Peristaltic Pump Research Articles

Comparison of surface freshwater PFAS sampling methods to evaluate potential for bias due to PFAS enrichment in the surface microlayer.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) accumulate at the air-water interface of the surface microlayer (SML) on marine and freshwater bodies. In order to determine if including the SML when sampling bulk surface water leads to a high bias in measured PFAS concentrations, a pilot study and a full field study were conducted. The pilot study conducted at two sites was aimed at determining the analytical precision and small-scale (~1 m) spatial variability in concentrations of PFAS in bulk water and the SML. The full field study was performed at 11 sites, where three commonly used bulk surface water sampling methods were compared: (1) a peristaltic pump with tubing that excludes the SML, (2) a fully submerged sample bottle that excludes the SML, and (3) a partially submerged sample bottle that allows inclusion of the SML. The SML was sampled using the glass plate method. The samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The pilot study indicated that sampling variation was greater than analytical variation (although Levene's tests indicated that the differences were not statistically significant) and that relatively small differences in the mean concentration among sampling methods could be detected. The full investigation indicated that there was no evidence of high bias of PFAS concentrations in bulk surface water resulting from inclusion of SML using the partially submerged bottle sampling method. Unexpectedly, there was evidence that samples collected using the partially submerged bottle had slightly lower PFAS concentrations, particularly for less hydrophobic PFAS, than bulk water samples that excluded the SML. Additionally, the PFAS enrichment factor in the SML increased with increasing retention time, although the increase was not evident at all sampling sites for all PFAS. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:2271-2282. © 2024 SETAC.

Behaviour of effective heat transfer rate in radiating micropolar nanofluid over an expanding sheet with slip effects

The enhancement in the heat transfer rate is one of the vital aspects nowadays for the main objective of various industries to get better quality as well as the longevity of the product. Not only in industries but also in various areas such as in drug delivery, peristaltic pumping process, etc. it is found that this will be benefited by the utility of the various nanofluids that gives rise to enhanced thermal conductivity. Therefore, the present investigation leads to analyse the performance of effective heat transfer rate considering the flow of radiating micropolar nanofluid through a permeable expanding sheet embedding within a permeable medium. Precisely, the consideration of slip boundary conditions of both velocity and thermal profile enhances the flow phenomena. The main focus of the study is the consideration of Gherasim model viscosity and Hamilton-Crosser model which energies the thermal properties. Shooting based “Runge-Kutta fourth-order” technique is useful for the solution of governing equation followed by the transformation of these equations into dimensional form to the non-dimensional for with the help of suitable similarity rules. Further, a robust statistical approach i.e. “response surface methodology” is adopted to get optimized heat transfer rate for various factors in two different conditions such as injection and suction. However, the validation is presented through hypothetical test comparing the variances. Moreover, the important outcomes are: Nanoparticle concentration encourages the flow properties along with the heat transport phenomena. The thermal energy due to the enhanced thermal radiation accelerates the heat transmission rate for both the case of suction/injection.

Numerical study of aphron drilling crosser fluids coating layer incorporated blood with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles injected in esophagus

AbstractThis study aims to explore a novel cross model for peristaltic flow, which has not been previously addressed. The focus is on investigating the peristaltic flow of an incompressible nanofluid within a vertically uniform channel. The current model has application in drug delivery, biomedical engineering, lab on chip etc. Utilizing peristaltic flow for drug delivery systems in symmetric channels offers precise control over fluid motion, non‐Newtonian fluids, such as polymer solutions used in drug formulations, exhibit complex flow behavior that can be manipulated through peristaltic pumping mechanisms. This application has the potential to revolutionize targeted drug delivery, enhancing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing side effects. Studying peristaltic flow in symmetric channels for non‐Newtonian fluids offers interdisciplinary insights and innovative applications. Understanding fluid rheology, channel geometry, and peristaltic pumping can lead to novel strategies for fluid control, with implications for healthcare, biotechnology, and materials science advancements. To simplify the complex system of nonlinear partial differential equations governing the flow, we consider long wavelengths and low Reynolds numbers. Subsequently, we employ Shooting methods to solve this system of equations, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the numerical results for key parameters such as velocity, temperature, concentration, and pressure gradient. The findings are presented through graphical representations of significant flow parameters.

