Women In Period Research Articles

Young men's everyday life experiences with contraception and unintended pregnancy in Papua New Guinea.

Unintended adolescent pregnancy is a public health priority in Papua New Guinea (PNG), where national policies specify need for easier access to reliable modern contraceptives. To reduce young people's experiences of unintended pregnancy in PNG, improved understandings of use of modern and other forms of contraception within young people's relationships is required to support the development of new sexual and reproductive health (SRH) programs and policies. The aim of this paper is to understand young men's use of modern and other contraceptives. This qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with 35 sexually active young men aged 15-24 years, who were sampled purposively from the general population within community-based settings. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis techniques. Our analysis of young men's everyday experiences of using condoms and other contraceptives highlights clear drivers of unintended adolescent pregnancies. Across three settings, these included non-use of any modern method at first sex or during early sexual experiences; inconsistent use of condoms, often only after first pregnancy experiences; difficulties accessing condoms from health service providers, pharmacies and stores; a lack of understanding of other modern contraceptive strategies; inconsistent use of the withdrawal method; and inconsistent and incorrect use of calendar approaches due to misunderstandings about women's fertile period. Ten young men had never used any form of contraception. These occurred largely because young men's sexual agency is constrained within sexual and peer relationships, and community, school and health service settings, in ways that inhibit pregnancy prevention. It is important to engage meaningfully with young men to build sexual and reproductive health policies and programs that pay honest, respectful attention to young people's everyday sexual and social lives. Young men's everyday stories provide a unique lens through which we can identify mechanisms of change required to address the health and social inequities associated with unintended pregnancy among young men and young women in PNG and beyond.

A Socio-Economic Examination of the Representation of American Women in Ottoman Women's Periodicals

A Socio-Economic Examination of the Representation of American Women in Ottoman Women's Periodicals

고령여성의 빈곤대책으로서의 공적연금과 기초연금 - 한국과 독일 비교

Purpose: Korea reached an aging rate of 18.4% in 2023, and it is expected to reach 20.6% in 2025, making it a super-aged society. Meanwhile, Germany became a super-aged society in 2008, with an aging rate over 21%. In Korea and Germany, social concern about the elderly's poverty is increasing as the aging rate increases. However, there is a large difference between Korea and Germany in the relative poverty rate of the elderly, in particular for elderly women. This paper focuses on women's pension rights in the public pension and the basic security benefit in old age as measures against poverty of elderly women in Korea and Germany. Research design, data, and methodology: This paper examines the following two points as measures against poverty for the elderly in Korea and Germany, and compares the characteristics, similarities and differences between the two countries: First, the structures of women's pension rights and the pension amounts in the public pensions of Korea and Germany are compared. Second, as public pension and public assistance that guarantee stable income and minimum sociocultural standard of living for the elderly, Korea's “Basic Pension(BP)” and Germany's “Basic Security Benefit for the Elderly (GS: Grundsicherung)” and “Basic Pension(GR: Grundrente)” are compared. Results: The research results are the following three points. First, the relative poverty rate for elderly women in Germany is much lower than that in Korea, and one of the main reasons for this is consideration given to child-rearing period and short-time employment under the Pension law. In particular, the child-rearing period is an important factor for strengthening women's pension rights. Second, as a basic security benefit for the elderly, there is a “Basic Pension(BP)” in Korea, and there is a “Basic Security Benefit for the Elderly(GS)” in Germany. Although the two systems have similarities in terms of financial resources and means test methods, there are significant differences in the scope of eligible beneficiaries of benefit. Third, the basic pension(BP) in Korea and basic pension(GR) in Germany have the same name, and the financial resource for the benefits is borne by the government. But they are completely different systems. The basic pension(BP) in Korea is a public assistance, and its legal basis is similar to Basic Security Benefits for the Elderly(GS)''in Germany. The basic pension(GR) in Germany is an additional benefit added to the statutory public pension amounts and has the effect of increasing pension amount of elderly women in particular. Implications: Public pension and public assistance that guarantee the stable income and the sociocultural minimum subsistence level for women in old age are becoming more important than before. The public pension system in both countries have similarities in that the pension contribution is based on '' individual units'' and a dependent spouse is classified as Voluntary Insured Person. And both countries are enforcing ''basic pension'' as measures against poverty for the elderly. But the relative poverty rate for elderly women in Korea is 48.3%, much higher than 10.4% in Germany. The main reason for this difference between the two countries is the support in the pension system that takes into account women's child-rearing period, working style and low pension amount. Statutory public pension of Germany has the function of social compensation and burden distribution for child care. Korea, which needs to cope with its declining birthrate and aging society, needs to consider the achievements and effects of Germany, which takes into account the child-rearing support and the poverty measure for elderly women in its pension system.

