Perm State Research Articles

To the 100thAnniversary of the Birth of Viktor Stepanovich Guskov, Head of the Psychiatry Department of the Perm State Medical Institute

To the 100thAnniversary of the Birth of Viktor Stepanovich Guskov, Head of the Psychiatry Department of the Perm State Medical Institute

Партнерский студенческий проект как эффективный метод адаптации иностранных обучающихся в русской культурно-языковой среде

This study examines the potential and significance of the partnership project method in facilitating the adaptation of international students, as well as the development of their external connections and social environment within the context of Russian society. The paper presents a student partnership project organized by the Department of Russian as a Foreign Language at Perm State Medical University and the Department of Foreign Languages at HSE University Perm. The project is executed through practice-oriented inter-university collaboration. Its objectives address interconnected challenges: firstly, the Indian student community in Perm remains isolated and inadequately integrated into the city's cultural and linguistic milieu. Secondly, residents of Perm and students at local universities have limited understanding of the living and educational experiences of the substantial number of international students residing in the city. The significance of the inter-university project lies in providing Perm and Indian students with opportunities to engage with one another, exchange cultural knowledge, establish both friendly and professional communication, and collaborate on the creation of a joint creative product. This initiative fosters interethnic dialogue and enhances the communication skills and intercultural competence of future professionals.

Zakhar Saulovich Katsnelson: the true knight of Science

The article is devoted to an outstanding histologist, an outstanding teacher, a man of exceptional integrity and integrity - Zakhar Saulovich Katsnelson. The authors of this article were interested in him primarily because he is their countryman, a native of the small Ural city of Irbit. Zakhar Saulovich also received his education in the Urals. He entered the medical faculty of the Ural State University in Yekaterinburg, graduated from the Medical faculty of Perm State University. Then Zakhar Saulovich worked for 3 years in Moscow. Yekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk from 1924 to 1991), and in 1929 he was elected by competition to the advanced postgraduate (doctoral) program He moved to Leningrad, where he lived and worked until the end of his days. Zakhar Saulovich worked as the head of the Department of General Biology at the I Leningrad Medical Institute, then as the head of the Department of General Biology at the Naval Medical Academy. In 1948, he was elected by competition as the head of the Department of Cytology, Embryology and Histology of the Leningrad Veterinary Institute, where he worked until his retirement in September 1976. Z.S. Katsnelson's scientific research covered a wide range of issues of important theoretical and practical importance. In agricultural artiodactyls, he studied the embryogenesis of the adrenal gland, in particular, its fetal cortex, revealed the unfounded theory of capsular blastema, and proved the presence of cellular dimorphism in the medulla. Being a true knight of science and a very principled man, Zakhar Saulovich actively participated in the fight against the pseudoscientific views of T.D. Lysenko and O.B. Lepeshinskaya, which were planted in the first post-war years. He became one of the authors of the famous "Letter of the Thirteen", which debunked O.B. Lepeshinskaya's theory about the formation of cells from non-cellular matter. Professor Z.S. Katsnelson was a talented teacher, a brilliant lecturer, he showed a deep interest in the history of morphology and teaching methodology. The article dedicated to the memory of Professor Z.S. Katsnelson examines the main stages of his life and work, the main scientific achievements, professional and personal qualities.

Retro and prospective analysis of complex treatment of a patient with a polyostotic form of osteoclastoma of the maxillofacial region: clinical observation

In global literature there is not sufficient information on the course of the polyostotic form of osteoclastoma and methods of its treatment. For this reason, the analysis of this clinical case may be interesting for oncologists, maxillofacial surgeons and dentists of various specialties, who can reveal both the onset and recurrence of the disease. A characteristic feature of the course of this disease is the relapse of neoplasms with localization of foci in various parts of the upper and lower jaw. A clinical case of polyostotic form of jaw osteoclastoma and patient`s management tactics from 2006 to 2024 are described in the article. The disease was first diagnosed in 2006, when a neoplasm was revealed in the right part of the lower jaw. The neoplasm was removed by resection and mandibular defect was replaced by a carbon implant with further prosthesis. In 2011 a new neoplasm was detected on the left side in the frontal part of the upper jaw. At the same time a relapse of the disease was diagnosed with a new tumor focus in the lower jaw on the right. Surgical treatment was performed. Firstly, the neoplasm in the frontal area of the upper jaw was removed with replacement of the defect with a resection prosthesis. And secondly, a removal of the tumor on the lower jaw with resection of the chin within healthy tissues and replacement of the defect with an implant made of carbon-carbon material "Uglecon M" were performed. In 2023 the patient was invited to the dental hospital of the Clinical Multidisciplinary Medical Center of E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University for dispensary observation and evaluation of the results of the treatment. The obtained results indicate the need for medical follow-up of patients after surgery for osteoblastoclastoma. The effectiveness of jaw implants made of carbon-carbon composite material " Uglecon M" was proved as well.

