Periodontal Regeneration Of Intrabony Defects Research Articles

Role of Alginate-based Scaffolds for Periodontal Regeneration of Intrabony Defects: A Systematic Review

Role of Alginate-based Scaffolds for Periodontal Regeneration of Intrabony Defects: A Systematic Review

Orthodontic tooth movement after periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects.

The prevalence of intrabony defects in patients with advanced periodontitis stages III and IV is high. These patients usually need both periodontal treatment and orthodontic therapy, including tooth movement through bone defects, to improve masticatory function, aesthetics, and overall quality of life. Clinical practice guidelines recommend periodontal regenerative surgical interventions to resolve these defects and propose initiating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) once periodontal therapy goals have been met. Surgical interventions using various regenerative technologies like barrier membranes and enamel matrix proteins, combined or not with bone replacement grafts, have proven effective in regenerating lost periodontal tissues. However, the combination of periodontal and orthodontic treatments requires consideration of how periodontal regenerative therapies influence OTM. Studies suggest that regenerated bone may differ in density, composition, vascularity, and cellular activity, potentially affecting the speed and efficiency of OTM, and potential root resorption of moved teeth. Understanding the sequence and timing of implementing OTM after regenerative periodontal interventions is crucial due to their interlinked processes of bone resorption and formation. This narrative review aims to uncover scientific evidence regarding these combined treatments, examining the impacts of different regenerative technologies on OTM and delineating their advantages, limitations, and best practices.

RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF BONE FILLING IN INTRABONY PERIODONTAL DEFECTS WITH CERABONE® AS BONE REPLACEMENT GRAFT: CASE SERIES

The regeneration of lost periodontal tissues due to periodontal disease remains a difficult clinical challenge. As clinicians, we look for procedures with improved predictability, beneficial impact on the treatment of periodontal disease, and in the long term – improvement of prognosis of the involved teeth. Various types of grafting materials with substantial research evidence reporting on their efficacy have been introduced in regenerative periodontal therapy based on their ability to facilitate the reconstruction of the lost supporting apparatus. Consequently, the periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects involves not only the experience and skills of the clinicians but also the selection of suitable regenerative material. The type of tissue filling in a periodontal defect after surgical treatment can only be precisely evaluated by histological means, and it is restricted to a few cases due to ethical reasons. Histologic studies have demonstrated regeneration potential for GTR, allografts, xenografts and growth factors. And since the periodontal regeneration includes the regrowth of alveolar bone, by using radiographs, changes of the alveolar crest may be used to monitor periodontal healing. Our case series present the radiographic evaluation of the bone fill of 6 vertical bone defects treated with Cerabone®. The xenograft Cerabone® is a 100% pure bone mineral of bovine origin that has been successfully applied in regenerative dentistry and has been in use for more than 15 years in various medical applications (e.g. craniofacial surgery, oncology and hand and spine surgery).

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Periodontal Regeneration Using a Porous Collagen Scaffold.

(1) Aim: To immunohistochemically evaluate the effect of a volume-stable collagen scaffold (VCMX) on periodontal regeneration. (2) Methods: In eight beagle dogs, acute two-wall intrabony defects were treated with open flap debridement either with VCMX (test) or without (control). After 12 weeks, eight defects out of four animals were processed for paraffin histology and immunohistochemistry. (3) Results: All defects (four test + four control) revealed periodontal regeneration with cementum and bone formation. VCMX remnants were integrated in bone, periodontal ligament (PDL), and cementum. No differences in immunohistochemical labeling patterns were observed between test and control sites. New bone and cementum were labeled for bone sialoprotein, while the regenerated PDL was labeled for periostin and collagen type 1. Cytokeratin-positive epithelial cell rests of Malassez were detected in 50% of the defects. The regenerated PDL demonstrated a larger blood vessel area at the test (14.48% ± 3.52%) than at control sites (8.04% ± 1.85%, p = 0.0007). The number of blood vessels was higher in the regenerated PDL (test + control) compared to the pristine one (p = 0.012). The cell proliferative index was not statistically significantly different in pristine and regenerated PDL. (4) Conclusions: The data suggest a positive effect of VCMX on angiogenesis and an equally high cell turnover in the regenerated and pristine PDL. This VCMX supported periodontal regeneration in intrabony defects.

