Permanent Adaptation Research Articles

Auswirkung von Strukturadaptionen auf die Veränderungsfähigkeit von Fabriken

Abstract Manufacturing companies operate in an environment characterized by turbulences and volatility, resulting in the need for permanent adaptation of existing factory structures. An important characteristic in this context is the factory‘s ability to change (changeability), which is defined as the ability to adapt structures rapidly and with acceptable effort. The changeability is a dynamic variable that can change as a result of structural adaptations and thus affect the degree of planning freedom in future periods. This article presents a planning approach that can be used to identify and evaluate the effects of structural adaptations on a factory‘s changeability.

Nursing Teaching-Learning Process in Virtual Environments-Perspective of Teachers and Students

The Teaching-Learning Process (PEA) in virtual environments requires permanent adaptation to change. Objective: to analyze the perception of the quality of the PEA in virtual environments and propose alternatives for improvement. Method: study with a qualitative approach of ethnomethodological design, through semi-structured interviews and dialogue/debate in focus groups. The sampling was non-probabilistic for convenience according to the saturation point. Results: seven categories emerged: 1) Quality of the PEA in virtual environments: motivation, active methodology and collaborative learning; 2). Limiting; 3). Strengthening of the active methodology: equipment and teacher-student interaction; 4). The tutorial processes strengthen both; 5). The value of practice; 6). Roles focused on theory-practice interaction; 7). Challenges and opportunities. Conclusion: The quality of the PEA in nursing in virtual environments is a process under construction, the challenges and opportunities concern everyone in logistical aspects and academic effort; viable thanks to the commitment of the participants and the resilience of the students.
 
 Received: 9 July 2023 / Accepted: 15 December 2024 / Published: 5 January 2024

BARBIE’S SUCCESS IN THE NEW BUSINESS ERA: TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION AND PERFORMANCE. THE MATTEL CASE

"The success of the companies is credited to their capacity to generate change, developing or implementing new systems while it is admitted that success in the production area is based on monitoring the latest technologies and their transformation into viable products, on understanding current and future customer’s needs which can be satisfied with new or improved processes and products, taking into consideration the alignment with the uniqueness of the specifications or permanent adaptation to the market conditions. Companies need a long-term vision with the purpose of covering the demand through technology and generating new needs through research and development. This paper focus is on the technology-innovation-performance triadic model which is both a novel approach and a new integrative analysis. Trying to bridge the literature gap, the article proposes a discussion exploring the possible inter-links between the three elements of the triad. The results of this endeavor are twofold encouraging: (i) by underlying the investigation the potential of the triadic model technology-innovation-performance; and (ii) by implications for business managers, in general, and (in this particular case), for managers while making strategic decisions, considering the organization level. Mattel is a leading toy manufacturer which operates on a global level but also an entertainment corporation which aims to expand the content, the consumer products and to offer unique digital experiences. The company has been founded in more than 70 years ago in the United States and is operating in 35 countries through its own stores while offering their products to the public from more than 150 countries through accredited partners or resellers. The iconic Barbie doll and the famous Hot Wheels represent two of their most valuable brands, the products under this label being a subject to constant innovations during the time and succeeding to be considered the best-selling toys of the year for two consecutive years in a row, 2020 and 2021 while also being named the top global toy property. The currents study has the purpose to analyze the connection between innovation, technology and performance by highlighting the main elements that have conducted Mattel to the astonishing success which was achieved in the last years."

Companion Animals as a Key to Success for Translating Radiation Therapy Research into the Clinic.

Many successful preclinical findings fail to be replicated during translation to human studies. This leads to significant resources being spent on large clinical trials, and in some cases, promising therapeutics not being pursued due to the high costs of clinical translation. These translational failures emphasize the need for improved preclinical models of human cancer so that there is a higher probability of successful clinical translation. Companion-animal cancers offer a potential solution. These cancers are more similar to human cancer than other preclinical models, with a natural evolution over time, genetic alterations, intact immune system, and a permanent adaptation to the microenvironment. These advantages have led pioneers in veterinary radiation oncology to aid human medicine by elucidating basic principles of radiation biology. More recently, the veterinary and human radiation oncology fields have increasingly collaborated to achieve advancements in education, radiotherapy techniques, and trial networks. This review describes these advancements, including significant prior research findings and the evolution of the veterinary radiation oncology discipline. It concludes by describing how companion-animal models can help shape the future of human radiotherapy. Taken as a whole, this review suggests companion-animal cancers may become widely used for preclinical radiotherapy research.

