Validation Period Research Articles

Legal Protection of Creditors in Credit Agreements with Warranties of Power of Attorney Impose Collateral Rights That Have not Been Registered Based on PMA/KBPN NUMBER 22 of 2017 at Pt. BPR Harta Mandiri Pekanbaru

Encounter rapidly growing, competitive, and integrated national economic development with increasingly complex challenges and an increasingly advanced financial system that requires policy adjustments in the economic field, including banking. Economic recovery is inseparable from the banking business's hazardous credit distribution. Therefore, collateral is significant in the issuance of credit. In practice, the Bank as a creditor provides credit facilities to the debtor. SKMHT was made to become a basis for making a Deed of Mortgage Rights (APHT). However, SKMHT has a term. Thus, both the creditor and the notary / PPAT must pay serious attention to the validity period because the expired SKMHT affects the APHT cannot be registered, so the Bank cannot execute the debtor's default guarantee object. The problems in this study are the factors that affect creditors in credit agreements with SKMHT guarantees that cannot register their rights and how to protect creditor law in credit agreements with SKMHT guarantee based on PMA / KBP Number 22 of 2017. The research method used is juridical-empirical and descriptive analysis, then analyzed qualitatively. Banks in credit binding only limited SKMHT as a bridge to make APHT. When SKMHT cannot be increased to APHT, the Bank cannot execute the guarantee object in the credit agreement. The factors that influence SKMHT cannot be upgraded to APHT because the Bank gives credit on specific credit based on the PMA / KBPN Number 22 of 2017, the process of registration of the mortgage is too long, negligent Notary / PPAT considering the expiry of SKMHT period so that the legal protection that can be done is by filing a civil suit at the local District Court with evidence of the binding of credit agreement between the Bank and the debtor. So that the object of the collateral can be executed.

Comparative assessment of different scenarios for upgrading activated sludge wastewater treatment plants in developing countries

Improvement of current wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to accommodate the growing influent flow rate and cope with the increasingly stringent regulations is hindered by the allowed space and the difficulty of changing the design parameters. Mathematical modeling is a useful tool for assessing the performance of WWTPs in light of broadening objectives. We herein explore the utilization of mathematical modeling to improve effluent quality in conventional activated sludge systems. BioWin was used to model Mansoura WWTP, one of the largest WWTPs in Egypt. Lab records, design reports, and additional analyses were conducted through site visits and a comprehensive sampling campaign. The wastewater was characterized, and the plant-wide model was calibrated following the protocol of the Dutch Foundation for Applied Water Research STOWA. Important kinetic and stoichiometric parameters were identified and adjusted during the calibration process. The model validity was assessed using different validation periods considering average relative deviation (ARD) values below 20 % as acceptable. The optimized nitrification and denitrification processes involved 16 scenarios with different operational conditions. By changing some zones in the aeration basin from aerobic to anoxic and increasing the return activated sludge, the average ammonia and nitrate concentrations were significantly reduced from 23.06 and 0.5 mg/L to 4.64 and 0.07 mg/L respectively. Furthermore, phosphorus removal optimization was carried out through biological and chemical processes. Chemical phosphorus removal was 85.76 % by using a coagulant dosage of 25 mg/L, resulting in an effluent concentration of 1.04 mg P/L. Biological phosphorus removal was increased to 85.43 % by modifying the volume of anaerobic and aerobic zones with lower power consumption. Overall, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of mathematical modeling in enhancing effluent quality and reducing energy consumption to meet stringent wastewater treatment regulations.