Valery Aleksandrovich Chereshnev – organizer of the immunological service in the Western Urals

The article is dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Valery Aleksandrovich Chereshnev, a Russian scientist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, known for his works in the field of immunology and pathophysiology. V.A. Chereshnev began his career at Perm State Medical Institute, where he continued his postgraduate studies after graduating with honors. In 1970, he defended his PhD thesis on the topic “On the role of the properties of microbial cells and macroorganisms in the mechanism of development of an early phagocytic reaction to the introduction of typhoid vaccine”. In 1982, he defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic “Closed chest injury in combination with gamma irradiation (clinic, pathogenesis, treatment, medical protection).” He worked as a lecturer and professor in various educational institutions, and also headed scientific laboratories. In 1988, he became the director of the Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and then organized a branch in Yekaterinburg, which was later transformed into the Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, where he also became the director. Valery Aleksandrovich was elected a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chairman of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Vice-President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chairman of the Committee on Science and High Technologies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. In addition, he was elected President of the Russian Scientific Society of Immunologists, organized the Society of Immunologists of the Urals. Currently he is actively developing immunological services in the Western Urals.

Оценка влияния показателей эрозионного потенциала почвы по данным БПЛА на содержание гумуса в условиях опытного поля

The article is devoted to studying the possibilities of digital relief modeling based on UAV survey data when analyzing the spatial distribution of humus in the conditions of an experimental field. The scale of cartographic models was 1:2 000. A key site with an area of 2.62 ha, located within the boundaries of the educational and scientific experimental field of the Perm State Agricultural and Technological University on the territory of the Perm Municipal District of the Perm Territory, was selected as the object of research. The purpose of the study is to assess the spatial distribution of humus using UAV data based on indicators of soil erosion potential. The soil cover of the surveyed area is represented by soddy-podzolic soils of heavy granulometric composition. To obtain a digital terrain model using photogrammetry methods, UAV photography was carried out using a DJI mini 2 quadcopter. Photogrammetric image processing was performed in the Drone Deploy web application. The spatial distribution of humus content in the soils of the key area was determined at 45 points. Soil samples were taken from the depth of the arable layer (0–20 cm) and analyzed in the laboratory of the Department of Agrochemistry and Soil Science of the Perm State Agricultural and Technological University according to GOST 26213-84 with colorimetric finishing. On the territory of the experimental site under study, the humus content has a pronounced spatial autocorrelation. The map of humus content was constructed using the ordinary kriging method. When visually comparing the results of digital relief modeling with a map of the spatial distribution of humus in a key area, the dependence of the increase in the content of organic matter with the values of the elevation of the area, as well as with the distance to the thalwegs (removal zone), is clearly visible. To establish the influence of relief on the humus content in soils, a raster correlation was carried out in the SAGA program, which showed a close relationship between the humus content and the distance to the thalweg and the elevation of the area (r = 0.75). Indicators characterizing moisture content and surface curvature have little effect on the variation of humus content in space.

Population Structure of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) Inhabiting Uncultivated Areas within the Botanic Garden of Perm State University

Population Structure of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) Inhabiting Uncultivated Areas within the Botanic Garden of Perm State University

Картографирование почв на основе аэрофотосъемки с БПЛА

The article presents the results of research on the creation of a detailed soil map (scale 1:2500) using the example of a land plot of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Perm State Agrarian University. The purpose of the research is to improve the methodology of detailed soil mapping using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and methods of geoinformation analysis of aerial photographs. The total area of the plot is 13.4 hectares, on which a UAV survey was carried out on September 12, 2023, and a soil survey was carried out on a detailed scale from June 1 to 24, 2024. Soil mapping was carried out on the basis of field data and a digital elevation model created by photogrammetry methods based on UAV survey materials. The map creation process is automated by creating geoprocessing models in QGIS model builder. Based on the results of creating a detailed soil map, a conclusion was made about the close relationship of soils with characteristic relief elements, which are reflected in classes according to the topographic position index TPI. Keywords: UAV, GEOINFORMATIONAL MAPPING, SOIL MAP

Application of a Standard Simulation Module as a Tool for Professional Development of Higher Education Teachers

The cycle of advanced training of the faculty on the basis of the Federal Accreditation Center of Perm State Medical University was created to form the professional competencies of students and the work functions of teachers. To introduce practical classes into the programs of clinical disciplines, a standard simulation module (SIM) was used, which is becoming a mandatory basis for the educational process at the University. The analysis of 106 SIM showed the use of simulation equipment and identified problems that are the basis for further development of the course.

