Period Of Economic Growth Research Articles

Profits and inequality during an export boom. Evidence from tax records in Lima, Peru

ABSTRACT Some studies have shown that inequality increased in pre-1930 Latin America as the economy and foreign trade grew. Others have shown that there was no clear relationship between economic growth and inequality. The information on nineteenth-century Peru is useful to estimate income inequality during a period of rapid economic growth. This article estimates the distribution of profits in Lima between 1838 and 1859 using information from tax reports. Mobility across social classes was possible for some guild members. However, financiers and large merchants experienced higher growth in profits than artisans and small traders. In addition, a comparison of profits and wages shows that the richest entrepreneurs experienced a rapid increase in profits during a period of declining real wages. Thus, the income gap between the richest and poorest residents of Lima widened during this period.

Practical Improvement and Performance Evaluation of Road Damage Detection Model using Machine Learning

The social infrastructure, including roads and bridges built during period of rapid economic growth in Japan, is now aging, and there is a need to strategically maintain and renew the social infrastructure that is aging. On the other hand, road maintenance in rural areas is facing serious problems such as reduced budgets for maintenance and a shortage of engineers due to the declining birthrate and aging population. Therefore, it is difficult to visually inspect all roads in rural areas by maintenance engineers, and a system to automatically detect road damage is required. This paper reports practical improvements to the road damage model using YOLOv5, an object detection model capable of real-time operation, focusing on road image features

Rewriting the Economic Growth History of Korea in the 1970s: Focusing on the Pollution Imports and the Shadow People of Economic Growth

During the period of rapid economic growth since the 1970s, Korea imported many polluting industrial facilities from Japan, resulting in the generation of huge amounts of hazardous waste. While the problems of environmental degradation such as these were an integral part of Korea’s development process, they have received only scant attention in the official history of the country’s economic development, often being dismissed as peripheral issues. This paper aims to go beyond this tendency by rewriting the history of economic growth that underlay the disputes caused by the importation of polluting industries from Japan in the 1970s. Its features can be summarized as follows.</br>First, Japan was the most damaging pollution exporter to Korea in the 1970s, and it was also the direct channel to import the knowledge of pollution, and alternative logic against the pollution issues.</br>Second, discussions over industrial pollution in the 1970s occurred in the antagonistic relationship between four groups: the government, media, opposition party, and scholars.</br>Third, a group of experts played various roles, including bureaucrats, researchers, and policy makers, leading the discussion of pollution in Korean society in the 1970s.</br>It has been well over 50 years since 1970. Nevertheless, Korean society still does not hesitate to create areas and people that become shadows in the wake of development. This explains why we should focus on the “sick body” rather than the “numbers” in this age of science and technology.

Exploring Economic Growth Determinants in Developing Countries of Asia and Africa

Asian and African regions have experienced periods of economic growth, yet they continue to grapple with distinct challenges and issues that hinder their ability to sustain and distribute that growth effectively. In addressing this concern, our research investigates the impact of exports, exchange rates, foreign direct investment, bank credit, government spending, and the Human Development Index on the economic growth of developing nations in Asia and Africa. The employed methodology is the panel least square method, which utilizes secondary data. The Asian region comprises 28 countries, and Africa encompasses 34 countries, from 1946 to 2018. The outcomes of the study reveal that within developing Asian countries, variables such as exports, exchange rates, foreign direct investment, bank credit, government spending, and the Human Development Index have positive and noteworthy effects on economic growth. In the context of African nations, the research finds that exports, exchange rates, and government spending have favorable and significant impacts. However, the Human Development Index displays a detrimental and significant influence. On the other hand, foreign direct investment and bank credit exhibit positive yet inconsequential effects on economic growth in developing African countries. Consequently, these findings underscore the need for robust macroeconomic foundations in developing economies to counteract global economic uncertainties. This strategy is imperative to facilitate swift economic expansion that aligns with each nation's distinctive economic development plans.