Eating Patterns, Chronotypes, and Their Relationship with Metabolic Health in the Early Postpartum Period in Women after Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Observational studies have shown a relationship between eating patterns and chronotypes with metabolic health in the general population and in healthy pregnancies. Data are lacking in the postpartum period, which is characterized by an externally driven misalignment of sleep and food intake. We investigated the associations between eating patterns, chronotypes, and metabolic health in the early postpartum period in women who had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We prospectively included 313 women who completed their 6-8 weeks postpartum visit between January 2021 and March 2023 at the Lausanne University Hospital. Women filled questionnaires on the timing of food intake, sleep (a shortened Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire), and the chronotype (the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire) and underwent HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose measurements. After adjustments for weight, sleep quality, or breastfeeding, the later timing of the first and last food intake were associated with higher fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels 6-8 weeks postpartum (all p ≤ 0.046). A higher number of breakfasts per week and longer eating durations were associated with lower fasting plasma glucose levels (all p ≤ 0.028). The chronotype was not associated with metabolic health outcomes. Eating patterns, but not the chronotype, were associated with worsened metabolic health in the early postpartum period in women with previous GDM.

IMPACT OF DIET AND LIFESTYLE ON AGE OF MENARCHE

Menarche is a medical term that describes a woman's first menstrual period, marking the onset of menstruation and reproductive maturity. Menarche typically occurs during adolescence, usually between the age of 10 to 16 years. Various factors, including genetics, nutrition, body weight, and overall health, influence the onset of menarche. The impact of diet and lifestyle on the age of menarche in adolescent subjects was studied. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, involving a minimum of 203 subjects in and around Vijayanagar, Bangalore. Subjects were categorized into three groups based on the age at which they attained menarche: Group 1 (before 12 years), Group 2 (between 12-14 years), and Group 3 (above 14 years). Results of this survey showed a varied distribution of age of menarche: 8.0 % below 12 years of age group, 80 % between the age group 12-14, and 12 % above 14 years of age group. The dietary habits and consumption of ksheera (milk), ghrita (ghee), junk foods, caffeine, iron-rich foods, and water intake were examined, and other factors such as menarcheal age and status of agni ( digestive fire), samashana (eating wholesome an unwholesome food together), ajeernashana (eating without the previous meal getting digested), adhyasana (eating excess), guru ahara (heavy food), sheeta ahara ( cold food), virudda aahara (food having opposite potentials), exercise, emotional resilience, co-curricular activities, use of antibiotics, stress relation, exposure to sunlight of the subjects were also evaluated. The survey findings highlight diverse menarcheal ages, suggesting potential links with diet and lifestyle.

Assessment of Anxiety and Depression in the Perioperative Period in Women of Reproductive Age During Regional Anesthesia

