Interphase Period Research Articles

РАЗРАБОТКА ОПТИМАЛЬНОЙ СХЕМЫ СЫРЬЕВОГО КОНВЕЙЕРА ДЛЯ ЗАСУШЛИВЫХ УСЛОВИЙ АСТРАХАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The purpose of research is to scientifically substantiate the optimal layout of the raw material conveyor in the Astrakhan Region. Objectives: development of a raw material conveyor scheme, study of the duration of interphase periods of joint crops of grain and leguminous crops, assessment of the yield of raw material conveyor crops. Research was carried out in the Kamyzyaksky District of the Astrakhan Region in 2020–2022. The raw material conveyor scheme included three groups of crops, differing in terms of harvesting. Research results have shown that when harvesting winter grain crops in the first ten days of May, you can get up to 25.5 t/ha of green mass. When sowing alfalfa in the second ten days of September, the first cutting can be done in the third ten days of May with a yield of 27.2 t/ha of green mass. Millet is usually ready for cutting in the second ten days of June; the yield of green mass on average over 3 years was 9.5 t/ha. From crops of Sudanese grass, an early harvest was obtained from 1 cutting – 19.0 t/ha of green mass in the third ten days of July. Soybean reached mowing ripeness by the end of the third decade of July, the average yield for three years was 23.1 t/ha. Joint crops of corn and soybeans were harvested in the waxy ripeness phase in the 1st ten days of August, the yield of green mass reached 51 t/ha. The yield of joint crops of sweet sorghum and soybeans was at the level of 40.8 t/ha. When sown in the second ten days of May, the yield of safflower by the end of the first ten days of August on average over 3 years amounted to 21.1 t/ha of green mass, 4.4 t/ha of chickpea grain was obtained by the beginning of the second ten days of August. When sowing melons in the first half of May, harvesting was carried out in the second ten days of August. On average, over three years, the maximum yield was obtained from fodder pumpkin – 40.2 t/ha.

Сравнительная оценка сортов Iris xiphium L. в центральной зоне Краснодарского края

Abstract. The assortment of early-flowering perennial flower crops used in landscape compositions is currently extremely limited. Xiphium (Iris xiphium L.) will diversify the palette of floral ornaments in the early spring period due to the different color, flower shape, and texture of the perianth lobes. However, there is no information on the results of scientific research with this crop aimed at establishing the adaptation of varieties to specific edaphoclimatic conditions, which determined the purpose of the work: to conduct a comparative assessment of Xiphium varieties in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. Varieties were evaluated by the timing and duration of flowering, plant height, length of peduncle and inflorescence, foliage, and flower size. The objects of research were 4 varieties of xiphium of Dutch breeding: Harmony, Carmen, Lion King, Royal Yellow. Scientific research was carried out in accordance with the methods used in floriculture. The studied varieties of Xiphium differed in the duration of interphase periods and flowering periods, which contributed to obtaining a conveyor of flowering products from the third decade of March to the third decade of May. In terms of plant height, the varieties belonged to 2 groups: medium in height (35-55 cm) – Harmony and Lion King and tall (55-70 cm) – Royal Yellow and Carmen. In terms of the length of the peduncle, all varieties turned out to be suitable for growing on a cut or composing various flower arrangements. The largest flower was noted in the Carmen variety, with a height of 7.3 cm and a diameter of 11.2 cm. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the conditions of the central zone of the Krasnodar region are favorable for the cultivation of xiphium, and therefore this crop should be included in the assortment of perennial flowering plants of the early flowering period. All the studied varieties of xiphium are suitable for use in landscaping according to a set of indicators, for the production of cut products it is advisable to grow Royal Yellow and Carmen. Keywords: Iris xiphium L., variety, early flowering, ornamental qualities.