The acute adaptation of skin microcirculatory perfusion in vivo does not involve a local response but rather a centrally mediated adaptive reflex.

Introduction: Cardiovascular homeostasis involves the interaction of multiple players to ensure a permanent adaptation to each organ's needs. Our previous research suggested that changes in skin microcirculation-even if slight and distal-always evoke an immediate global rather than "local" response affecting hemodynamic homeostasis. These observations question our understanding of known reflexes used to explore vascular physiology, such as reactive hyperemia and the venoarteriolar reflex (VAR). Thus, our study was designed to further explore these responses in older healthy adults of both sexes and to potentially provide objective evidence of a centrally mediated mechanism governing each of these adaptive processes. Methods: Participants (n = 22, 52.5 ± 6.2 years old) of both sexes were previously selected. Perfusion was recorded in both feet by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and photoplethysmography (PPG). Two different maneuvers with opposite impacts on perfusion were applied as challengers to single limb reactive hyperemia evoked by massage and a single leg pending to generate a VAR. Measurements were taken at baseline (Phase I), during challenge (Phase II), and recovery (Phase III). A 95% confidence level was adopted. As proof of concept, six additional young healthy women were selected to provide video imaging by using optoacoustic tomography (OAT) of suprasystolic post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) in the upper limb. Results: Modified perfusion was detected by LDF and PPG in both limbs with both hyperemia and VAR, with clear systemic hemodynamic changes in all participants. Comparison with data obtained under the same conditions in a younger cohort, previously published by our group, revealed that results were not statistically different between the groups. Discussion: The OAT documentary and analysis showed that the suprasystolic pressure in the arm changed vasomotion in the forearm, displacing blood from the superficial to the deeper plexus vessels. Deflation allowed the blood to return and to be distributed in both plexuses. These responses were present in all individuals independent of their age. They appeared to be determined by the need to re-establish hemodynamics acutely modified by the challenger, which means that they were centrally mediated. Therefore, a new mechanistic interpretation of these exploratory maneuvers is required to better characterize in vivo cardiovascular physiology in humans.

Visual Aid Systems from Smart City to Improve the Life of People with Low Vision

In the current time, the development of urban centers is a very complex process in terms of new residential or administrative building locations expansion, but also in terms of design and/or the combination of the constructions with the environment. In the same context, the various transport development, communication or social activities facilities require an important database and an infrastructure to ensure and satisfy the population needs at the highest level. Accordingly, interest has developed in the smart cities (SC) concept creation with connection possibilities over extended geographical areas. This paper addresses a problem related to the preparation and ensuring the development of Brasov city as a smart city, with the possibility of finding solutions for low-vision people’s mobility and opening even more access to the city’s infrastructure. The paper’s main objectives and contributions are represented by the current considerations provision for ensuring functionality as a smart city by identifying the involvement points of the administrative system and, respectively, by introducing technical solutions for the low-vision people inclusion, having their mobility as a central element. The research results reveal the capacity and flexibility of permanent adaptation actions of public administrative and educational/research institutions to different population categories (with or without disabilities, active or retired, etc.) requirements regarding inclusion and mobility.

Words on Fire: Eloquence and Its Conditions, by Rob Goodman

Words on Fire: Eloquence and Its Conditions, by Rob Goodman

Modular Digital and 3D-Printed Dental Models with Applicability in Dental Education.