The Applications of Enamel Matrix Derivative in Implant Dentistry: A Narrative Review.

Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been successfully used for periodontal regeneration in intrabony defects. Recently, its use for peri-implant bone regeneration has also been hypothesized. The aim of this paper is to review preclinical and clinical studies investigating the use of EMD in correspondence with titanium implants, alone or as an adjunct to other biomaterials. Clinical trials and case series with more than five cases were included. Seven in vitro studies evaluated the effect of EMD, placed on titanium surfaces: An increase in proliferation and viability of osteoblasts was observed in all but two studies. An increase in TGF-β1 and osteocalcin production, alkaline phosphatase activity, and angiogenesis was also reported. Nine animal studies investigated the use of EMD at implant placement or for bone regeneration of peri-implant bone defects, and some of them reported a significant increase in bone formation or bone-to-implant contact. In four of eleven clinical trials on humans, EMD was successfully used at implant placement. The other seven evaluated the use of EMD in protocols for the treatment of peri-implantitis. In conclusion, the results of EMD seem promising, but further randomized clinical trials are needed to evaluate its efficacy.

Pocket resolution in regenerative treatment of intrabony defects with papilla preservation techniques: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

To systematically assess the clinical performance of different approaches for periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects in terms of pocket resolution compared to access surgery with papilla preservation techniques (PPTs). Systematic literature searches were conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL up to April 2020 to identify RCTs on regenerative treatment [guided tissue regeneration (GTR) or enamel matrix derivative (EMD) with or without biomaterials] of intrabony defects using PPTs. Results were expressed as weighted mean percentages (WMP) or risk ratios of pocket resolution at 12months (considering both final PD≤3mm and ≤4mm). A total of 12 RCTs were included. Based on a final PD≤3mm or PD≤4mm, the WMP of pocket resolution was 61.4% and 92.1%, respectively. EMD and GTR obtained comparable results. Pairwise meta-analysis identified a greater probability of achieving pocket resolution for GTR compared to PPTs. The number needed to treat for GTR to obtain one extra intrabony defect achieving PD≤3mm or PD≤4mm over PPTs was 2 and 4, respectively. Regenerative surgery represents a viable approach to obtain final PD≤4mm in the short-term.

Clinical effectiveness of anorganic bovine-derived hydroxyapatite matrix/cell-binding peptidegrafts for regeneration of periodontal defects: asystematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: To ascertain clinical effectiveness of anorganic bovine-derived hydroxyapatite matrix/cell-binding peptide (ABM/P-15) for regeneration of periodontal defects. Materials & methods: Electronic databases (National Library of Medicine [Medline by PubMed], Cochrane Library [Wiley], CINAHL [EBSCO] and Medline [EBSCO]) were systematically searched up to December 2019. Randomized controlled clinical trials comparing ABM/P-15 grafts to conventional surgery for intrabonyand gingival recession defects were included and evaluated intrabony defects including clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depthand gingival recession. Results: A significant gain in CAL (1.37mm), and reduction in probing depth (1.22mm) were shown by ABM/P-15 grafts than open flap debridement(p < 0.00001). The subgroup analysis also showed better results for ABM/P-15 grafts in CAL gain for intrabony defects. For furcation and gingival recession defects, no significant difference was seen. Conclusion: The adjunct use of ABM/P-15 grafts in conventional periodontal surgery is useful for periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects.

