Work Period Research Articles

Ценностно-смысловые факторы ожидаемого профессионального долголетия магистрантов программы «Психология профессий особого риска»

<p>The work aims to study the connection between value-semantic indicators and characteristics of age and planned professional longevity among undergraduates. Subjects: Master's students in the educational program "Psychology of Special Risk Professions" - 35 people (27 of them women, average age 37.4 + 7.39 years. Methods: "Hierarchy of Personality", assessment of personal attitude "egoism - altruism", real structure questionnaire on value orientations of the individual, “expected retirement age” scale, diagnostics of biological age, self-assessment of psychological age, regression analysis. Results: Three age indicators have been identified that characterize expected professional longevity and associated complexes of value-semantic characteristics 1) Expected retirement age characterizes. the duration of the planned working period. It is increased by the set of values: “rest and respect,” which includes the values of rest, interesting pastime, respect, and recognition from others. 2) Index of biological aging is reduced by the set of values “healthy altruism,” which includes the values of health, altruism, and material well-being. 3) The index of psychological aging is lowered by the complex of values “free time”, which includes the values ​​of communication, free time, and, in the opposite direction, the value of the family sphere and social activity. Conclusion: the expected professional longevity of master's students studying in the educational program "Psychology of special risk professions" is associated with their value-semantic orientations.</p>

Antimoniosis: Radiological Insights into a Rare Pneumoconiosis in Miners.

Pneumoconiosis describes diseases caused by the accumulation of inorganic dust particles in the lungs, leading to tissue damage. The diagnosis relies on a history of exposure and compatible radiological findings. We aimed to investigate the radiological findings in individuals exposed to antimony-inert dust relative to their working periods. Fifty-six symptomatic male antimony miners were retrospectively evaluated for demographics and chest computed tomography (CT) scans. The demographic and radiological data of patients with a history of antimony mining, who presented at our pulmonary clinic between June 2017 and June 2023, were analyzed according to the duration of exposure. The study included 56 male patients with a mean age of 58.5±13.02 years and a mean exposure duration of 13.63 ± 6.82 years. CT scans showed that 73.2% (n=41) had upper and middle lung zone involvement, and 55.4% (n=31) had extensive involvement. Micronodules with centriacinar ground-glass opacities were the most common finding (n=37, 66.1%), followed by nodular opacities with irregular margins (n=22, 39.3%) and solid micronodules (n=20, 35.7%). Patients with over 20 years of exposure had significantly higher rates of respiratory and cardiovascular disease (p<0.05). Increased exposure time correlated with more extensive parenchymal involvement and higher rates of calcification in mediastinal lymph nodes, solid micronodules, nodular opacities with irregular margins, honeycombing, and conglomerate mass appearance. Radiological findings in pneumoconiosis generally worsen with longer exposure. Given the scarcity of up-to-date information on antimony pneumoconiosis, further studies focusing on radiological findings and chemical analyses of those exposed to antimony mine dust are essential to identify related pathologies.

Effect of different working periods on missed diagnosis of colorectal polyps in colonoscopy

BackgroundTo investigate the effect of different working periods on missed diagnoses in patients with colorectal polyps in colonoscopy.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who were diagnosed with colorectal polyps during colonoscopy in an outpatient department between July and December 2022. These patients were subsequently hospitalized for resection during this period. Patients with missed diagnoses were those who had newly discovered polyps in a second colonoscopy. The working periods were categorized as work, near the end of work, and delayed work, respectively, in the morning and afternoon.ResultsA total of 482 patients were included, and the miss rate of diagnosis was 48.1% (232/482), mainly in the transverse colon (25%), and the ascending colon (23%). Patient age was a risk factor for the miss rate of diagnosis (OR = 1.025, 95%CI: 1.009–1.042, P = 0.003) and was also associated with the number of polyps detected for the first colonoscopy (χ2 = 18.196, P = 0.001). The different working periods had no statistical effect on the missed rate of diagnosis (χ2 = 1.998, P = 0.849). However, there was an increasing trend in miss rates towards the end of work and delayed work periods, both in the morning and afternoon. The highest miss rate (60.0%) was observed during delayed work in the afternoon. Additionally, poor bowel preparation was significantly more common during delayed work in the afternoon.ConclusionsThe increasing trend in miss rates towards the end of work and delayed work periods deserves clinical attention. Endoscopists cannot always stay in good condition under heavy workloads.