Introduction Perioperative cognitive impairment occurs in both pregnant and non-pregnant women. Prediction, early detection and effective treatment of these disorders are important for the well-being of women and their offspring.Aim of study To evaluate the effect of anesthesia and surgery on the level of anxiety, depression, short-term memory, and concentration in pregnant and nonpregnant women.Material and methods The observational prospective study included 120 patients who were divided into two equal groups — pregnant (n=60) and nonpregnant (n=60) women. A comparative analysis of testing psychosomatic reactions and cognitive functions using the MoCa test, Benton and Wechsler tests, selfassessment questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was carried out. The relative risk and odds ratio of developing anxiety and depression were calculated.Results Anxiety indicators in pregnant women before surgery reached subclinical values of 7.5 (8.4; 6.6), and in non-pregnant women – the norm: 6.5 (7.3; 5.7) (p<0.001); Results of depression in pregnant women after surgery were 7.3 (8.5; 6.1), in non-pregnant women — the norm: 6.3 (7; 5.5) (p<0.001). The odds of developing short-term memory impairment in pregnant women before surgery was 3.1 times higher than in non-pregnant women, odds ratio 3.1 (95% CI [1.3–7.4]). In the pregnant group, short-term memory scores before surgery were 5 (5.8; 4.2), and after surgery they decreased to 3.8 (4.7; 2.9) (p<0.001). There was a decrease in concentration of attention in pregnant women: before surgery 6.2 (6.8; 5.6), and after surgery — 5 (5.8; 4.2) (p<0.001). The relative risk (RR) of developing depression in pregnant women after surgery was 6.1 times RR=6.1 (95% CI 2.4; 15.8), sensitivity Se (%)=0.9, specificity Sp (%)=0.5. The relative risk (RR) of developing short-term memory impairment after surgery was 1.1 times RR=1.1 (95% CI 1; 1.2), sensitivity Se (%)=0.5, specificity Sp (%)=0, 8. The relative risk (RR) of developing problems with concentration after surgery was 8.3 times RR=8.3 (95% CI 3.9; 18.3), sensitivity Se (%)=0.8, specificity Sp (%)=0.7.Conclusions The Results obtained allow us to conclude that before surgery, pregnant women experience a subclinical version of anxiety, against the background of which the chances of developing problems with short-term memory and concentration increase. After surgery, pregnant women experience a subclinical version of depression, along with it there is also impairment of intelligence, short-term memory and concentration. The initial impairment of memory and attention requires the selection of anesthesia in a group of pregnant women.

Menopausal symptom management: Fezolinetant's varied doses provide effective relief for vasomotor symptoms in women - A meta-analysis of 3291 participants.

Menopause represents the physiological transition when a woman's reproductive period ends associated with a variety of symptoms, including vasomotor symptoms, such as night sweats and hot flashes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of oral Fezolinetant for treating vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause. Five electronic databases were searched from their inception until May 2023. Via the Cochrane risk of bias tool, two reviewers assessed the studies' quality. The primary outcomes were a decrease in VMSs frequency and severity and safety outcomes at 4 and 12 weeks. Data were extracted and then analyzed using RevMan software. This meta-analysis included six trials with a total of 3291 women that compared Fezolinetant to a placebo in the treatment of menopausal VMSs. After 4 and 12 weeks of therapy, fezolinetant at 30 mg QD or 45 mg QD substantially decreased the frequency and severity of VMSs per 24 hours compared to placebo. Fezolinetant at 90 mg BID, 30 mg QD, or 45 mg QD did not show a significant difference in the rate of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), headache, and TEAEs leading to permanent discontinuation compared to placebo. Fezolinetant proves to be a successful and well-tolerated remedy for menopausal women suffering from VMSs. Notably, the 45 mg daily dosage over 12 weeks exhibited significant efficacy. Nonetheless, extensive future trials are necessary to ascertain its long-term safety, effectiveness, and relative potency compared to alternative VMS treatments like hormone therapy.

Recalled Maternal Rearing Behaviour of Individuals Born Preterm and Their Mothers: The Impact of Intimate Mother-Child Contact.

Background: Preterm birth is a risk factor for a variety of detrimental health outcomes. Previous studies have identified recalled (or remembered) parental rearing behaviour as a potential modifier of preterm individuals' mental health in adulthood. However, no investigations to date have contrasted the parents' and children's views, explored whether their congruence is associated with preterm individuals' mental health, or tested associations with maternal self-reported first skin-on-skin contact. Methods: This cohort study involved 199 participants of the Gutenberg Prematurity Eye Study (GPES), with prospective clinical examination and psychological assessment data available for individuals born preterm and term and their mothers' perspective on recalled parental rearing behaviour. Participants also completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results: There were substantial similarities between reported recalled maternal rearing behaviour of individuals born preterm and at term and their mothers, with individuals born preterm with lower gestational age (age of the pregnancy from the woman's last menstrual period) recalling mothers as comparatively more controlling and overprotective. Incongruence in recalled rejection/punishment was associated with more depressive symptoms. Late first skin-to-skin contact was related to more recalled maternal rejection/punishment, less emotional warmth, and more control/overprotection. Conclusions: this study expands the knowledge about the interrelations of preterm birth, maternal rearing behaviour, and mental health, underscoring the relevance of first relationship experiences, including close intimate contact.

