Adjustment Period Research Articles

EFEKTIFITAS AROMATERAPI JAHE TERHADAP IBU NIFAS UNTUK MENURUNKAN SKOR EDINBURGH POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION SCALE SEBAGAI UPAYA UNTUK MENCEGAH POSTPARTUM BLUES

The postpartum period is the period experienced by women after the baby is born until the reproductive organs. The postpartum period is a period of adjustment for a woman to her new role as a parent, so this period usually occurs especially in women who are giving birth for the first time because they do not have experience caring for a baby. The aim of this research is to find out whether there is an effect of giving ginger aromatherapy on reducing Endinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale scores in postpartum mothers as an effort to prevent postpartum blues in the Tegal City Health Center Area. Research is useful for providing information and increasing knowledge in implementing complementary midwifery care, especially in dealing with anxiety in postpartum mothers. The method in this research uses a quasi-experimental design with a pretest posttest with control design. The sample used in this research was 30 postpartum mothers who experienced psychological disorders or postpartum blues who were divided into 2 groups, namely the treatment group and the control group. The results of the study showed that giving ginger aromatherapy was effective in reducing anxiety in postpartum mothers in the Tegal City Health Center Working Area, expressed by a P Value <0.05. Advice that can be given to health workers is to provide education to the public, especially mothers regarding the provision of aromatherapy as a non-pharmacological therapy given to postpartum mothers who experience postpartum blues.

Power of Synergy: Unlocking the Potential of Group Dynamics Through Team-Building Practices in Junior High School

Cooperative learning has proven to be a valuable approach to education, benefiting students in a variety of ways. However, before a team can function productively, there needs to be a period of practice and adjustment to the process of cooperation at large; this is what we call team-building. This case study examines the way in which teams are developed in a language course at the junior high school level. For this purpose, qualitative research has been carried out. The sample consisted of a class in the first year of junior high school (students aged 13 to 14). Research data were collected through participatory observation and semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed that students progress through four stages (Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing) before developing intergroup dynamics and becoming fully acquainted with the cooperative process. In addition, students need time to establish the conditions of cooperation and non-standard rules of behavior at the stage of disagreement (Storming).

Field measurement and CPT-based settlement prediction of existing railway subgrade reinforced by battered helical piles with grouted shafts

In order to ensure the normal operation of the existing freight railway, it is difficult to adopt the common reinforcement measures (e.g., jet grouting or deep mixing) to meet the requirements. Reinforcement of existing railway subgrade by battered helical piles can meet the normal operation requirements of existing railways. However, there is no report on the research on the reinforcement of existing railway subgrade with battered helical piles. This paper reports on a field case study of railway subgrade improved by battered helical piles with grouted shafts (BHPGS) to mitigate the ongoing settlement due to temporary backfilling of subgrade without meeting the compaction requirement after heavy rain, which can be potentially harmful to the long-term operation of the railway. The measured coefficients of subgrade reaction (K30) of the 3 locations after BHPGS installation increased by 48 %∼166 % compared with the installation before. The long-term settlement of the railway subgrade reinforced with BHPGS was monitored by hydrostatic level and gradually stabilized after an adjustment period of about half a year, with the maximum settlement of 2.76 mm located at the center of the subgrade reinforcement section. In addition, a simplified method of calculating settlement based on CPT for the railway subgrade reinforced with BHPGS is proposed, with the calculated value of 2.99 mm in good agreement with the measured 2.76 mm.

Effects of pandemic legislation on Insolvency Law in the Slovak Republic

Abstract The COVID-19 outbreak forced Slovakia to quickly adapt its bankruptcy legislation and introduce temporary measures to alleviate the pandemic’s economic impact. However, the uptake of these pandemic-specific insolvency provisions remained modest, possibly due to extensive government financial support. As the pandemic wanes, future economic challenges, such as rising inflation and interest rates, may test the durability and effectiveness of these legislative adjustments. This period of regulatory adjustment underscores a broader shift in insolvency laws, signalling a shift towards prioritising business continuity and value in the face of economic crises.