A study on the impact of rural finance on high-quality agricultural development in China—a test based on intermediation, threshold and spillover effects

Achieving high-quality agricultural development (HQAD) has become an urgent and important task for many countries. This paper selects panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2019 and uses the mediation model, panel threshold model and spatial econometric model to explore the impact of rural finance (RF) on high-quality agricultural development. The study found that: 1) RF can effectively promote high-quality agricultural development, and the conclusions still hold after multiple robustness tests; 2) The results of heterogeneity analysis show that RF has a significant role in promoting high-quality agricultural development during the period of high economic growth, and the effect is not obvious during the period of slow economic growth. In addition, under the conditions of heterogeneity of functional grain production areas and heterogeneity of financial literacy, RF has a significant positive effect on high-quality agricultural development, and the intensity of the effect is shown as main grain production areas > main grain marketing areas > balanced grain production and marketing areas, and higher financial literacy areas > lower financial literacy areas; 3) Farmland scale management plays a partially mediating role in the process of RF influencing high-quality agricultural development, and the share of the mediating effect in the total effect is 24.64%; 4) There is a single threshold effect of rural finance efficiency (RFE) and the share of agricultural technicians in the impact of RF on high-quality agricultural development, and the threshold values are 0.940 and 0.448, respectively. In the process of crossing the threshold, the enhancement effect of RF on high-quality agricultural development shows a marginal incremental feature; 5) There is a significant spatial correlation between China’s inter-provincial agricultural high-quality development, and RF in the region can act on the agricultural high-quality development of neighboring regions through spatial spillover effects. Our study enriches the existing literature and provides empirical evidence and policy insights on how RF in China contributes to high-quality agricultural development.

Corrosion Damage Detection in Headrace Tunnel Using YOLOv7 with Continuous Wall Images

Infrastructure that was constructed during the high economic growth period of Japan is starting to deteriorate; thus, there is a need for the maintenance and management of these structures. The basis of maintenance and management is the inspection process, which involves finding and recording damage. However, in headrace tunnels, the water supply is interrupted during inspection; thus, it is desirable to comprehensively photograph and record the tunnel wall and detect damage using the captured images to significantly reduce the water supply interruption time. Given this background, the aim of this study is to establish an investigation and assessment system for deformation points in the inner walls of headrace tunnels and to perform efficient maintenance and management of the tunnels. First, we develop a mobile headrace photography device that photographs the walls of the headrace tunnel with a charge-coupled device line camera. Next, we develop a method using YOLOv7 for detecting chalk marks at the damage locations made during cleaning of the tunnel walls that were photographed by the imaging system, and these results are used as a basis to develop a system that automatically accumulates and plots damage locations and distributions. For chalking detection using continuous wall surface images, a high accuracy of 99.02% is achieved. Furthermore, the system can evaluate the total number and distribution of deteriorated areas, which can be used to identify the causes of change over time and the occurrence of deterioration phenomena. The developed system can significantly reduce the duration and cost of inspections and surveys, and the results can be used to select priority repair areas and to predict deterioration through data accumulation, contributing to appropriate management of headrace tunnels.

Content analysis of Chinese cities’ Five-Year Plan transport policy documents

Chinese cities’ Five-Year Plans establish the direction and priorities for their urban transport systems for the subsequent half-decade. In this study, we compiled and then analyzed the document structure and content of the Five-Year Plans for Transport for 23 Chinese cities at two points in time (2010 and 2020). These documents afford a unique opportunity to establish how Chinese transport policies vary across different types of cities during a period of rapid economic growth and transport network development. Using content analysis techniques, we report findings regarding frequency and sentiment (positive/negative) towards a set of traditional and emerging transport planning topics, as well as document legibility (words per sentence, sentences per paragraph, use of graphical content, etc.). Our findings indicate that compared to many western Regional Transport Plans, Chinese Five-Year Plans tend to be more text-heavy than similar documents in western countries, with their length increasing during the 2010s. Furthermore, we demonstrate systematic variability in terms of topic frequencies with respect to cities’ characteristics during the period 2010 to 2020, however the variations in terms of sentiment scores are weaker. More economically advanced cities exhibited a heightened focus on sustainable travel options, negative externalities related to cars, emerging technologies, and equity, whereas less economically developed cities emphasized regional development issues. We also demonstrate an increased focus over time on equity, vehicle technology, and parcel-delivery logistics within the Five-Year Plans. Of the various topics we analyzed, air pollution experienced the greatest decrease over time in sentiment.

