Permanent Assets Research Articles

Factors affecting the quality of work life for industrial labour force: empirical evidence from a developing country

The success of any organization requires a skilled, competent, and satisfied workforce. If the workforce can be provided with the necessary components to ensure a high quality of working life, they will become permanent assets. Various factors undoubtedly affect the quality of workers' work lives. This study aims to investigate the drivers of the quality of work life in industrial labour force in a developing country, Bangladesh. It enumerated the elements that have an impact on industrial labour force’s quality of work life (QWL). A structured questionnaire was administered to 420 Bangladeshi workers across diverse industries, yielding a commendable response rate of 93.33%. The collected data underwent analysis employing the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. Representative industries and respondents were chosen by random selection. The results revealed that work environment, organizational culture and climate, relationships and cooperation, compensation and rewards, adequacy of resources, autonomy of work, job satisfaction, and security are directly related to the QWL. Training and development, and facilities do not significantly affect QWL. The research results can be used to improve the quality of work life for those working in the industrial sector. An industry may accomplish long-term and short-term goals by maintaining a pleasant workforce. The study's findings will provide policymakers and regulatory authorities of Bangladesh's industrial sector with strategic references and strategies to boost industrial productivity and economic growth for sustainable development by ensuring industrial employees' quality of work life that can serve as a template for Bangladesh.

43 Induced Pluripotent/Totipotent Stem Cells: Inexhaustible Genetic Stocks for Regeneration and Development of Regionally Adapted Climate-Resilient Livestock

Abstract Escalating impacts of climate change present a credible threat to livestock-based food production. Increasing environmental challenges directly affect animal fitness, production performance, and reproductive efficiency with accumulative morbidities and mortality. Albeit extant livestock breeds are adapted to different climate extremes, the steep trajectory of decline in genetic diversity poses a serious threat to the sustenance of livestock farming. After pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) were derived for mice more than 30 years ago, scientists were quick to recognize PSCs as an approach to accelerate livestock biotechnology and assisted reproduction. We posited that core PSC characteristics such as indefinite self-renewal make them ideal for setting up an inexhaustible diploid livestock genetic resource bank. Nevertheless, it has been difficult to derive and sustain naïve PSCs from ruminants. Even reports of generating induced-PSCs (iPSCs) via reprogramming somatic cells that circumvents the embryo and factors such as sex, age or reproductive status, has been crippled with reproducibility issues precluding any livestock applications. In recent systematic studies, we documented two roadblocks: First, that signaling pathways necessary to sustain self-renewal of PSCs from cattle remained unknown. Second, bovine somatic cells have a stable epigenome that is resistant to complete reprogramming to pluripotency. Through systems biology examination of signal homeostasis in the bovine blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM), we uncovered that transforming growth factor (TGF) β effects are actively perturbed in the bovine ICM. This led to the discovery that inhibition of downstream ALK 4/5/7 together with GSK3β and MEK1/2 signaling, supported robust in vitro self-renewal of naïve bovine iPSCs. Simultaneously, we uncovered that epigenetic regulation by the SV40 large T antigen together with the reprogramming genes (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC) could result in not only complete reprogramming, but also cells that are set to a stable ground state of pluripotency akin to totipotent stem cells (TPSCs) seen in 16-cell-stage bovine embryos. Cloning performed using the induced TPSCs (iTPSCs) showed significantly greater efficiency of blastocyst formation. Surprisingly, applying identical methods to murine somatic cells also resulted in iTPSCs that can contribute to placenta formation in vivo indicating that the mechanistic basis for sustaining the ground state of developmental plasticity was conserved across species. These findings have now defined a high-fidelity platform for achieving iPSC-based biotechnologies (gene editing and cloning) and for exploring different ruminant livestock applications that have not been previously practicable. Of central importance, these findings also open a path to establishing a live regenerative repository of inexhaustible diploid livestock that can secure the evolving genetic needs for sustaining animal production into the future. Permanent assets of genetic diversity preserved as iTPSCs would ensure rapid resilience in production, health and fertility through propagating heterosis and enabling genetic fixes for regional climate-resilient livestock phenotypes that better tolerate environmental extremes.

