escherichia coli (ATCC 873). Furthermore, we assessed its efficacy in controlling antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and bacterial adhesion. All three antiseptic ophthalmic preparations showed significant anti-microbicidal and anti-biofilm activity, with the liposomes containing ozonated sunflower oil with the highest ability to control antibiotic resistance and bacteria adhesion to human corneal cells.

Investigation of functional connectivity in Bell's palsy using functional magnetic resonance imaging: prospective cross-sectional study.

The most common cause of lower motor neuron facial palsy is Bell's palsy (BP). BP results in partial or complete inability to automatically move the facial muscles on the affected side and, in some cases, to close the eyelids, which can cause permanent eye damage. This study investigated changes in brain function and connectivity abnormalities in patients with BP. This study included 46 patients with unilateral BP and 34 healthy controls (HCs). Resting-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) images were acquired, and Toronto Facial Grading System (TFGS) scores were obtained for all participants. The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) was estimated, and the relationship between the TFGS and fALFF was determined using correlation analysis for brain regions with changes in fALFF in those with BP versus HCs. Brain regions associated with TFGS were used as seeds for further functional connectivity (FC) analysis; relationships between FC values of abnormal areas and TFGS scores were also analyzed. Activation of the right precuneus, right angular gyrus, left supramarginal gyrus, and left middle occipital gyrus was significantly decreased in the BP group. fALFF was significantly higher in the right thalamus, vermis, and cerebellum of the BP group compared with that in the HC group (P<0.05). The FC between the left middle occipital gyrus and right angular gyrus, left precuneus, and right middle frontal gyrus increased sharply, but decreased in the left angular gyrus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, inferior cerebellum, and left middle temporal gyrus. Furthermore, the fALFF in the left middle occipital gyrus was negatively correlated with TFGS score (R=0.144; P=0.008). The pathogenesis of BP is closely related to functional reorganization of the cerebral cortex. Patients with BP have altered fALFF activity in cortical regions associated with facial motion feedback monitoring.

Finite element analysis of changes in tensile strain and deformation by airbag impact in eyes of various axial lengths

PurposeAirbags have substantially reduced mortality and morbidity, while ocular injuries caused by airbags have been reported. We applied a three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) model we have established for evaluation of the deformation of an intact eyeball of various axial lengths induced by an airbag impact at various impact velocities.MethodsA model human eye we have created was used in simulations with an FEA program, PAM-GENERIS™ (Nihon ESI, Tokyo, Japan). The airbag was set to impact eyes with various axial lengths of 21.85 mm (hyperopia), 23.85 mm (emmetropia) and 25.85 mm (myopia), at initial velocities of 30, 40, 50 and 60 m/s. Changes in the shape of the eye and the strain induced were calculated. Deformation of the eye in a cross-sectional view was displayed sequentially in slow motion.ResultsWe found that considerable damage, such as corneal or scleral lacerations, was observed especially at higher impact velocities, such as 50 or 60 m/s, in eyes with any axial length. Deformation was most evident in the anterior segment. The decrease rate of axial length was greatest in the hyperopic eye, followed by the myopic eye, and the emmetropic eye.ConclusionsIt was shown that hyperopic eyes are most susceptible to deformation by an airbag impact in this simulation. The considerable deformation by an airbag impact on the eye during a traffic accident shown in this study might indicate the necessity of ocular protection to avoid permanent eye damage.

Https://zancojournal.su.edu.krd/index.php/JPAS/article/view/189

The impact of smartphone on human health are still being tested and studied. This study estimates the effect of tiny screens of smartphones on eye defects such as myopia, Hyperopia, Astigmatism, Eye dryness and regarding the way which students in the college of science-Salahaddin University-Erbil use cellphones in their daily lives. In the first part of this study, the auto-refractometer device (21- 36111) have been used to test the eye refractive errors of 350 students (94 male,256 female). The student’s ages are about 18 (50 male,130 female) and 22 (44 male,126 female) years old and all the tests have been carried out at the medical physics laboratory in our department. Nearly, 46% and 40 % of the 18- and 22-years old students’ eyes respectively have been suffered from vision defects. In the second part, Schirmer's check was used to test dry eye disease (DED). Among 112 students, 27%, 16%, 28.5%, and 28.5% of students have normal, mild, moderate, and severe eye dryness respectively. Overall, according to the above results and questionnaire survey, the eye problems caused by the smartphone tiny screens are related to the time duration which an individual spends in front of the smartphone’s screen and also the operation mode of the smartphone. The way students use smart devices, as well as their exposure to blue light from mobile devices like smartphones and laptops, increases the risk of visual disorders including emmetropia, particularly astigmatism, and even permanent eye damage.