'Am I fixed, am I better now?': undergoing MR-guided focused ultrasound for essential tremor: an interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Essential tremor (ET) is characterised by postural and intentional tremor typically affecting the upper limbs, which can negatively impact functionality and quality of life. Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a novel and promising non-invasive treatment for ET which offers instantaneous results. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis we explored the experience of undergoing MRgFUS in six ET patients as well as their experiences pre- and post-procedure. One-time, retrospective semi-structured interviews were conducted and six themes emerged: Life pre-treatment: "It's everyday tasks that get you down" and "Most people who understand, they are okay. Some people aren't"; MRgFUS: Treatment day: "Going into the unknown" and "There's no way I was going to press that button"; and Life post-treatment: "One is good. Two is better" and "Am I fixed, am I better now?." The findings point to a significant period of adjustment associated with living with ET and the effects of undergoing ET MRgFUS treatment. As ET progressed, participants struggled to cope with increasing symptoms and had to develop coping strategies to manage life with ET. The procedure itself was perceived as strange and extraordinary and despite some immediate adverse effects participants were determined to go through with it. Post procedure, all participants reported tremor suppression which was life changing. While some participants still felt burdened by ET, others expressed it took them a while to psychologically adjust to what essentially was their new body. This study has highlighted the need for patients to be supported at all stages of their ET journey.

Mental health, bullying and school connectedness: A comparative analysis of school transition at age 11 from within the Welsh education system

AbstractWhile transition from primary to secondary school is a positive experience for many young people, for others, it may be a difficult period of adjustment. Socioeconomic status (SES) may influence the likelihood of a positive or negative transition experience owing to differences in psychosocial (self‐esteem, self‐efficacy, social support) and flexible (cultural capital, financial support, power) resources to respond to the challenges presented by a new school environment. Welsh all‐age schools do not have a typical primary to secondary school transition and offer an opportunity for comparative analysis to explore the impact of transition on young people. This analysis used multilevel and structural equation modelling to assess differences in mental health and bullying outcomes in year 7 (first year of secondary education) in young people in all‐age schools compared with those in secondary schools. It also considered whether school connectedness might explain these differences. It found that school type did not significantly predict outcomes at a population level; however, there was evidence of an interaction between SES and school attended for some outcomes. Peer problems, conduct problems and bullying victimisation were lower for children with low SES when attending all‐age schools. For children with high SES, the same outcomes tended to be more positive if the children attended secondary schools. There was no evidence that school connectedness mediated the relationship between school type and mental health or bullying outcomes. Findings provide tentative evidence that all‐age schools may act to reduce health inequalities caused by SES.

A Comparison of One- and Two-Handed Gesture User Interfaces in Virtual Reality—A Task-Based Approach

This paper presents two gesture-based user interfaces which were designed for a 3D design review in virtual reality (VR) with inspiration drawn from the shipbuilding industry’s need to streamline and make their processes more sustainable. The user interfaces, one focusing on single-hand (unimanual) gestures and the other focusing on dual-handed (bimanual) usage, are tested as a case study using 13 tasks. The unimanual approach attempts to provide a higher degree of flexibility, while the bimanual approach seeks to provide more control over the interaction. The interfaces were developed for the Meta Quest 2 VR headset using the Unity game engine. Hand-tracking (HT) is utilized due to potential usability benefits in comparison to standard controller-based user interfaces, which lack intuitiveness regarding the controls and can cause more strain. The user interfaces were tested with 25 test users, and the results indicate a preference toward the one-handed user interface with little variation in test user categories. Additionally, the testing order, which was counterbalanced, had a statistically significant impact on the preference and performance, indicating that learning novel interaction mechanisms requires an adjustment period for reliable results. VR sickness was also strongly experienced by a few users, and there were no signs that gesture controls would significantly alleviate it.

