Periodontal Illness Research Articles

Characteristics of HIF-1Α and HSP70 MRNA Expression, Level, and Interleukins in Experimental Chronic Generalized Periodontitis.

Periodontal diseases are a rather complex problem of modern dentistry and do not have only medical but also social significance. The objective of this study is to weigh the effect of a mixture of Thiotriazoline and L-arginine (1:4) on the parameters of the system of endogenous cytoprotection of blood and periodontal illness in rats with experimental chronic generalized periodontitis and substantiate further study of this blend. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of a combination of Thiotriazoline and L-arginine (in a ratio of 1:4) on the parameters of the endogenous blood cytoprotection system and periodontium in rats with experimental chronic generalized periodontitis. A group of outbred rats weighing 190-220 g and sourced from the vivarium of the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine were divided into four groups, each consisting of 10 animals. (1) Intact group, animals that were injected intragastrically with a solution of sodium chloride to chloride 0.9% for 30 days. (2) control, animals with experimental CGP who intragastrically sodium chloride solution 0.9% for 30 days. (3) animals with experimental CGP were injected intramuscularly with Thiotriazoline + L-arginine (1:4) in a dosage of 200 mg/kg (30 days). (4) animals with experimental CGP, for which daily intragastric reference drug Mexidol, in dosage 250 mg/kg (30 days). In this study, we utilized two substances: Thiotriazoline and L-arginine hydrochloride. The combination of Thiotriazoline and L-arginine (in a ratio of 1:4) was prepared at the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry of ZSMU. At the conclusion of the experiment, the rats were carefully removed from the study while under thiopental-sodium anesthesia, and administered at a dosage of 40 mg/kg. We have found that the administration of a combined preparation of Thiotriazoline with L-arginine to rats with CGP leads to a significant decrease in the blood concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1b and TNF-a by 56.1% and 71%, respectively. The administration of Mexidol at a dosage of 250 mg/kg, as well as the combination of Thiotriazoline and Larginine in a ratio of 1:4 at a dosage of 200 mg/kg, resulted in a significant reduction in gingival pocket depth in animals with CGP. Specifically, the gingival pocket depth was reduced to 6 mm (p < 0.05) with Mexidol and further reduced to 4 mm (p < 0.05) with the combination of Thiotriazoline and L-arginine. Additionally, the animals exhibited minimal bleeding, swelling, and tooth mobility when treated with the combination of Thiotriazoline and L-arginine. The administration of a combination of Thiotriazoline and L-arginine (in a ratio of 1:4) at a dosage of 200 mg/kg to animals with CGP resulted in a noteworthy reduction in the blood concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1b and TNF-a. Specifically, there was a significant decrease of 56.1% (p < 0.05) in IL-1b and 71% (p < 0.05) in TNF-a levels. The course administration of a combination of Thiotriazoline and L-arginine (1:4) (200 mg/kg) to animals with CGP led to an increased expression of HSP70 mRNA (p < 0.05) in the periodontium by 8.2 times and HIF-1a mRNA by 8.2 times. 2.8 times (p < 0.05) against the background of an increase in the blood concentration of HSP70 by 95% (p < 0.05). Also, in the periodontium of animals in this group, a decrease in the expression of c-Fos mRNA by 36.7% (p < 0.05) was found compared to the control group.

Assessment of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax in Patients with Chronic Diseases and its Correlation with Some Risk Factors.