Background and Objectives: The ever more complex modern dental education requires permanent adaptation to expanding medical knowledge and new advancements in digital technologies as well as intensification of interdisciplinary collaboration. Our study presents a newly developed computerized method allowing virtual case simulation on modular digital dental models and 3D-printing of the obtained digital models; additionally, undergraduate dental students' opinion on the advanced method is investigated in this paper. Materials and Methods: Based on the digitalization of didactic dental models, the proposed method generates modular digital dental models that can be easily converted into different types of partial edentulism scenarios, thus allowing the development of a digital library. Three-dimensionally printed simulated dental models can subsequently be manufactured based on the previously obtained digital models. The opinion of a group of undergraduate dental students (n = 205) on the proposed method was assessed via a questionnaire, administered as a Google form, sent via email. Results: The modular digital models allow students to perform repeated virtual simulations of any possible partial edentulism cases, to project 3D virtual treatment plans and to observe the subtle differences between diverse teeth preparations; the resulting 3D-printed models could be used in students' practical training. The proposed method received positive feedback from the undergraduate students. Conclusions: The advanced method is adequate for dental students' training, enabling the gradual design of modular digital dental models with partial edentulism, from simple to complex cases, and the hands-on training on corresponding 3D-printed dental models.

Chapter 8 - Cerebellum: From the identification of the cerebellar motor syndrome to the internal models

Cerebellar circuitry is topographically arranged in closed loops with the cerebral cortex. The three cornerstones of clinical ataxia have emerged from studies on connectional anatomy and from clinical/neuropsychological observations, leading to the definition of clinical syndromes encountered in daily practice: (a) the cerebellar motor syndrome (CMS), (b) the vestibulocerebellar syndrome (VCS), and (c) the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome/Schmahmann syndrome (CCAS/SS). These syndromes are either isolated or coexist, depending on the underlying pathological process and its degree of extension within the cerebellum. Dysmetria is the core feature of cerebellar deficits, encompassing motor dysmetria (hypermetria, hypometria) in CMS, oculomotor dysmetria in VCS, and dysmetria of thought in CCAS/SS. The leading hypothesis is that dysmetria results from errors in building or maintaining internal models, which are inherent to predictive behavior. Errors in prediction would lead to clumsiness and incoordination of limbs, oculomotor impairments, and aberrant cognitive/affective behavior. The cerebellum is currently viewed as a learning machine enriched with multiple plasticity mechanisms, allowing the permanent adaptation to the external world by generating and maintaining predictive operations, from motor to cognitive, affective, emotional, and social operations essential for daily human life.

Manajemen Stres bagi Guru pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

The outbreak of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic since December 2019 until now requires all teaching and learning activities for students to be temporarily carried out at home. This needs to be done in order to minimize mass physical contact so that it can break the chain of spreading the virus. To fill the teaching and learning activities that must be completed in this academic year, the government has adopted a policy of learning to be carried out through distance learning using online media (on the network), either using a cellphone, PC, or laptop. Online learning that has been running, makes teachers also cause stress because of the large number of classes and students and demands from conditions or praxis that cause many problems. In an emergency situation, the teacher at that time had to act quickly so that learning could run effectively. Teachers need to be quick to take action and manage classes remotely. This includes managing materials and tasks of very short duration. In a short period of time there are obstacles that occur both from the side of the teacher and the students.When experiencing stress, the body will unconsciously manage stress. Management in dealing with stress is a way to increase his immunity to stress. Effective stress management will result in permanent adaptation, giving rise to new habits or improvements from old situations, while ineffective stress management will end up being maladaptive, namely deviant behavior and harm to oneself and others.

Psychiatry and mental health teaching programs of eight portuguese-speaking schools of medicine: A comparative analysis.

Improvement of teaching methods in psychiatry has been the subject of permanent adaptation and innovation. Strengthening graduate education skills in psychiatry and mental health will allow physicians to have the knowledge, skills, and attitudes to carry out early diagnosis and treatment at primary healthcare settings, taking into consideration that the population should benefit from the best interventions by general practitioners. The objective of this study was to examine how the undergraduate program of psychiatry and mental health subject in the schools of medicine of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries in the three continents is structured. The methods include a narrative description of the program of psychiatry, the workload, the delivery and assessment methods, and the ethical and socio-cultural aspects in psychiatry and research made by the director of the course of psychiatry in Portugal, Brazil, and Mozambique. Eight schools of medicine from Portugal, Brazil, and Mozambique participated in the study. All these schools use standards which are defined by the regulatory bodies of their countries. The teaching year varied between the third and the sixth. The workload varied between 140 and 224 h. Topics were addressed in presence or virtual methods. Combined qualitative and quantitative assessment is done to encompass competencies, skills and knowledge based on clinical histories, ongoing assessment, seminars, and final written tests. Ethical and socio-cultural aspects in various strands are taught to be linked to the local reality. Research is encouraged by using grants. Teaching psychiatry follows global and national standards and is organized according to the reality of each country. Psychiatry departments from these three continents invest in teaching methodologies that encourage self-knowledge and the development of critical thinking, which is evaluated in a holistic context. The authors consider that the programs should have a workload according to the current burden of mental illness.