Slow Workers: Labelling and Labouring in Britain, c. 1909–1955

Summary This article surveys the experiences of historical actors labelled ‘mentally defective’ and ‘mentally handicapped’ in Britain in the first half of the twentieth century. It decentres institutions and experiences of segregation, and instead foregrounds employment as a way to historicise and make visible the experiences of individuals with intellectual impairments who lived in communities. The article discusses significant opportunities for paid employment, both formal and informal, for disabled people. Periods of economic growth or recession rendered such workers visible, as did efforts to regulate labour markets and wages. The article argues that rather than ‘mental age’ becoming dominant in framing intellectual disability, vernacular and negotiable categories of ‘wage age’ predominated in workplaces to the mid-twentieth century. Intellectually disabled people adopted precarious strategies of ‘getting by’ and while they commonly experienced low wages, could also sustain degrees of community inclusion at the margins of the economy.

Is Democracy Associated with Reduction of Poverty, Child Mortality and Child Deprivation in Low-income Countries?

Is democracy related to lower poverty rates and better living conditions for children in developing countries? Multiple sources have confirmed that living conditions in low- and middle-income countries have improved significantly during the past decade. This development coincides with a period of economic growth and, until recently, a trend towards increasing democratization of many of the world’s political systems. In the present paper, we use data from 51 low- and lower-middle-income countries covering the period 1995–2019 to analyse: poverty ($1.90/day), child mortality as well as the degree to which children are malnourished, deprived of immunization, and lack education. The central aim is to test whether democracy contributes to the decrease in poverty and improvement of children’s living conditions. We also test whether the impact of democratization is conditional on political ideology, GDP, and corruption, i.e., whether democratization only is beneficial if combined with policies influenced by socialistic ideology, economic growth, or low corruption. Using data on living conditions from the World Bank, Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), V-Dem project on democratization, and Global Leader Ideology database, we draw the following conclusions: Democratization does contribute to the decrease in poverty, child mortality, malnutrition and lack of immunization among children. However, the impact of democracy is conditioned on previous experience of leftist governments; democracy only improves living conditions in countries with a history of leftist governments. Least beneficial are leftist autocracies. We also conclude that democracy counterbalances the detrimental effects of corruption on children’s school attendance.

Retrospective Statistical Study of Dependencies in The Formation of Tourist Flows

Introduction. The activity of tourism establishments takes place in conditions of intense competition and changing dynamics of the tourism market influenced by various factors. The phenomenon of tourism lies in its complexity and high sensitivity to changes in the external environment. In order to determine the directions for the development of the tourism industry, it is necessary to understand the factors that influence the formation of tourist flows and forecast their changes in the defined perspective, which justifies the relevance of applying statistical research methods.
 Aim and tasks. The aim of the study: based on statistical information and methods of statistical analysis, to identify the dynamics of changes in tourist flows during specific periods of the new reality and to refute or confirm the hypotheses put forward in the research. Main tasks are: to identify periods of new reality characterized by special conditions of tourist flows formation; to formulate research hypotheses; to identify features of major trends in tourist flows for confirmation or refutation of the proposed hypotheses.
 Results. According to the developed methodology, periods were identified according to one leading feature that could form the trend of tourist activity in Ukraine for: the period of development of stabilization and economic growth (2000-2008); the period of coverage of the economic crisis and its relative overcoming (2009-2013); Anti-Terrorist Operation (ATO) period and subsequent stabilization of economic growth (2014-2019); period of the COVID-19 pandemic, economic downturn, isolation (2020-2021); martial law (since February 24, 2022). The periods identified in the study formed excellent conditions for tourism, which affected the volume of tourist flows, as a result of which the forecast indicators will not correspond to the actual ones. Domestic tourism flows are more influenced by GDP per person, while outbound tourism flows are more influenced by available income per person.
 Conclusions. The applied methods of mathematical forecasting allowed for the verification of the hypotheses regarding the causes that influenced or did not influence tourist flows as the resulting indicator. The general outcome of the research is the confirmation of the hypotheses proposed, which position the tourism industry as particularly susceptible to the influences of various factors that can significantly impact tourism activity both in the context of tourist flow formation and the priorities of tourism enterprises' operations.