Machine Cost-Effectiveness in Earthworks: Early Warning System and Status of the Previous Work Period

Estimating earthwork costs is challenging due to the use of high-cost construction machines, the performance of works in dynamic, changing, and uncertain conditions, and the issues of machine actual productivity. In earthworks, there is a constant need to track, control, and analyze the progress to reduce costs. The management of machines’ work on construction sites is complex due to an unknown or insufficiently accurate assessment of their actual productivity, and it relies heavily on the site manager’s (in)experience. The cost-effectiveness of the contracted price for the operation of the machines may be questionable. This paper proposes a model for machine cost-effectiveness in earthworks. The proposed model consists of an Early warning system and Status of the previous work period. The Early warning system can provide timely and reliable detection of cost-effectiveness and profitability thresholds for excavators and tipper trucks during the excavation and material removal. The Status of the previous work period is time-dependent and provides a final assessment of the cost-effectiveness of excavators and tipper trucks for the past month or a more extended time. Applying the proposed model at the construction site of the infrastructure project demonstrated its practicality and purpose.

Decision Support System For Manager Placement In The Plantation Industry Using Topsis Method

Accuracy in placing employees determines the performance of a company. Likewise done by PT XYZ in determining the placement of managers in the plantation industry by using a decision support system. This is done in order to minimize the level of subjectivity of the manager placement determination system at PT XYZ. This research aims to provide alternative preference values to prospective employees who will occupy manager positions in the plantation industry. The method used in the placement of managers with a decision support system is the technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The criteria used in this method are 7 criteria taken based on the criteria for BUMN talent management according to the Regulation of the Minister of BUMN Number PER-3 / MBU / 03/2023, these criteria are Professional Work Period, Variety of Work Experience, Managerial Competence, Technical Competence, Educational Strata, Performance Assessment Results, Level of Punishment that has been received. The results of this study are from the results of the calculation analysis through the TOPSIS method on 7 alternatives, then there is name number 5 managed to get the best score of 0.80 and was determined as a preference to be placed in class A garden.

Work Fatigue among Women Fish Processors on the South Coast of Jember District, Indonesia

Introduction: Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) problems need to be addressed because the cause of the high number of work accidents is work fatigue. One of the factors that causes work fatigue is workload. Coastal women, who are identified as a marginal group with a low level of education, have a large role in fishing households and have a high workload. This research aims to analyze work fatigue based on workload. Methods: This research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The respondents involved were fishermen's wives who lived in the research locus (Puger District). The number of respondents in this study was 75 people using proportional stratified random sampling techniques. The quantitative data collected include sociodemographic factors, namely demographic factors (age and body mass index) and work factors (work period, workload, and work climate), as well as work fatigue factors. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and measurements. The data in this study were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient test which was presented in table form accompanied by narrative. Results: The results show that 44.0% have a level of heavy work fatigue. The risk factors of age, working time, and workload have a significant relationship with work fatigue at work. Body mass index (BMI) and work climate were not significantly related to work fatigue. Conclusion: The high workload of women fish processors causes a lot of work fatigue, so it requires attention from industry owners to manage working time.