Modeling the impact of climate change on streamflow in glacier/snow-fed northern Tianshan basin

Study regionUrumqi River headwater region in eastern Tianshan, central Asia. Study focusClimate change is anticipated to accelerate glacier shrinkage and alter hydrological conditions, causing variations in the runoff patterns in the catchment and significantly threatening the regional water resources. However, few models exhibit adequate performance to simulate both surface alterations and glacier/snow runoff. Therefore, this study combined the glacier module with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to estimate the effect of climate change on the streamflow in the Urumqi River headwater region. The Urumqi River Headwater region is representative because of its long data series, viatal location, and local water availability, and it contains the longest-observed reference glacier (Urumqi Glacier No.1) in China, which spans the period from 1958 to the present. New hydrological insights for the regionThe SWAT model performed satisfactorily for both calibration (1983–2005) and validation (2006–2016) periods with a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) greater than 0.80. The water balance analysis suggested that the snow/glacier melt contributed approximately 25% to the water yield. At the end of the 21st century, the temperature would increase by 2.4–3.8 °C while the precipitation would decrease by 1–2% under two future scenarios (ssp245 and ssp585). Thus, a 34–36% reduction in streamflow was projected due to above climate change impacts. This information would contribute to the development of adaptation strategies for sustainable water resource management.

Analysis of Chinese National Standards on Packaging and the Environment (CNSPE) Based on Standard Literature Bibliometrics

This paper aims to understand the status of the Chinese National Standards on Packaging and the Environment (CNSPE), analyze the existing problems, and discover their possible solutions. Based on the standard bibliometric literature, the metadata information from the CNSPE have been collected and analyzed. The results indicated that the number of CNSPE released showed a wave-like growth with two peaks during 2006–2010 and 2016–2020 driven by both external and internal factors. The basic standard was the main standard sort. The average valid period of a CNSPE was 5.90 years, while the update rate was 23.33%. Public institutions lead the drafting committee of the CNSPE. The percentage of adopting the international or foreign standards was 28.86%, and the average conversion time was 7.61 years. There were four problems deduced from the results, including the unbalanced supply of different sorts of CNSPE, long valid period of standards with low update rates, low engagement of the enterprises, and loose links between national standards and international standards. The corresponding solutions are (1) strengthening market research and combining with policy development to optimize the supply of different sorts of CNSPE; (2) improving the process management ability of standardization organizations to enhance the supervision and feedback of standards development and implementation; (3) providing trainings and broadening dissemination while fulfilling the reward mechanism; and (4) enhancing the compatibility between the national standards system and the international standards system to promote the standard internationalization level.

Overview of Human Rights for Indonesian Migrant Worker Children to Receive An Education at The Hulu Langat Malaysia Guidance Studio

Human rights are fundamentally crucial to every individual, especially the right to education, which has been stipulated in the Indonesian constitution, not only Indonesia but international agreements have also stipulated that human rights apply to every individual by the implementation of this research. This aims to obtain information related to what causes the children of migrant laborers from Indonesia to have undocumented status and what problems are faced in obtaining Children of undocumented Indonesian migrant workers access to schooling, then what efforts and solutions can be made in obtaining education in Malaysia. Children of Indonesian migrant laborers who are undocumented. The researchers use qualitative methods and a systematic approach. Using methods for gathering data, such as interviews, observations, and documentation. Several reasons result in Malaysian migrant workers from Indonesia whose children lack proper documentation, including because they entered Malaysia illegally. Without having a valid work document, the validity period expires (overstaying), and getting married in Malaysia to another foreign citizen. There were problems with the rights of Malaysian migrant workers from Indonesia to send their kids to school, so the Hulu Langat guidance studio was established to overcome the problems, helping the kids of illegal Indonesian migrant laborers to help them get an education in Malaysia. With these causes resulting in their children having document status and with the establishment of the Hulu Langat guidance studio as a means of resolving the issues that Indonesian migrant workers' kids face, this has made a positive contribution to fulfilling the educational rights of the workers' children. Migrants from Indonesia in Malaysia, particularly young children, without proper documentation.