Discussing The White-Haired Girl Opera and Ballet from the Perspective of Female Characters

The scope of this dissertation is to study the female protagonist, Hei'er, in the White Hairy Maiden Opera and Ballet and to exemplify the historical context of the White Hairy Maiden Opera and Ballet and the characteristics of the status of women in this era. The purpose of the research is to draw the characteristics of the era of the female characters in Bai Mao Nü in relation to the female lead's plot and the women's characteristics of the era in the context of Chinese history. The writing process of the thesis is firstly to find the tableaux and scores of the White Hairy Woman's operas and dance dramas in Chinese websites for reading and to collect the literature related to the White Hairy Woman's operas and dance dramas, and to collect the literature on the historical background of China and the status of women in the period of the 1940s to the 1970s. Secondly, I set out a framework for the thesis, matched and categorised the collected literature with the framework, and wrote the thesis; finally, I revised the final version and submitted the course thesis. My research found that the female drama of the White Hairy Daughter opera and ballet fully embodies the unequal gender treatment and social status of women in 1940s China. This work of White Hair Woman also portrays a more vivid image of Chinese women in the 1940s. However, the limitation of this thesis is that this thesis discusses the character lines and the related historical background from the score of White Hairy Woman, but it is difficult to find the literature that elaborates on the music of White Hairy Woman, and almost all of them focus on the content of White Hairy Woman's textual plot. The reason why the authors have some difficulty in discussing the musical score examples and the women's period characteristics is because there is very little literature that can help the authors to provide good ideas for their analyses. The final conclusion is that the female zeitgeist after the 1940s has given the female role of the White-haired Woman a deeper historical significance, and has provided scholars studying the White-haired Woman's operas and ballets with a new interpretation of female perspectives. It is also enough to show that White Hairy Woman is not only a successful musical theatre in 20th century China, but also a female theatre work that can promote Chinese women to gradually weaken sexism.

Longitudinal Gut Microbiota Composition During Perinatal period in Women with Different Intensities of Depressive Symptoms

Longitudinal Gut Microbiota Composition During Perinatal period in Women with Different Intensities of Depressive Symptoms

Assessment of Unmet Needs of Family Planning in Extended Postpartum Period in Women of Urban Slum of Maharashtra

Abstract Context: Unmet need for family planning (FP) refers to the gap between the intentions to use FP methods and actual use. This poses a challenge to the FP program. Aims: The aim of this study was to find out the extent of unmet needs, associated sociodemographic factors, and possible reasons for unmet needs among women during the extended postpartum period (EPP). Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional analytical study in a slum community of Nagpur coming under a preview of urban primary health center. Subjects and Methods: The listing of females who are in EPP was made. Two hundred seventy women were selected by systematic random sampling for a period of 7 months in an urban slum using pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics was used for summarization of the data. Statistical association was determined using the Chi-square test. Results: In the present study, the extent of unmet needs during EPP was 145 (39.189%), 110 (75.862%) for spacing the birth, and 35 (24.137%) for limiting the birth. Unmet need was significantly associated with socioeconomic status and number of living children. The main reason for the unmet need for FP was fear of side effects. (n = 127, 87.56%). Conclusions: The extended period of postpartum is an opportunity to provide FP services by adding more components on counseling and alleviating fear among women.