Personal Protective Equipment Compliance In Preventing Hearing Loss In Agro-Industrial Area

Background: In Indonesia the impact of noise that causes hearing loss is still high compared to other countries in Southeast Asia. Noise can cause hearing loss in workers if the scale of the noise is high and occurs continuously. It can also trigger a decline in health that will have an impact on the performance of workers. Objective: to Analysis of PPE Compliance in Preventing Hearing Loss in Agro-Industrial Area. Methods: The research in this study used the literature review method. This search strategy uses several databases such as Pubmed, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. This search use keywords PPE, Hearing Loss, and Agro-industrial. Results: Increasing noise intensity, duration of work, and duration of exposure can cause hearing loss because the inner hair cells and supporting cells are damaged. The longer the working period, the greater the noise exposure it will receive. The use of PPE can effectively prevent noise-induced hearing loss. Conclusion: Workers exposed to noise are highly susceptible to hearing loss. It depends on the intensity of the noise, the duration of exposure, the sensitivity of the individual or the worker itself and the frequency of the noise. Noise can be prevented, one of which is by using personal protective equipment when working. In this case, nurses can educate related to the use of PPE to prevent hearing loss.

EMERGING NEMATOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN THE CAMPANIA REGION

During a fifteen-year period of work carried out by the Test facility for the farm acquisition to be used to conduct efficacy trials against nematodes, a survey was carried out on nematological problems occurring in the Campania Region. The investigations has shown that the genus Meloidogyne spp., in particular the species M. incognita, is the most widespread and harmful trophic group. These nematodes are found in particular on horticultural plants in the sandy soils of the coastal areas and especially under protected conditions. Infestations of the cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida on potato in the neighbouring Caserta and Neapolitan areas, H. goettingiana on leguminous plants, especially peas, and H. daverti on carnation in the Vesuvian foothills are also common. In the Nocerino-Sarnese countryside, infestations by the stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, on onions are still severe. On fruit trees are common Mesocriconema xenoplax on actinidia, Meloidogyne incognita and M. hapla on peach trees and Tylenchulus semipenetrans on citrus fruits. Among the virus transmitting nematodes, Xiphinema diversicaudatum is very harmful to peach trees in Terra di Lavoro, in the Carinola (Caserta) area, and X. index to grapevines in the Benevento and Avellino areas. Key Words: phytoparasitic nematodes, crops, distribution, damage.

The Struggling Nightingales: Determinants of Resilience and Intention to Stay Among Nurses in a Type C Hospital In Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia

Intention to stay in the nursing profession is a complex phenomenon related to hospital operational management. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between various potential determinants in influencing the intention to stay in nurses who work at a type C private hospital in Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia. This research was an questionnaires-based analytical descriptive study, involving nurses (work period more than one year) from all medical units in the hospital. The relationships between determinants were modeled and analyzed using path analysis. In conclusion, age and work experience have a significant negative influence on burnout levels, while the work environment has a significant negative influence on burnout. Additionally, age and work experience have a significant positive influence on job satisfaction, which is mediated by burnout. Furthermore, job satisfaction has a significant positive influence on resilience, which in turn has a significant positive influence on intention to stay.

Balancing act: exploring work-life balance among nursing home staff working long shifts

BackgroundNursing home staff often face challenges in achieving a satisfactory work-life balance, particularly because of the nature of shift work. While long shifts offer extended periods off work, their impact on the delicate balance between work and leisure remains understudied in the context of nursing homes. This study investigated the experiences of nursing home staff in Norway working long shifts lasting 12–14 h and their perceptions of the balance between family life and work.MethodsEighteen nursing home staff members were interviewed following a semi-structured qualitative approach. The participants worked in three types of long shifts and provided insights into their experiences, addressing issues such as work hours, shift patterns, and work-family balance.ResultsThe study revealed four main categories: (1) impact of long shifts on family life—the highs and lows; (2) maximizing time off with long shifts; (3) reducing job stress with long shifts; and (4) full-time work leads to predictable hours and stable income. The participants emphasised the distinct separation between work and leisure during long shifts, acknowledging limited social life during working periods but appreciating extended periods off. Family life posed challenges, especially with young children, but the participants found benefits in the longer periods of family time during days off. Longer rest periods and reduced commuting time were perceived as advantages of long shifts, contributing to better sleep, reduced stress and overall well-being. Long shifts also allowed for more predictable working hours and income, supporting a stable work-life balance.ConclusionBalancing work and family life involves more than just the number of hours spent at work; it also encompasses the quality of those hours both at work and at home. Our findings underscore the complex interplay between work and family life for nursing home staff working long shifts. While challenges exist, benefits such as extended time off, improved sleep, reduced stress, and predictable working hours contribute positively to their work-life balance. Long shifts in nursing homes offer a unique perspective on achieving work-life balance, revealing both the challenges and advantages inherent in such schedules. Understanding the experiences of nursing home staff in this context can inform future innovations in shift scheduling, promoting a more balanced and sustainable work environment for healthcare professionals. For some healthcare staff, extended shifts can lead to a better work-life balance.