Impact of Lava-Jato Operation on the financial performance of brazilian companies: an event study

This article aims to analyze the impact of Operation Lava-Jato, promoted by the Federal Police of Brazil, on the financial performance of companies listed on the São Paulo Stock Exchange (B3) from 2014 to 2017. This operation revealed the greatest scandal of political corruption in the country, with large amounts of public money transferred to cartels, politicians, and large Brazilian corporations in corruption schemes over the years. Data were collected from 106 Brazilian publicly traded companies related to ten different economic sectors. Documentary research was conducted on financial reports, and information was extracted from 11 different financial variables on the Bloomberg platform. The variable that measured the impact of Lava-Jato Operation was selected considering the increase in the volume of financial information disclosed, and the performance was evaluated by the variable stock price return. Data were analyzed by regression with panel data. The variables that affected financial performance were: multiplicative dummy of the first period, stock price, company size, risk, composition of permanent assets/indebtedness, and permanent assets. This article contributes to understanding the financial context of Brazilian companies, in the face of political and economic instability and corruption. Fluctuations in stock prices in the period studied, given the news released about corruption in Brazil, become a warning for companies to understand the importance of disclosing their financial information to obtain company credibility. Thus, facing the financial market, companies could protect themselves by presenting an emphasis based on financial efficiency, transparency, productivity and the professionalization of their practices.

THE EFFECTS OF INVESTMENTS IN PERMANENT ASSETS ON EMPLOYMENT AND SALARIES BY ENTERPRISE SIZE

This work aims to identify the impact of investments in permanent assets and the sources of these investments on the increase of employment and employee salaries by the size of enterprises. We draw the data from the Financial Statements Annual Bulletin published by the Serbian Business Registers Agency. The data set spans the period from 2014 to 2020. The results show a high, positive, and statistically significant correlation between investments in permanent assets and employees in large, medium, and micro-enterprises. There is a high, positive, and statistically significant correlation between salaries and investments in permanent assets in all group sizes. Long-term liabilities are a substantial source of financing investments in permanent assets in medium, small, and micro-enterprises.

Study on Impact of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on Farming Community and Rural Labour Market in Usilampatti Taluk of Madurai District

The present study was conducted with an intention to study the impact of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on farming community and rural labour market. The study was carried out in Usilampatti Taluk of Madurai district, Tamil Nadu. Totally sixty respondents were selected for the study by using Simple Random Sampling (SRS) method, and they were Personal interviewed to collect the data. The collected data was analysed and tabulated by using the appropriate statistical tool (Percentage analysis). The results of the study showed that MGNREGA has increased the labor wage and affected the agricultural activity among small and marginal farmers of the study area. But it has resulted in the creation of permanent assets in the study area which was a positive impact of MGNREGA.

Three years evaluation of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis absorption costing: perspective of the service provider compared to funds transfers from the public and private healthcare systems.

Introduction:72% of renal replacement therapy (RRT) clinics in Brazil are private. However, regarding payment for dialysis therapy, 80% of the patients are covered by the Unified Health System (SUS) and 20% by private healthcare (PH).Objectives:To evaluate costs for peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) from the perspective of the service provider and compare with fund transfers from SUS and private healthcare.Methods:The absorption costing method was applied in a private clinic. Study horizon: January 2013 - December 2016. Analyzed variables: personnel, medical supplies, tax expenses, permanent assets, and labor benefits. The input-output matrix method was used for analysis.Results:A total of 27,666 HD sessions were performed in 2013, 26,601 in 2014, 27,829 in 2015, and 28,525 in 2016. There were 264 patients on PD in 2013, 348 in 2014, 372 in 2015, and 300 in 2016. The mean monthly cost of the service provider was R$ 981.10 for a HD session for patients with hepatitis B; R$ 238.30 for hepatitis C; R$197.99 for seronegative patients; and R$ 3,260.93 for PD. Comparing to fund transfers from SUS, absorption costing yielded a difference of -269.7% for hepatitis B, +10.2% for hepatitis C, -2.0% for seronegative patients, and -29.8% for PD. For PH fund transfers, absorption costing for hepatitis B yielded a difference of -50.2%, +64.24% for hepatitis C, +56.27% for seronegative patients, and +48.26 for PD.Conclusion:The comparison of costs of dialysis therapy from the perspective of the service provider with fund transfers from SUS indicated that there are cost constraints in HD and PD.