The Impact of Economic Conditions on Social Assistance Programs and Poverty Alleviation

Poverty remains a pervasive global challenge, necessitating effective policy interventions to uplift vulnerable populations. This research delves into the dynamic relationship between social assistance programs and poverty alleviation. Employing a mixed-methods approach, we investigate the impact of these programs on poverty rates, program effectiveness variations, demographic disparities, and the interplay with economic conditions. Our findings offer compelling insights. Firstly, social assistance programs exhibit a statistically significant reduction in poverty rates among beneficiaries, confirming their vital role in poverty alleviation. Moreover, variations in program effectiveness emerge, with cash transfer programs demonstrating immediate impact compared to in-kind assistance programs. Demographic differences further shape program outcomes, as programs targeting children and single-parent households exhibit pronounced effects on poverty reduction. Economic conditions also matter, as these programs prove more effective during periods of robust economic growth, serving as vital safety nets during economic downturns. Conditional social assistance programs demonstrate promise by incentivizing positive behaviors such as education enrollment and healthcare utilization. These findings hold significant policy implications, emphasizing the need for evidence-based program design and implementation. This research concludes with a call for comprehensive approaches to poverty alleviation, considering demographic variations, economic contexts, and the potential benefits of conditional programs. Ongoing monitoring and evaluation are pivotal in adapting programs to evolving circumstances, thus contributing to a more equitable and prosperous society.

The Impact of Green Finance Policy on Corporate R&D Expenses

In 2017, the pilot policy of green finance was initially officially implemented to govern the corporate environmental issue. Five provinces with different levels of development were selected to carry out pilot policies of green finance by being provided with credit support and low interest rate. This paper aims to study the effect of the implementation of green finance policies on local R&D. We look the pilot policy of green finance in 2017 as a natural experiment and use the DID method to regress the fixed effects of individuals and years with the R&D spending. We found that green finance policies could ease the constraints brought by the original local economic and political environment to enterprises. Another explanation may be that banks' financial support for enterprises improves the efficiency of R&D, reduces unnecessary R&D waste, and enables enterprises to continue to develop in the period of economic growth with less capital. In order to verify the validity of the model construction, we conducted the Hausman test to verify the validity of selecting the fixed effect, and conducted the parallel trend test to verify the accuracy of our 2017-2019 policy pilot time. Finally, we conducted two robust tests——placebo test to control the time and the PSM-DID. We all obtain the significant experimental results. Then, we puts forward policy suggestions based on the conclusions, which can be used as reference for future research and for the effect of the application of green finance policies in heavily polluting enterprises.

Increase in educational inequalities in alcohol-related mortality in Spain during a period of economic growth.

Alcohol-related mortality risk is almost always greater in lower than higher socio-economic positions (SEPs). There is little information on the evolution of this SEP gradient and its relationship with the economic cycle. Some results suggest that during economic expansions, there is a hypersensitivity of low-SEP people to harmful drinking. The main objective of this study was to measure the evolution of educational inequality in alcohol-related and non-alcohol related mortality by sex and age group in Spain during 2012-19. This is a repeated cross-sectional study. This study includes all residents in Spain aged 25 years and over from 2012 to 2019. (1) We calculated age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) from strongly/moderately alcohol-related causes (directly alcohol-attributable, unspecified liver cirrhosis, liver and upper aerodigestive tract cancers and moderately alcohol-related), weakly alcohol-related causes and other causes by educational level. (2) We used age-adjusted relative index of inequality (RII) and slope index of inequality (SII) to measure relative and absolute educational inequality in mortality, respectively. (3) Age-adjusted annual percentage change (APC) was also used to measure linear trends in mortality by educational level. RII, SII and APC were obtained from negative binomial regression. Between 2012-15 and 2016-19, economic growth accelerated, the RII in mortality from strongly/moderately alcohol-related causes increased from 2.0 to 2.2 among men and from 1.1 to 1.3 among women, and the SII in deaths/100 000 person-years from 181.4 to 190.9 among men and from 18.9 to 46.5 among women. It also increased relative and absolute inequality in mortality from weakly alcohol-related and other causes of death in both men and women. These increases in inequality were due primarily to a flattening or even reversal of the downward mortality trend among low- and medium-educated people. During the economic expansion of 2012-19 in Spain, changes in mortality risk from strongly/moderately alcohol-related causes were especially unfavourable among low- and medium-educated people.