SOCIAL MEDIA AND SELF EXPOSURE, WHAT SINGULARITIES FOR ARAB COUNTRIES? CASE OF MOROCCO

Admittedly, the advent of social media has highlighted a certain number of phenomena which provoke multiple and diverse reactions in the user, ranging from embarrassed acceptance, to total denial, passing through astonishment or incomprehension; but certainly arousing in the researcher the curiosity to grasp them as subjects in order to understand their multiple facets. The increasingly broad visibility on social media leads the user to review his relationship to what is "intimate", "private" and "public", to constantly negotiate the threshold of 'acceptable according to the socio-cultural norms specific to each country and which are now being continually jostled, requiring a permanent adaptation exercise. In Arab countries, modesty is an essential component of social relations in the communication and public space. With social media, today we see a certain spreading of the limits of modesty. The case of the videos produced and broadcast on the YouTube platform by Moroccan women presenting "their Daily Routine" is a good example to illustrate the exposure of oneself, one's private life and one's body with less and less embarrassment and exploring more and more intimate spaces. As part of this research, the notions of "private and intimate" in relation to the "public", of "modesty" in relation to the "shocking, the inappropriate and the shameful" will be examined, the confrontation of these ideas a priori opposites will make it possible to go beyond them and even to bring out their links. This research will be exclusively qualitative, based on the analysis of various content chosen on the YouTube platform, to analyze its discourse and try to grasp what pushes the limits of modesty among these Moroccan women. Keywords: Social Media, Morocco

Interventions at La Moneda Palace, from the 19TH, 20TH, and 21ST centuries. The projects and their architects

The Palacio de La Moneda, or La Moneda Palace, is the seat of the Presidency and the Executive Power of Chile, the Ministry of the Interior and Public Security, the General Secretariat of the Presidency, and the General Secretariat of the Government. It is one of the main historical and most important buildings in Chile in terms of its current representative function, as the Government Palace. Since its construction, in 1786, it has been the witness and star of the historical-political and social-urban evolution of the nation, of events that have been expressed in its own architectural metamorphosis and the evolution of the urban fabric. Designed by architect Joaquín Toesca, a disciple of Francesco Sabatini, a professional of the court of Carlos III, King of Spain (1759-1788), the Palace is the main example of Neoclassicism in Chile. It was inaugurated in 1805 as the Royal Mint of Santiago, to mint the kingdom's currency. After the independence of Chile, in 1845, the Seat of Government and Presidential Residence moved to the building. It is on this date that it adopts its representative function, and therefore, the moment where the first important modification of its floorplan took place, beginning a process of continuous evolution characterized by the dynamic transformation and permanent adaptation of its architecture, through successive interventions, functional updates, and its reconstruction after the 1973 air raid. The lack of an organized and detailed record of its permanent alterations makes it difficult to understand them from their current state and for possible future interventions. As a result, this article presents the most important and significant changes on the perception of the building, thus becoming the first organized record of contemporary interventions of La Moneda Palace.

Integrative Model of Human-Animal Interactions: A One Health-One Welfare Systemic Approach to Studying HAI.