Audit Aset Tetap pada PT. ABC

This paper is about the calculation of depreciation of fixed assets by PT ABC and kap kh auditors in the period 2019, which aims to explain the audit procedures on fixed assets of PT ABC by kap kh auditors, explain the findings of the audit of fixed assets of PT ABC, mention adjustments to the findings of the audit of permanent assets of PT ABC, and explain the impact of the audit findings on the financial statements on PT ABC period 2019. The data source used is secondary data. The data collection technique used is a documentation method. The data analysis method used is the quantitative analysis method. At the time of the audit of PT ABC's fixed assets by implementing audit procedures, there was a difference in depreciation calculation between PT ABC and kap kh auditors. Based on that, adjustment / journal correction is carried out. The difference and adjustment will have an impact on the financial statements, namely the increase in the total financial position statement and the total comprehensive income statement on the income statement of PT ABC for the period 2019.

Učinak ulaganja u stalna sredstva na povećanje broja zaposlenih i njihovih zarada u preduzetnim sektorima

This work aimed to identify the impact of investments in permanent assets on the number of employees by sector and its impact on employee salaries. We draw the data from the Financial Statements Annual Bulletin published by the Serbian Business Registers Agency, representing aggregated data of all enterprises in Serbia and their analysis by sectors. The data set spans the period from 2013 to 2020. The results show a high positive correlation between investment in permanent assets and the number of employees in the manufacturing sector and information and communication sector, and a negative one in the agricultural industry. We did not find a significant correlation between investments in permanent assets and the number of employees with their salaries.

Mining and processing plants: Economic trends and options of corporate governance improvement

The authors closely consider the economic performance behavior of Russia’s top eight mining and processing plants over the period of a few years. Sustainability of the companies and high demand for their products in the market are highlighted. An important criterion of liquidity position of mining and processing plants (MPP is English for the Russian GOK) is the change in the net assets which have on the whole grown over the period under analysis from 38,5 to 52,8 BRub, i.e., 1.37 times. After a decline in the post-crisis period (2015–2016), the index of the net assets increased by 31 % in 2018. Inventories of all GOKs increased, and the annual average values jumped 2 times (Lebedinsky GOK–2.15 times, Mikhailovsky GOK–2.3 times, Kovdor GOK and Karelski Okatysh–2.4 time, other GOKs–1.2–1.5 times). This proves stability of the liquidity positions of the test companies. A steadily growing trend was observed in buildup of the permanent assets of GOKs: this index of the test companies was 9.6 BRub in 2011 and 22.9 BRub in 2018 (a 2.4 times growth). The highest rate growth was demonstrated by the largest GOKs: Lebedinsky (2.8 times), Stoilensky (3.4 times) and Kovdor (2.1 times). At the same time, there is a downward trend in profitability of the test GOKs, which, by the authors’ opinion, dictates the corporate governance improvement. Efficiency of the corporate governance and competitive ability of a company drastically depend on: capacity of equipment in each process stage; quality of interaction between process stages; balance of capacities of process stages; high-skilled staffing level of each link in the production chain; efficiency of management; quality of information accumulation of current data on the behavior of each production chain link.

MACROECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY OF TRADE ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE

The relevance of the researching and ensuring financial and economic sustainability of trade is proved. The essential structural characteristics of financial and economic sustainability are generalized. The specifics of managing the financial and economic sustainability of trade business are indicated. The macroeconomic characteristics of financial and economic sustainability of trade in Ukraine as the volume of equity, balance currency, sales of goods of the trade enterprises, current assets, current liabilities and provision, own current assets of trade enterprises are analysed. The financial and economic sustainability of trade enterprises in Ukraine was assessed using the ratios of provision of current assets to own funds, provision of stocks with own funds, maneuverability of equity, mobility, permanent assets, financial stability and financial dependence. Purpose. The purpose of the research is to analyse the condition and development trends of macroeconomic characteristics of financial and economic sustainability of trade in Ukraine and justification proposals for public policy to stimulate its strengthening. Methodology. The following scientific methods were used during the research: analysis, synthesis and comparison – to research the prerequisites for ensuring the financial and economic sustainability of trade enterprises; statistical analysis – to calculate the key macroeconomic characteristics of financial sustainability and liquidity of trade enterprises; groupings, logical analysis, strategic management – to form priorities and means of state policy to stimulate the strengthening of financial and economic sustainability of trade business. Results. The low level of financial sustainability and liquidity of the trade sector in Ukraine has been empirically proven. It is established that a critical decrease in the financial and economic sustainability of the trade business occurred in 2014-2015. In 2012, the level of financial sustainability and liquidity of trade enterprises was the highest. Since 2016, the gradual restoration of financial and economic sustainability of trade business in Ukraine has begun. However, its level is still insufficient, which requires justification and implementation of effective measures of state regulation in this area. It is proved that strengthening the financial and economic sustainability of trade enterprises in Ukraine requires the formation and implementation of a common (state and business entities) policy aimed at strengthening the financial and economic sustainability of trade enterprises in Ukraine. The policy should be implemented in the following areas: alternative forms of the financial result formation, improvement of financial and economic attractiveness of enterprises, distribution of financial and economic risks with the manufacturing sector, realization of financial potential of domestic market by enterprises. Practical implications. The means of the state policy of stimulation and strengthening of financial and economic sustainability of the trade enterprises in Ukraine are defined. Value/originality. The methodical approach to the formation of tools and means of policy to strengthen the financial and economic sustainability of the country’s trade business has been further developed.

Determinants of Empowerment: An Insight from the Study of the Female Domestic Workers

Female domestic workers (FDW) are one of the most vulnerable segments of a society facing adverse social domination and economic discrimination. The present article aims at investigating to what extent the participation of poor women in economic activities empowers them. The study amalgamates data collected from 334 female domestic workers living in different areas of South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal through a semi-structured questionnaire during a period of 6 months from January 2016 to June 2016. This district was chosen on the basis of existing inter-linkage between the growth and expansion of the city of Kolkata in her southern part, existence of a large number of Bangladeshi migrants in South 24 Parganas ( Kumar, 2010 ), evidences of large scale commuting of unorganized workers ( Roy, 2003 ) and the expanding informal market where the supply of manual labour comes from the fringes of the district. The article tries to explore the different dimensions of empowerment from the study of female domestic workers. This includes workers’ involvement in taking household decision, free movement, possession of assets and restricting domestic violence. By adding the obtained scores and weights of the indicators, a cumulative empowerment index is constructed. Restrictions in mobility and lack of ownership of permanent assets amongst workers indicate their subordination in the household hierarchy and highlight that women are excluded from asserting influence over household properties. Severe domestic violence against women is common and visible even when husbands are unemployed. About 69 per cent of female domestic workers report incidences of physical assault at home. The index, thus, establishes that the majority of the domestic workers level of empowerment is between low to moderate.

Cluster Analysis of Home Builders Based on Financial Resource Allocation

This research adopted a cluster analysis to cluster 23 home builders, based on proportion of financial resource allocation, into 3 groups. The results of the analysis of each group revealed that the home builder group 1 mainly focused on the competitive advantage from having high liquidity and investment in permanent assets in order to cut costs and enhance revenues. The home builder group 2 paid attention to other current assets such as construction equipment, in order to create the competitive advantage from having low construction costs. The home builder group 3 principally attempted to create the market from expanding debtor collection periods of accounts receivable, by mobilizing external financial sources to increase liquidity. The comparison of rate of return on equity among the three groups showed that the home builder group 2 possessed more potential to receive a little higher rate than that of the home builder group 1. Besides, the rate of return on equity of the home builder group 3 had high variation, compared to that of group 1 and 2.