Enamel Matrix Derivative and Autogenous Bone Graft for Periodontal Regeneration of Intrabony Defects in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The combination of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) with an autogenous bone graft in periodontal regeneration has been proposed to improve clinical outcomes, especially in case of deep non-contained periodontal defects, with variable results. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of EMD in combination with autogenous bone graft compared with the use of EMD alone for the regeneration of periodontal intrabony defects. A literature search in PubMed and in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was carried out on February 2019 using an ad-hoc search string created by two independent and calibrated reviewers. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing a combination of EMD and autogenous bone graft with EMD alone for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects were included. Studies involving other graft materials were excluded. The requested follow-up was at least 6 months. There was no restriction on age or number of patients. Standard difference in means between test and control groups as well as relative forest plots were calculated for clinical attachment level gain (CALgain), probing depth reduction (PDred), and gingival recession increase (RECinc). Three RCTs reporting on 79 patients and 98 intrabony defects were selected for the analysis. Statistical heterogeneity was detected as significantly high in the analysis of PDred and RECinc (I2 = 85.28%, p = 0.001; I2 = 73.95%, p = 0.022, respectively), but not in the analysis of CALgain (I2 = 59.30%, p = 0.086). Standard difference in means (SDM) for CALgain between test and control groups amounted to −0.34 mm (95% CI −0.77 to 0.09; p = 0.12). SDM for PDred amounted to −0.43 mm (95% CI −0.86 to 0.01; p = 0.06). SDM for RECinc amounted to 0.12 mm (95% CI −0.30 to 0.55. p = 0.57). Within their limits, the obtained results indicate that the combination of enamel matrix derivative and autogenous bone graft may result in non-significant additional clinical improvements in terms of CALgain, PDred, and RECinc compared with those obtained with EMD alone. Several factors, including the surgical protocol used (e.g. supracrestal soft tissue preservation techniques) could have masked the potential additional benefit of the combined approach. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials, with well-defined selection criteria and operative protocols, are needed to draw more definite conclusions.

Efficacy of Platelet Rich Plasma and Platelet Rich Fibrin in Periodontal Regeneration: Systematic Review.

Regeneration is defined as the reproduction or reconstruction of a lost part or injury of the body in such a way that the architecture and function of the lost or injured tissue are completely restored. The goal of regenerative periodontal therapy is to restore the structure and function of the periodontium. The positive effects of Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are attributed to the angiogenic, mitogenic and proliferative capacities of growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a second generation platelet concentrate that allows fibrin membranes enriched with platelets and growth factors to be obtained after starting an anticoagulant-free blood collection without any biomechanical artificial modification. The objective of this review is to know the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin in the periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects. The clinical implications for this autologous material are promising. Further long term, larger, multicentred randomized controlled clinical trials are required to determine the effects of PRP and PRF on the regeneration of alveolar bone due to periodontal disease.

PC217: Periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects in the esthetic area

PC217: Periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects in the esthetic area

Efficacy of Adjunctive Bioactive Materials in the Treatment of Periodontal Intrabony Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives Lots of bioactive materials have been additionally applied for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defect. However, there is dearth of studies to systematically evaluate the supplementary role of them in periodontal regeneration. The goal of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the adjunctive effects of bioactive materials such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), enamel matrix derivative (EMD), and amnion membrane (AM) on the outcomes of bone grafting treatment for periodontal intrabony defects. Methods Articles published before December 2017 were searched electronically in three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central), with no date or language limits. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the assessment of effectiveness of the four biomaterials in conjunction with demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBA) in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Data were analyzed with STATA 12. Results Nine studies were included. PRF and PRP significantly improved pocket depth (PD) reduction and clinical attachment loss (CAL) gain. Only PRF exhibited a positive result in recession reduction (RecRed). Only PRP showed a statistically significant increase in bone fill. AM merely gained more CAL. EMD did not improve any clinical outcome. Conclusion Our data suggest that PRF/PRP could be taken as a preferred adjunct to facilitate periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects.

Enamel Matrix Derivative Proteins in Combination with a Flapless Approach for Periodontal Regeneration of Intrabony Defects: A 2-Year Prospective Case Series.