The Integrative Model of Human-Animal Interactions (IMHAI) described herewith provides a conceptual framework for the study of interspecies interactions and aims to model the primary emotional processes involved in human-animal interactions. This model was developed from theoretical inputs from three fundamental disciplines for understanding interspecies interactions: neuroscience, psychology and ethology, with the objective of providing a transdisciplinary approach on which field professionals and researchers can build and collaborate. Seminal works in affective neuroscience offer a common basis between humans and animals and, as such, can be applied to the study of interspecies interactions from a One Health-One Welfare perspective. On the one hand, Jaak Panksepp's research revealed that primary/basic emotions originate in the deep subcortical regions of the brain and are shared by all mammals, including humans. On the other hand, several works in the field of neuroscience show that the basic physiological state is largely determined by the perception of safety. Thus, emotional expression reflects the state of an individual's permanent adaptation to ever-changing environmental demands. Based on this evidence and over 5 years of action research using grounded theory, alternating between research and practice, the IMHAI proposes a systemic approach to the study of primary-process emotional affects during interspecies social interactions, through the processes of emotional transfer, embodied communication and interactive emotional regulation. IMHAI aims to generate new hypotheses and predictions on affective behavior and interspecies communication. Application of such a model should promote risk prevention and the establishment of positive links between humans and animals thereby contributing to their respective wellbeing.

Obstacles affecting the management innovation process through different actors during the covid-19 crisis: a longitudinal study of Industry 4.0.

Industry 4.0 represents the most advanced stage of organization of industrial companies, allowing them to respond to an uncertain and changing environment, particularly as accentuated by the recent crisis resulting from COVID-19. Management innovation (MI) contributes to this process of permanent adaptation. The MI implementation phase is a critical step in MI generation that can generate many potential obstacles. This study focuses on these obstacles while considering the different activities (or subprocesses) embedded in this phase and the different actors involved in this complex process. We conducted a longitudinal case study in real time to investigate the implementation of MI internally generated by a multinational industrial company. Our results show that the obstacles encountered during the MI implementation phase may differ depending on the different activities and actors of this phase, thus leading us to question current implementation frameworks. This paper contributes by refining the theoretical model of MI generation and providing a better understanding of the obstacles that occur during the MI implementation phase. From a managerial perspective, this paper highlights key management principles to overcome the obstacles identified.

An approach to implement STEP-NC in the footwear industry

There is a growing need to automate the footwear industry by introducing new methods and tools to improve footwear production. The use of CAD tools for the design of shoes and their components is increasingly common, but it is a sector in permanent adaptation to socio-economic changes where it is therefore complicated to incorporate high-tech machinery. The introduction of improvements in production is a necessity, so the use of technologies that allow the adaptation of old machinery with the latest technologies in the area of CAD/CAM would be an important advantage for the sector.So far, each component is designed and manufactured separately. In this way, the real dependence that exists between the different components required for manufacturing footwear means that a change in any of these elements implies a redesign (CAD level) of the rest of the elements. This fact increases the manufacturing cost. It is also necessary to modify the way of manufacturing the product (CAM level), which is a complex manual process in many cases. The introduction of changes in an industrial environment with limited resources means a very slow implementation.In this paper, a platform based on STEP-NC is defined to show the advantages that its implementation in footwear sector would imply, by relating all the elements involved in footwear manufacturing: CAD tools that generate the geometries of the components, CAM tools that define the paths for their machining, and the different machines that manufacture these components. Furthermore, additional advantages would be incorporated, such as process control, supervision, inspection, allowing information to flow in all directions.

СИСТЕМНО-ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ КОНЦЕПТУАЛІЗМ СТРАТЕГІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ОСВІТНЬОЇ ГАЛУЗІ

The article considered a system-functional approach to strategic management in the educational field. Management variations were listed and analyzed, which visualize management methodology in the educational field. Such variations of management are administrative, dynamic, integrative, quantitative, complex, marketing, normative, behavioral, process, situational, systemic, functional. The role of the system-functional approach in the research methodology of the strategic management system in the educational field was defined. The role consists in distinguishing the relevant segments (elements) in the system objects of the intra-industry environment and determining their properties, characteristic intra-industry role, i.e. functions in the activity of the system as a whole. The system of strategic management in the educational field was described. This system is an adaptive, purposeful and multi-structured functional set of interacting elements that are responsible for the timely achievement of defined intra-industry strategic goals. The main characteristics of the system were listed. A system-functional approach to strategic management in the educational field was analyzed. Segments of the management system in the educational sector were singled out, which ensure its functioning and permanent adaptation to the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors. A systematic approach to strategic management in the educational field was described. The main components of the system approach were listed. The effects that characterize the system of strategic management in the educational sector were singled out. The main orientations of the strategic management system in the educational sector were analyzed. The logic of the system-functional approach to strategic management in the educational field was illustrated. The main functions of strategic management in the educational sector were highlighted. The main functions in the system of strategic management in the educational field were illustrated. Conclusions were made regarding the system-functional approach to strategic management in the educational field.