A miniaturized flow batch chemical vapor generation system for Hg determination in fish by ICP-MS

A new flow batch (FB) system for chemical vapor generation (CVG) is proposed for mercury (Hg) determination in fish. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer was used as a detector. Low-cost peristaltic mini pumps were used to propel the solutions and different configurations of FB systems (reactor/gas/liquid separator) were studied. The proposed configuration of the FB-CVG system allows good sensitivity, low limit of detection (LOD) and low consumption of reagents and sample solutions. In summary, only 1 mL of reductant, 1 mL of acid and 0.16 mL of sample are needed. The proposed method has good linearity, precision (better than 5 %), LOD of 0.008 μg g−1 and LOQ of 0.012 μg g−1, and high sample throughput, allowing 90 measurements/h. The accuracy of the method was evaluated through the analysis of a certified reference material (DOLT-4 Dogfish Liver), whose result is in good agreement with certified value (t-test with 95 % confidence level) and the quantification limit meets current legislations, of 1.0 μg g−1 (Brazil) and 0.3 μg g−1 (EU). In addition, analyte recovery test was done, where Hg recovery was better than 95 %, demonstrating the good analytical performance of the method. To demonstrate the applicability of the method, five samples of fish tissue (muscle) were analyzed. The proposed FB-CVG system, in addition to being low cost, is robust and requires only the volume of reagents necessary for Hg vapor generation, producing a very low amount of waste. It can be concluded that the proposed system can be used for routine analysis for Hg determination in fish tissue. It is worth noting that with the appropriate adjustments, the system can be coupled to different Hg detectors.

An<em> in-vitro</em> gastric digestion model with peristalsis function for the analysis of the food gastric digestion

In vitro models of the human stomach offer a robust platform to explore the physicochemical processes during gastric digestion. In Sri Lanka, limited research has been conducted on the digestion behavior of diverse food structures using in vitro digestion models. This study aims to create a custom-built in vitro gastric digestion model, specifically designed for Sri Lankan laboratories to analyze food digestion in a simulated stomach environment. The physical model comprises a butyl rubber chamber simulating the stomach, 4 nylon rollers with 2 rubber belts, driven by geared motors, and 6 nylon pulleys, creating continuous contractions of the rubber chamber. The model simulates the peristaltic movements of the stomach wall, with contraction waves occurring at a frequency of approximately 3 cycles per minute, mimicking in vivo peristaltic movement. Gastric sieving, secretion, emptying, and temperature control mechanisms are employed to recreate dynamic gastrointestinal conditions. A polyester mesh bag with a pore size of 1.5 mm replicates the gastric sieving function, while manual gastric emptying is performed. Gastric juice is secreted into the chamber at a rate of 2.5 mL/min using a programmed peristaltic pump, and an automated temperature control system maintains the ambient temperature at 37 °C. In conclusion, this developed gastric device serves as an effective tool for studying the gastric digestion of various food structures within a simulated stomach environment.

Evaluation of Electrochemical Sensor Using Microfluidic System

This paper presents the characterization and testing of electrochemical sensor using microfluidic system. Various geometric patterns were laser cut into the platinum working electrode of a biosensor. In this work, a microfluidic chamber was designed that allows phosphate buffer solution (PBS) to flow across the sensor, using a peristaltic pump, while varying the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. The amperometric characterization of the electrochemical sensor with 25, 50, 75, and 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m perforation and 75[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m spacing showed the highest sensitivity. This result was to be expected the purpose of patterning the sensors was to provide a 3-dimensional structure to the planar electrode in order for the enzyme, glucose oxidase, to be immobilized. Future work will include selecting one of the patterns for immobilization of glucose oxidase allowing us to realize a fully functional glucose sensor.

Enhanced Removal of Cr (VI) by PEI/nFe3O4 Ultrafiltration Membranes Using Peristaltic Pump-Driven Dynamic Adsorption

In this study, Fe3O4 nanoparticles (nFe3O4) were loaded onto polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membranes and capped with polyethyleneimine in order to form PEI/nFe3O4 ultrafiltration membranes. We used a peristaltic pump as a driver for dynamic adsorption, and the PEI/nFe3O4 ultrafiltration membrane had a good ability to remove hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from wastewater. The full permeate volume of the PEI/nFe3O4 ultrafiltration membrane was maximized at pH 3. Meanwhile, the removal of Cr(VI) from the wastewater reached 98% and reduced to trivalent chromium (Cr(III)). When the initial concentration of Cr(VI) increased, the active sites on the membrane would be filled and the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) would decrease. Meanwhile, the coexisting ions affect the removal efficiency of Cr(VI), and PO43- has a strong negative effect on the removal efficiency. PEI/nFe3O4 ultrafiltration membrane is an effective combination of multifunctional nanomagnetic materials and membrane materials, which can effectively remove hexavalent chromium from wastewater. The study provides a basis for future applications in the environmental remediation of low-concentration chromium-containing wastewater.