Contraception History and Nutritional Status Affected the Menopause Incidents on Women

Menopause is a natural process that every woman will experience. Menopause is the end of a woman's reproductive period or the time her last menstrual cycle occurs. The active reproductive period is marked by the first menstruation or what is usually called menarche. The diagnosis of menopause is made after amenorrhea for at least one year. Cessation of menstruation may be preceded by a longer menstrual cycle with less bleeding. The type of research was analytical observational or analytical survey with a retrospective cohort approach. This research was conducted at the Bara-Baraya Community Health Center, Makassar City, South Sulawesi The samples in this study were women who had gone through menopause, were able to speak Indonesian, were not seriously ill (such as a stroke) and were not impaired by their sense of sight and hearing (such as blindness or deafness). This research used 47 respondents taken by purposive sampling technique. The data analysis used the multiple linear regression test. The results of this study showed there was an effect of contraceptive history and nutritional status on the incidence of menopause in women. Therefore, it is hoped that there will be a program for health workers around menopause for women.

Incidence and Correlates of Preterm Birth at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital

Born before completing 37 weeks of gestation or 259 days from the first day of a woman's last menstrual period, preterm birth, as per WHO, is the leading cause of infant mortality globally. In 2013, it accounted for 1 million out of 6.3 million deaths among children under 5. While predominantly affecting developing nations, its impact extends worldwide, influencing maternal health and the survival challenges faced by premature infants. An investigation aimed to discern the prevalence of preterm birth and its associated factors at HRRH was conducted. This cross-sectional, institution-based study assessed mothers delivering newborns at HRRH from March 1st to 31st, 2021. A sample of 60 mothers was selected using simple sampling techniques. Face-to-face interviews with structured questionnaires gathered data, which was coded, organized manually, and analyzed using SPSS for descriptive parameters. The study revealed a 33% prevalence rate of preterm birth. Risk factors identified included a history of preterm labor (P=1.00), premature rupture of membranes (P=<0.001), urinary tract infection during pregnancy (P=0.01), hypertension during pregnancy (P=0.836), history of malaria during pregnancy (P=0.003), and infant gender (P=0.144). Recognizing pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery and enhancing healthcare quality, community health education, and awareness campaigns are crucial steps to mitigate the incidence and consequences of preterm birth. Moreover, further research with larger sample sizes is warranted to explore additional associations leading to preterm birth. Keywords: prevalence, risk factors, preterm birth

Pengaruh Aktivitas Fisik Selama Kehamilan dan Luaran Kehamilan: Literatur Review

Pregnancy is a natural physiological process. The average length of human gestation is 280 days, or 40 weeks, from the first day of the woman's last menstrual period. Physiological changes occur during pregnancy. Changes that occur in pregnant women are caused by biological, social and psychological pressures. Physical changes that occur in pregnant women can cause discomfort in the third trimester, such as constipation and insomnia. The purpose of this literature review is to determine the effect of physical activity on the course and outcome of pregnancy. The literature used is literature published within the last 5 years (2018 to 2022), is primary research and research is located in Indonesia. The keywords used in this literature search were physical activity, pregnant women and pregnancy. Search for articles using search engines in the Garuda Portal. The results of this literature review are moderate-intensity physical activity that is carried out regularly and directed can reduce the discomfort of pregnant women in the third trimester and minimize unnecessary interventions during labor.

Возраст менархе у девушек Беларуси в XXI веке

Introduction. The age at menarche is the time of onset of a woman's reproductive period, the most commonly used indicator of puberty, both to assess secular trend and to identify the impact of certain factors on growth and development. The aim of the study was to trace the dynamics of the age at menarche in Belarusian girls surveyed in the 21st century, to assess the effect of certain factors (categories of Body mass index and parents’ education) on this variable. Material and methods. The data obtained in the period from 2002 to 2021 for 871 female students aged 16–25, born in 1980–2004, were used. The mean age at menarche was determined by a retrospective method. The method of R. Martin for distribution of girls according to the terms of menarche was used. Body height and weight was measured, Body mass index was calculated. Descriptive statistics data, Linear regression analysis and One Way ANOVA were used. Results. Time variability (from the end of the 20th century to the present) of the mean values of age at menarche was characterized by a shift towards its decrease in female students born in the first half of the 2000s, compared with girls born in the 1980s. Such dynamics, together with the increase in cases of early menarche, indicates a continuation of the trend, noted from the second half of the 19th and throughout the 20th centuries, to a decrease in the age of puberty in Belarusian girls. In the distribution of menarche terms of girls born in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, those who marked it at 12–14 years prevailed. The proportion of girls with early menarche (up to 11 years) significantly increased during the considered period of time, with late menarche (15 years and older) – decreased. The age at menarche was associated with categories of Body mass index in youthful age: earlier menarche was noted in overweight girls (along with obesity). Father’s and mother’s education were not significant factors for the puberty of female students. Perhaps this is due to the peculiarities of the sample formation (student group), similar socio-economic conditions for the growth and development of girls. Conclusion. In Belarus in the 21st century, the trend towards a decrease in the timing of girls’ puberty has been preserved, which may be due to a complex of factors, including environmental ones.