Modeling land use change prediction using multi-model fusion techniques: A case study in the Pearl River Delta, China

Cellular automata (CA) model has powerful spatial analysis capabilities and easy coupling with other models. However, the coupling based on single model and CA model is difficult to take into account both the accuracy of the model and the interpretation of the driving factors. Moreover, the "bottom-up" feature of the model makes it difficult to take into account the macro regulation. Based on this, we proposed a multi-model coupled multi-agent system (MAS), convolutional neural network (CNN) and cellular automata (CA) model for land use change simulation. Using the Pearl River Delta (PRD) as the study area, the simulation study was conducted from 2000 to 2010 as the test period and from 2010 to 2020 as the validation period, respectively. The results of the study are as follows: (1) Compared with the CNNCA model, the MAS-CNNCA model has improved accuracy validation in both the test period and the validation period, which indicates that the strong classifier composed of multiple agents as weak classifiers is more accurate in identifying the suitability of land use change. (2) The dual perspective consisting of macro-agent and micro-agent together is more profound for land use change mechanism exploration. (3) The coupling of simulation results and the geographic detector model can reveal the interactive relationship between drivers and land use change.

Evaluation of the Effects of Nano-SiO2 Microemulsion on Decompression and Augmented Injection in the Eunan Tight Reservoir

The residual oil saturation of the matrix near the well zone of a tight reservoir is high due to the tight reservoir’s complex conditions, such as the small pore throat radius and low permeability of the matrix and the development of microfractures, which can result in serious water channeling, even after long-term water injection development. The aim of this paper is to improve the effects of depressurization and augmented injection for tight reservoir waterflooding development by reducing the tight matrix’s residual oil saturation, increasing and maintaining its water phase permeability near the well zone using a nano-SiO2 microemulsion system with a small particle size and high interfacial activity. Therefore, four nano-microemulsion systems were evaluated and screened for their temperature resistance, salt resistance, interfacial tension, solubilization, and dilution resistance. A microemulsion system of 13% A + 4% B + 4% C + 4% n-butanol + 6% oil phase + 69% NaCl solution (10%) + 1% OP-5 + 0.5% anti-temperature agent + 0.3% nanosilica material was preferred. According to the core displacement experiment, the depressurization rate can reach 28~60% when the injection concentration of the system is 1~10% and the injection volume is 2~5 PV. The results of the on-site test show that the water injection pressure dropped to 17.5 MPa, which was lower than the reservoir fracture re-opening pressure. The pressure reduction rate was approximately 20%. The validity period of the depressurization and augmented injection has reached 23 months to date.

Use of Fertilizers and Pesticides in Vegetable Growing and their Impact on the Ecosystem in the Comoé River Watershed, Burkina Faso

Background an Aims: The use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers has been practised for centuries to control pests and increase agricultural productivity. However, mismanagement of these products can entail health and environmental risks. This study was initiated to assess the impact of these practices on the CRW ecosystem. The aim of this study is to characterize pesticide and fertilizer use practices in vegetable growing in the Comoé river watershed (CRW).
 Study Design: This study was carried out on a sample of market gardeners chosen randomly. Data collection was done transversally.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Western Burkina Faso during the dry period of 2020. It concerned market gardeners who carry out their activity in the Comoé Basin.
 Methodology: To this end, a survey was carried out among a representative sample of 204 vegetable growers. The survey sheet was used to collect information on the level of education, speculations, origins of fertilizers and pesticides, and the management of fertilizers and pesticides in the CRW.
 Results: The study revealed that local vegetable growers use both organic and chemical fertilizers. They obtain their supplies from the local market. In fact, 91% of the vegetable growers interviewed use both types of fertilizer. Growers are unaware of the validity period of the products they use. In addition, 48% of growers say they do not know or do not pay attention to the expiry date of products. Furthermore, 82% of growers do not master fertilizer application doses. Current pesticide and fertilizer use practices are risky, and the dangers incurred are pollution, particularly water pollution, and its consequences on human and environmental health (soil, vegetation, etc.). It would therefore be wise to encourage and promote biological pest control in order to preserve human and animal health and the environment.