Assessment of changes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation practices and outcomes on 1005 victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 outbreak: registry-based study

BackgroundThe COVID-19 outbreak requires a permanent adaptation of practices. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is also involved and we evaluated these changes in the management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).MethodsOHCA of medical origins identified from the French National Cardiac Arrest Registry between March 1st and April 31st 2020 (COVID-19 period), were analysed. Different resuscitation characteristics were compared with the same period from the previous year (non-COVID-19 period).ResultsOverall, 1005 OHCA during the COVID-19 period and 1620 during the non-COVID-19 period were compared. During the COVID-19 period, bystanders and first aid providers initiated CPR less frequently (49.8% versus 54.9%; difference, − 5.1 percentage points [95% CI, − 9.1 to − 1.2]; and 84.3% vs. 88.7%; difference, − 4.4 percentage points [95% CI, − 7.1 to − 1.6]; respectively) as did mobile medical teams (67.3% vs. 75.0%; difference, − 7.7 percentage points [95% CI, − 11.3 to − 4.1]). First aid providers used defibrillators less often (66.0% vs. 74.1%; difference, − 8.2 percentage points [95% CI, − 11.8 to − 4.6]). Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and D30 survival were lower during the COVID-19 period (19.5% vs. 25.3%; difference, − 5.8 percentage points [95% CI, − 9.0 to − 2.5]; and 2.8% vs. 6.4%; difference, − 3.6 percentage points [95% CI, − 5.2 to − 1.9]; respectively).ConclusionsDuring the COVID-19 period, we observed a decrease in CPR initiation regardless of whether patients were suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection or not. In the current atmosphere, it is important to communicate good resuscitation practices to avoid drastic and lasting reductions in survival rates after an OHCA.

CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL TRAINING - PRIORITY OF TEACHING STAFF

The article covers the issue of continuous professional training of teachers, which is a complex, coherent process, aimed at ensuring the permanent adaptation of teachers to the dynamics of education processes and systems, promoting a proactive attitude, specific to a lifelong learning horizon. The research paper specifies the defining characteristics of the continuous professional training process, describes the principles and objectives of continuous teacher training, determines the content, methodology, forms of continuous teacher training, and elucidates the trends in continuous professional training of teachers.

Long-term serial culture of Piscirickettsia salmonis leads to a genomic and transcriptomic reorganization affecting bacterial virulence

The propagation of intracellular bacteria in culture mediums implies physiological adaptation to an artificial environment. If these conditions are persistent enough time, a permanent adaptation to the new environment can be expected. This study aimed to explore the genomic and transcriptomic rearrangements that the intracellular bacterium Piscirickettsia salmonis undergo during a long-term serial culture experiment and the potential impact on virulence. Here, PacBio and Illumina sequencing were conducted after 200 passages (~2 years) of P. salmonis in a cell-free culture medium. The results evidenced genomic rearrangements of the P. salmonis genome during the continuous culture period, where a chromosome segment of 35 Kb was translocated from the P0 bacterial chromosome to a P200 plasmid. Notably, the genomic structure of this segment revealed the presence of the Dot/Icm secretion system, which has been previously associated with P. salmonis pathogenesis. On the other hand, a reduced transcriptomic response was evidenced in P. salmonis after 200 passages affecting the expression of different pathways including iron acquisition and metabolism. Furthermore, in vitro infections revealed that after 200 passages P. salmonis is less capable of generating cytopathic effects than the original P0 form. Overall, our results evidence that the continuous propagation of P. salmonis leads to genomic and transcriptomic rearrangement that impact on bacterial virulence. These results open new perspectives about the adaptation of intracellular bacteria to artificial culture conditions, providing useful information to develop live attenuated vaccines against P. salmonis in salmon aquaculture.