Possibilities of Simulation Training in Improving Obstetric Care Using the Perm Region as an Example

In the context of solving the problem of reducing cases of critical obstetric conditions and maternal mortality, employees of the Perm State Medical University, on behalf of the Minister of Health of the Perm Territory, developed a comprehensive training program for employees of medical organizations of the obstetric and gynecological profile and chief physicians of the Perm Territory. Over the course of the year, work was carried out to organize on-site training and training for heads of specialized departments.

On the occasion of the 90th anniversary of professor Alexander Alekseevich Shutov`s birth

The life and professional path of Alexander Alekseevich Shutov, the Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, the head of the Department of Neurology and Medical Genetics of E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, are described in the article, as well as his scientific achievements, contribution to the organization of the university’s work, success in training of scientists, educators and neurologists of the Perm Region.

Issues of adaptation of medical simulation training specialists

TThe article discusses issues of adaptation of medical simulation training specialists. When forming an adaptation system, one of the main tasks is the development of personnel adaptation regulations. For future regulation of the process of adaptation of the center’s specialists, types of adaptation in content, methods and activities, used in the Federal Accreditation Center of E. A. Wagner Perm State Medical University, a survey of specialists from simulation centers is planned. In the course of analyzing the responses received and previously identified methods and activities, a document will be prepared regulating the process of adaptation of medical simulation training specialists, which will further speed up the adaptation process and make it more effective for each party in the labor relationship.

UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN THE URAL IN THE 1960-1970S: HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE ISSUE

The paper attempts to identify and analyze the main stages of studying the history of university education in the Urals. The peculiarities of studying the issue under study determined the specifics of the author's approach - the inclusion of works that explore the higher school of the USSR. The author divided the extensive body of discovered historical literature into 2 periods: Soviet and post-Soviet. During the Soviet period, the formation of the study of higher education problems in the USSR, including university education, took place. Monographs, collective works, and papers are actively appearing, which are written in a wide chronological and territorial framework, based on a large statistical array of data. In the post-Soviet period, research on higher education continues. There are papers, the authors of which analyzed the formation and development of regional higher education systems, identified their main stages. Certain aspects of university education in the Urals (specific universities - Perm State University named after A.M. Gorky and Ural State University named after A.M. Gorky). A body of memoir literature dedicated to these higher educational institutions has been identified. The author has not revealed any generalizing works on the history of university education, which stimulates him to further scientific research on this issue.

Tribute to the memory of Zarivchatsky Mikhail Fedorovich - surgeon, organizer of health care, professor of Perm State Medical University

Zarivchatsky Mikhail Fedorovich - surgeon, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Academician of the Academy of Natural Sciences, former Vice-Rector for academic work, head of the Department of Surgical Diseases of Medical Faculty of Prevention, Perm State Medical University named after Academician E. A. Wagner, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Aim to highlight the life path, the biography of the great doctor Zarivchatsky Mikhail Fedorovich and his contribution to the development of surgery, science and healthcare of the Udmurt Republic Materials and research methods. To achieve this goal, it was carried out a theoretical analysis and generalization of literature data on the topic.

Formation of yield and quality of topinambur tubers with different planting techniques

To expand the production of topimanbur in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to develop adaptive cultivation technologies in various regions of the country. Field research was carried out on the territory of the educational and scientific experimental field of the Perm State Technical University. Three variants of the planting scheme were studied: 70x30, 70x40 and 70x50 cm and three variants of the weight of the planting tuber: 20-40 g, 41-60 g and 61-80 g. The applied agrotechnical measures are generally accepted for the non–Chernozem zone. The technology of planting topinambur is a comb. The research results show that with planting schemes of 70x30, 70x40 and 70x50 cm, topinambur forms the exact yield of tubers – 18.3-19.3 t/ha. When used for planting tubers weighing 41-80 g, the yield increases by 1.1-1.7 t/ha, compared with the planting fraction of 21-40 g, due to an increase in plant density by 0.1 pcs. /m2. Biological yield indicators fully reflect the actual yield. Under the studied planting schemes, it was also the same and amounted to 2002.6-2177.9 g/m2, and when planted with larger tubers, it was 271.7-277.0 g/m2 higher than tubers of 20-40 g. The proportion of tubers of the small fraction – 48-59 % prevails in the Jerusalem artichoke crop. The share of the food fraction is 8-16 %. The fractional composition of tubers in the crop does not depend on the mass of the planting tuber. The share of planting tubers in the harvest with schemes 70x30 and 70x40 cm is higher by 6-8 %. A higher dry matter content in tubers was observed when planting tubers weighing 20-60 g – 21.3-21.6 %, and vitamin C – when planting tubers 61-80 g – 14.5 mg/kg. The planting scheme does not affect the biochemical composition of topinambur tubers.