Improving litter nutrients import/export modeling in a forested watershed through enhanced forest growth representation

Nutrient release from litter significantly contributes to the global nutrient cycle and the nutritional status of river systems. Simulating the diffuse nutrients from litterfall at the watershed scale is extremely uncertain, owing partly to a lack of measurements covering a variety of features and underlying terrain and insufficient modeling methods. We quantified annual litter production (ALP) simulation at the basin and sub-basin scales by improving the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for forest nutrient cycling, including the forest growth module, tree biomass accumulation, and parametrization scheme. The modified model was comprehensively constrained and calibrated for tree biomass, ALP, monthly dynamics of nutrient mineralization, monthly stream flow, sediment yield, nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and total phosphorus (TP) in the Tumen River Basin (TRB). Results showed that the modified SWAT increases the ALP simulation from 132.13 ± 21.73 g/m2 to 351.88 ± 18.28 g/m2 and the relative error of spatial ALP decreased from −50.65 %∼66.59 % to −11.18 %∼27.62 %. The accuracy of nitrate improved notably (coefficient of determination (R2) increased by 0.2–0.25, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) increased by 0.09–0.19), and that of runoff simulation improved modestly (R2 increased by 0.05 and NSE increased by 0.08 for validation period). A comparison with the original simulation of nutrient dynamics also indicated that the modified SWAT model could reasonably identify the dynamics and interactions between litter nutrients and climate factors. Increased mineralization caused by warming and snow melting in spring is the main factor contributing to nitrate accumulation and soluble phosphorus (soluble P) loss in the soil. Improved forest nutrient cycles are expected to help enhance future applications of SWAT for investigating the biogeochemical consequences of climate change.

Assessing hydrological and water quality parameters in the Hathmati Watershed using the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool)

Abstract The study is conducted on the Hathmati River, which is the principal tributary of the Sabarmati River, one of Gujarat's biggest rivers. Indicators of water quality such organic N, organic P, NO3, NH4, NO2, total N, and total P were compared between the observed values in the watershed and the streamflow models. For monthly streamflow and monthly nitrate during the calibration period of 1999–2012, and for 0.87 and 0.56 for the validation period of 2013–2020, respectively, the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency was 0.89 and 0.79. The measured water quality data at three locations in the watershed were largely compatible with their corresponding modeled values, while the agreement varied by nutrients. Using the parameters used to forecast the hydrological and water quality responses in the watershed region, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model faithfully duplicated the hydrological and water quality conditions in this agricultural watershed. The results of the modeling indicated that nutrients are one of the key determinants with regard to the quality of the water, in accordance with the current land use and management practices in the watershed. Management practices should be implemented in order to reduce the nutrient load and meet the watershed's requisite water quality standards.

Modelling of Animal Activity, Illuminance, and Noise on a Weaned Piglet Farm.

Measuring animal activity and its evolution in real time is useful for animal welfare assessment. In addition, illuminance and noise level are two factors that can improve our understanding of animal activity. This study aims to establish relationships between animal activity as measured by passive infrared sensors, and both illuminance and noise level on a conventional weaned piglet farm. First, regression models were applied, and then cosine models with three harmonics were developed using least squares with a Generalized Reduced Gradient Nonlinear method. Finally, all the models were validated. Linear models showed positive correlations, with values between 0.40 and 0.56. Cosine models drew clear patterns of daily animal activity, illuminance and noise level with two peaks, one in the morning and one in the afternoon, coinciding with human activity inside the building, with a preference for inactivity at night-time and around midday. Cosine model fitting revealed strong correlations, both in the measurement and validation periods, for animal activity (R = 0.97 and 0.92), illuminance (R = 0.95 and 0.91) and noise level (R = 0.99 and 0.92). The developed models could be easily implemented in animal welfare monitoring systems and could provide useful information about animal activity through continuous monitoring of illuminance or noise levels.

Equity incentives and ESG performance: Evidence from China

Using Chinese A-share listed firms from 2006 to 2021, we investigate the impact of executive equity incentive plans (EEIPs) on corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. We find that EEIPs positively affect ESG performance. We also find that options have a stronger incentive effect on ESG performance than restricted stock, and longer valid period and higher vesting targets can enhance the incentive effect of EEIPs on ESG performance. Moreover, the positive impact of EEIPs on ESG performance is stronger for non-SOEs and firms with better external governance.