Solar Eclipse Induced Retinopathy: A Case Report

Purpose: To report a case of solar eclipse induced retinopathy. Case Report: A 19 years old male presented to Chittagong Eye Infirmary and Training Complex with a 4-day history of bilateral central scotoma following 10-15 minutes of direct sun-gazing during the solar eclipse on 26th December 2019. On general examination, he was of normal built and height for his age. Upon ocular examination, his BCVA was 6/9 in both eyes. Slit-lamp microscopic examination showed clear cornea in both eyes. Pupils of both eyes were round, regular and reacting. Lens was clear in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed discrete yellow lesions at the fovea of both eyes. Optical coherence tomography scanning showed corresponding retinal pigment epithelial defects in both eyes. The patient was managed conservatively with regular follow-up and counseling was done regarding guarded visual prognosis. Conclusion: Observing a solar eclipse directly can cause permanent eye damage hence public awareness of the dangers should be encouraged.

Co-grafts of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Retina Organoids and Retinal Pigment Epithelium for Retinal Reconstruction in Immunodeficient Retinal Degenerate Royal College of Surgeons Rats.

End-stage age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are two major retinal degenerative (RD) conditions that result in irreversible vision loss. Permanent eye damage can also occur in battlefields or due to accidents. This suggests there is an unmet need for developing effective strategies for treating permanent retinal damages. In previous studies, co-grafted sheets of fetal retina with its retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) have demonstrated vision improvement in rat retinal disease models and in patients, but this has not yet been attempted with stem-cell derived tissue. Here we demonstrate a cellular therapy for irreversible retinal eye injuries using a “total retina patch” consisting of retinal photoreceptor progenitor sheets and healthy RPE cells on an artificial Bruch’s membrane (BM). For this, retina organoids (ROs) (cultured in suspension) and polarized RPE sheets (cultured on an ultrathin parylene substrate) were made into a co-graft using bio-adhesives [gelatin, growth factor-reduced matrigel, and medium viscosity (MVG) alginate]. In vivo transplantation experiments were conducted in immunodeficient Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats at advanced stages of retinal degeneration. Structural reconstruction of the severely damaged retina was observed based on histological assessments and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Visual functional assessments were conducted by optokinetic behavioral testing and superior colliculus electrophysiology. Long-term survival of the co-graft in the rat subretinal space and improvement in visual function were observed. Immunohistochemistry showed that co-grafts grew, generated new photoreceptors and developed neuronal processes that were integrated into the host retina. This novel approach can be considered as a new therapy for complete replacement of a degenerated retina.

Diabetic retinopathy and retinal screening awareness amongst female diabetic patients at a day hospital diabetic clinic in Cape Town, South Africa

Background: Most eye complications presenting at a diabetic clinic are preventable; however, few patients are aware of the importance of regular diabetic eye examinations. Diabetes causes diabetic retinopathy (DR), yet retinal screening provides an opportunity to refer for appropriate treatment and prevention of avoidable blindness.Aim: The aim of this research was to evaluate the awareness levels of DR and retinal screening procedures amongst female diabetic patients.Setting: The study was conducted at Site B day clinic, situated in Khayelitsha in Cape Town, South Africa.Methods: Data collection involved a self-developed and administered questionnaire. Two research assistants, trained in ethical research, assisted in administering the instrument and data collection over an 8-week period.Results: Data were collected from 149 randomly selected female diabetic patients. Approximately, three-quarters (71.1%, n = 106) had knowledge about DR and the importance of retinal screening, and most (79.2%, n = 118) agreed that diabetic disease can lead to blindness. Whilst 63.1% (n = 94) of respondents understood the importance of screening, just over three-quarters (75.8%, n = 113) felt that all people should attend retinal screening even though 80.4% (n = 119) agreed that DR leads to permanent eye damage. Significantly, 60.4% (n = 90) felt that attending retinal screening sessions may delay the need for spectacles. Just over half (53.0%, n = 79) felt that cultural and spiritual beliefs influenced the respondents’ attendance for retinal screening.Conclusion: Whilst respondents were, in general, well aware of the risks associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and DR and knowledge of retinal screening was relatively good, the survey found that in the respondents’ opinion, attending the retinal screening caused delays in getting new spectacles because this screening was a prerequisite for referral for spectacles.