Trichomonas tenax (T. tenax) and Entamoeba gingivalis (E. gingivalis) are two oral protozoan parasites that are universal and found in patients with poor oral hygiene, as well as chronic and periodontal diseases. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of some parameters, such as age, gender, education, residency, smoking, and dental cleaning routines, on the incidence of these parasites in the oral cavity of the patients participating in this study. A total of 230 individuals with chronic diseases, 97 of whom were patients (44 females and 53 males) participated in the present study. Dental plaque and saliva samples were collected from each patient and examined under light microscopy with Giemsa staining. Out of 230 dental plaque samples, 60 (26.08%) samples were positive for E. gingivalis, while 37 (16.08%) cases were positive for T. tenax. Diabetic patients showed high E. gingivalis percentage (n=12; 20%) (P=0.000*). However, thyroid disorders showed a low percentage. Hypertensive patients showed a high percentage for T. tenax (n=6; 16.21%) (P=0.000*), while tuberculosis patients showed the lowest percentage. Patients with hypertension, smoking, heart disease, and diabetes showed statistical significance for the presence of these parasites. Equally, patients older than 30 years have shown a higher rate of infection. According to the findings, E. gingivalis was detected in 58.33% and 41.66% of the urban and rural populations, respectively. Furthermore, T. tenax was detected in 81.08% and 18.91% of the urban and rural populations, respectively. Parasitic contagions were comparatively popular in patients with chronic and periodontal illness.

The Effect of Pepper Nigrum, Olea Europaea Mouthwash with Non Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Clinical Outcome And Oxidative Stress in Chronic Periodontitis Patients

Introduction: gargles are liquid topical drugs&nbsp; that action&nbsp; by gargling and&nbsp; rinsing into mouth. Many&nbsp; mouthwashes are&nbsp; existences&nbsp;&nbsp; and by prescription with a broad&nbsp; level&nbsp; of active components&nbsp; which can be manipulated as a&nbsp; helper&nbsp; to aid in the multifactorial therapy of complicated&nbsp; oral situation , &nbsp;consisting&nbsp; of&nbsp;gingivitis, halitosis, and&nbsp; periodontal illness. Newly ( Pepper Nigrum&nbsp; , Olea Europaea )&nbsp; are herbal&nbsp; with&nbsp;&nbsp; antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antifungal influences, using plant extracts as mouthwash , in addition to being safe and inexpensive. Aim :To measure&nbsp; the effect of herbal mouthwash (Pepper Nigrum , Olea Europaea) and non-surgical periodontal therapy&nbsp; in comparison with periodontal therapy alone&nbsp; on oxidative stress , total antioxidant capacity , antioxidant&nbsp; enzyme activities in all spit of sick person with chronic periodontitis. To investigate association amidst oxidative stress parameter, antioxidant enzymes, total antioxidant capacity and&nbsp; periodontal parameter Material&nbsp; and ways : A flow up study was conducted on a randomly selected sample of 72 patients (39male and 33femal) aged 25-55 years from patients&nbsp; attending college of dentistry ,department of periodontology from December 2020, to April&nbsp; 2020 .participants&nbsp; were assigned into three categories&nbsp; , every catigory consist of 24 patients : first group receiving non-surgical periodontal treatment NSPT and Pepper Nigrum&nbsp; mouthwash, second groups receiving Olea Europaea&nbsp; and NSPT&nbsp; while the third group control receiving NSPT only. Clinical attachment loss (CAL) and&nbsp; Plaque Index (PI) were recorded. Salivary oxidative stress eight hydroxy&nbsp; deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG),salivary&nbsp; Catalase(CAT) and salivary Total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), were measured Result : The concentration of salivary antioxidants (CAT)&nbsp; significantly increase p-value &lt;0.006, the periodontal parameter (CAL , PI) and oxidative stress 8-OHdG significantly decrease p-value&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;0.0001&nbsp; and&nbsp; &lt;0.001 respectively after two weeks following the NSPT&nbsp; in group of&nbsp; Pepper Nigrum, while TAOC was not changed .Moreover, for Olea Europaea&nbsp; group the clinical parameters of CAL, PI showed a significant decrease&nbsp; and p-value was (P&lt;0.0001) .Also&nbsp; CAT&nbsp;&nbsp; and TAOC express&nbsp; a significant increase&nbsp; (P&lt;0.0001) .In addition to oxidative stress 8-OHdG marker showed a significant decrease (p &lt;0.0001)&nbsp; Conclusion: According to our research, Pepper Nigrum, Olea Europaea mouthwash with NSPT reduced&nbsp; OS and bettering&nbsp; periodontal status and elevated salivary antioxidant&nbsp; . So, it is advised that Pepper Nigrum&nbsp; , Olea Europaea &nbsp;mouthwash&nbsp;&nbsp; with NSPT could&nbsp; be further efficient in control of inflammation in sick people with CP positive and negative correlations were found&nbsp; between biochemical and clinical parameters in Pepper Nigrum group &nbsp;while more positive correlation was&nbsp; found in Olea Europaea&nbsp; group. It indicates that periodontitis can be one of the factors for decreased antioxidant level in our body. It indicates that periodontitis can be one of the factors for decreased antioxidant level in our body &nbsp;