Simple Additive Weighting to Determine The Best Employee in a Freight Forwarding and Logistics Company

The problem is that there is no method used to determine the best employee in the company based on the criteria set by the company. The purpose of this research is to propose simple additive weighting as a method for finding the best employees according to the weighting carried out. To make decisions, there are several criteria and criteria weights that are needed as a measuring tool to assess employees who will be promoted, attendance, QSM, Quiz, leading. Period of work and team work. The weight value of each criterion is attendance 0.20, QSM 0.25, Quiz 0.15, leading 0.20, tenure 0.10 and team work 0.10. Quality service management (QSM) if sub criteria &lt; 200 QSM value 1, sub criteria 201 - 300 QSM value 2, sub criteria 301 - 400 QSM value 3, sub criteria 401 - 500 QSM value 4, sub criteria 501 - 600 QSM value 5. The results of the analysis with the saw method obtained two employees who got the highest score who had the right to be promoted for promotion with a value of 84.25 and 82.25. the conclusion is that the SAW method is influential in supporting and facilitating decision making to determine promoted employees.

Formation of yield structure elements of winter bread wheat varieties when sown after peas in the conditions of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”

Field trials were carried out on the basis of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2021–2023. Peas were used as a forecrop. In the trials there were studied 14 winter bread wheat varieties of the competitive variety testing conducted in the laboratory for breeding and seed production of winter bread wheat of semi-intensive type. The purpose of the current work was to study the effect of yield structure elements on the productivity of winter bread wheat varieties bred by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” when sown after peas in the southern part of the Rostov region. Analysis of the results has shown that the yield of 2021–2023 varied from 7.34 t/ha for the standard variety ‘Don 107’ to 8.45 t/ha for the variety ‘Premiera’. During the period of work, there were estimated such structure elements as ‘number of productive stems’, ‘length of a head’, ‘number of spikelets in a head’, ‘number of grains in a head’, ‘grain weight per head’, ‘1000-grain weight’. The trait ‘number of productive stems’ varied from 600 pcs./m² to 720 pcs./m², the maximum values were obtained from the varieties ‘Ayuta’ (650 pcs./m²), ‘Volny Don’ (678 pcs./m²), ‘Polina’ (680 pcs./m²), ‘Region 161’ (681 pcs./m²), ‘Volnitsa’, ‘Donets’ (700 pcs./m²), ‘Flagman’ (702 pcs./m²), ‘Aksai’ (708 pcs./m²), ‘Premiera’ (718 pcs./m²), ‘Ambar’ (720 pcs/m²). During the studied period, the varieties were divided into such two groups according to the length of a head as ‘medium-headed (8–10 cm) including the varieties ‘Don 107’, ‘Zhavoronok’, ‘Podarok Krymu’, ‘Ayuta’, ‘Region 161’, ‘Volny Don’, ‘Flagman’ and ‘long-headed’ (more than 10 cm) including the varieties ‘Zolotoy Kolos’, ‘Polina’, ‘Donets’, ‘Volnitsa’, ‘Ambar’, ‘Premiera’, ‘Aksai’. The limits of variability in the trait ‘number of grains per head’ for the winter bread wheat samples ranged from 28.7 pcs. (‘Volny Don’) to 38.7 pcs. (‘Zolotoy Kolos’). The trait ‘grain weight per head’ of the standard variety ‘Don 107’ was 1.30 g, high values of the trait (НСР05 = ±0.05 g) were identified in such varieties as ‘Polina’ and ‘Donets’ (1.36 g), ‘Zhavoronok’ (1.39 g), ‘Zolotoy Kolos’ (1.45 g). The trait ‘1000-grain weight’ varied from 35.3 g (‘Podarok Krymu’) to 48.0 g (‘Donets’). Large grains were formed by the varieties ‘Zhavoronok’ (40.0 g), ‘Flagman’ (40.6 g), ‘Premiera’ (45.1 g), ‘Aksai’ (45.2 g), ‘Volnitsa’ (47.0 g), ‘Donets’ (48.0). Significant contribution to the formation of productivity of the new winter bread wheat varieties bred by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” was made by the traits ‘1000-grain weight’ (r = 0.75±0.18), ‘length of a head’ (r = 0.66±0.21), ‘number of productive stems’ (r = 0.61 ± 0.22) and ‘grain weight per head’ (r = 0.57 ± 0.23).