The effect of implementation of evidence-based eye care protocol for patients in the intensive care units on superficial eye disorders

BackgroundSuperficial eye disorders are one of the most common complications of improper eye care in intensive care units that can lead to corneal ulcers and permanent eye damage. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the implementation of eye care protocol on the incidence of infection and superficial eye disorders in patients admitted to intensive care units.MethodsThis study was a cross-over clinical trial that was performed on 32 patients admitted to the intensive care unit with reduced or no blink reflex following loss of consciousness or receiving sedatives. The eye of the test group received eye care according to the protocol and the eye of the control group received the routine care of the ward. The data collection form included demographic and clinical information and the clinical score scale of superficial eye disorders, which were completed in 7 days for both eyes. Data analysis was performed by McNemar and Cochran tests with a 95 % confidence interval.ResultsIn the study of superficial eye disorders, the frequency of dacryorrhea and hyperemia was not significantly different in the second to seventh days in the control and test eyes (P < 0.05). The frequency of xerophthalmia was not significantly different between the control and the test eyes on the second to third days (P < 0.05), but there was a significant difference on the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh days (P = 0.0001). Also, the frequency of corneal opacity was not significantly different in the second and third days (P < 0.05), but in the fourth (P < 0.05), fifth, sixth, and seventh days, this difference was significant (P = 0.0001).ConclusionsBased on the results, although the implementation of eye care protocol has been able to have a significant effect on reducing ocular complications and problems, routine eye care in the intensive care unit also has clinical effectiveness. Therefore, in order to prevent and completely eliminate eye disorders in the intensive care unit, more evidence and research are needed.Trial registrationThe trial was retrospectively registered on https://en.irct.ir/trial/43493 on 13 November 2019 (13.11.2019) with registration number [IRCT20140307016870N5].

Overview of Non-infectious Uveitis, Mechanisms, Immunopathology, Classification, and General Clinical Findings

Uveitis is the inflammation of the anterior, intermediate, or posterior uvea, the pigmented part of the eye. Uveitis can be infectious or non-infectious presented as autoimmune and immune-mediated. Non-infectious uveitis is the most common type of uveitis. It can be idiopathic or secondary to systemic diseases. Differential diagnosis is important, if early diagnosis and treatment are not applied, permanent eye damage can occur. In this review, an overview of non-infectious uveitis is examined with the mechanism, immunopathology, and classification.

Smartphones and vision

Many people spend too much time using their smartphones. Contrast, small screen size, resolution, image repetition frequency and screen reflection will cause characteristic ocular symptoms. The objective of this study is to describe the ophthalmological symptoms in persons who spend a large number of hours using electronic devices. For this purpose, a search was conducted in the Pubmed and MED line database to find the appropriate articles. The most frequent ocular manifestation after prolonged use of smartphones without care for eye hygiene were ocular complaints, such as tiredness, eye irritation, blurred vision and transient, but marked elevated intraocular pressure. Early and adequate recognition of ophthalmic symptoms that may be associated with the using smartphones for many hours and the implementation of appropriate management can protect against the occurrence of late complications in the form of permanent eye damage.

Pseudotumour cerebri associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and treatment with levofloxacin: a case report

BackgroundIdiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumour cerebri syndrome (PTCS), is characterized by the presence of signs and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure without evidence of any intracranial structural cause and with normal cerebrospinal fluid microscopy and biochemistry.Obesity, various systemic diseases and endocrine conditions, and a number of medications are known to be risk factors for PTCS. The medications commonly associated with PTCS are amiodarone, antibiotics, corticosteroids, cyclosporine, growth hormone, oral contraceptives, vitamin A analogues, lithium, phenytoin, NSAIDs, leuprolide acetate, and some neuroleptic drugs. In relation to antibiotics, quinolones may cause intracranial hypertension, and most reported cases of quinolone-induced intracranial hypertension were associated with nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, or pefloxacin. Literature reports of levofloxacin-induced PTCS are rare. Some authors recently hypothesized that Mycoplasma pneumoniae may trigger PTCS.Case presentationWe report on a 14-year-old overweight White Italian boy who suffered headache, diplopia, and severe bilateral papilloedema after a Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, exacerbated on levofloxacin intake. A spontaneous improvement in headache and a reduction in diplopia was seen during hospitalisation. Oral acetazolamide therapy led to the regression of papilloedema in about five months. No permanent eye damage has been observed in our patient to date.ConclusionsPTCS pathophysiology may be multifactorial and its specific features and severity may be a consequence of both constitutional and acquired factors interacting synergistically. It may be useful for paediatricians to know that some antibiotics may have the potential to precipitate PTCS in patients who already have an increased CSF pressure due to a transitory imbalanced CSF circulation caused by infections such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, with headache being the first and most sensitive, but also the least specific, symptom.