Investigating rheological characteristics of nonlinear fluid model in an asymmetric channel: A peristaltic pumping of blood with curvature and hydrodynamic impacts

Theoretical research is investigated for the steady rheology of incompressible blood from an asymmetric (penetrable) channel in the presence of curvature and non-linear hydrodynamic impacts. The motion takes place in an asymmetric channel due to a train of sinusoidal (complex nature) waves along the channel boundaries having different phases. In this study, the Casson fluid is used as blood. The governing equations are modeled in terms of Cartesian coordinates. The impacts of non-linear curvature become significant on the transportation of biological fluid in a complex domain such as the non-pregnant uterus at a higher Reynolds number. An approximate solution of flow models is obtained to the second order in the wavenumber (giving the curvature effect). A domain transformation is used to transform the variable cross-sectional of the flow regime into the uniform cross-section. This transformation helps to find the closed-form solution of transformed rheological equations in higher order. The physical impacts of the curvature parameter, Casson parameter, phase difference, flow rate, Reynolds number, and permeability parameter on the axial velocity, pressure gradient, stress tensor, trapping phenomena, and pressure rise are investigated. The velocity of blood is smaller as it is associated with the viscous fluid. The number of boluses was reduced by increasing the Casson parameter and Reynolds number in the trapping phenomenon. The stress tensor is an increasing function of the permeability parameter and the Reynolds number. The pressure gradient is affected by the permeability parameter. The comparison between viscous fluid and blood is also addressed in the current study. The outcomes of the current study arise in the medical domains, blood study, manufacturing of nano-blood pumps, bio-physical food processing, and chemical industry.

Development and Validation of a Novel Human-Fixed Cadaveric Model Reproducing Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation for Simulation of Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery.

Endoscopic endonasal surgery is a well-established surgical approach to the skull base. Surgeons need a reusable long-lasting tool to acquire the skills needed for skull base reconstruction. The aim of this study was to elaborate and validate a human formalin-fixed cadaveric model that reproduces a realistic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation and that adequately renders a CSF leak. An external ventricular drain that connects with a peristaltic pump is placed in the subarachnoid space, which allows a water circulation that reproduces CSF circulation. Intracranial pressure is measured in real time. Endoscopic endonasal skull base approaches are performed, to create different skull base openings and CSF leaks. Participants were tasked with reconstruction of the defects using a standardized multilayered approach, with the goal of obtaining a watertight closure under normal intracranial pressure ranges. Compiled data included time of reconstruction, years of experience of participants, and success/failure to achieve a watertight reconstruction. A Likert questionnaire was also used. The cadaveric model reproduced CSF circulation in 4 types of dural defects: sellar, suprasellar, transcribriform, and transclival. Intracranial pressures were similar to physiological conditions and were reproducible. Each model was tested multiple times, over several months. Success rates concurred with training levels (r = .8282 and P = .0017). A strong inverse correlation was also found between years of experience and time of reconstruction (r = .4977 and P < .0001). Participants agreed that the model was realistic (median Likert score of 4), and they strongly agreed that it allowed for the improvement of their surgical skills (median Likert score of 5). This novel human-fixed cadaveric model for CSF circulation is efficient and adequately reproduces surgical conditions for skull base approaches. The model is unique, easy to reproduce, and reusable. It can be used as a tool for teaching and for research purposes.