INFLUENCE OF OPTIMIZATION OF THE FERTILIZER SYSTEM ON THE FORMATION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN CROPS

During the two-year cycle of research (2022-2023) in the conditions of the research field of the Agronomichne scientific research farm of VNA, an analysis of the dynamics of the formation of photosynthetic productivity of soybean crops was carried out with an assessment of indicators in the variants of leaf surface area, photosynthetic potential and net photosynthetic productivity. The analysis provided for the appropriate accounting of the above-mentioned indicators in the section of 5 phenological phases: the third tripartite leaf, the beginning of flowering, the end of flowering, full pouring of seeds, the beginning of physiological maturity. In addition to accounting for the photosynthetic potential in dynamics, foliar top dressing of crops was carried out with Gumifield forte and Help Rost soybean with distribution in single and combined application. On the basis of the conducted research, the peculiarities of the dynamics of the formation of the leaf surface area were established, which allowed to determine the peculiarities of the formation of photosynthetic productivity as a whole. On the basis of the conducted research, it was established that the most effective technological solution among the variants of the experiment was the combined use for foliar fertilization of the preparation based on potassium humate and amino acids Gumifield 0.4 l/ha in combination with the organo-mineral fertilizer Help Rost soybean 2 l/ha. In this variant, the leaf area exceeded the control by 4.6 - 7.1 thousand m2/ha, or by 14.9 - 18.1%. In the variants of the experiment with complete mineral fertilizer N30P60K60 and N30P60K60 + Groundfix 5 l/ha, an increase in the leaf surface area was recorded compared to the control by 6.9–8.5 thousand m2/ha, which in percentage comparison was 22.3–27, respectively 6%. Based on the comparison of the formed area of the leaf surface of plants, the duration of interphase periods and the amount of accumulation of organic matter by crops in a single two-year array of data, the nature and size of the photosynthetic potential and the net productivity of photosynthesis were determined. Along with this, a positive relationship of high strength between the leaf surface area and the amount of precipitation during the growing season has been statistically proven.

INFLUENCE OF HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS, SEED TREATMENT AND EXTRA-ROOT NUTRIENTS ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT PHASES OF SOYBEAN PLANTS

The article presents a study on the development of technological techniques for growing soybeans depending on hydrothermal conditions, seed treatment and foliar fertilization for the passage of plant growth and development phases. The relevance of the work is strengthened by the tasks of applied research, which is carried out at the expense of the state budget on the topic: «Development of ecologically oriented technologies for growing bioenergy crops to ensure energy independence and soil conservation for the formation of climate neutrality». The purpose of the work is due to the need to develop and substantiate biological elements of soybean cultivation technologies. This includes the formation and provision of their sustainable production, taking into account the biological requirements of plants to the hydrothermal conditions of the region. There is also a need to modernize individual technological methods and optimize their complex action in the technological cycle of soybean cultivation. The material of the research was soybean varieties of domestic selection – Madison and Diadema Podillia. Based on the phenological observations of the growth processes and development of soybean plants, it can be concluded that both the duration of the periods between individual phases of growth and development, and the duration of the growing season as a whole, were significantly influenced by the hydrothermal conditions of the year, as well as organized factors that were put to study, namely seed inoculation and foliar fertilization. It was determined that for optimal parameters of swelling and germination, soybean seeds need 140-160% of water by weight. Soybean seedlings are severely depressed when there is a lack of moisture. Therefore, the first critical period for moisture supply in soybeans occurs in the branching phase, and the second is more intensive – in the phase of seed formation and pouring. The most favorable conditions for growth, development and optimal passage of interphase periods by soybean plants were determined when growing them in experimental variants, where seed inoculation was carried out with the preparation Bio-inoculant BTU (2 l/t) in combination with foliar fertilizing with organo-mineral fertilizer Helprost soy (2.5 l/ha).

Productivity of less common agricultural crops depending on the sowing dates in the conditions of Transbaikalia