The present case series evaluated the potential benefits of a flapless approach in the regenerative treatment of residual deep intrabony defects. In each of 11 patients, one periodontal defect with an intrabony component of ≥ 3 mm was treated regeneratively using enamel matrix derivative combined with a closed surgical technique. Clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline and at 12 and 24 months postoperatively. All defects experienced favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes at the 24-month follow-up. When considering only sites located in the anterior region, all experienced complete pocket closure.

Regenerative Therapies in the Treatment of Intrabony Defects Show High Clinical Efficacy

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Periodontal Regeneration – Intrabony Defects: A Systematic Review From the AAP Regeneration Workshop. Kao RT, Nares S, Reynolds MA. J Periodontol 2015;86(Suppl.):S77-S104. Reviewers Francesco Cairo, DDS, Umberto Pagliaro, MD Purpose/Question What is the evidence for periodontal regeneration in intrabony defects related to patient-centered behavioral and systemic considerations, results, tooth mobility, flap design, defect morphology, and surgical complications? What is the evidence for classic regenerative approaches (demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft [DFDBA], GTR, and GTR combined with graft materials), laser-assisted regeneration (LAR), enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) (EMD alone, EMD versus GTR, and EMD combination), and recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor BB (rhPDGF-BB)? What is the optimal timing of regenerative treatment of intrabony defects in relation to orthodontic and endodontic therapy? Source of Funding The authors reported that Dr. Nares has received lecture fees from DENTSPLY (York, Pennsylvania). Dr. Reynolds has received research funding from Millennium Dental Technologies (Cerritos, California) and Zimmer Dental (Carlsbad, California), and is an unpaid consultant for LifeNet Health (Virginia Beach, Virginia); Dr. Kao reported no conflicts of interest related to this review. The 2014 Regeneration Workshop was hosted by the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) and supported in part by the AAP Foundation, Geistlich Pharma North America, Colgate-Palmolive, and the Osteology Foundation. Type of Study/Design Comprehensive literature review Level of Evidence Level 3: Consensus, disease-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Grade C: Consensus, disease-oriented evidence

Enamel matrix derivative and bone grafts for periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the clinical efficacy of regenerative periodontal surgery of intrabony defects using a combination of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and bone graft compared with that of EMD alone. The Cochrane Oral Health Group specialist trials, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were searched for entries up to February 2014. The primary outcome was gain of clinical attachment (CAL). Weighted means and forest plots were calculated for CAL gain, probing depth (PD), and gingival recession (REC). Twelve studies reporting on 434 patients and 548 intrabony defects were selected for the analysis. Mean CAL gain amounted to 3.76 ± 1.07 mm (median 3.63 95 % CI 3.51-3.75) following treatment with a combination of EMD and bone graft and to 3.32 ± 1.04 mm (median 3.40; 95 % CI 3.28-3.52) following treatment with EMD alone. Mean PD reduction measured 4.22 ± 1.20 mm (median 4.10; 95 % CI 3.96-4.24) at sites treated with EMD and bone graft and yielded 4.12 ± 1.07 mm (median 4.00; 95 % CI 3.88-4.12) at sites treated with EMD alone. Mean REC increase amounted to 0.76 ± 0.42 mm (median 0.63; 95 % CI 0.58-0.68) at sites treated with EMD and bone graft and to 0.91 ± 0.26 mm (median 0.90; 95 % CI 0.87-0.93) at sites treated with EMD alone. Within their limits, the present results indicate that the combination of EMD and bone grafts may result in additional clinical improvements in terms of CAL gain and PD reduction compared with those obtained with EMD alone. The potential influence of the chosen graft material or of the surgical procedure (i.e., flap design) on the clinical outcomes is unclear. The present findings support the use of EMD and bone grafts for the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects.

Periodontal Regeneration - Intrabony Defects: Practical Applications From the AAP Regeneration Workshop.