Revolutionary Energy Harvesting: Gravity‐Driven Piezocatalysts for Sustainable Hydrogen Production in MoS2@Mo2CTx Systems

AbstractHydrogen (H2) is mainly produced using steam methane reforming, electrolysis, and gasification, which require external energy and special catalysts. A new catalyst by combining MoS2 nanoflowers (NFs) with metal carbide/nitride nanosheets (Mo2CTx MXene) to create a nanosheet bending moment. The MoS2@Mo2CTx heterostructures achieve a production rate of 1164.8 µmol g−1 h−1 under an application of mechanical force, 4.01 and 3.06 times higher than Mo2CTx and MoS2 alone, due to enhanced charge transfer from MoS2's piezoelectricity and Mo2CTx's conductivity. This study introduces a pioneering methodology that harnesses gravitational energy as a continuous mechanical force, simulated using a peristaltic pump, to drive the piezocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), achieving a notable hydrogen production rate of 454.1 µmol g−1 over 24 hours and demonstrating a sustained capability for hydrogen generation. The theoretical calculation results validate the piezoelectric potential in water‐flow‐pressure triggered HER systems. The piezocatalytic HER system, assuming powered by the Hoover Dam, will produce 290.9 kmoles of hydrogen per ton daily, equivalent to utilizing 19 150 kWh of energy in the electrocatalytic system. The simulated gravity‐driven water flow using MoS2@Mo2CTx piezocatalysts for H2 generation demonstrates superior efficiency by eliminating common thermal energy conversion losses, marking a significant breakthrough in sustainable hydrogen production technologies.

Fabrication of metal-organic frameworks containing Cu2+ coated medical PVC catheters with durable antiplatelet and antibacterial activities

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) catheters are widely used in medical environments especially in blood-contacting devices. In this study, a copper containing MOF material was coated on a PVC catheter to endow it with antiplatelet adhesion and antibacterial activity for potential clinical applications. The immobilization of the coordination polymer containing Cu2+ (Cu-MOF) on the inner surface of PVC catheters was carried out using a bioinspired coating combined with a layer-by-layer self-assembly strategy. Characterization of the Cu-MOF modified surfaces was confirmed using micro-infrared spectroscopy (MIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water contact angle measurements (WCA). The resultant modified surfaces significantly reduced non-specific adsorption to model proteins with excellent anti-biofouling activity, as well as significantly inhibited the platelet adhesion and activation with superior antiplatelet activity. In vitro whole blood circulation test using a peristaltic pump also showed good antithrombotic properties. Besides, the Cu-MOF modified surfaces exhibited good hemocompatibility (hemolysis ratio < 5 %) and excellent antibacterial activity (approximately 97 % against S. auerus and E. coli). This study develops a simple and effective method for the surface modification of medical PVC catheter as potential blood-contacting biomaterials.

Understanding the column and batch adsorption mechanism of pesticide 2,4,5-T utilizing alginate-biomass hydrogel capsule: A computational and economic investigation

Water pollution has remained a pressing concern in recent years, presenting multifaceted challenges in search of effective mitigation strategies. Our study, which targets mitigating pollution caused by 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), a significant aquatic pollutant, is innovative in its approach. We have identified adsorption as a promising, cost-effective method for its removal. Our research strategy involves dynamic adsorption utilizing a peristaltic pump and composite beads containing activated carbon and sodium alginate (CA/Alg), a novel combination that mimics industrial processes. To optimize column adsorption, we examine bead stability under varied pH conditions and optimize parameters such as concentration, adsorption time, and pH through batch adsorption experiments, employing experimental design techniques. Additionally, we optimize column adsorption factors, including bead height, circulation time, and flow rate, crucial for process efficiency, and under these optimum conditions (C2,4,5-T = 80 ppm. pH = 2, t = 27h30min, H = 30 cm and D = 0.5 mL/min) the capacity of adsorption equal to 748.25 mg/g. Characterization techniques like SEM, EDX, BET analysis, XRD, and FTIR provide insights into the morphology, composition, surface area (331 m2/g), pore volume (0.11 cm3/g), crystal structure, and functional groups of the CA-P/Alg adsorbent. Theoretical analysis elucidates the adsorption mechanism and interaction with pollutants. Economic analysis, encompassing CAPEX and OPEX estimation, evaluates the feasibility of implementing this cleanup method at an industrial scale, considering initial investment and ongoing operational costs, indicating potential savings of 64 % compared with the activated carbon normally used on the Moroccan market. This comprehensive and innovative approach addresses water pollution challenges effectively while ensuring economic viability for industry-scale implementation.