The article presents the results of the study of the influence of sowing dates on the productivity of less common agricultural fodder crops: fodder millet, Sudan grass, spring triticale, Scarlet amaranth and fodder beans. The studies were carried out at the experimental field of the Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Eastern Siberia located in the forest-steppe zone of Transbaikalia. The soil of the site is meadow-chernozem mealy-carbonate, light loam by granulometric composition. The studied crops were sown at different dates to determine the degree of influence of the sowing dates on the duration of interphase periods of plant development, their linear growth, foliage and productivity: May 15 and 25, June 15 and 25. The obtained data indicate that by changing the sowing dates it is possible to influence the productivity of the studied crops and the quality of forages made on their basis. The best indicators on fodder productivity and nutritive value were demonstrated by the crops sown on June 15: yield of green mass – 18.9–30.5 t/ha, dry matter – 3.93–5.70 t/ha, yield of fodder units – 3.03–4.67 t/ha, digestible protein content – 306–901 kg/ha, gross energy – 38.12–57.57 GJ/ha, provision of 1 fodder unit with digestible protein – 93–193 g. Crops of fodder beans and Scarlet amaranth had an advantage, characterized by the following indicators: yield of green mass – 29.6–30.5 t/ha, dry matter yield – 5.70–5.95 t/ha, yield of fodder units – 4.20–4.67 t/ha, digestible protein content – 722–901 kg/ha, gross energy – 52.86–57.57 GJ/ha, provision of 1 fodder unit of digestible protein – 172–193 g. Agrocenoses of Poaceae crops (spring triticale, fodder millet, Sudan grass) were inferior in productivity: their green mass yield was 14.4 –18.9 t/ha, dry matter yield – 2.97–3.93 t/ha, yield of fodder units – 2.23–3.03 t/ha, digestible protein content – 207–341 kg/ha, gross energy – 28.51–38.12 GJ/ha, provision of 1 fodder unit with digestible protein – 93–121 g.

The role of moisture in the development of spring wheat

In the conditions of the North Kazakhstan region, the moisture supply of the growing season of spring soft wheat is characterized by an uneven distribution of precipitation, which affects the yield of grain crops.This process can be observed using the G.T. Selyaninov hydrothermal humidification coefficient (GTC). A scientific study during 2022-2023 was conducted in order to influence moisture availability on the grain yield of spring soft wheat in the North Kazakhstan region. The methodology consists in calculating the hydrothermal coefficient in the interphase periods of spring wheat for calendar years: 2022 and 2023. The calculation of the elements of the crop structure and grain yield was also carried out.In accordance with the moisture availability of the growing season of spring wheat, the main elements of the crop structure: productive bushiness, ear water content, pcs; weight of 1000 grains, g showed themselves stronger in 2023, respectively: 1.1; 21; 33, than in 2022.Moisture availability of the period of release into the tube - grain ripeness in 2022 took place in satisfactory conditions for spring wheat, which affected its grain yield of - 15 c/ha. In 2023, the stages of wheat organogenesis before the earing period passed favorably, despite the subsequent poorly satisfactory wet conditions before grain maturation, the harvested plants showed good productivity potential - 17c/ha, which exceeded the grain yield of 2022.The use of the hydrothermal coefficient makes it possible to apply agrotechnical techniques to increase the yield of spring wheat grain in unstable periods of moisture availability.

Photosynthetic productivity of soybean (Glycine max L.) crops under various fertilization options and pre-sowing seed treatment

The objective of the research is to determine the impact of basic fertilization options, foliar feeding with organo-mineral fertilizer during critical periods of soy plant development, pre-sowing seed treatment with mycorrhizal biofertilizer, and mycorrhizal inoculant in combination with a fungicide on the dynamics of dry matter accumulation by the plants and the net productivity of photosynthesis in the soy crop. Methods. Field (for studying the interaction of the research object with biotic and abiotic factors); morphophysiological (for biological monitoring of productivity elements development during organogenesis stages); statistical (statistical analysis of research results). Results. The article presents research findings on the accumulation of dry matter by soy plants and the net productivity of photosynthesis in the crop across different growth and development stages. Equations have been calculated to establish the relationship between soy seed yield and the indicators of dry mass accumulation by the plants during the pod-filling phase. Conclusions. In modern agricultural practices aimed at achieving maximum seed yield, cultivation technology should include agronomic measures directed towards meeting the biological needs of the plant throughout the vegetation period and reducing the influence of adverse external factors. The highest levels of dry matter accumulation by plants in the study — 26.8–29.2 g/plant, were noted during the pod filling phase in variants with the application of N15P45K60+N30 fertilization, sowing seeds treated with mycorrhizal biopreparation and fungicide, and foliar feeding with organo-mineral fertilizers during the budding and flowering phases. The maximum indicators of net photosynthetic productivity of the crop in the study (8.52–11.29 g/m2×day compared to 5.46 g/m2×day in the absolute control) were observed during the interphase period of flowering and pod filling in variants with N45P45K60 fertilization. For the optimal seed yield of soybean variety Muza observed in the study, the optimal conditions were provided by a cultivation technology involving the application of N15P45K60+N30 fertilizers, pre-sowing seed treatment with mycorrhizal inoculant in combination with fungicide, as well as foliar feeding with organo-mineral fertilizers during the branching or budding phases, when the plants are forming flowers, pods, and seeds within the pods. Through the combination of these agronomic measures, plants accumulate dry matter during the pod filling phase at 25.9–27.4 g/plant, ensuring the net photosynthetic productivity of the crop during this developmental period at 5.60–6.10 g/m2×day, compared to 20.8 g/plant and 5.46 g/m2×day observed in the absolute control, respectively.