Safety improvement in open-pit mines with challenging mining conditions through upgrading avalanche prevention measures

One of the most common problems mining companies face in developing open-cut deposits in complicated geological and climatic conditions is avalanches during the spring-winter work period. This phenomenon is accompanied by a rapid displacement of snow masses, which can lead to catastrophic consequences. In this regard, the article aims to develop a modernized set of measures for avalanche protection. Prevention of avalanches of catastrophic scale, leading to blockages, road closures, and accidents, and the introduction of measures to reduce accidents and injuries in quarries and dumps, is a time-consuming task that requires serious approaches to its solution. The main research method is analyzing the applied anti-avalanche measures for active impact on snow cover and considering the possibility of using safer methods for active impact on avalanches at a particular mining enterprise. This approach allows for the evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of the avalanche measures used and for choosing a set of measures to ensure more effective avalanche protection. The authors analyzed the existing shortcomings in the regulatory documents related to the provision of avalanche protection and anti-avalanche measures. It was found that they are not able to effectively ensure the development of internal local documents of enterprises in the field of anti-avalanche measures at the present stage. The resulting study showed that a comprehensive solution to the problem is needed through the introduction of several anti-avalanche devices to reduce the likelihood of avalanches of catastrophic scale. For the first time, the authors attempted to justify the possibility of using a modernized set of measures for the preliminary descent of snow avalanches to solve the problem of avalanche protection in the conditions of a real mountain object. The results obtained can be used to reduce the level of occupational injuries by reducing or eliminating accidents associated with unforeseen avalanches during the operation of an existing quarry.

Calculation of Productivity Loss at Batching Plant Due to Production Decline

The Batching Plant owned by PT Semen Indogreen Sentosa was established in the Binjai-Langsa Section on the Trans Sumatera Toll Road Project specifically to handle the demand for ready-mix concrete in the project. However, several obstacles in the project have caused a decrease in production from the batching plant, necessitating an evaluation of productivity loss due to these issues. The productivity loss calculation was conducted by sampling one of the batching plants over a 1-month working period using three approaches/methods: Zink’s Method, Thomas Baseline Technique, and Ibbs Statistical Approach. The calculation results from these three approaches provided a range of minimum daily productivity values, which should be 4.40 w-h/m3 - 2.48 w-h/m3, which can then be used as a reference for evaluation purposes, claims, etc.