DIDACTIC FOUNDATIONS FOR IMPROVINGTHE COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS THROUGH EDUCATIONALPRACTICE OF “THE CORE OF HIGHER PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION”

The purpose of the article is to describe the didactic conditionsof development of pre-service teachers’communicative competence withinthe framework of implementing the “TheCore of Higher pedagogical education” service-practice. The authors analyzethe problems which update the importance of communicative education in the modern pedagogical university, interpret “The Core of higher pedagogical education” content, and clarify the set of factors which affect the qualitative development of pre-service teachers’ communicative competence.The article describes the experienceof implementing the process design practice in Perm State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University; justifies reasonability of the case method as a leading method; gives the system of exercises of this practice. The authors also highlight potential and real communicativeand professional deficits of the students of a pedagogical university, foundin the course of described practice.

Типология культур Геерта Хофстеде как научная основа педагогического взаимодействия с зарубежными студентами

This article is devoted to the urgent problem of improving the effectiveness of pedagogical interaction with foreign students, speakers of different cultures in the educational environment of a pedagogical university. In the social sciences and humanities, having experienced many crises and paradigm shifts, historically there have been different approaches to the definition of the category “culture”, taking into account its many forms and manifestations. Quantitative methods of studying such a phenomenon as “culture” present certain difficulties. The solution was proposed by Dutch psychologist and sociologist Geert Hofstede, who worked for a long time at IBM, a global multinational corporation with offices and subsidiaries around the world, traveled a lot and conducted research on company employees in different positions in different countries. The hypothesis of Hofstede's research was that the potential cultural differences of the company's employees could, in the short and long term, affect the financial performance of such a large multinational corporation as IBM. Hofstede defined culture as the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes members of one group or category of people from others. The scientist put forward the idea of “cultural dimensions” or special cultural parameters based on the values around which the national culture is organized. Hofstede's Cultural dimensions have become the basis of one of the typologies of cultures. To determine the main factors of human behavior in an organization, the researcher suggested using the following parameters as a support – continuums reflecting such characteristics of behavior as individualism – collectivism; power distance (degree of participation in decision-making concerning everyone); uncertainty avoidance; masculinity – femininity (masculinity – femininity); short and long – term orientation (short – long). One of the cultural parameters is considered in detail in the article. Such a cultural dimension (parameter), which is relevant for our work in the context of planning and organizing individual and group work with foreign students, is the index continuum “individualism – collectivism”. The scientific explanation of this parameter is given, the approaches of domestic and foreign researchers to its definition and measurement are presented. The study highlights the features of “collectivist and individualist cultures”. The regularities and interrelations between the student's belonging to a certain culture and the peculiarities of his teaching and learning style are revealed. The presented features became the basis for the development of methodological recommendations when working with foreign students in order to increase the effectiveness of pedagogical interaction with them. In individualistic cultures, the highest values are independence and selfconfidence. Individual achievements are noted, in contrast to the achievements of the group. There is a predictable emphasis on personality. Representatives of collectivist cultures value group harmony. The group is of paramount importance. Any individual achievement will be marked as an achievement of the whole group, since the members of the group (family, collective, etc.) played a certain role in this. Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University has an extensive practice of working with foreign students (Republic of Kazakhstan, People's Republic of China). Students study at all faculties, levels (bachelor's and master's degree), various areas of training. The staff of the Department of Foreign Language teaching methods basing on Hofstede's research have significantly revised and implemented methods, techniques and forms of work taking into account scientific provisions. The article presents a comparative analysis of the cultures of Russia, China, Kazakhstan, which became possible due to online tools developed by Geert Hofstede. The authors of the article introduce readers to these tools, which significantly expand the possibilities of pedagogical diagnostics when working with foreign students. The significance of Hofstede's research is that “cultural dimensions” allow to a certain extent to use mathematical quantitative methods of studying such an “abstract” phenomenon as culture, to obtain more reliable data for psychological and pedagogical research, to compare different national cultures, to better understand the values of different countries and more effectively build interaction with foreign students.