Focused Clinical Question: What are important considerations for selecting a predictable regenerative surgical approach for intrabony defects? Summary: The predictable regeneration of intrabony defects remains an important goal in the management of periodontitis. Clinical and histologic evidence of periodontal regeneration has been shown for multiple regenerative therapies, including bone replacement grafts, guided tissue regeneration, and biologics, when used alone or in combination. Regenerative therapies improve periodontal health, as evidenced by gains in clinical attachment level, reductions in probing depth, and gains in radiographic bone fill. Important patient-related factors (e.g., smoking) and defect/site-related factors (e.g., defect morphology and gingival biotype) can influence the potential to achieve periodontal regeneration. The regeneration of intrabony defects generally becomes more challenging with increasing loss of height, proximity, and number of bony walls. Therefore, combination therapies may be necessary to achieve predictable regeneration. Clinical improvements after regenerative therapy can be maintained over extended periods (≥10 years) with professional maintenance at appropriate intervals and adequate home care. Conclusions: Periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects is possible using a variety of regenerative strategies. Management should be coupled with an effective oral hygiene and supportive periodontal maintenance program for long-term success.

Clinical evaluation of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate composite graft in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defect: A clinico-radiographic study.

Background and Objective:Hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) grafts have shown to be effective in promoting the clinical signs of periodontal regeneration in intrabony defects. The aim of our study was to clinically and radiographically evaluate the efficacy of HA and β-TCP composite bone graft material in the treatment of intrabony three-wall defect.Materials and Methods:Twenty patients participated in this study. Interproximal bony defects were surgically treated with a combination of HA–βTCP (biphasic calcium phosphate). Changes in clinical parameters such as gingival status, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment, and radiographic estimation of the amount of bone fill were evaluated after 6 months postoperatively.Statistical Analysis Used:Student's “t” test.Results:This treatment modality resulted in significant pocket depth reduction and clinical attachment gain which were observed to be 2.938 mm (47.04%) and 3.188 mm (29.09%), respectively. The defect fill as seen radiographically was 3.204 mm (63.195%). All the differences were highly significant and in favor of postoperative group.Conclusion:The results of this study suggest that HA–βTCP (biphasic calcium phosphate) provides an added regenerative effect in promoting the clinical resolution of intrabony three-wall defects in patients with periodontitis.

Effect of pulverized natural bone mineral on regeneration of three-wall intrabony defects. A preclinical study

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of a paste-like bone substitute material with easy handling properties and improved mechanical stability on periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects in dogs. Mandibular and maxillary first and third premolars were extracted, and three-wall intrabony defects were created on second and fourth premolars. After a healing period of 3 months, acute type defects were filled with a paste-like formulation of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) (particle size, 0.125-0.25 mm) in a collagenous carrier matrix (T1), pulverized DBBM (particle size, 0.125-0.25 mm) without the carrier (T2), or Bio-Oss® granules (particle size, 0.25-1.00 mm) as control (C). All defects were covered with a Bio-Gide® membrane. The dogs were sacrificed after 12 weeks, and the specimens were analyzed histologically and histometrically. Postoperative healing of all defects was uneventful, and no histological signs of inflammation were observed in the augmented and gingival regions. New cementum, new periodontal ligament, and new bone were observed in all three groups. The mean vertical bone gain was 3.26 mm (T1), 3.60 mm (T2), and 3.81 mm (C). That of new cementum was 2.25 mm (T1), 3.88 mm (T2), and 3.53 mm (C). The differences did not reach statistical significance. The DBBM particles were both incorporated in new bone and embedded in immature bone marrow. The results of this preclinical study showed that the 0.125-0.25-mm DBBM particles in a powder or paste formulation resulted in periodontal regeneration comparable to the commercially available DBBM. Osteoconductivity, in particular, was not affected by DBBM size or paste formulation. The improved handling properties of the paste-like bone substitute consisting of small DBBM particles embedded in a collagen-based carrier hold promise for clinical applications.