INFLUENCE OF METHODS OF BASIC TILLAGE AND FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF AF "KOLOS" OF THE TETYUSHSKY MUNICIPAL DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

INFLUENCE OF METHODS OF BASIC TILLAGE AND FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF AF "KOLOS" OF THE TETYUSHSKY MUNICIPAL DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

Photosynthetic activity of soybean sowings under various farming technologies

To determine the influence of basic fertilization options, foliar application with an easily accessible organic-mineral fertilizer during critical growth periods, pre-sowing seed treatment with a root stimulator, and the use of a root stimulator in combination with a fungicide on the dynamic photosynthetic activity of soybeans. Methods. Field (to study the interaction of the object of study with biotic and abiotic factors); morphophysiological (for biological control on the development of elements of productivity by stages of organogenesis); statistical (statistical processing of research results). Results. The article presents the outcomes related to the leaf area formed by soybean crops during various growth and development phases, as well as their photosynthetic potential. Additionally, equations have been calculated to determine the dependency of soybean seed yield on the leaf area index indicators during the pod-filling phase. Conclusions. To achieve the maximum seed yield, the cultivation technology should include agricultural measures aimed at meeting the biological needs of the plant throughout the vegetative period and reducing the impact of adverse external factors. Optimal conditions for the growth, development, and yield formation of the ‘Muza’ soybean variety were achieved with a cultivation technology that included the application of N15P45K60+N30, pre-sowing seed treatment with a root stimulator in combination with a fungicide, and foliar feeding with organic-mineral fertilizer during the branching or budding phases, when the formation of flowers, pods, and seeds within the pods occurs. The combination of these agricultural practices resulted in a leaf area index of 9.7 and 9.8 m²/m² during the pod-filling phase and a photosynthetic potential of the crop in the interphase period between flowering and pod filling of 1.53 and 1.54 million m²/ha×day, compared to the absolute control indicators of 6.92 m²/m² and 0.93 million m²/ha×day, respectively.

Physical and mechanical properties of grain of spring barley varieties in the conditions of Tatarstan

The aim of the work is to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of grain of spring barley varieties cultivated in the conditions of the Predkamsk zone of the Republic of Tatarstan. The research was conducted in Tatarsky Research Institute of Agriculture FRC of Kazan Research Center RAS in 2015–2022. In the conditions of the Predkamsk zone, on average over the years of research, the late maturing variety Endan was characterized by reliably high values of 1000 grain weight (48.5 g), the early maturing variety Kamashevsky – reliably high values of natural grain weight (686, 3 g/l), convergence from 2.8 x 20 mm sieve (33.9 %) and coarseness (70.02 %), medium maturing variety Raushan – higher variability in 1000 grain weight (18.6 %), convergence from 2.8 and 2.5 x 20 mm sieves (55.6 and 29.7 %, respectively) and coarseness (39.5 %). The direct dependence of the mass of 1000 grains, runoff from the sieve 2.8 x 20 mm and coarseness on the sum of precipitation (r = 0.41/0.58/0.56, respectively), GTC (r = 0.40/0.58/0.55, respectively) and inverse dependence of these physical and mechanical properties on the average daily air temperature (r = -0.51/-0.62/-0.63, respectively) of the interphase period "earing-full ripeness" were established at 1% significance level. Judging by the value of the coefficient of determination (r2), the most closely related to the average daily air temperature are the signs "mass of 1000 grains", "drift from the sieve 2.8 x 20 mm" and "coarseness". The analysis of path coefficients revealed a high direct positive contribution (0.87) of 2.8 x 20 mm sieve runoff and an average direct positive contribution (0.43) of 2.5 x 20 mm sieve runoff to grain yield. Under the conditions of the Predkamsk zone, the prevailing contribution to the total variance of the traits "drift from the sieve 2.8 x 20 mm", "coarseness", "weight of 1000 grains", "bulk grain weight", "drift from the sieve 2.5 x 20 mm" was made by the factor "year", which accounted for (in descending order) 81.7...80.3...76.6...76.2. 68.7 %, respectively.