Intelligent computing for the electro-osmotically modulated peristaltic pumping of blood-based nanofluid

The study delves into a novel application of artificial neural networks within the biomedical realm, specifically focusing on the peristaltic pumping of ionized blood-infused nanofluid using the Casson model. The investigation takes into account the impacts of electrokinetic forces, chemical reaction, thermal radiation and variable thermal conductivity. The endorsed nanofluid model encompasses both thermophoretic and Brownian diffusions. The Nernst-Planck and Poisson equations are used to characterize electroosmotic process. The mathematical model is then numerically solved using NDSolve in Mathematica. The variation in relevant hemodynamic characteristics concerning key flow parameters is explored through numerous graphical representations. Two distinct artificial neural networks have been developed to estimate values for rates of mass and heat transfer. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is used as the training algorithm in network models with multi-layer perceptron architecture. Graphical inspection of the results demonstrates a decrease in blood flow with an elevated Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity. A lower pressure gradient is recorded with a higher electroosmotic parameter. Furthermore, an augmentation in the thermal conductivity parameter leads to a reduction in heat transfer rate at the wall. The concentration profile demonstrates an increase with a rise in the chemical reaction parameter. The results obtained from the neural network models exhibit an ideal harmony with the target values. The developed neural network models demonstrated the ability to predict rates of heat and mass transfer values with average deviations of −0.01% and 0.004%, respectively.

Detection of microplastics in zebrafish housing systems: Can microplastic background contamination affect the final results of microplastic-related toxicological tests?

Concentrations of microplastics (MPs) were determined in three commonly used zebrafish housing systems to see if their levels could affect the final results of laboratory microplastic-related toxicology tests.MPs have received notable attention in the last few years, and their toxicology tests have also come to the fore. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), kept in fish housing systems, are widely used as models for MPs studies. Most of these systems contain a significant number of parts made of different polymers. As usage and amortization can erode these parts, MPs might appear in the keeping water or the fish body, which may represent a background load and possibly influence the results of microplastic-related toxicological tests.To take representative water samples from systems, two in-situ filtration techniques, a newly developed peristaltic pump-, and a jet pump-driven method were applied. The collected MP particles were analyzed with a Fourier-transform infrared microscope (detection limit 50 μm), and their possible origin was also investigated.The newly developed technique was more sufficient for sampling as it had a higher MPs recovery, especially in the smaller size range. Polyester, polyethylene and polypropylene were the most frequently detected polymers in the examined fish housing systems, the highest detected concentration was 0.31±0.12 particles/liter (0.22±0.16 μg/liter). These values are negligible compared to the literature data reporting enormously high applied MPs concentrations (104 - 2.21 × 108 particles/liter) during toxicology tests. The results also show that some detected MPs did not originate from the systems, their origin was presumed to be external.

Susceptibility evaluation and PK/PD integration of tulathromycin against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae during the mutant selection window.

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is a serious pathogen that affects the development of livestock breeding. Due to excessive use of antimicrobial drugs, many multidrug-resistant bacteria have emerged and spread, which have threatened the livestock industry. Therefore, we established a peristaltic pump infection model (PPIM) to evaluate the susceptibility change and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) integration of tulathromycin against APP during the mutant selection window (MSW) for preventing the emergence of mutant-resistant bacteria. The 99% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC99) and mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of tulathromycin against APP were measured using the agar-plate method. After the model of dynamic infection had been established based on tulathromycin data in lungs, different dosages were administered to make the drug concentrations located in different parts of the MSW. The population and sensitivity of APP were monitored. Tulathromycin concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Finally, a sigmoid Emax model was used to analyze the relationships between PK/PD parameters and antibacterial effects. The values of MIC, MIC99, and MPC of tulathromycin against APP were 2, 1.4, and 44.8 μg/mL, respectively. The PPIM was stable. An elimination effect without regrowth was observed at 5.6 to 44.8 μg/mL (-4.48 to -7.05 Log10 CFU/mL, respectively). The MIC of APP increased 32-fold at 8 MIC99. AUC168 h/MIC99 had the best fit with the antibacterial effect (R 2 = 0.9867). The AUC168 h/MIC99 required to achieve bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and clearance effects were 1.80, 87.42, and 198 h, respectively. Our results could provide guidance for the clinical application of tulathromycin to treat APP infection and avoid the generation of drug-resistant bacteria.