The influence of work activity on the duration and quality of life of older people (analytical review)

The problems of optimal participation in labor activity of people of older age groups are considered. The dynamics of demographic aging are characterized by duality: against the background of chronological aging, biological rejuvenation of the world's population occurs, which significantly increases human potential. We must move away from erroneous ideas about older age as a period of “sluggish living”; on the contrary, this age provides a person with the opportunity to live a highly productive life. It can be reasonably argued that the older generation today has become more mobile and socially active. Global trends in the transformation of the labor market demonstrate a gradual shift in the employment structure towards older ages. Labor is the basis for the social self-realization of older people and a condition for prolonging active life. The average life expectancy of pensioners who remain active is significantly higher than those who have stopped working. Labor is the most powerful geroprotector! Protecting the physiological state of intelligence in old age is the main task of gerontology and geriatrics. We need to be very critical of current ideas about the degradation of intelligence in old age. The process of intellectual development of a person of mental labor is fundamentally limitless - this is the main way of his existence as an individual. The level of education has a significant impact on life expectancy. People with higher levels of education have lower mortality rates and longer life expectancy. The dominant models of the social status of older people forcefully pushes the elderly person out into “well-deserved rest.” The introduction of a mandatory retirement (“disabled”) age for everyone means that the legislator declares the experience accumulated by older people to have lost social significance. This attitude is a factor in the growth of social tension and impedes the formation of social cohesion, gives rise to a social trend of age discrimination - “ageism”, which manifests itself, in particular,in difficulties in finding a job and in the reduced level of wages for older people. As a result, over the past decade, the number of working pensioners in Russia and the duration of their period of work after retirement have decreased significantly. It is necessary to create a long-term doctrine of the work activity of older people.

Cooler break areas: Reducing heat stress among construction workers in Japan

This study explores the break environment conditions provided to construction workers in hot and humid climates and assesses the impact of the thermal conditions in rest areas on the physiological and psychological responses of the workers. It was conducted during summer in Japan with 26 male rebar workers across five construction sites by monitoring variables such as ambient temperature, humidity, step count, pulse rate, blood pressure, forehead skin temperature, and fatigue level. Workers worked for approximately 8–9 h per day, with scheduled 15–30-min short breaks at 10:00 and 15:00, in addition to a 1-h break at lunchtime. While the work sites exhibited temperatures ranging from 30.0 to 38.4 °C and relative humidity between 47.0 and 87.2 %, the thermal conditions in the rest areas varied, with temperatures from 26.9 to 35.8 °C and relative humidity from 45.4 to 83.4 %. We found that break periods in cooler areas led to lower pulse rates and prevented excessive pulse pressure decreases after exercise. Additionally, the combination of a cooler environment during breaks with a cooling jacket led to lower maximum forehead skin temperatures during the subsequent work periods. However, workers tended to report higher tiredness levels when break areas were cooler. Therefore, while providing cool rest areas is beneficial for worker recovery and preventing heat-related illnesses, the potential negative effects on workers’ perception of tiredness should be considered.

Effects of interval training in cardiovascular disease populations: a clinical perspective.

Nearly 20 years have elapsed since the first clinical trial investigated the impact of interval training on patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). This clinical corner discusses the health outcomes of systematic reviews and meta-analyses and appropriately powered randomized clinical trials which have tested these interval training programs across various CVDs (i.e., coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral arterial disease, and cardiac implantable electronic devices). The publications included in this clinical corner have shown that interval training leads to similar or superior improvements in peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), functional capacity, pain free walking, quality of life, anxiety, depression, and endothelial function, but the magnitude of improvements across varying protocols (e.g., length and number of work periods, intensities of work periods, duration of exercise sessions, frequency of exercise sessions, and duration of program) and optimal dosage for males and females are unclear across CVD conditions. The heterogeneity in protocols, physical and mental health outcome measures, and lack of sex- and gender-based analyses calls for more high-quality research in this area.