Добровольные трудовые переселенцы в лесной промышленности Молотовской области в 1950-е гг.: притягивающие факторы

In the late 1940s–1950s, thousands of labor migrants arrived in Molotov Oblast of the USSR to work in the local timber industry. This process became part of a broad government campaign to redistribute labor within the country. However, the resettlement was voluntary, which inevitably led to extensive campaigns to attract personnel. For Molotov Oblast, the “donor” regions were Kaluga and Gorky Oblasts of the RSFSR, the Chuvash and Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, as well as a number of regions of the Byelorussian SSR. Therefore, the campaign, carried out by regional and district authorities, was primarily aimed at residents of these regions. The aim of the study is to analyze the factors influencing their choice to migrate. The article is based on a wide range of sources, which include materials from three archives (State Archive of Perm Krai, Perm State Archive of Social and Political History, and Komi-Permyak District State Archive) – decisions, protocols, memos and other office documents – that shed light on the progress of the resettlement campaign. The second group of sources is materials from periodicals, in particular, the newspaper Lesnik Prikamya [Forester of the Kama Region], the official press organ of the Molotovles plant. The third group of sources is propaganda materials on the topic of resettlement, published in Molotov Oblast in the 1950s. These materials allow us not only to draw a conclusion about the approximate number of migrants who arrived in Molotov Oblast, the scale of return migration, and the progress of improvement of forest settlements, but also to identify a number of factors that had the greatest influence on the resettlement process. First of all, this is an opportunity to improve the financial situation of the family, which was achieved both by direct benefits (payments, loans, etc.) and by high earnings at a new place of work. Secondly, although the general progress of improvement in places of resettlement did not keep pace with the development of the industry, potential migrants were not informed about this, expecting comfortable conditions for work, life and leisure. Thirdly, based on propaganda materials, we can conclude that an additional motive for resettlement could have been the desire to help the homeland: patriotic motives in the postwar period continued to play an important role in public life. Finally, we can highlight the “adventure” component of migration: the mysterious forest region from Pavel Bazhovs fairy tales, rich in “green gold”, attracted migrants from central Russia, although this could hardly serve as the main motive. The action of all of these factors was impossible without active agitation and propaganda in places where migrants were recruited; therefore, the mid-1950s in the USSR saw the peak of agitation campaigns aimed at potential migrants.

Новые данные о фауне пауков (Arachnida: Araneae) Урала

Based on new materials, four species are recorded for the fauna of the Urals for the first time. One species, Tegenaria lapicidinarum, found in the open ground exhibition of the botanical garden of Perm State University, is considered as the newest introduced species. Three species: Agyneta suecica, Entelecara flavipes and Neon valentulus have the easternmost points of their ranges in the Trans-Urals. The side-walking spider Runcinia tarabayevi in the forest-steppe Trans-Urals has the northernmost record. Diagnostic characters are illustrated for three little-known species, A. suecica, E. flavipes and N. valentulus. A review of spiders of the Philodromus rufus species group inhabiting in the Urals is given. Of the three species noted in the literature, collection materials confirm the occurrence of two species: P. aryy and P. vinokurovi. Both species are redescribed and illustrated. The records of species P. rufus for the fauna of the Urals needs confirmation.

Salix alba, S. euxina и S. × fragilis (Salicaceae) в условиях Пермского края

The study is devoted to morphological parameters of the leaves of Salix alba, S. euxina and S. × fragilis. Salix alba samples for the study were selected in the herbarium of the Perm State University (Perm) and signed by I.V. Belyaeva in order to avoid the possible inclusion of hybrid plants. Shoots from cultivated plants of S. euxina and S. × fragilis were collected in August 2024 in Perm. Model shoots were selected from the illuminated part of the crown. All fully developed, more or less symmetrical leaves from the central part of the current year's growth are measured on them. The length and width of the leaf blade leaves were measured using CorelDRAW 2019. The blade shape coefficient was calculated as the ratio of its length to width, the distance from the base of the leaf blade to its widest part, the length of the petiole, and the angle of the apex of the leaf blade was determined. Statistical data processing was performed using PAST 4.13. It was found that the shapes of leaf blades in the studied species have quite definite differences that allow us to fairly confidently differentiate closely related taxa