Reward sensitivity and social rhythms during goal-striving: An ecological momentary assessment investigation of bipolar spectrum disorders

BackgroundThe reward/circadian rhythm model of bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) posits that when individuals with hypersensitive reward systems encounter reward-relevant events, they experience social and circadian rhythm disruption, leading to mood symptoms. The aim of the current study is to test an element of this theoretical model by investigating changes in social rhythms during and after an ecologically-valid reward-relevant event and evaluating whether the strength of these associations differ by trait reward sensitivity and BSD diagnostic group. MethodsYoung adults from three groups (low BSD risk with moderate reward sensitivity [MRew], high BSD risk with high reward sensitivity [HRew], and high reward sensitivity with BSD [HRew+BSD]) completed a reward responsiveness task and 20-day ecological momentary assessment study structured around a participant-specific goal occurring on day 15. Social rhythm disruption (SRD) and social rhythm regularity (SRR) were assessed daily. Multilevel models examined whether reward sensitivity and group moderated associations between study phase (baseline [days 1–5], goal-striving [days 16–20], or outcome [days 16–20]) and social rhythms. ResultsParticipants experienced greater SRD after the goal-striving event during the outcome phase, compared to the baseline phase. The HRew+BSD group had significant decreases in SRR during the outcome phase, and this pattern differed significantly from the low-risk and high-risk groups. Greater task reward responsiveness also was associated with significant decreases in SRR during the outcome phase. LimitationsThis study did not test whether social rhythm irregularity was associated with subsequent mood change. ConclusionsParticipants exhibited social rhythm changes over the course of this ecologically valid goal-striving period, providing evidence for the interplay between reward-activating events and social rhythms. The HRew+BSD group showed a distinct pattern in which their social rhythms were more irregular after completing reward-relevant goal-striving that was not observed for the low-BSD risk or high-BSD risk groups. These findings provide additional support for Interpersonal and Social Rhythms Therapy.

A Multi-Factor Combination Model for Medium to Long-Term Runoff Prediction Based on Improved BP Neural Network

Taking a certain coastal area of Jiangsu province as the research background, this study scientifically predicts the runoff on the medium and long-term time scale according to the changes of various climate factors such as atmospheric circulation, sea surface temperature, and solar activity in the first half of the year. A lag correlation is established between various related climate factors and the monthly runoff process in the research area for the previous 1–6 months. Selecting advantageous factors and constructing a significant factor set. Using the improved BP (Back-Propagation) artificial neural network model and combining it with the sensitivity analysis method, a specific number of 8-factor combinations are selected from the set of significant factors for medium and long-term runoff prediction. After that, the prediction results are compared with the forecasting effects of two multi-factor combination runoff simulation schemes formed by stepwise regression and Spearman rank correlation methods. The study concluded that the multi-factor combination simulation effect formed through sensitivity analysis was the best. The 20% standard forecast qualification rate of the three schemes is not significantly different. The Mean Absolute Relative Error of the multi-factor combination training and validation periods simulated through sensitivity analysis is the smallest among the three schemes, which are 36.61% and 38.01%, respectively. The Nash Efficiency Coefficient in the validation period is 0.45, which is far better than other schemes and has better generalization ability. The Standard Deviation of Relative Error in the training and validation periods is much smaller than other schemes, and the dispersion of relative errors is the smallest.

Case Study Of Layoffs Of Pt Masterindo Jaya Abadi Vs 1142 Employees

This research was conducted to increase the knowledge of university officials, the academic community, and readers by providing information about settlement procedures in the event of a dispute in industrial relations. The research method used in this study is juridical normative based on secondary data in the form of applicable laws and regulations and jurisprudence. Industrial relations is a system of relations formed between actors in the production process of goods and/or services consisting of elements of entrepreneurs, workers/laborers, and the government based on the value of Pancasila and the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945. The position of workers/workers is lower than employers or employers, in this case it is necessary to intervene from the government to provide legal protection. Legal protection is intended with the aim that in employment relations there can be guaranteed justice and protection of human rights (workers), both of which are the objectives of legal protection itself. A fixed-time work agreement is an employment agreement made that is binding on contract employees and freelancers and an indefinite-time work agreement is an employment agreement made that is binding on employees that is binding on permanent employees who do not have a validity period. This research contributes in order to increasing awareness from university officials, the academic community, and readers regarding procedures for resolving a dispute in industrial relations and provide advice on the positive impact of making an employment agreement.