A Case Study on Multiple Myeloma

Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma and simply myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies. Often, no symptoms are noticed initially. As it progresses, bone pain, anemia, kidney dysfunction, and infections may occur. Multiple myeloma is a hematologic disease characterized by an increase in plasma cells in the bone marrow and, more commonly, the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin in the blood and / or urine. It is the second major hematologic attack found to have an annual occurrence with an increase in the United States of nearly 15,000 and approximately 45,000, respectively. The condition is higher with age (age between acquisitions of 67 yr). This case report describes a multiple myeloma patient presented with muscle sclerosis and was suspected of having myotonic dystrophy type 2 and illustrates the aspects of differential diagnosis, the use of laboratory and imaging for diagnosis.&#x0D; Conclusion: Despite the fact that periodontal illness has a detrimental impact on one's quality of life, those benefits are often ignored. As a consequence, periodontal consultation can be a key component of MM care. Treatment for periodontal disease should begin as soon as possible.

Global Burden of Periodontal Diseases: A Literature Review

Periodontal disease isprevalent each in advanced and growing nations and affect about 20-50% of the worldpopulation. Several hazard factors inclusive of smoking,heredity,diabetes,bad oral hygiene,age,pressureand medication which is related to periodontal illness. The devaluation inside occurrence and popularityof periodontitis can decrease its correlated fundamental illness and diminish their economic impact onhealth care systems. Periodontitisis one of the most important diseases which is chronic and leads to deathand disability worldwide. The speediest increase in the hardship of the chronic disease is acquiring in thegrowing nations.

The positioning of prosthetic Margo against gingival Margo, cause or not, of periodontitis

Background: The long, severe contour of prosthetic margo, remnants of cement used for adhesion, these are elements that affect the periodontal status of gingival margo, and then, the care of oral hygiene by the patient, affecting further aggravated gingival infection to fixed further in periodont.Methods: The experiment was conducted in 3 mice, to which were placed metal artificial crowns. It was controlled the effect of the mechanical action of prosthetic margo, established subgingival, agains the marginal gingival tissue.Results: The periodontal status was performed 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 1 month later, after placing the crows. After 2 months, was taken the samples of saliva for laboratory, to analyze the bacterial flora in the areas of the presence of gingival margo at the prosthetic crown.Conclusions: The presence of plaque that is not mechanically disconnected from gingival sulcus, influences the periodontal diseases that shows its characteristics, reflected significantly after 7 days, after 14 days, after 21 days. Signs of gingival inflammation are significant features of the evolution of related of periodontal illness, according to these dates already referred to us above.

Periodontal illness in diabetic patients of the educational policlinic "Julián Grimau". Santiago from Cuba. Cuba

Objetive: To identify the periodontal status of patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: A descriptive and cross- sectional study was conducted in 125 adult patients of the medical clinic from the family No. 33, belonging to the Educational Policlinic Julian Grimau, in the city of Santiago from Cuba, during one year. The Periodontal Index of Russell was used to determine the severity of the periodontal illness and the Index of quantitative analysis of Love to specify the degree of buccal hygiene. Results : The present research showed that most of the patients were female (92.5%), prevailing the established periodontitis for a (53.0%). Conclusions: In diabetic patients there is an increment on the severity of periodontal disease and the oral hygiene was deficient. It is recommended to generate educational interventions in diabetic patients to improve their oral hygiene.