Chemical Constituents, Medicinal, and Pharmacological Applications, and Toxicology of Fructus Zizyphi

Fructus Zizyphi refers to the fruits of Zizyphus jujuba plant, and this plant is geographically distributed in East Asia and South Europe. This plant belongs to the family Rhamnaceae, and this plant is a shrub of 10 m in height. This review aimed to focus on chemical constituents, medicinal and pharmacological applications, and the toxicology of Fructus Zizyphi. The major chemical constituents of Fructus Zizyphi are triterpenes and triterpene saponins. Fructus Zizyphi treats insomnia, increases body weight, strengthens body muscle, decreases body temperature, increases urine volume, accelerates women's period, calms and reinforces agents, chases phlegm, treats vision, skin inflammation, hepatitis, respiratory diseases, diabetes, gastric ulcer, and different skin wounds. The pharmacology of Fructus Zizyphi includes experimental pharmacology and clinical pharmacology. Experimental pharmacology includes antiallergenic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypercholesterolemic, central nervous system depressant, immune stimulation, and platelet aggregation activities. Fructus Zizyphi ethanol extracts to mice in drinking water daily for 3 months without any effect on animal death, hematology, organ weight, or sperm secretion. Fructus Zizyphi was not mutagenic. Fructus Zizyphi declined gastric adenocarcinoma progress. Fructus Zizyphi without general precautions, drug connections; drug and laboratory test relations; teratogenic or non-teratogenic effects in pregnancy; nursing mothers; or pediatric use. In conclusion, Fructus Zizyphi had antiallergenic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypercholesterolemic, central nervous system depressant, immune stimulation, platelet aggregation activities, and without any effect on animals death, hematology, organ weight or sperm secretion.

Prospective Cohort Study of Depression During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in Women With Epilepsy vs Control Groups.

Assess the incidence and factors associated with major depressive episodes (MDEs) and symptoms of depression and anxiety during pregnancy and postpartum periods in pregnant women with epilepsy (PWWE) compared with healthy pregnant women (HPW) and nonpregnant women with epilepsy (NPWWE) in comparable timeframes. Previous studies have reported higher rates of postpartum depression in women with epilepsy compared with women without epilepsy. However, the incidence of MDE using a structured interview during pregnancy and postpartum has not been directly compared with control groups, and the comparison of depression and anxiety symptoms and the role of associated factors remain ambiguous. The Maternal Outcomes and Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs study is a multicenter NIH-funded prospective observational parallel group cohort study of PWWE and their children. This report examines mood disorders. Unlike previous epilepsy pregnancy studies, the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (SCID) provided lifetime diagnoses, and repeated SCID mood modules assessed for MDE, the a priori primary outcome. Symptoms of depression (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI] and Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS]) and anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI]) were also assessed along with multiple clinical factors. This study included PWWE (n = 331) and HPW (n = 102) during pregnancy and postpartum and NPWWE (n = 102) at comparable times. No difference in SCID-diagnosed MDE incidence was found across groups, but BDI depressive symptoms were worse during pregnancy in PWWE vs NPWWE and during postpartum vs HPW and NPWWE. BAI anxiety symptoms were worse during pregnancy in PWWE vs HPW and NPWWE and during postpartum vs HPW. Factors associated with MDE during pregnancy/postpartum for PWWE included >1 seizure/90 days, anticonvulsant polytherapy, unplanned pregnancy, and lifetime history of mood disorder. Suicidal ideation from BDI or EPDS was related to BAI anxiety symptoms. Although SCID-based MDE did not differ across groups, this prospective study confirms higher rates of psychiatric symptoms in patients with epilepsy during pregnancy and postpartum, provides new data on associated factors, and underscores the importance of anxiety in risk for depression and thoughts of death/dying or suicide. Given the risks, PWWE should be routinely assessed and symptomatic patients should be offered treatment. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01730170.