Development of a flow reactor incorporating polydopamine-poly(ε-caprolactone) with gold particles

Addressing the significant challenge of dye wastewater pollution, this study introduces a novel solution employing a flow catalytic reactor loaded with gold (Au) particles. The reactor utilizes a porous monolithic material with a Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix as the carrier for Au particles, with polydopamine employed to immobilize the Au onto the surface of the PCL monolith. To assess the catalytic efficiency of the reactor, a model catalytic degradation experiment involving the reaction between methyl orange (MO) and sodium borohydride was conducted. The catalytic reaction was facilitated by a peristaltic pump. The reactor setup involved fixing the monolith within a heat shrinkable tube, and the peristaltic pump ensured the flow catalytic reaction. The protective effect of liquid nitrogen was utilized to confirm that the porous structure of the PCL monolith, with its low melting point, remained intact after being fixed in the heat shrink tube. Catalytic results revealed remarkable efficacy, with the decomposition efficiency of MO reaching 98.54%. This flow reactor enables continuous operation, making it more practical for real-world applications compared to traditional batch methods. Furthermore, even after 5 cycles, the sample maintained a catalytic efficiency exceeding 90%, demonstrating the excellent reusability of the reactor.

Optimization design analysis on sodium chloride solution evaporative crystallization system driven by high-temperature heat pump

Industrial crystallization is an essential procedure for food, chemistry, and seawater desalination, whereas it accompanies with considerable energy consumption. Although the mechanical vapor recompression serves as an effective tool for heat recovery, it cannot adapt to the lower evaporation temperatures of crystallization process (45–90 °C). To address the above issues, this paper proposed a composited system consisting of high-temperature heat pump and draft tube baffle evaporative crystallizer, which can achieve higher energy efficiency. The coupling mathematical model is solved through the Newton iterative method. The optimized input parameter is determined based on thermal analysis, and the coefficient of performance can reach 5.85. Moreover, the system employs R1234ze as the working medium, achieving the minimum total heat exchange area of 19.27 m2. Simultaneously, this system with different evaporation capacities exhibit similar cycle rates, approximately 58.3. After the system is constructed, the energy-saving and economic evaluation is performed. The result indicates that the system demonstrates an annual carbon dioxide emission reduction about 550 tons, an annual cost reduction of 221,718 CNY, and a dynamic payback period of only 0.89 years, presenting significant economic advantages. By this study, it provides some theoretical guidance for practical engineering applications.

Liquid Flow Control System Using Arduino Microcontroller

Abstract: An automated system presented here is designed to control the flow of fluid or liquid. The system uses automated peristaltic Pump to control the liquid flow. The peristaltic pump used here is designed and developed by the author according to the requirement of the application. The stepper motor movement of pump is controlled by using Arduino Microcontroller. Liquid flow through the pump is controlled in two ways: Automatic and manual mode. Such systems can be used in small industries for fluid separation from slurry or slug. Also can used where pre described amount of liquid or fluid is required in application.

Design of a Lab built Fully Automated Microfluidic Fluorometric System for Fluorescent Dye Applications

Microfluidics can process small amounts of fluids by using microscopic channels with microscale dimensions ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers. Many researchers have recently been working on smaller analytical equipment, such as micro-flow cytometers. These gadgets offer numerous advantages, including portability, low cost, and low power consumption. It can also be integrated with other microfluidic devices for multitasking applications. In this study, the fluorescein dye was estimated using a lab-builtfully automated microfluidic fluorometric system. The developed system contained a microfluidic chip with two lines, each four centimetres long and with a volume of 15 μL. In this setup, two Arduino UNO (R3 version) microcontrollers were programmed using homebrew software. The first was to manage the two improvised peristaltic pumps, which successfully introduced the fluorescein dye to the water stream automatically, replacing the manual injection. The volume of the fluorescein sample was modified by varying the fluorescein line's run time. The second one was utilized to record the output signal. The method accurately identified fluorescein concentrations up to 0.01 μg/mL and 0.999 as a regression coefficient for six points. The RSD% (Relative Standard Deviation) for ten 0.08 μg/mL fluorescein measurements was 0%, and the detection limit was 1x10-4 μg/mL. The suggested method can measure 300 samples per hour while decreasing the amounts of reagents and waste. This microfluidic fluorometric system has the potential to be used for fluorescent dye assays in a variety of applications.

Operating principles of peristaltic pumping through a dense array of valves

Operating principles of peristaltic pumping through a dense array of valves