Impact of land-use change on karst spring response by integration of surface processes in karst hydrology: The ISPEEKH model

Karst groundwater represents a source of freshwater for a quarter of the world's population. Modeling the hydrological behavior of karst aquifers while accounting for the spatial variability of the recharge processes and the land-use change impacts on water availability remains a challenge for karst water resources management. Therefore, this study proposes a new semi-distributed hydrological model named Integration of Surface ProcEssEs in Karst Hydrology (ISPEEKH) for simulating the surface-underground water flows in karst-dominated catchments. ISPEEKH couples the restructured version of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT+) with a non-linear three-reservoir groundwater model that represents the epikarst and matrix-conduit flow components in a karst aquifer. ISPEEKH was applied to the Baget karst catchment (13.25 km2) in the Pyrénées mountains of southwest France, characterized by a conduit-dominated spring flow and low surface runoff. The model simulated the catchment daily discharge satisfactorily, with NSE = 0.67 and R2 = 0.68 for the 2008–2013 calibration period, and NSE = 0.65 and R2 = 0.69 for the 2014–2018 validation period. The catchment evapotranspiration and discharge amounted to 33 % and 67 % of the average annual precipitation, respectively, and nearly 80 % of the discharge was attributed to spring flow. The matrix-to-conduit flow accounted for 4–7 % of the monthly spring flow during the high-flow period (December to June), and up to 22 % during the low-flow period (July to October). ISPEEKH was then used to assess the hydrological response of the Baget catchment to land-use change scenarios of afforestation and deforestation for wood production and pasture development. Afforestation of the full catchment area did not alter the catchment hydrology significantly. Deforestation for wood production reduced annual evapotranspiration by 12–18 % and increased annual recharge by 7–8 %, resulting in annual discharge rising by 6–9 %. These changes in the water balance components were most noticeable during the low-flow season and would augment freshwater availability. Conversely, deforestation for pasture development raised annual evapotranspiration by 13–17 % while reducing annual recharge by around 7 % and discharge by 5–7 %. These changes in the hydrological components were most remarkable during the high-flow season and affected discharge below 2.5 m3.s−1.

Effects of vegetation distribution and landscape pattern on water conservation in the Dongjiang River basin

Water conservation is important for maintaining a well-functioning ecosystem. Using the Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, we simulated the hydrological cycle and evaluated the spatial and temporal variability of water conservation in the Dongjiang River. Spatial autocorrelation analysis and geographically weighted regression (GWR) were used to investigate the effects of landscape patterns and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) on water conservation. Four hydrological stations with regular rate, validation period deterministic coefficient R2, and efficiency coefficient ENS (Nash–Sutcliffe) met the adaptation requirements, and the model accurately simulated the hydrological process of the Dongjiang River. The interannual variation of water conservation showed a non-significant upward trend (0.12 mm/10a), and the spatial distribution is given as follows: midstream > downstream > upstream. Regression coefficients of NDVI of high, medium, and low-density forest land in the sub-basin with water conservation decreased from the upper to lower reaches. The negative correlation of LPI, CONTAG, and IJI was concentrated in the upper reaches and southeast of the basin, and that of SHDI was concentrated in the middle and lower reaches; the regression coefficients of LPI and PLAND of forest land decreased from middle reaches to north and south, and ED decreased from southwest to northeast. The positive correlation of grassland was concentrated in the watershed’s upper reaches; the regression coefficient of construction land showed an increasingly negative correlation from the lower to upper reaches. This study provides scientific support for promoting the hydrological ecosystem and comprehensive utilization of water resources in the Dongjiang River basin.