STUDYING THE IMPACT OF DUST EXPOSURE AND ASSESSING THE RISK TO EMPLOYEE HEALTH

Purpose. This article is dedicated to the experimental determination of the level of dust pollution during ore crushing and the study of the long-term impact of dust exposure on workers, as well as the assessment of their health risk. Design/methodology/approach. To achieve this goal, we carried out full-scale measurements of dust pollution in real working conditions, performed mathematical modelling to analyse the data and predict the dust load over a certain period, and calculated the conditional risk to employees. Conclusions. As a result of the experiment, it was found that during the operation of the crusher, the concentration of dust in the air significantly exceeds the maximum permissible concentration (2 mg/m3). A mathematical dependence describing the dynamics of changes in the concentration of dust in the air was obtained. The average dust load per worker during a work shift and the average daily dust load, the conditional risk of an inhalation occupational disease in workers, the dust load per worker for different periods of time depending on the use/non-use of a respirator are calculated and it is proved that the use of PPE significantly reduces the impact of dust load on the worker. Limitations/consequences of research. The proposed methods for calculating conditional risk and predicting dust exposure for workers are universal for those professions in which there is significant dust pollution in the workplace. Practical consequences. The results of the study can be used to calculate and assess the dust exposure of employees during different periods of work, which will help to select the optimal personal protective equipment for employees. Originality/meaning. For the first time, an integrated method has been applied, which includes field studies of dust pollution in the workshop of a business entity, namely a mining and processing plant, mathematical modelling with modern applied software tools and, accordingly, a reasonable prediction of the consequences of long-term exposure to dust load, taking into account the conditional risk of respiratory disease.

Зримое и телесное как невыразимое (Федоров – Толстой – Шестов – Розанов – Шкловский)

At the turn of the 19th–20th century and in the first third of the 20th century literary conventions changed, the poetic word reached the limits of the expressible. The article argues that aesthetic thought in this period is developing largely under the influence of L.N. Tolstoy’s late period of work, when he radically revised his view of the unity and monolithic nature of narrative, testing a new mode of writing. On the other hand, it is shown that the views of N.F. Fedorov and L.N. Tolstoy’s role of scientific knowledge largely determines the worldview during this period. The article proves the position that the limits of the expressible in art also correspond to the desire of the creator to image his personal presence in the work as evidence of its truth. In particular, it was revealed that N.F. Fedorov sees in a close reading of a book and studying system of views of its author the source of his bodily resurrection. L.N. Tolstoy expressed the search of truth “for himself” as religious feeling. The article shows that the visible and physical verify to the truth of absolute unity in the philosophy of V.S. Solovyov. Author’s personal presence in his work (literally “author’s face”, according to L. Shestov) is a way to resist the “lie” (according to A.A. Potebnya) of expressed and published thoughts. The lie also examined by V.V. Rozanov. He contrasted “literature” and “handwriting of the soul” as the work “for self”. The conclusion emphasizes similarity of views on the nature of art from Tolstoy and Fedorov through Shestov and Rozanov to Shklovsky.

Perilaku Penggunaan Pestisida Kimia Yang Berisiko Pada Kesehatan Petani Hortikultura

Pesticides are toxic chemical compounds used to control agricultural plant pests. Intense use of pesticides and not paying attention to standards for their use can have negative effects on farmers' health. The aim of this research is to identify the behavior of using chemical pesticides that pose a risk to the health of horticultural farmers in the agricultural area of ​​West Seram Regency. Method: This type of research is descriptive quantitative research with a cross-sectional study design. The population of this study were all horticultural farmers in West Seram Regency who used chemical pesticides, and the sample taken was 650 respondents based on the inclusion criteria, namely actively spraying chemical pesticides and a minimum work period of 25 years. Data collection instruments used questionnaires and observation. Data analysis uses statistical tools to describe the activities of farmers using pesticides. The results of the research show that the dominant risky behavior in using chemical pesticides and disrupting farmers' health is the behavior of not using personal protective equipment for 602 (92.6%) respondents and the behavior of using doses that do not comply with the standard for 547 (84.2%) respondents and mixing the number of types. chemical pesticides of more than 3 types as many as 546 (84%) respondents. Meanwhile, the dominant health complaints felt by farmers were skin disorders as many as 621 respondents and tremor complaints as many as 572 respondents, followed by other health complaints. In conclusion, farmers' behavior does not follow standards for pesticide use, which poses a risk to health. Suggestion; Farmers must use chemical pesticides wisely according to specified standards and must be equipped with knowledge about how to use pesticides correctly and the negative impacts on health.