140 years-long sedimentary records of PAHs and CN stable isotopes from Ninomiya River, Japan

Anthropogenic activities' impacts over 140 years were studied at West Nanao Bay using a variety of geochemical techniques on sedimentary records. The bay is influenced by the Ninomiya River which is fed by a small watershed at which Tatzuruhama Town is located. Sedimentation rate was calculated using 210Pb-excess and 137Cs activities. C/N decreased after 1975, indicating a decrease in lignin-rich organic matter. From δ13C, δ15N and biogenic silica it was indicated that the population increased sewage-discharges until the construction of waste-water treatment plant in 1986. Several recorded changes in the landuse matched with the variation of the particle size. Total PAHs concentration was 1.17–62.78 μg g−1, being highest during Japan's fastest economic growth period (1946–1975). Using diagnostic ratios and PCA analysis, PAHs' sources were identified as pyrogenic for all depths, varying from coal combustion (90.7 %) before 1946 to a mixture of biomass and vehicle combustion after 1961.

Analysis of Financial Ratio to Stock Price


 Control of Covid-19 has coincided with a period of economic growth in Indonesia. The banking sector felt the effects of this. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the effect of Earning Per Share, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Return on Assets on stock prices. For the duration of this research project (2019-2021), we will calculate and analyze the financial ratios of banking companies traded on the Indonesia Stock Exchange relative to their stock prices. Information for this study was gathered, recorded, and analyzed using a documentation strategy. The study's population consisted of 43 businesses, and 17 were randomly selected for sampling by the purposive sampling technique. This study found that while Earning Per Share and Debt to Equity Ratio were both significantly related to stock prices, Return on Assets was not.

Trading labor for experience: The role of unpaid internships in shaping Active Labor Market Policies in Ireland since the Great Recession

AbstractActive Labor Market Policies (ALMPs), which include state‐funded apprenticeships, have long been used as a way of encouraging unemployed youth into skilled and semiskilled trades. However, new forms of “nonstandard” employment are now dominating young people's experience of the labor market. In fact, unpaid internships are becoming a normal part of a modern curriculum vitae and viewed as a necessary rite of passage for a successful school‐to‐work transfer, especially in the middle‐class professions. Through the use of freedom of information requests, policy documents, evaluation reports, and semistructured interviews, this paper examines the role of unpaid internships in shaping the four most recent ALMPs targeted at Irish youth since the Great Recession (2008). It theorizes that the increased prevalence of unpaid internships in the entry‐level jobs market leads to Irish policymakers designing youth unemployment ALMPs based on a private‐sector unpaid internship model. This paper will first situate youth unemployment policy within the literature on ALMPs and unpaid internships. It will then combine process tracing as a within‐case research method with a comparative case study of the four ALMPs. In conclusion, this paper finds that Irish youth unemployment policy designed during periods of economic crisis tends to prioritize the needs of host organizations and mirror employment norms established through unpaid internships. Conversely, during periods of economic growth, the Irish youth unemployment policy reverts to a more regulated model that protects the entry‐level jobs market. Furthermore, this paper recommends that European states should prohibit the use of unpaid internships to avoid further entrenching precarious and discriminatory work patterns.

Global Public Debt Since 1995: Long-Term Trends, Current Phase, Medium-Term Outlook for Economic Growth

Topic. The paper aims to identify long-term trends in global public debt (since 1995), provide its current overview (the magnitude of debt, concentration levels among participants and instruments, risk factors in the current phase of debt accumulation) and estimate its impact on global economic development over the medium term. This analysis has significant scientific and practical relevance due to the unprecedented character of factors affecting global level of indebtedness in the past few years (the Covid-19 pandemic since 2020 and the biggest military conflict in Europe since the Second World War since 2022). Methods. The main sources for the research were reports, outlooks and data bases of national regulators and international organizations (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, Bank for International Settlements, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) concerning public debt, research in this field conducted by leading research centers and financial market participants. Results. Two major periods in global debt development over time are shown: 1995 – 2007-08 with stable relative global public debt level, and since 2008 – rising levels of public debt. High levels of concentration in the global debt market and even in higher degree the government securities market are analyzed. These markets are characterized by the highly uneven distribution of debt among advanced and developing economies, state and local governments (central governments are main borrowers), instruments (predominantly global debt is issued through bonds nominated in domestic currencies with a straight fix rate). Risk factors in the current (since 2010) wave of global debt accumulation are described: 1. the magnitude of accumulated debt, its higher rate of growth and distribution among countries; 2. debt accumulation during a prolonged period of weak economic growth and investment activity in the 2010s; 3. the consequences of Covid pandemic and the military conflict in Ukraine. Economic repercussions of a high level of the country’s indebtedness, including its threshold level, are shown. Many key participants of the global public debt market (especially advanced economies) are exposed beyond such threshold. Policy tools for reducing public debt are listed. Preliminary estimates of the medium-term impact of the global debt market conjuncture on global economic development are given. The existence of self-amplifying risks of global stagflation and public debt crisis is revealed. Discussion. The impact of extraordinary factors affecting economic development in the world from 2020 on the global public debt market requires further research.