Bentuk dan Faktor Gangguan Kesehatan Mental pada Remaja

Adolescence is a period of adjustment to a new life because it is faced with new developmental tasks, so it is not uncommon for someone to experience obstacles in carrying it out. These obstacles include being faced with mental health disorders. Mental health is psychological or mental well-being. However, teenagers experience problems in this regard. In this research, the systematic literature review (SLR) method is used, which is an analysis of articles related to the topic discussed. Six articles were obtained from the Sage and Science Direct databases, with topics discussing forms and factors of mental health disorders in adolescents. The selection of articles is adjusted to the inclusion criteria that have been previously determined. Based on the results of the review, it can be understood that the forms of mental health disorders that are often encountered in adolescents are anxiety, depression and stress. Meanwhile, factors for mental health disorders in adolescents are economic, environmental and knowledge related to mental health itself.

A New Open Channel Flow Correction Method Based on Different Boundary Combinations in Hydraulic Modeling

In open-channel water transfer projects, hydrodynamic modeling has been one of the tools commonly used by the scheduling staff to perceive the changes in the water condition of the channel. The reliability of the flow monitoring data has not been guaranteed due to restrictions in the flow monitoring method. Flow monitoring errors directly reduce the accuracy of hydrodynamic modeling calculations, making it impossible to accurately grasp the real-time changes in the internal water conditions of the channel. In this paper, by utilizing the characteristics of the hydrodynamic model itself, which can be solved discretely with multiple boundary conditions, the method of correcting the boundary anomaly data is proposed by changing the combination of hydrodynamic boundaries. This solves the problem of the inaccuracy of hydrodynamic model calculations due to errors in the monitoring data and improves the accuracy of the hydrodynamic model calculations. In the actual operation process, it is found that the method proposed in this paper solves the problem of hydrodynamic model misalignment caused by flow observation errors by correcting the flow during the flow adjustment period, which greatly improves the calculation accuracy of the hydrodynamic model. Secondly, for a stable flow period, the method proposed in this paper can quickly capture and correct the local monitoring of abnormal data and improve the overall hydrodynamic simulation accuracy.

Study on the logic and effectiveness of crisis learning in the promotion policy adjustment: an observation based on the adjustment of COVID-19 prevention policy in China.

As the impact of COVID-19 on normal production and living conditions diminishes, this serious emergency is come to an end. China's policy framework has facilitated positive adjustment over the past 3 years by timely modifying its emergency response to changes in viruses and epidemics. This paper aims to explore the logic of China's policy framework that promoted policy adjustment through crisis learning during COVID-19. By gathering and classifying China's epidemic prevention policies throughout the past 3 years, integrating policy texts, and analyzing key events, this article examines the process of supporting policy adjustment through crisis learning in the policy system during COVID-19. The Chinese government's COVID-19 policy adjustment process can be divided into four stages, namely 'The period of stress response', 'The period of COVID-19 prevention and control', 'The period of regular prevention and control', and 'The period of overall adjustment'. The policy adjustments in each stage demonstrate the logic and effectiveness of crisis learning in the promotion policy adjustment. The study has determined that the motivational logic comprises three crucial elements: security requirements, accountability pressure, and reputation management. The institutional logic encompasses both the organizational and resourceful environments, and the institutional and cultural environment. Additionally, the behavioral logic of policy adaptation aligns with the strategy of crisis learning. Meanwhile, the logical framework of 'crisis learning-policy adjustment' can be verified using the Chinese government's policy adjustment in COVID-19 as an example. Establishing an effective post-crisis learning system is crucial to improving the effectiveness of crisis response. There is a logical link between crisis learning and policy adjustment. The implementation of policy adjustment needs to be based on the results of crisis learning. Government departments are essential for crisis learning and policy adjustment.

The effects of endurance physical exercise with fat-free milk intake as a therapy for metabolic syndrome and/or sarcopenia