Optimization of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Applications on The Crew Contract Extension System At PT. Sinarmas LDA Maritime

Technological developments are needed in today's digital era because they can help all human activities. PT. Sinarmas LDA Maritime created an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) application. The ERP application is used to simplify employees' work in inputting data and monitoring the working period of the crew and the validity period of documents. However, in using the ERP application, there are obstacles to the crew contract extension system, which still uses paper forms, so inputting data into the application takes a long time. Besides that, the ERP application is very dependent on the internet network. This study aims to determine the constraints in optimizing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) applications on the crew contract extension system with the addition of problem solvers. This research method uses a qualitative description approach by conducting observations, interviews, literature studies, and documentation directed at competent and directly involved informants and using SWOT analysis techniques to determine strategic factors for optimizing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) applications by linking research data results. Based on the research that has been done, it was found that optimizing the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) application in the crew contract extension system is filling in crew data that still uses paper forms and is dependent on the internet network. Using a paper form is changed to using a G-form so that the input of crew data for extended counters is more effective and efficient. As well as the need for outreach to the ship's crew in order to know the stages of filling in the data. The results of the SWOT analysis show that the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) application is in a progressive strategy position, meaning that obstacles in optimizing ERP applications can be overcome because the company is able to take advantage of its strengths and opportunities.

Development and Application of Polymer Plugging Remover for Polymer Injection Well in Changqing Oilfield

Water injection is a conventional method to maintain reservoirs pressure and improve production in low permeability oilfield. To decrease high water-cut and further enhance oil recovery, Polymers, such as polymer microsphere, preformed polymer gel, cross-linked polyacrylamide, are extensively used to control injection profile in Changqing oilfield. However, due to the low permeability and narrow pore throats of tight reservoirs, pressure in some water flooding wells increases rapidly after the polymer was injected, negatively affecting the energy supplement of the well cluster. A polymer plugging remover, composed of oxidizer, acid and chelating agent to relieve blockage, was developed with viscosity reduction and structure decomposition. The release period is more than 48 hours, which is conducive to deep-seated plugging removal. After treatment, the average diameter of polymer residue is 39-254nm and the dissolution rate is 15.76-53.42%. The permeability of the core sample plugged with polymer has increased significantly before and after treatment by polymer plugging remover, especially, it recovered by 28.67% for microsphere polymer. Five field tests have been completed successfully in the Jiyuan oilfield of Changqing. Before treatment, conventional acidification was performed in the pilot wells for two times at least, which is proved invalid. However, after polymer degraded by the plugging remover, the injection rate increased by 16.2m3/d, the pressure dropped by 3.4MPa and the validity period has exceeded 130 days on average. The polymer plugging remover provides an alternative way to increase injectability when dealing with high pressure and under-injection wells caused by polymer flooding.

Attribution assessment of hydrological trends and extremes to climate change for Northern high latitude catchments in Norway

The northern high latitudes have experienced the strongest warming in the world and substantial changes in streamflow and hydrological extremes. However, there have been limited attribution studies of changes in streamflow and hydrological extremes in this region. This study provides the first trend detection and attribution assessment on 33 hydrological variables for 50 Norwegian catchments in the period 1961–2019, using observed and simulated runoff data from four hydrological models driven by factual (observed) and counterfactual forcing data. Significant increasing trends are detected in observed annual, spring and winter runoff in most catchments and significant trends towards earlier spring floods are found in 40% of catchments. The four hydrological models show similarly good performance in terms of daily discharge in both calibration and validation periods, and they can reproduce 62% of the observed significant trends considering both trend direction and significance. The counterfactual forcing data were generated by the ATTRICI model, which removed all warming trends and most significant trends in precipitation in the factual time series. Ninety-four percent of the simulated significant trends driven by the factual forcing data are insignificant under counterfactual conditions, with trend slopes approaching zero. Thus, based on the model performance in trend reproduction and the difference of significant trends under factual and counterfactual conditions, we conclude that about 58% of the observed significant trends in Norwegian catchments can be attributed mainly to climate change. The comparisons of the historical extreme events under factual and counterfactual conditions show that more than 65% of floods and droughts in the 2010s could have been magnified by climate change.