Fiscal incentive, political incentive, and strategic interaction of illegal land use by local governments

The Chinese-style decentralization that emerged in the 1990 s has brought about a period of economic growth. However, the drawbacks of decentralized reforms have also gradually drawn the attention of scholars. Local governments themselves, who are supposed to be the custodians of local land, have become the subjects of violations. The study analyzes illegal land use by local governments in the macro context of the entire Chinese economic transition. The trade-offs and constraints faced by local governments in committing illegal land use are evaluated, relevant hypotheses proposed, and a time-spatial dynamic panel data model is constructed through theoretical analysis. Finally, the results of the theoretical and empirical analyses are combined to initiate a more in-depth discussion on the underlying mechanisms of illegal land use by local government, thus attempting to further clarify the logic behind local government land violations in the context of economic growth. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The development impulse of local governments under the Chinese-style decentralized structure, coupled with the imperfect horizontal accountability mechanism and the inherent defects of the land plan management system, has led to local governments’ repeated violation of land law. (2) There are significant strategic features of such illegal land use, which are manifested in path dependence in time and horizontal competition imitation in space. (3) The financial incentives of local governments and the promotion incentives of local officials have varying degrees of impact on the development of local governments.

NATIONAL MINORITIES IN THE EMIGRATION MOVEMENT FROM POLAND TO LATVIA (1928-1939)

The aim of the article is to comprehensively show the participation of representatives of national minorities among Polish economic migrants in Latvia in the years 1928 - 1939. Methodology. When writing the article, the basic principles of historical knowledge were used: historicism, scientificity, objectivity. Specific search tasks of the research were solved by problem-chronological means (optimal involvement of the thematic literature and source base); historical-comparative (analysis of various sources and formation of relevant research provisions and conclusions); critical analysis (critical attitude to various sources) methods. The scientific noveltyconsists of a given publication is the introduction into circulation of a significant amount of hitherto unknown scientific sources concerning the nationality structure of Polish economic migrants in Latvia in the discussed period. Conclusions. The economic emigration from Poland to Latvia was a consequence of the socio-economic situation in both countries. The internal determinants of emigration were agrarian overpopulation and poverty in the Polish countryside. In this situation, many people saw a chance to improve their lives abroad. The problem of the excess of hands to work in the Polish countryside coincided with a period of economic growth in Latvia. At a time when Poland was struggling with overpopulation and an excess of labor in the countryside, the Baltic country faced scarcity of hands in agriculture. The emigration movement to Latvia lasted from 1928 to 1939. The number of Polish workers employed in Latvian agriculture is estimated at over 100,000 people. Polish emigrants were characterized by great ethnic diversity. Poles, Belarusians and Lithuanians predominated in numbers, who during their stays abroad became the object of interest of representatives of the Lithuanian and Belarusian diaspora in Latvia.

Research on Rural Land System Reform Driven by Rural Revitalization Strategy

At this stage, China has entered a critical period of economic growth and social transformation, and reforms in various fields are deepening. At present, a large quantity of migrant workers in China are pouring into the city, separating people from land, and land fragmentation is more prominent. Therefore, the separation of land contracting right and management right can reduce the risk that farmers will lose their land when working in cities, and at the same time, it provides the possibility for large-scale land management and the growth of agricultural economies of scale. The land reform is closely related to the production and life of the broad masses of the people, which has a profound impact on the growth of agriculture in China. To promote the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, accelerate the agricultural modernization, and enable farmers to live a better life, it requires not only the transfer of resources from the country to the countryside, but also the joint participation of hundreds of millions of farmers. This paper aims to analyze how to further deepen the land reform in China from the perspective of the circulation of rural land management rights and by using the analysis method of game theory, hoping to provide some policy suggestions for the implementation of the land system reform in the future.