Background: Nutrition and exercise are important factors for addressing metabolic syndrome and sarcopenia as they are related to insulin secretion. Proteins, particularly branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), have insulinotropic effects, while exercise reduces insulin secretion. It is thus important to investigate the effects of protein intake and exercise alone and in combination to determine suitable dietary and exercise therapies for treating metabolic syndrome and sarcopenia. Methods: Eight healthy young adult female volunteers participated in a crossover trial consisting of two 5-day experiments. Days 1 and 2 comprised a body-weight-maintained adjustment period during which the participants consumed control diets (energy, 2,010 kcal; protein, 51.9 g). Days 3 to 5 comprised the treatment period during which the participants consumed experimental diets (energy, 2,010 kcal; protein 82.3 g) containing 402 kcal of fat-free milk, and either performed only normal daily activities (non-Ex) or performed normal daily activities and exercised on a bicycle with an ergometer at a target intensity of about 50% of the maximal oxygen intake, expending 402 kcal of additional energy (Ex). Total urine samples were collected during the daytime (6:45 to 18:45) and nighttime (18:45 to 6:45 the next morning). Fasting blood samples were collected early in the morning before and after the treatment period. Results: Plasma valine, leucine, and BCAA levels were significantly elevated after both the non-Ex and Ex periods. Serum insulin levels were significantly elevated only after the non-Ex period. Urinary C-peptide immunoreactivity excretion levels increased significantly during the non-Ex period, but they decreased significantly during the Ex period. After the Ex period, the serum triglyceride and remnant lipoprotein-cholesterol (RLP-C) levels were significantly decreased. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and atherosclerosis index (AI) values were slightly, yet significantly, increased after the non-Ex period, but were unchanged after the Ex period. The degree of change (Δ) in the RLP-C level significantly and positively correlated with the Δ HOMA-IR and Δ AI.

<i>Seru</i> scheduling problems with learning effect and job deterioration during an increasing adjustment period

<i>Seru</i> scheduling problems with learning effect and job deterioration during an increasing adjustment period

EXTENDING SIMULATION-BASED ASSEMBLY PLANNING TO INCLUDE HUMAN LEARNING AND PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE: A SIMULATION STUDY

When using simulation-based assembly planning in the planning phase of designing modern assembly systems, the prospective system behavior should be predicted as reliably as possible by the simulation. For this purpose, personnel-related adjustment periods, such as those related to learning through task repetition should be considered in the simulation model, if employees are later to be involved in the assembly. The learning effect influences the overall performance of the system and can be described by learning curves. The aim of the approach presented in this paper is to increase the prediction quality of simulation models for assembly planning by taking into account the previous experience of the employees. For this purpose, a learning model is integrated into a discrete-event simulation and subsequently verified. The learning model includes the personnel-related learning curve as well as the previous experience of the employees as dynamic parameters. Simulation experiments with three forms of assembly organization were conducted to investigate the influence of learning and previous experience on the dynamic system behavior of an assembly system. The results indicate that assembly systems organized according to the One Piece Flow principle allow for broader, albeit slower, learning compared to row and group assembly.

The changes of different restriction level adjustments on antibiotic use in China

This quasi-experimental study aimed to investigate the changes in antibiotic use tailored by adjusting provincial antibiotic restriction lists in China using interrupted time-series analysis from 2013 to 2019. Antibiotic use was assessed as defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 patients per day. Trends and level changes were analysed with segmented regression. The study identified 19 antibiotic formulations in four provinces with adjusted restriction levels (intervention group) and 110 formulations in the rest provinces without adjustments (comparison group). Antibiotics restriction level changed between two categories: (1) between ‘highly-restricted’ and ‘restricted’ and (2) between ‘restricted’ and ‘non-restricted’. Analysis revealed distinct trend changes for antibiotics moving between ‘highly-restricted’ and ‘restricted’ (β = 0.0211, P = 0.003) and ‘restricted’ to ‘highly-restricted’ (β = −0.0039, P = 0.128) compared to the comparison group. After a 2-y adjustment period, when moving from ‘restricted’ to ‘highly-restricted’, absolute antibiotic utilisation significantly decreased (P < 0.001), with a relative decrease of 100.8% (P < 0.001) compared to the comparison group. Besides, individual antibiotics with higher consumption displayed greater responsiveness to adjustment. These findings underscore the changes in restriction level adjustments on antibiotics, highlighting antibiotic restriction list policies as crucial tools for antimicrobial stewardship.