Análise do Controle Patrimonial de Bens Permanentes em uma Organização Pública

Este estudo objetiva analisar as atividades de controle dos bens móveis de caráter permanente em um Instituto Federal brasileiro. Especificamente, buscou-se analisar como ocorrem as etapas do fluxo das atividades básicas relativas ao controle dos bens dentro das unidades gestoras da Instituição, tais como o recebimento, a distribuição, a movimentação, os inventários e as baixas patrimoniais, e ainda apontar as dificuldades encontradas pelos servidores que executam as atividades dos setores de patrimônio. A abordagem metodológica foi qualitativa, do tipo exploratória e descritiva. As técnicas de coleta de dados foram: a pesquisa documental nos registros patrimoniais; a aplicação de questionário a todos servidores dos setores de patrimônio; e entrevistas semiestruturada realizadas com os gestores e/ou responsáveis pela área de patrimônio de unidades gestoras da Instituição. Os resultados demonstraram que o controle patrimonial ocorre parcialmente, não está sendo realizada a depreciação e a reavaliação dos ativos imobilizados A estrutura organizacional precisa aproximar e fortalecer setores envolvidos no processo e adotar sistema patrimonial realmente efetivo no controle dos bens móveis.

Risk and Resilience Analysis of Public Civil Buildings Against Shelling with Explosive Sources in Urban Contexts

Due to their high availability and low cost level, passive protection measures are a key factor for reducing the vulnerability of persons within and close to assets against potentially impacting mortar, rocket and artillery threats. Particularly, mortar shelling has even most recently been reported. At risk are permanent and nonpermanent assets of civil, (non)governmental or peacekeeping organizations with corresponding effects, e.g., on civil society, civil services or successful nation building, respectively. Of interest are the identification of vulnerable areas and the assessment of the effectiveness of protective structures while taking also other counter measures into account. To this end, a seven-step quantitative risk and resilience analysis and management methodology is described and applied. It consists of the analysis of scenarios, frequencies, hazards, damage effects and risks and yields individual and collective risks for multi-threat scenarios. Local individual or collective risks can be minimized below criteria, thus reducing vulnerability and increasing resilience in an efficient way, e.g., by using geometrical changes, by structural roof, wall and window retrofits, by mitigating barriers and/or organizational measures. The approach is demonstrated along with three detailed example cases.

Giving while keeping: inexhaustible treasuries and inalienable wealth in medieval China

ABSTRACTInexhaustible storehouses and permanent assets of monasteries become fundamental strategies through which Chinese Buddhism flourishes economically during the medieval period. At the center of these linked phenomena is the act of donation that enmeshes donors in a network of transcendent human-divine relations secured in the stasis of inalienability. Although research has explored how these institutions impacted the economic development of Chinese Buddhism, little work exists on how they function as strategies for creating social capital and negotiating identities. This article examines types of donor goods together with contracts and deeds from Dunhuang that detail the exchange of possessions which at once furthered economic gains for monasteries while creating karmic and social capital for the donors in the form of sacralized networks and renegotiated identities. At the crux of the exchange are inalienable objects, such as paintings on silk, that engender prestige and social memory, and thereby valorize newly established collective and individual identities. Through these objects and their ritual transformation, the patrons, their associates and the divinities invoked share a now-transfigured status grounded in a rearticulated and invariable past set within a reified future, most clearly depicted in the Pure land spaces of the Mogao Caves themselves.

IPTEKS PENGENDALIAN AKTIVA TETAP PADA PT.PLN (PERSERO) UNIT INDUK PEMBANGUNAN SULAWESI BAGIAN UTARA

Economic developments that increasingly affect the activities of each company in gaining profit (profit), both private companies and government companies. Every company in carrying out its business cannot be separated from the use of assets (assets) which are relatively fixed in nature. Fixed assets are permanent assets and are owned or used by companies with long periods of time and not for sale. The role of fixed assets is very important in producing goods and services. As with PT PLN (Persero) Unit Induk Pembangunan Sulawesi Bagian Utara, one of the largest companies in Indonesia if it does not use the fixed asset control procedures, it tends to occur fraud and misuse or waste from the use of fixed assets because the structure of the control of fixed assets is very necessary to maintain the security of property of PT PLN (Persero) the Parent Unit of North Sulawesi Development itself, check the truth in accounting data, and encourage policies that have been set by the leadership.Keywords: purpose of fixed assets control, PT. PLN (Persero) UIP SULBAGUT

Library Space Information Model Based on GIS — A Case Study of Shanghai Jiao Tong University