IMPACT OF NUTRITION SYSTEM ON THE DURATION OF THEGROWING SEASON OF GARDEN PEAS IN THE WESTERN FORESTSTEPPE IN UKRAINE

Aim of the study. The purpose of the research is to identify the influence of mineral fertilizers and growth regulators on the duration of inter-phase periods and the growing season of garden pea varieties (Pisum sativum) for the period 2016-2018. Results. It was established that the duration of the growing season of the studied garden pea varieties was average and changed depending on the nutrition by different doses of mineralfertilizers and growth regulators. The fertilization up to 15 kg/ha d.r. in combination with different growth regulators on different garden pea varieties extended the growing season from 2 to 3 days on average. Additionally, there was a tendency to increase the growing season from 7 to 8 days compared to control in terms of nitrogen fertilization up to 30 kg/ha d.r. When nitrogen fertilizers were applied in dose up to 45 kg/ha d.r. the growing season of plants continued for another 2-3 days, depending on varietal signs of culture and processing technologies. Conclusions. The growth rate of a garden pea “Hotivskyi”, “Chekbek”, “Farhus” depended on temperature, humidity, the presence of nutrients and varietal features in the soil to a greater extend. It has been found that some plants grew quickly, accumulated enough nutrients, andmatured later than those species that grew slowly in the first phases of plant development. The growing season of garden pea “Chekbek” was the smallest compared to garden pea "Hotivskyi" and "Farhus". The longest growing season for all examined varieties of garden pea was observed when we applied N45Р30К45 in combination with plant growth regulators. On average, during three years, the growing season of garden pea “Hotivskyi” was 86 days, the growing season of garden pea “Chekbek” was 81 days and the growing season of garden pea “Farhus” was 92 days, which 72 ultimately led to a decrease in yield.

Formation of productivity of maize hybrids of different ripening groups in the Forest-Steppe region

The relevance of the study is determined by the necessity of scientifically substantiating the rational ratio of maize hybrids of different ripening groups to ensure the realisation of the genetic potential in forming pre-harvest grain moisture at the level of 18-22%. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to identify the most adapted and plastic ripening groups considering biological features and to identify stable hybrids based on economic efficiency through the calculation of the hybrid’s productivity efficiency index. The method of plot division was used to conduct field research in accordance with the requirements of the research methodology. The results revealed that maize hybrids of different ripening groups react differently to temperature conditions, especially during the interphase period – 3-5 leaves. Maize hybrids with FAO (ripening group of the hybrid) 180-250, having a flint grain subtype, are characterised by faster linear plant growth due to higher cold resistance, making them suitable for early sowing when the soil temperature is 6-80C. Hybrids with FAO 300 and above, with a dent grain subtype, exhibit slower initial plant growth and are more thermophilic. Therefore, it is advisable to plant them after the soil has been thoroughly warmed to 8-100C. Studies have established that the highest grain yield was obtained from mid-late maturity maize hybrids (FAO 401-500) – 10.04-10.17 t/ha, with a maximum level of 14.89 t/ha in 2017. However, considering the dynamics of productivity levels over the years, the most plastic hybrids, i.e., those with the smallest difference in yield between years, are phenotypes with FAO 201-300. It was determined that early and mid-early ripening group hybrids had lower pre-harvest grain moisture – 0.6-23.9% compared to 28.7-2.7% in mid-ripening and mid-late ripening groups. This resulted in a higher productivity efficiency index for these hybrids. The materials of the study contain results for further research on optimising the use of maize hybrids with different FAO numbers and are of practical significance for farms of various ownership forms