Corneal Infections Associated with Sleeping in Contact Lenses — Six Cases, United States, 2016–2018

Contact lenses, when worn and cared for properly, are a safe and effective form of vision correction used by an estimated 45 million Americans. However, contact lens wearers are at risk for contact lens–related eye infections, especially when wearers do not practice proper contact lens wear and care habits. These infections, affecting the cornea and known as microbial keratitis (Figure), can lead to serious adverse health outcomes. Because contact lenses are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as medical devices, contact lens–related corneal infections should be reported to FDA as an adverse event. To illustrate their serious health implications, six cases of contact lens–related corneal infection, in which sleeping in lenses was reported as the main risk factor, are presented. Consequences of infection reported among the identified cases included the need for frequent administration of antibiotic eye drops, multiple follow-up medical appointments, and permanent eye damage. Health education measures directed toward contact lens wearers should emphasize raising awareness of the risks of sleeping in contact lenses as well as adherence to all recommendations for the wear and care of contact lenses. Additional measures are needed to educate eye care professionals about the need to report contact lens–related corneal infections to MedWatch, the FDA Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting program (https://www.fda.gov/MedWatch/).

The Potential Hazard Analysis Method of Glare for Photovoltaic near airports or within

With growing numbers of solar energy installations near airports or within, solar glare is becoming an increasing concern. The glare impact which is the potential hazard for pilots and air-traffic control personnel can range from discomfort to disability. First, a review of metrics used to determine safe retinal irradiances was presented. Metrics for both permanent eye damage and temporary after-image effects were included. A summary of safety standards is compiled from the literature to evaluate the potential hazards of calculated irradiances from glare. The impact factors of glare for photovoltaic near airports or within are analyzed. It has presented a new evaluation method based on bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRDF) to evaluate potential glint and glare hazards from specular reflected sunlight for solar Photovoltaic in this paper. The analytical models were then derived to calculate irradiances. Finally, a sample is provided for glare in the airport.

Robust CDR calculation for glaucoma identification

The two major eye diseases that affect human eye is Glaucoma and Diabetic retinopathy. Both these diseases cause permanent eye damage and about 50% of vision loss before identification. Till date early detection of these vision loss causing diseases is challenging. These diseases can be identified only after it has damaged more than 25% of the eye. Glaucoma is caused due to increase in the intraocular pressure that damages the retinal. The inner side of the retina is viewed through a camera called the Fundus Imager. This imager is capable of recording the view of retina with respect to the patient. This procedure makes us capable to identify the damages caused by these diseases in early stages. Detecting the optic disc and cup from a fundus image and calculating the CDR value is a method used to identify glaucoma in its early stages. In this paper we have proposed an automatic process to locate the optic disc and the optic cup from the retinal image. The optic disc is located at the centre of the eyes nervous system. This is the brightest region of the fundus image. The cup which is the inner part of the optic disc is obtained by further segmenting the fundus image. For better results different color planes of the same fundus image is been used. The optic cup to disc ratio is an important factor used to identify glaucoma. Glaucoma patients have a high CDR value. This is mainly due to the increase in the cup diameter. This can also be related to the thinning of the nerve rim.

Analysis of glint and glare produced by the receiver of small heliostat fields integrated in building façades. Methodology applicable to conventional central receiver systems

The “Vertical Heliostat Field” (VHF) concept proposes a solution to integrate solar heliostat fields into urban communities with acceptable optical efficiencies for Concentrating Solar Power systems. It is based on a heliostat field arranged on a vertical surface, conceived to be integrated in a building façade. The glare phenomenon has been identified as a critical aspect for a VHF facility integrated in an urban environment and a potential source of hazard to nearby drivers, pedestrians or neighbors. The main goal of this work is the analysis of potential ocular hazards produced by the VHF. On the bases of the previous formulation, there has been developed a mathematical methodology that has led us to propose a series of general equations and graphs to characterize glare phenomenon produced by the receiver of a VHF, which are also applicable to conventional CSP central receiver facilities. The analysis focuses on temporary and also permanent eye damage hazards. In case of the receiver, the surface delimiting the border for permanent risk and temporary blinding is defined by the distance and the direction (angle) where the observer is placed, relative to the receiver. Thus, this border results in a revolution surface, whose largest section is obtained on the plane perpendicular to the plane of the receiver aperture. General graphs are presented, corresponding to those sections, depending on DNI and optical efficiency of the field and normalized by an areas factor. Integration of a VHF in a urban environment will always imply the establishment of an exclusion zone for vehicles and pedestrians.