In this paper, a library-space information model (LSIM) based on a geographical information system (GIS) was built to visually show the bookshelf location of each book through the display interface of various terminals. Taking Shanghai Jiao Tong University library as an example, both spatial information and attribute information were integrated into the model. In the spatial information, the reading room layout, bookshelves, reference desks, and so on were constructed with different attributes. The bookshelf layer was the key attribute of the bookshelves, and each book was linked to one bookshelf layer. Through the field of bookshelf layer, the book in the query system can be connected with the bookshelf-layer information of the LSIM. With the help of this model, readers can search books visually in the query system and find the books’ positions accurately. It can also be used in the inquiry of special-collection resources. Additionally, librarians can use this model to analyze books’ circulation status, and books with similar subjects that are frequently circulated can be recommended to readers. The library’s permanent assets (chairs, tables, etc.) could be managed visually in the model. This paper used GIS as a tool to solve the problem of accurate positioning, simultaneously providing better services for readers and realizing visual management of books for librarians.

Status of and Perspectives on River Restoration in Europe: 310,000 Euros per Hectare of Restored River

The purpose of the present research was to analyze the available data on river restoration projects in Europe. As the framework of our study, we conducted a structured international survey. We asked selected entities and experts from among those responsible for river restoration in European countries about the details and costs of European Union river restoration projects. We examined 119 river restoration projects that were implemented in Europe between 1989 and 2016; during the collection of data, some of the projects were still ongoing. Based upon the collected data we observed that the number of river restoration projects has been increasing since 1989, which expresses society’s growing interest in improving the quality of aquatic environments. We revealed that 56% of these European river restoration projects have been implemented by dedicated entities and stakeholders, not as part of any structured, larger-scale river restoration policy. This indicates that most European countries do not have integrated plans for river restoration. Our analysis showed that 52% of the projects analyzed have been designed and implemented without the participation of local stakeholders. It also showed that the budgets for river restoration projects did not differ significantly across various time horizons from 1989 to 2016. In our study, the average cost of restoring 1 ha of an European river was 310,000 euros (EUR). Considering these projects’ permanent assets and including their amortization, we calculated the average unit price of a river restoration’s value in terms of ecosystem meta-service to be 7757 EUR·ha−1·year−1.

Ubezpieczenia morskie – charakter prawny umowy oraz zakres świadczeń i obowiązków stron na tle umów ubezpieczeń regulowanych przepisami Kodeksu cywilnego

Artykuł zawiera analizę porównawczą charakteru prawnego oraz praw i obowiązków stron zawierających umowy ubezpieczenia majątkowego na gruncie przepisów Kodeksu morskiego i Kodeksu cywilnego. Uprawiając żeglugę, armator prowadzi działalność powszechnie określaną jako eksploatacja statku, co obejmuje m.in. używanie go do celów gospodarczych. Działalność armatorska jest zatem działalnością gospodarczą, a armator jest przedsiębiorcą prowadzącym swoje przedsiębiorstwo, za którego działalność ponosi odpowiedzialność. W jego szeroko rozumianym interesie leży ubezpieczenie trwałych składników majątku tego przedsiębiorstwa od szkód losowych, jak również swojej odpowiedzialności cywilnej. Jak wykaże niniejszy tekst, przedsiębiorca jest traktowany przez ustawodawcę surowiej niż osoba zawierająca standardowe ubezpieczenie majątkowe.Ponadto sam charakter prawny polisy, ze względu na wymogi obrotu morskiego, różni się na podstawie regulacji Kodeksu cywilnego od tej zamieszczonej w Kodeksie morskim. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest wskazanie kluczowych różnic obu tych regulacji.

Botanical Garden of the University of Oslo, Norway

The Botanical Garden in Oslo was established in 1814 and is the oldest part of the Natural History Museum, one of the two museums of the University of Oslo. To celebrate the bicentenary, the Museum decided to launch an ambitious programme of events covering the entire year and adding several new permanent assets. This paper provides a brief history of and current information about the Garden and describes the previously existing and new features, along with a map of the Garden. The bicentenary celebrations raised the profile of the Garden enormously in Norway, and it experienced a huge increase in visitor numbers as well as extensive media coverage. The increased popularity of the Garden and the expected future rise in population in the neighbouring suburbs simultaneously challenge the Garden to satisfy the need for green space as well as providing scientifically based information which reinforces the importance of plants.