Comparative Study of the Oral Health Profile of Institutionalized Elderly Persons in Brazil and Barcelona, Spain

Abstract Objective: To compare the oral health profile of institutionalized elderly persons in Brazil and in Barcelona, Spain, by gender and country of residence. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed of individuals aged 65 years and above (n=1,440), resident in the health region of Barcelona and in Brazil. Two surveys and exams relating to the oral health status of institutionalized elderly persons in Brazil (in 2008) and in Barcelona, Spain (in 2009) were carried out. Periodontal disease, tooth loss and dental caries were analyzed, considering age and cognitive ability. The sample was stratified by gender and country. Bivariate and multivariate Robust Poisson Regression models were used to obtain adjusted Prevalence Ratios (aPR), and a 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was employed. Results: In Barcelona, men and women had a higher prevalence of periodontal illness: Men - calculus (aPR:1.5; CI:1.08-2.19) and pocket (aPR:2.05; CI:1.43-2.93) results. Women - calculus (aPR:2.4; CI:1.77-3.24) and pocket (aPR:3.2; CI:2.29-4.53) results. In Barcelona there was a lower prevalence of edentulism (aPR:0.49; CI:0.37-0.65) and functional edentulism (aPR:0.49; CI:0.40-0.60) among men. The same results were found among women with a lower prevalence of edentulism (aPR:0.49; CI: 0.41-0.58) and functional edentulism (aPR:0.42; CI: 0.30-0.49). Conclusions: A poor state of oral health of men and women was observed in both countries, with the elderly from Barcelona having worse periodontal health and the elderly from Brazil having greater tooth loss.

Clinical Evaluation of Comprehensive Versus Routine Oral Care among Critically Ill Patients

Oral care is an essential nursing management for critically ill patients who cannot carryout his activity by themselves in critical care units. Oral care of the critically ill affect theincidence of periodontal illness. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of comprehensive versusroutine oral care on oral health of critically ill patients at intensive care unit. To achieve this aim, a quasiexperimentalresearch design was utilized. The study was carried out at the Intensive Care Unit at TantaEmergency Hospital. A convenient sample of 40 adult patients were selected and randomly divided intotwo equal groups, 20 patients in each group. Two tools were used for data collection. Tool I: Critically IllPatient’s Assessment Sheet and Tool II: Oral Assessment guide Scale. Hypotheses: The comprehensiveoral care is more effective than routine oral care in minimizing oral problems for critically ill patients atintensive care unit. The results showed that there was no significance difference between study andcontrol group in the first day of admission. However at third and seventh day of admission, there wassignificant improvement of condition of swallow, lips, tongue, mucus membrane, teeth, and Oder in studygroup compared to control group. While the difference was significant on seven day only in gingival andsaliva with P = 0.00. The study concluded that oral comprehensive care was more effective than oralroutine care in improving oral health status of critically ill patients. Based on findings of the study it isrecommended to use comprehensive oral care for ICU patients as well as the non-intubated patient withself-care deficits. Assessment of oral health status should be incorporated as part of routine care ofcritically ill patients.

A realidade da saúde bucal do idoso no Sudeste brasileiro

The scope of this work was to describe the alterations revealed in oral/dental structures resulting from ageing and to verify, through the national scientific production, with emphasis on the Southeastern region, the prevaling oral/dental problems in the elderly. A review of the literature on the theme of ageing in the context of dentistry was conducted. The results pointed to the fact that the elderly population is the fastest growing population segment. The prevailing oral/dental problems in this age bracket are radicular caries and periodontal illness, which contribute to the vast majority of dental extractions. In the Southeastern region of Brazil, the use of prostheses is low when compared with the high rate of tooth loss and the percentage of partially toothed elderly people; the value of the CPOD index is high and the elderly have a positive perception on their teeth, despite the fact that oral/dental problems have a negative impact on their lives. It is concluded that the inclusion of a dental surgeon in the healthcare team of the institutions and the systematization of oral/dental hygiene are pressing needs, in addition to the need for ongoing work of guidance for the the oral/dental healthcare of the elderly. Broadening of the study in this area is also fundamental to ensure dental care and treatment of these individuals.