Ranking of spring bread wheat genotypes according to the heading date and growing season duration in different ecogeographic environments

Background. Adaptation of spring bread wheat cultivars to climate change requires a study of the factors affecting the length of their growing season in various environments. An attempt is made to analyze regularities in the effect of ecogeographic conditions on the correlations shown by the duration of the growing season and interphase periods in spring bread wheat genotypes.Materials and methods. Correlation coefficients were studied for the impact of the environment and temperature on the duration of the interphase periods from sprouting to heading (SH) and from heading to yellow ripeness (HR) versus the period from sprouting to yellow ripeness (SR) in VIR’s wheat collection across 18 sites located in Russia and Uzbekistan from 41 to 60°N and from 30 to 135°E. The effect of the genotype and year on SH and HR was studied, and agrometeorological regression models of SH and HR were constructed, based on the data obtained during the studies of the collection in St. Petersburg in 1945–2021.Results. For the sites below 52–54°N, the SR/SH correlation coefficient was generally higher than SR/HR, and in the upper latitudes it was vice versa. The change in the ratio of coefficients occurred due to an increase in the interannual variability of HR at lower temperatures. The effect of HR on SR became greater than that of SH at temperatures below 18°С during HR. The data of a long-term study in St. Petersburg demonstrated that the effect of the genotype on SH was 18.9%, with 68.9% of the year, and the effect of the factors on HR was 4.1 and 71.3%, respectively. Regression models showed that HR was determined by temperature for at least 81%, while SH had a lower coefficient of determination by weather (56%).Conclusion. Ranking of wheat genotypes according to their heading time reflected their differentiation in earliness. A significant contribution of HR was conspicuous under temperatures below 18°C after heading at latitudes above 52–54°N.

Влияние засухи на развитие элементов структуры урожайности сортов ярового ячменя

In the researches carried out in 2021–2023 at the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky (Kirov) in the conditions of the vegetation experiment, 10 varieties of spring barley of different origin were evaluated by simulation of drought (breeding varieties of the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky of hybrid and regenerative origin, collection samples). The drought was simulated at the onset of the phase “stem elongation” by stopping irrigation and film sheltering from atmospheric precipitation, eliminating the greenhouse effect. The time of water stress application corresponded to the vegetative interphase of the plants “stem elongation – earing”. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of productivity elements on the yield of spring barley varieties and to determine the elements associated with the variability of the yield of varieties with an increasing drought in the interphase period “stem elongation – earing” and, based on these data, to select drought-resistant varieties. To evaluate the drought resistance of varieties, the Drought Resistance Index (DSI) was used as the ratio of the variety parameters to the average value for all varieties in the presence and absence of stress. The conducted researches have shown that the studied varieties reacted differently to the presence of drought in the interphase period “stem elongation – earing”. It was found that water deficiency significantly reduced the yield of all barley varieties by an average of 73g/m2 and affected the development of most elements of its structure. In the presence of drought, there was no evidence of productivity of barley plants associated with the yield of varieties. Under favorable vegetative conditions (absence of drought), an influence of head length (r = 0.613), head productivity (r = 0.81) and plant productivity (r = 0.84), thousand grain weight (r = 0.56) on the yield of barley varieties was found. The calculation of the correlation between yield DSI and structural elements showed a reliable relationship (r = 0.91) only between the yield DSI and the index “thousand grain weight”, therefore, highly productive genotypes under water stress in the interphase period “stem elongation – earing” should be selected according to the severity of the feature “thousand grain weight”. The varieties Novichok, Tallon, Forward and Bionic can be used as crossing components in appropriate breeding programs.