Evaluation of Glare at the Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System

Abstract The Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System (ISEGS), located on I-15 about 40 miles (60 km) south of Las Vegas, NV, consists of three power towers 459 ft (140 m) tall and over 170,000 reflective heliostats with a rated capacity of 390 MW. Reports of glare from the plant have been submitted by pilots and air traffic controllers and recorded by the Aviation Safety Reporting System and the California Energy Commission since 2013. Aerial and ground-based surveys of the glare were conducted in April, 2014, to identify the cause and to quantify the irradiance and potential ocular impacts of the glare. Results showed that the intense glare viewed from the airspace above ISEGS was caused by heliostats in standby mode that were aimed to the side of the receiver. Evaluation of the glare showed that the retinal irradiance and subtended source angle of the glare from the heliostats in standby were sufficient to cause significant ocular impact (potential for after-image) up to a distance of ∼6 miles (10 km), but the values were below the threshold for permanent eye damage. Glare from the receivers had a low potential for after-image at all ground-based monitoring locations outside of the site boundaries. A Letter to Airmen has been issued by the Federal Aviation Administration to notify pilots of the potential glare hazards. Additional measures to mitigate the potential impacts of glare from ISGES are also presented and discussed.

Determination of Glint and Glare of Heliostat Fields Integrated on Building Façades.

The “Vertical Heliostat Field” (VHF) concept proposes a solution to integrate solar heliostat fields into urban communities with acceptable optical efficiencies for Concentrating Solar Power systems. It is based on a heliostat field arranged on a vertical surface, conceived to be integrated in a building façade. Glare phenomenon has been distinguished as a critical aspect for a VHF facility integrated in an urban environment, as a potential source of hazard to nearby drivers, pedestrians or neighbors.The main goal of this work is the analysis of potential ocular hazards produced by the VHF. On the bases of the previous formulation, there has been performed a mathematical development that has led us to propose a series of general equations and graphs to characterize glare phenomenon produced by the receiver of a VHF, which are equally applicable to conventional CSP central receiver facilities. It has been distinguished between temporary or permanent eye damage hazards.In case of the receiver, the surface delimiting the border for permanent risk and temporary blinding is defined by the distance and the direction (angle) where the observer is placed, relative to the receiver. Thus, this border results in a revolution surface, whose largest section is obtained on the plane perpendicular to the plane of the receiver aperture. General graphs are presented, corresponding to those sections, depending on DNI and optical efficiency of the field and normalized by an areas factor.Integration of a VHF in a urban environment will always imply the establishment of an exclusion zone for vehicle and pedestrian.

Blunt abdominal trauma to a pregnant woman resulting in a child with hemiplegic spastic cerebral palsy and permanent eye damage

BackgroundIn today's life trauma is a common and important complication of pregnancy and remains one of the major contributors to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.Case presentationThe authors reported a case of 4 years old child with hemiplegic spastic cerebral palsy and permanent left eye damage due to antenatal trauma. He was an off spring to a 33 years old woman gravida 6 para 5 from western Sudan, who sustained a domestic blunt abdominal trauma during her routine daily activities. The abdominal trauma occurred during the third trimester at 36th week gestation of the pregnancy when the mother hit herself by the woody part of an axe non intentionally.ConclusionsThe findings from this case conclude that relatively minor trauma can have significant adverse effects on the fetus and can be devastating.

Occupational ocular accidents amongst Greek endodontists: a national questionnaire survey

To investigate amongst Greek endodontists, the incidence of ocular accidents during practice, the circumstances associated with them, the therapeutic measures taken after the accidents, their compliance with the use of eye protection and their eye care behaviour. One hundred and forty-seven endodontists met the inclusion criteria and were invited to participate in the survey. Data were gathered through interviews based on a questionnaire. Participants were asked for personal/professional data, information on ocular accidents in the past 5years, post-accident actions and the type of eye protection used. Their eyesight status and frequency of ocular examination were also recorded. Data were analysed using chi-square test, independent samples t-test and logistic regression. The level of significance was set at P=0.05. The response rate was 84%. Ocular accidents were reported by 73% of the participants. Amalgam and NaOCl were the foreign bodies most frequently associated with ocular accidents. Medical assistance was sought in 16% of the most recent accidents. No permanent eye damage was reported. Regular use of magnification (OR:0.305, 95%CI:0.123-0.754) and years of clinical experience (OR:0.191, 95%CI:0.066-0.551) were significant predictors for the incidence of ocular accidents. Adequate eye protection was utilized by 82% of endodontists. Endodontists with eyesight deficiencies attended more frequently for ocular examination (P=0.018). A high percentage of endodontists experienced ocular accidents. Regular use of magnification and increasing years in practice were associated with a reduced risk of ocular accidents. The majority of endodontists reported using adequate eye protection.