Saúde bucal dos índios Guaraní no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

The aim of the present study was to describe the oral health conditions of Guaraní Indians in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A cross-sectional oral health survey was conducted in 508 subjects (90.7% of the Guaraní population) using World Health Organization criteria. At 5 years of age, 38.5% of children were caries-free. DMF-T was 1.7 at 12 years. 54.2% of subjects in the 35-44-year group and 12% in the 65-74-year group had at least 20 teeth. Numbers of teeth for the 35-44 and 65-74 age groups were 18.5 and 8.5, respectively. While caries index did not differ by gender for deciduous teeth, DMF-T and tooth loss was higher in women. Nearly 60% of the population showed no periodontal illness. Gingival bleeding and calculus were the most severe periodontal conditions. Gingival bleeding and calculus were more common in men and excluded sextants more common in women. Oral health promotion strategies are needed for this ethnic group and should consider the epidemiological profile according to age and gender.

HÁBITOS ALIMENTARES E DE HIGIENE ORAL INFLUENCIANDO A SAÚDE BUCAL DA GESTANTE

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em 2003 e teve como objetivo a investigação dos hábitos alimentares e da negligência dahigiene oral como fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de cárie e doença periodontal em pacientes grávidas. Foram avaliadas 34mulheres em período de gestação, entre 2 e 9 meses, usuárias de uma Unidade de Saúde Pública da região metropolitana de Curitiba. Foielaborado e aplicado para a amostra, um instrumento de avaliação com um odontograma para realização de exame simplificado, e queapresentava perguntas sobre hábitos alimentares e de higiene bucal. Os resultados mostraram que 56% das gestantes tinham cárie, 44%possuíam uma higiene deficiente e 56% não utilizavam fio dental. A baixa freqüência de consulta ao dentista foi de 77%, e é demonstradapelo índice de cálculo de 56%. Das mulheres analisadas, 100% utilizavam o açúcar para adoçar os alimentos e 53% apresentavam umaalta freqüência diária de ingestão de açúcar.

Contaminação da água de equipos odontológicos por Pseudomonas sp.

A contaminação da água utilizada nas unidades odontológicas representa um problema a ser solucionado, principalmente pelo risco de transmissão de doenças infecto-contagiosas. Pseudomonas são patógenos oportunistas e ubíquos. Agentes constantes de infecções hospitalares, em odontologia podem estar associados a infecções endodônticas ou com a doença periodontal. Este trabalho descreve a ocorrência de Pseudomonas sp. na água de reservatórios em equipos odontológicos. Foram coletadas amostras d´água em 33 equipos de consultórios particulares, do serviço público e em uma faculdade de odontologia. Após semeadura da água em tubos com caldo lauril tryptose e incubação a 37°C, foram realizados o isolamento e a identificação de Pseudomonas sp., seguindo-se o antibiograma, nos tubos que apresentaram turbidez e pigmento esverdeado. Pseudomonas sp. foram isoladas em 21,2% das amostras coletadas. As cepas foram resistentes a Penicilina G, oxacilina, eritromicina e cefalotina. Os resultados obtidos apontaram para a água nos reservatórios dos equipos como provável fonte de infecções por Pseudomonas em consultórios odontológicos.

The relationship between periodontal conditions and perceptions of periodontal health among Pakistani immigrants in Norway.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the periodontal status of Pakistani immigrants in Norway, a Third World population in an industrialized country. The findings were related to treatment needs, socio-demographic variables and cultural beliefs about periodontal health. The mean number of remaining teeth ranged from 27.7 in the 20-24-year-old age group to 25.1 in the group of 35-year-olds and older. Very few of the study population had no plaque or no subgingival calculus. Only 7.5% of the participants exhibited no bleeding at any index teeth. Age and residence in Pakistan were the strongest predictors of subgingival calculus and pocket depth. Those from the rural areas of Pakistan had deeper pockets than those from the cities. The data showed a population with high prevalences of teeth with plaque, subgingival calculus and frequent gingival bleeding, but few sites with deep pockets. A periodontal treatment need index would indicate a substantial amount of treatment time. The present study suggests that also the perceived periodontal conditions, should be taken into account when periodontal services and health education strategies are planned. The concept of periodontal illness is introduced, defined as a person's perceptions and interpretations of periodontal symptoms.