Agrometeorological characteristics of spring barley in the Northern Trans-Urals

The purpose of this work was to study the effect of air temperature on the duration of the growing season in Western Siberia (Russia). Material and methods: phenological observation of 6 varieties of spring barley (Abalak, Zolotnik Naran, Tandem, DLA-14 and Pasadena) was carried out for the period from 2016 to 2020. The sensitivity of varieties to temperature conditions is determined. The optimal average daily air temperature during the interphase periods was established: shoots-heading 31-35 days, and heading-ripeness 34-37 days. The optimal sums of effective temperatures above 10 ºC, necessary for the growth, and development of spring barley varieties, have been calculated. The Abalak variety was distinguished by a narrow temperature range in both interphase periods (the first period - 0.7 ºC; the second - 2.3 ºC), which indicates a low plasticity of this variety. The agrometeorological characteristic obtained from the data of field experiments can be used to identify the areas of cultivation of varieties, as well as for a scientifically based assessment of the territory in relation to the variety. The optimal, minimum air temperatures for each variety are calculated. The sensitivity of varieties to temperature changes was studied.

РОСТОВАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ПРОГНОЗА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. СОРТА ЛЮБАВА НА ФОНЕ ПРЕДПОСЕВНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ СЕМЯН И НЕКОРНЕВОЙ ПОДКОРМКИ ГУМИНОВЫМ КОМПЛЕКСОМ «ЭКОБИОСФЕРА Б»

The article presents the results of the development of growth models forecasting the yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Lubava based on the value of empirical sowing parameters obtained in the early stages of plant development, the predicted thermal resources of the growing season of the current year and the efficiency coefficients of the preparation Ecobiosphere B in the experimental field of the Kostroma State Agricultural Academy (Kostroma District, Kostroma Region). It was found that the humic complex Ecobiosphere B influenced the development of T. aestivum L. Lubava, shortening the interphase period in the middle of the growing season by seven days in comparison with the control (untreated) plants. The heat capacity of the phenological development phases was calculated, which made it possible to predict the calendar dates of the phenological development phases, from the sowing date to harvest maturity, based on the forecast of the heat resource for the current year. Simulation-dynamic growth models of seasonal prediction of phytometric parameters, adjusted to the efficiency of consumption rate and frequency of application of the humic complex Ecobiosphere B as a regulator of growth and development, worked with the following accuracy: 0.5 L/t seed + 0.5 L/ha in the tillering phase of Ecobiosphere B: plant height – 98.32%, mass of phytoorgans at 13% humidity: ground active phytomass – 95.1%, leaves – 83.54%, stem – 91.08%, ear elements – 87.23%, fruits – 98.24%; 1.0 L/t seed + 1.0 L/ha in the tillering phase of Ecobiosphere B: plant height – 98.47%, mass of phytoorgans at 13% humidity: ground active phytomass – 87.5%, leaves – 64 .57%, stem – 85.46%, ear elements – 61.09%, fruits – 96.11%. The models will provide the ability to predict plant productivity and yield of T. aestivum L. The models will make it possible to predict plant productivity and yield of T. aestivum L. Lubava under production conditions at least 80–90 days before harvest maturity and, if necessary, to adjust the cultivation technology during the growing season in order to increase the economic efficiency of production.

AGROCLIMATIC FACTORS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT MATURITY GROUPS SOYBEAN CULTIVARS UNDER ENDOPHYTIC-RHIZOBIAL INOCULATION IN CONDITIONS OF NON-IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE OF THE SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE

The article presents the results of studies of weather and climatic conditions during the production processes in the period of formation of the yield of soybean varieties of different maturity under pre-sowing endophytic-rhizobial inoculation of seeds, as well as the functional activity of the rhizosphere microbiota and plant productivity in conditions of non-irrigated agriculture. The average temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall were determined for the interphase periods, which are the main indicators that affect the evapotranspiration, moisture deficit, and moisture coefficient. The experiments were conducted at the experimental field of the Odesa State Agricultural Research Station, located in the southern steppe zone of Ukraine. The soil of the experimental field is a heavy loamy southern chernozem. The moisture availability indicators show that the southern part of the Steppe zone of Odesa region during the growing season of crops (April-September) in 2023 belonged to the semi-arid zone, and in July and September - to the desert. Evapotranspiration and moisture deficit during the growing season of plants of both soybean varieties (ultra-early maturing Diona and mid-season Sviatohor) varied significantly and depended on the average monthly temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. Evapotranspiration reached 1045.1-1244.0 mm, resulting in a moisture deficit of 913.3-1100.4 mm. Due to insufficient rainfall in June, July and August, most crops experienced an increase in moisture deficit. The use of complex thermotolerant and drought-resistant microbial inoculants with stress-protective functions reduced the negative impact of agroclimatic factors on soybean plants and rhizosphere microbiota. The main directions of scientific and economic activity for obtaining consistently high crop yields in the southern part of the Steppe zone are the structuring of sown areas with an optimal share of irrigated land and the use of innovative biological preparations.