Effects of EMD in combination with bone swaging and calcium phosphate bone cement on periodontal regeneration in one‐wall intrabony defects in dogs

Although the application of EMD is a widely accepted periodontal-regenerative therapy, its effects on noncontained intrabony defects are unpredictable because of the lack of a space-making property. The combined use of EMD and autogenous bone grafts reportedly stimulates significant periodontal regeneration in intrabony defects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of EMD in combination with bone swaging (BS) and injectable calcium phosphate bone cement (CPC), which was placed into the spaces between the grafted swaged bone and the proximal host bone, on periodontal healing in one-wall intrabony defects in dogs. One-wall intrabony defects (3 mm wide and 5 mm deep) were surgically created on the mesial and distal sides of the bilateral mandibular premolars in four dogs. The 16 defects were assigned to one of the following treatments: EMD only, BS only, EMD with BS (EMD + BS), or EMD with BS and CPC (EMD + BS + CPC). The animals were killed 8 wk after surgery for histologic evaluation. The height of newly formed bone was significantly greater in the EMD + BS + CPC group (3.73 ± 0.30 mm) than in the BS-only (2.74 ± 0.33 mm; p < 0.05) and EMD + BS (2.88 ± 0.98 mm; p < 0.05) groups. The area of newly formed bone was significantly larger in the EMD + BS + CPC group (5.68 ± 1.66 mm(2)) than in the EMD-only (3.68 ± 0.33 mm(2); p < 0.05), BS-only (3.48 ± 1.26 mm(2); p < 0.05) and EMD + BS (3.38 ± 1.37 mm(2); p < 0.05) groups. The EMD-only (4.63 ± 0.42 mm), EMD + BS (4.67 ± 0.30 mm) and EMD + BS + CPC (4.78 ± 0.54 mm) groups showed significantly greater cementum formation than did the BS-only group (3.93 ± 0.56 mm; p < 0.05). These results indicate that treatment with EMD + BS + CPC promotes favorable periodontal healing in one-wall intrabony defects in dogs.

Effect of plasma rich in growth factors on the healing of intrabony defects in human: a comparative clinical trial

Background and aims. A combination of guided tissue regeneration (GTR), bovine porous bone mineral (BPBM), and platelet rich plasma has been already applied for the regeneration of intrabony defects. The aim of this study was to determine the role of plasma rich in growth factor (PRGF) alone in the periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects in humans as compared with BPBM/GTR Technique. Materials and methods. In this split-mouth clinical trial, nine advanced periodontal patients with 20 intrabony defects were randomly treated with a combination of either BPBM/GTR (control) or PRGF (test). Periodontal parameters including gingival recession, probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and relative clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated at baseline and 6 months post-operatively. Results. No difference was observed at baseline between the two groups. At 6-month post-treatment, both techniques demonstrated significant reduction in CAL, PD and GI. The mean pocket depth reduction in control group was 4.1 ± 1.52 mm and 4.5 ± 1.5 mm on buccal and lingual sites, respectively (P < 0.0001); and 3.6 ± 0.9 mm in the test group. The changes in CAL in the deepest part of the defect were 3.06 ± 1.79 mm and 2.33 ± 0.78 mm for test and control groups, respectively. No statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups after 6 months. Conclusion. According to the results, the use of PRGF alone, similar to BPBM/GTR improves clinical parameters and plays a significant role in PD reduction and CAL gain.

.BETA.-tricalcium phosphate and basic fibroblast growth factor combination enhances periodontal regeneration in intrabony defects in dogs

The combined effect of beta-tricalcium phosphate and basic fibroblast growth factor was observed in the regeneration of periodontal tissue in dogs. For this purpose, either beta-TCP and FGF-2 (beta-TCP/FGF-2 group) or FGF-2 alone (FGF-2 group) was applied in intrabony defects. The control group received beta-TCP alone. The tissues were histologically examined at 2, 4, or 8 weeks following treatment. The control group was characterized by incomplete, newly formed bone around beta-TCP particles. The beta-TCP/FGF-2 group showed a statistically significant increase in both new bone and cementum formation compared to the FGF-2-alone group (76.3% vs. 65.3%, p < 0.01; 81.0% vs. 68.3%, p < 0.01, respectively). These findings suggested that beta-TCP may be a suitable scaffold for FGF-2 and that the combination of beta-TCP and FGF-2 can enhance bone and cementum formation.