LOWER INCOME IN CAREGIVERS PREDICTS LESS EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING IMPROVEMENT AFTER CAREGIVING ENDS

Abstract Lower income in familial caregivers has been shown to associate with increased distress, depression, and burden during active caregiving. However, findings are less clear on whether lower income associates with changes in well-being that occur after caregiving ends. To investigate this question further, we recruited familial caregivers (CGs) of people with neurodegenerative diseases (PWD; N=36). Emotional well-being was assessed using the SF-36 Emotional Well-being and Energy scales both during active caregiving and after caregiving had ended (predominantly due to the PWD’s death or transition to institutional care, ~10 years later). Household income was measured after active caregiving had ended. Overall, CG’s emotional well-being and energy improved between active caregiving and after caregiving had ended (emotional well-being change: t(35) = 2.22, p = .033; energy change: t(35) = 2.88, p = .007). However, this improvement associated with household income, such that when controlling for levels during active caregiving, income associated with worse emotional well-being (B = -6.72, t(33) = -4.56, p &amp;lt; .001) and energy (B = -8.07, t(33) = -4.99, p &amp;lt; .001) in caregivers after caregiving had ended. During the adjustment period after caregiving ends, lower income may limit opportunities for caregivers to take time away from work to mourn the loss of their loved one or address their own health concerns adequately. Thus, low-income caregivers may experience fewer of the benefits associated with these activities. These findings underscore the importance of providing support for lower income caregivers during the critical period after caregiving ends.

Trajectory Planning for Hopping Rover on Small Bodies Under Pre-Collision Attitude Adjustment Modulation

A novel pre-collision attitude adjustment (PCAA) modulation based on angular velocity and quaternions control is developed to more controllable and reliably adjust the non-spherical hopping rover's trajectory on small bodies. This corresponds to a hopping trajectory planning (HTP) framework that addresses inherent technical challenges, including attitude-trajectory coupled features, hard-to-depicting near-truth gravity and continues dynamical contact models, difficult-to-predetermine collision times with the small bodies’ surface, and complex judgments regarding whether the period of attitude adjustment is sufficient in current hops. Two main contributions are proposed, focusing on modeling and planning. To achieve a more realistic modeling of the rover's motion, its attitude-trajectory coupling dynamic model is researched, including a ground-truth irregular gravity model and continuous dynamical contact model. Additionally, a collision detection method based on the local surface smoothing technique is proposed for rapid and exact switching between the ballistic and contact motions for the subsequent planning purpose. On the other hand, redundancy planning and binary event-trigger techniques are combined for handling unpredictable available dimensions of optimization variables of PCAA-based HTP, which arise from the indeterminate scale of collision times and potential deficiency in ballistic flight time required for completing attitude maneuvers. Specifically, the solution space is preset to guarantee the unchanging dimensions of the design variables, which are activated or deactivated by coupling binary event variables for each dimension. These newly introduced events are triggered by comparing the realistic rebound time of the current hop with the necessary time for attitude maneuver, which is accurately computed by designing a first-order sliding mode controller. This approach enables an equivalent and easily implementable version of the problem to be obtained. Logically and numerically, the application of PCAA modulation is found to significantly enlarge or contract the area of the reachable region of the hopping rover and contribute to improving the convergence and reducing the relative final position error of the hopping trajectory planning problem.

Decentralization of OPDs of Basic and Rural Healthcare Units of Punjab, Pakistan

Decentralization is associated with political administration and historical development, and varies according to region and implementation factors. In the 1980s, the IMF (International Monetary Fund) and World Bank demonstrated that corruption and bad administration in society are due to centralization policies which concentrate authority and power in the hands of the elite upper class. This criticism was an initial point to start the period of structural decentralization adjustment. Decentralization is a substantial process for equal distribution of healthcare service delivery in the community. The outdoor patient department (OPD) is one of the most important parts of any health care unit to diagnose and treat patients who do not require overnight care or stay in hospitals. The main purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of decentralization and improvements in health services for OPD by analyzing the number of patients in Primary Healthcare Centers (Basic Health Unit (BHU) and Rural Health Centers (RHCs)) in Punjab before and after de-centralization. Non-probability convenient and simple random sampling technique was employed, and patients visiting PHCs (primary healthcare centers) OPD were included in the study population. OPD patients of rural and basic healthcare units were categorized into three pairs OPD 1, 2 and 3, and the means and other statistical parameters were calculated using SPSS. The average mean of all groups of OPD patients of RHCs were 119441.1111, 192536.5185 and 153487.1358, respectively. The average mean of all groups of BHU was 94818.5062, 109331.7160, and 124231.0123, respectively. The results showed that the number of patients in the OPD increased after decentralization due to more health facilities.