The effect of seed inoculation on the duration of interphase periods and the survival of soybean plants

The effect of seed inoculation on the duration of interphase periods and the survival of soybean plants

The influence of changes in agrometeorological conditions on the interphase periods of Hordeum vulgare l. sensulat and its productivity in the center of the European part of Russia

The studies were conducted in 2006-2022. in the Ryazan branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution FNATS VIM. The object of research was released varieties and promising lines of Hordeum vulgare L. Sensulato. The purpose of the research is to establish the influence of changing weather conditions on the development phases and productivity of Hordeum vulgare L. Sensulato in the center of the European part of Russia. It was established that in the region there was an increase in the average daily air temperature during the growing season from 16.3 to 20.9°C (4.6°C/17 years, CV = 4.7%). The length of the growing season is closely related to the conditions of the hydrothermal regime of the year (r=+0.507...+0.508). The data obtained revealed a negative effect of the sum of air temperatures on the yield in the sprouting-tillering phase r = - 0.364, but the correlation with the amount of precipitation in this period was r = + 0.331, HTCM r = + 0.300. A closer relationship between the yield and the amount of precipitation (r=+0.308) and the hydrothermal coefficient (r=+0.337) is manifested in the interphase period of tillering and heading. The duration of the interphase period of germination-tillering has an average direct relationship with the HTC (r = +0.361) and a high inverse relationship with the sum of temperatures (r = -0.804), a similar picture is observed in the interphase period of earing-filling (r = +0.320 and r = -0.813 , respectively). The decisive weather factors that determine the size of the harvest and the duration of interphase periods of Hordeum vulgare L. Sensulato in the conditions of the Ryazan region are precipitation and thermal conditions from the second decade of May to the second decade of July.

Organic cultivation of carrot in the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The carrot (Daucus carota var. sativus L.) is one of the most widely grown vegetable crops in the world. It is characterised by prominent taste qualities and a rich chemical composition, which makes it valuable for fresh and processed consumption. Considering the population’s need for high-quality, environmentally friendly products, it is vital to investigate the organic cultivation of the carrot. The purpose of this study was to investigate the organic cultivation of carrots in the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The following research methods were used: field, measuring and weighing, mathematical, and statistical. The paper presents findings for 2020-2022, where the growth, development, and formation of the crop under organic cultivation technology were investigated. The phenological phases and their duration, biometric parameters of carrot plants, and their yield were studied. The organic technology of growing carrots helped to reduce the interphase periods. The end of the vegetation period of carrots was observed earlier under organic cultivation technology by 2 and 3 days compared to the control variant. The height of the carrot plants was the highest in the Bolivar F1 hybrid under organic cultivation technology – 37 cm, which is 7 cm more than the control variant. The highest leafiness was observed in the studied variety and hybrid under organic cultivation technology. In the Olympus variety, the increase relative to the control was 3 pcs./plant, in the Bolivar F1 hybrid – 2 pcs./plant. The regularity of increasing the parameters of carrot roots under organic cultivation technology was noted. The increase in the diameter and length of the root crop under organic cultivation technology was 1.0-2.0 cm and 3 cm, respectively. The largest weight of root crops was under organic cultivation technology, where the increase relative to the control variant was 5 g for the Olympus variety and 7 g for the Bolivar F1 hybrid. When using organic technology, which involves biological products, the total yield of root crops increased by 3.1 t/ha compared to the control variant