Transient Changes to the Menstrual Period in Women from Argentina Following Covid-19 Vaccination

Transient Changes to the Menstrual Period in Women from Argentina Following Covid-19 Vaccination

Use of Tenofovir Diphosphate Levels to Predict Viremia During the Postpartum Period in Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): A Nested Case-Control Study.

There are few data on the utility of tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBSs) to predict future viral load (VL) in postpartum women with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART). We conducted a nested case-control study within a trial of postpartum ART delivery strategies. Participants started ART containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in pregnancy, were <10 weeks postpartum, and had a VL <400 copies/mL. VL and TFV-DP samples were taken every 3-6 months over 24 months. Cases had ≥1 VL ≥20 copies/mL; controls were randomly sampled from women with persistent viral suppression (VS; VL <20 copies/mL). Generalized estimating equations were used to calculate likelihood odds ratios (LORs) for future VL ≥20 copies/mL by TFV-DP concentration at the preceding visit. 61 cases and 20 controls contributed 365 DBS-VL pairs (median ART duration, 16 months). Sensitivity and specificity of TFV-DP <700fmol/punch to detect future viremia were 62.9% (95% CI, 54.7-70.6%) and 89.7% (84.9-93.4%), respectively. Adjusting for age, ART duration, previous VL, and duration between the TFV-DP and VL measures, LORs of viremia for TFV-DP concentrations 350-699 and <350fmol/punch versus TFV-DP ≥1850fmol/punch were 3.5 (95% CI, 1.1-10.8; P = .033) and 12.9 (3.6-46.6; P < .0001), respectively. Including only samples taken during VS, the LOR of future viremia for TFV-DP concentration <350fmol/punch versus TFV-DP ≥1850fmol/punch was 9.5 (1.9-47.0). TFV-DP concentrations in DBSs were strongly associated with future viremia and appear useful to identify nonadherence and predict future elevated VL.

A critical Review of Dhoopan Karma in Ayurveda and Dhoopana of an Ayurvedic Herbomineral formulation Yavasarshapadi churna in context of Sterilization.

Dhoopana Karma is classical remedy mentioned in various Ayurvedic scriptures to maintain disease free and hygienic environment in the world. As per Ayurvedic scriptures Dhoopana is indicated for Rakshoghna Karma which means killing of disease producing microorganisms. Hence, it plays key role in prevention and cure of various infectious diseases.A similar process called fumigation is one of best and fastest method to maintain asepsis, antisepsis in wards and operation theatres of hospitals.Additionally, this study comprises critical literary review of herbomineral formulation named Yavasarshapadi Choorna which is indicated in form of incense for Dhoopana karma. It is indicated in Ayurvedic scripture Charaka Samhita in chapter Jatisutriya Sharir Adhyaya of Sharir Sthana. It was reviewed in context of sterilization activity to maintain asepsis and antisepsis. Specifically, it is indicated for fumigation of cloths and belongings of post-natal period of Women and that of the New born, Drug preparation room, New born care room, Surgical Procedure room modern surgery, traditional operation theatre sterilization was done by formalin gas fumigation over many decades which is found to have carcinogenic effect over human lives. Ayurvedic modality named Dhoopana was undertaken in current study as it is a safe and healthy alternative for sterilization.It overcomes harmful effects caused by modern sterilization method i.e. Formalin gas fumigation which is need of an hour. The Analytical study of antimicrobial and antifungal effect of various Ayurvedic Dhoopana Dravyas is the need of the hour along with preclinical and clinical study to verify Sterilization activity of various Ayurvedic Dhoopana Dravyas.