After the last good year: trade unions and educational reform in Greece

ABSTRACT Education policy research has seen a growing interest in the consequences of teacher trade unionism of global education reform. Less attention has been paid to teacher unions as strategic social actors attempting to influence both national education policy and employment relations at the school level. Addressing this topic, the article examines the challenges and dilemmas of teacher trade unions as they negotiate education policies in crisis contexts. With a particular concern for school and teacher evaluation, it focuses on reforms in Greek education, as these have played out in a period of structural adjustment and prolonged austerity (2010–2023). Drawing on interview data with leading members of the primary and secondary teacher unions, the article discusses the conditions in which reforms have emerged and the responses they have evoked from teacher unions in an education state undergoing historically significant change. It argues that the crisis provoked uncertainties of strategy in Greek teacher unionism. Nevertheless, unions maintain their identity as active components of movements for educational change and as organisations that aim to defend the status and working conditions of their members. Debates in Greece highlight a combination of economic and political aspirations, characteristic of teacher unions across Southern Europe.

Exploring the Substantive Significance of Laryngoscopic Observations as Reliable Prognostic Indicators for the Therapeutic Efficacy in Cases of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) can be defined as the regurgitation of gastric acid and peptic substances into the laryngeal and hypopharyngeal regions, even in the case of a singular occurrence. A substantial body of recent research underscores the significance of non-acid reflux as a notable contributor to LPR symptoms. This current investigation delves into the assessment of laryngoscopic observations in their predictive capacity regarding the therapeutic outcomes of empirically administered proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy in the context of LPR. In this study, 145 patients who had received a clinical diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) underwent rigorous laryngoscopic examinations. These patients were subsequently categorized into three distinct groups based on the Belafsky reflux findings score, which included the criteria for normal (scores ranging from 0 to 7), mild to moderate (scores ranging from 8 to 16), and moderate to severe (scores ranging from 17 to 26). Among the participants, 12 individuals from the normal group, 44 from the mild to moderate group, and 31 from the moderate to severe group reported experiencing a noteworthy alleviation of symptoms following a three-month period of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and lifestyle adjustments. It is important to note that these findings yielded statistically significant results. Preliminary laryngoscopic observations hold significant potential as predictors of favourable treatment outcomes in the context of empirical proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).

Taking a Break: The Effects of Partaking in a Two-Week Social Media Digital Detox on Problematic Smartphone and Social Media Use, and Other Health-Related Outcomes among Young Adults.

Despite their increasing popularity, especially among young adults, there is a dearth of research examining the effectiveness of digital detoxes focused on restricting or limiting social media use. As such, the purpose of this exploratory study was to create and carry out a social media digital detox among young adults and evaluate its effectiveness with regards to smartphone and social media addiction, as well as several health-related outcomes. Additionally, the study also sought to obtain an understanding of participants' experiences and perceptions regarding the digital detox via semi-structured exit interviews in order to improve and maximize the effectiveness of future social media digital detox interventions. Thirty-one young adults completed a two-week social media digital detox (preceded by a two-week baseline period and followed up by a two-week follow-up period), whereby their social media use was limited to 30 min per day. A series of one-way repeated measures analyses of variance revealed that a two-week social media detox improved smartphone and social media addiction, as well as sleep, satisfaction with life, stress, perceived wellness, and supportive relationships. Thematic analysis of exit interviews also revealed eight themes: feelings, effort to detox, adjustment period, the Goldilocks effect, screen to screen, post-detox binge, progress not perfection, and words of wisdom, all of which provide contextualization of the quantitative findings and valuable insights for future detoxes. In conclusion, the findings of this exploratory study provide initial support for the use of social media digital detoxes, suggesting that limiting usage can have beneficial effects with regards to smartphone and social media addiction, as well as many other health-related outcomes.